Datasheet LM4872IBPX, LM4872IBP Datasheet (NSC)

Page 1
February 2000
LM4872
1 Watt Audio Power Amplifier in micro SMD package
LM4872 1 Watt Audio Power Amplifier micro SMD package
General Description
The LM4872 is a bridge-connected audio power amplifier ca­pable of delivering1Wofcontinuous average power to an 8load with less than .2% (THD) from a 5V power supply.
Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of external components. Since the LM4872 does not require output coupling capacitors or bootstrap capacitors. It is opti­mally suited for low-power portable applications.
The LM4872 features an externally controlled, low-power consumption shutdown mode, as well as an internal thermal shutdown protection mechanism.
Key Specifications
n Power Output at 0.2% THD 1 W (typ) n Shutdown Current 0.01 µA (typ)
Features
n micro SMD package (see App. note AN-1112) n 5V - 2V operation n No output coupling capacitors or bootstrap capacitors. n Unity-gain stable n External gain configuration capability
Applications
n Cellular Phones n Portable Computers n Low Voltage Audio Systems
Typical Application Connection Diagram
8 Bump micro SMD
DS101230-23
Top View
Order Number LM4872IBP, LM4872IBPX
See NS Package Number BPA08B6B
DS101230-1
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
Boomer®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS101230 www.national.com
Page 2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
LM4872
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage 6.0V Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C Input Voltage −0.3V to V
DD
+0.3V Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 2500V ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 250V Junction Temperature 150˚C
Electrical Characteristics VDD=5V(Notes 1, 2, 9)
The following specifications apply for V
= 5V and 8Load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C.
DD
Soldering Information See AN-1112 Micro-SMD Wafers Level Chip Scale
Package.
Operating Ratings
Temperature Range
T
TA≤ T
MIN
MAX
Supply Voltage 2.0V V
−40˚C TA≤ 85˚C
DD
5.5V
Symbol Parameter Conditions
V
DD
I
DD
I
SD
V
OS
P
o
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P
Supply Voltage 2.0 V (min)
Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN= 0V, Io= 0A 5.3 7 mA (max) Shutdown Current V
PIN1=VDD
Output Offset Voltage VIN= 0V 5 50 mV (max) Output Power THD = 0.2% (max);f=1kHz 1 W
= 0.25 Wrms; AVD=2;20Hz
o
f20 kHz
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V
= 4.9V to 5.1V 65 dB
DD
Electrical Characteristics VDD= 3.3V (Notes 1, 2, 9)
The following specifications apply for V
Symbol Parameter Conditions
V
DD
I
DD
I
SD
V
OS
P
o
Supply Voltage 2.0 V (min)
Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN= 0V, Io= 0A 4 mA (max) Shutdown Current V Output Offset Voltage VIN= 0V 5 mV (max) Output Power THD = 1% (max);f=1kHz .5 .45 W
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V
= 3.3V and 8Load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C.
DD
PIN1=VDD
= 0.25 Wrms; AVD=2;20Hz
o
f20 kHz
= 3.2V to 3.4V 65 dB
DD
LM4872
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Note 7)
Units
(Limits)
5.5 V (max)
0.01 2 µA (max)
0.1 %
LM4872
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Note 7)
Units
(Limits)
5.5 V (max)
0.01 µA (max)
0.15 %
Electrical Characteristics VDD= 2.6V (Notes 1, 2, 8, 9)
The following specifications apply for V
Symbol Parameter Conditions
V
DD
I
DD
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Supply Voltage 2.0 V (min)
Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN= 0V, Io= 0A 3.4 mA (max)
= 2.6V and 8Load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C.
DD
LM4872
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Note 7)
5.5 V (max)
Units
(Limits)
Page 3
Electrical Characteristics VDD= 2.6V (Notes 1, 2, 8, 9)
The following specifications apply for V 25˚C. (Continued)
= 2.6V and 8Load unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA=
DD
LM4872
Symbol Parameter Conditions
I
SD
V
OS
P
0
THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise P
Shutdown Current V
PIN1=VDD
Output Offset Voltage VIN= 0V 5 mV (max) Output Power ( 8)
Output Power ( 4)
THD = 0.3% (max);f=1kHz THD = 0.5% (max);f=1kHz
= 0.25 Wrms; AVD=2;20Hz
o
LM4872
Typical Limit
(Note 6) (Note 7)
0.01 µA (max)
0.25
0.5
0.25 %
Units
(Limits)
f20 kHz
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V
Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 2:
Absolute Maximum Ratings
tional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. antee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T allowable power dissipation is P typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is 150˚C/W.
Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kresistor. Note 5: Machine Model, 220 pF–240 pF discharged through all pins. Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 8: Low Voltage Circuit - See Fig. 4 Note 9: Shutdown current is measured in a Normal Room Environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase I
indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur.
=(T
DMAX
JMAX–TA
Electrical Characteristics
)/θJAor the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4872, T
External Components Description (
= 2.5V to 2.7V 65 dB
DD
state DC andAC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guar-
Figure 1
)
Operating Ratings
JMAX
indicate conditions for which the device is func-
, θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum
by a maximum of 2µA.
SD
JMAX
= 150˚C. The
W W
Components Functional Description
1. R
2. C
3. R
4. C
Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with Rf. This resistor also forms a
i
high pass filter with C Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifiers input terminals. Also creates a
i
highpass filter with R for an explanation of how to determine the value of C
Feedback resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with Ri.
f
Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing
S
at fC= 1/(2π RiCi).
i
at fc= 1/(2π RiCi). Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External Components,
i
.
i
section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.
5. C
Bypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering. Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External
B
Components, for information concerning proper placement and selection of C
.
B
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Typical Performance Characteristics
LM4872
THD+N vs Frequency at 5V and 8
THD+N vs Frequency at 3.3V and 8
THD+N vs Frequency at 2.6V and 8
THD+N vs Output Power V
=5V
DD
DS101230-3
DS101230-5
THD+N vs Frequency at 2.6V and 4
THD+N vs Output Power V
= 3.3V
DD
DS101230-6
DS101230-4
DS101230-7
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DS101230-8
Page 5
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM4872
THD+N vs Output Power
2.6V at 8
Output Power vs Supply Voltage
DS101230-9
THD+N vs Output Power
2.6V at 4
DS101230-10
Output Power vs Load Resistance
Power Derating Curve
DS101230-11
DS101230-14
Power Dissipation vs Output Power V
=5V
DD
DS101230-12
DS101230-26
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Page 6
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
LM4872
Power Dissipation vs Output Power V
= 3.3V
DD
Power Dissipation vs Output Power V
= 2.6V
DD
Clipping Voltage vs Supply Voltage
Frequency Response vs Input Capacitor Size
DS101230-27
DS101230-15
DS101230-28
Supply Current vs Shutdown Voltage
DS101230-20
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
DS101230-17
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DS101230-18
Page 7
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Open Loop Frequency Response
Noise Floor
LM4872
DS101230-19
DS101230-16
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Page 8
Application Information
LM4872
BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION
As shown in plifiers internally, allowing for a few different amplifier con­figurations. The first amplifier’s gain is externally config­urable, while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of R the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal 10 k resistors. serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both am­plifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but out of phase by 180˚. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC is
By driving the load differentially through outputs Vo1 and Vo2, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as “bridged mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is different from the classical single-ended amplifier configura­tion where one side of its load is connected to ground.
A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over the single-ended configuration, as it provides differential drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage. Four times the output power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same condi­tions. This increase in attainable output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In order to choose an amplifier’s closed-loop gain without causing ex­cessive clipping, please refer to the Audio Power Amplifier Design section.
A bridge configuration, such as the one used in LM4872, also creates a second advantage over single-ended amplifi­ers. Since the differential outputs, Vo1 and Vo2, are biased at half-supply,no net DC voltage exists across the load. This eliminates the need for an output coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply, single-ended amplifier configura­tion. Without an output coupling capacitor, the half-supply bias across the load would result in both increased internal IC power dissipation and also possible loudspeaker damage.
POWER DISSIPATION
Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a suc­cessful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or single­ended. A direct consequence of the increased power deliv­ered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in internal power dissipation. Since the LM4872 has two opera­tional amplifiers in one package, the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times that of a single-ended amplifier. The maximum power dissipation for a given application can be derived from the power dissipation graphs or from Equa­tion 1.
It is critical that the maximum junction temperature T 150˚C is not exceeded. T power derating curves by using P area. By adding additional copper foil, the thermal resistance of the application can be reduced from a free air value of 150˚C/W, resulting in higher P can be added to any of the leads connected to the LM4872. It is especially effective when connected to V the output pins. Refer to the application information on the LM4872 reference design board for an example of good heat sinking. If T changes must be made. These changes can include re-
Figure 1
Figure 1
P
DMAX
JMAX
, the LM4872 has two operational am-
shows that the output of amplifier one
A
= 2 *(Rf/Ri)
VD
= 4*(VDD)2/(2π2RL) (1)
can be determined from the
JMAX
and the PC board foil
DMAX
. Additional copper foil
DMAX
still exceeds 150˚C, then additional
to Riwhile
f
DD,GND
JMAX
, and
. Internal power
JMAX
dissipation is a function of output power. Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics curves for power dissipation information for different output powers and output loading.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
As with any amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pins should be as close to the device as possible. Typicalapplica­tions employ a 5V regulator with 10 µF Tantalum or electro­lytic capacitor and a 0.1 µF bypass capacitor which aid in supply stability. This does not eliminate the need for bypass­ing the supply nodes of the LM4872. The selection of bypass capacitor, especially C
, is dependent upon PSRR require-
B
ments, click and pop performance as explained in the sec­tion, Proper Selection of External Components, system cost, and size constraints.
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the LM4872 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the amplifier’s bias circuitry.This shutdown feature turns the am­plifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin. The trigger point between a logic low and logic high level is typically half- supply. It is best to switch between ground and supply to provide maximum device performance. By switch­ing the shutdown pin to V
, the LM4872 supply current
DD
, the idle
DD
current may be greater than the typical value of 0.01 µA. In either case, the shutdown pin should be tied to a stable volt­age to avoid unwanted state changes.
In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry which pro­vides a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another solu­tion is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch in conjunction with an external pull-up resistor. When the switch is closed, the shutdown pin is connected to ground and enables the amplifier. If the switch is open, then the external pull-up re­sistor will disable the LM4872. This scheme guarantees that the shutdown pin will not float thus preventing unwanted state changes.
PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
Proper selection of external components in applications us­ing integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize device and system performance. While the LM4872 is tolerant of external component combinations, consideration to compo­nent values must be used to maximize overall system qual­ity.
of
The LM4872 is unity-gain stable which gives a designer maximum system flexibility. The LM4872 should be used in low gain configurations to minimize THD+N values, and maximize the signal to noise ratio. Low gain configurations require large input signals to obtain a given output power. In­put signals equal to or greater than 1 Vrms are available from sources such as audio codecs. Please refer to the sec­tion, Audio Power Amplifier Design, for a more complete explanation of proper gain selection.
Besides gain, one of the major considerations is the closed­loop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the band­width is dictated by the choice of external components
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Page 9
Application Information (Continued)
shown in first order high pass filter which limits low frequency re­sponse. This value should be chosen based on needed fre­quency response for a few distinct reasons.
Selection Of Input Capacitor Size
Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenua­tion. But in many cases the speakers used in portable sys­tems, whether internal or external, have little ability to repro­duce signals below 100 Hz to 150 Hz. Thus, using a large input capacitor may not increase actual system perfor­mance.
In addition to system cost and size, click and pop perfor­mance is effected by the size of the input coupling capacitor, C reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 V charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. Thus, by minimizing the ca­pacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn-on pops can be minimized.
Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consid­eration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value. Bypass capacitor, C turn-on pops since it determines how fast the LM4872 turns on. The slower the LM4872’s outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 V Choosing C (in the range of 0.1 µF to 0.39 µF), should produce a virtually clickless and popless shutdown function. While the device will function properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with C to turn-on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of C
1.0 µF is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive de­signs.
LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS ( BELOW 3.0 V
The Lm4872 will function at voltages below 3 volts but this mode of operation requires the addition of a 1kresistor from each of the differential output pins ( pins 8 and4)di­rectly to ground.The addition of the pair of 1kresistors ( R4 & R5 ) assures stable operation below 3 Volt Vdd operation. The addition of the two resistors will however increase the idle current by as much as 5mA. This is because at 0v input both of the outputs of the LM4872’s 2 internal opamps go to 1/2 V flow through the 1K resistors from output to ground. See fig
4. Jumper options have been included on the reference design,
Fig. 4, to accommodate the low voltage application. J2 & J3 connect R4 and R5 to the outputs. J1 operates the shutdown function. J1 must be installed to operate the part. A switch may be installed in place of J1 for easier evaluation of the shutdown function.
Figure 1
A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to
i.
equal to 0.1 µF,the device will be much more susceptible
B
( 2.5 volts for a 5v power supply ), causingcurrent to
DD
. The input coupling capacitor, Ci, forms a
). This
DD
, is the most critical component to minimize
B
), the smaller the turn-on pop.
equal to 1.0 µF along with a small value of C
B
DD
equal to
B
)
DD
LM4872
AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN A 1W/8AUDIO AMPLIFIER
Given:
Power Output 1 Wrms Load Impedance 8 Input Level 1 Vrms Input Impedance 20 k Bandwidth 100 Hz–20 kHz
A designer must first determine the minimum supply rail to obtain the specified output power. By extrapolating from the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graphs in the Typical Per- formance Characteristics section, the supply rail can be easily found. A second way to determine the minimum sup­ply rail is to calculate the required V
opeak
and add the output voltage. Using this method, the minimum supply voltage would be (V V
and V
OD
BOT
age vs Supply Voltage curve in the Typical Performance
are extrapolated from the Dropout Volt-
OD
TOP
opeak
+(V
OD
TOP
Characteristics section.
Using the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graph for an 8 load, the minimum supply rail is 4.6V. But since 5V is a stan­dard voltage in most applications, it is chosen for the supply rail. Extra supply voltage creates headroom that allows the LM4872 to reproduce peaks in excess of 1W without produc-
i
ing audible distortion. At this time, the designer must make sure that the power supply choice along with the output im­pedance does not violate the conditions explained in the Power Dissipation section.
Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed, the required differential gain can be determined from Equa­tion 3.
R
f/Ri=AVD
From Equation 3, the minimum A
/2
is 2.83; use AVD=3.
VD
Since the desired input impedance was 20 k, and with a A
impedance of 2, a ratio of 1.5:1 of Rfto Riresults in an
VD
allocation of R
=20kΩand Rf=30kΩ. The final design step
i
is to address the bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of −3 dB frequency points. Five times away from a −3 dB point is 0.17 dB down from passband response which is better than the required
f
= 100 Hz/5 = 20 Hz
L
f
=20kHz*5=100kHz
H
±
0.25 dB specified.
As stated in the External Components section, R junction with C
C
1/(2π*20 k*20 Hz) = 0.397 µF; use 0.39 µF
i
create a highpass filter.
i
The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the desired frequency pole, f With a A
= 3 and fH= 100 kHz, the resulting GBWP =
VD
, and the differential gain, AVD.
H
150 kHz which is much smaller than the LM4872 GBWP of 4 MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need to design an amplifier with a higher differential gain, the LM4872 can still be used without running into bandwidth limi­tations.
±
0.25 dB
using Equation 2
+V
OD
)), where
BOT
i
in con-
(2)
(3)
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Application Information (Continued)
HIGHER GAIN AUDIO AMPLIFIER
LM4872
The LM4872 is unity-gain stable and requires no external components besides gain-setting resistors, an input coupling capacitor, and proper supply bypassing in the typical appli­cation. However, if a closed-loop differential gain of greater than 10 is required, a feedback capacitor may be needed as shown in Figure 2 to bandwidth limit the amplifier.This feed­back capacitor creates a low pass filter that eliminates
Figure 2
DS101230-24
possible high frequency oscillations. Care should be taken when calculating the -3dB frequency in that an incorrect combination of R
and C4will cause rolloff before 20kHz. A
3
typical combination of feedback resistor and capacitor that will not produce audio band high frequency rolloff is R 20kand C
= 25pf. These components result in a -3dB
4
3
point of approximately 320 kHz. It is not recommended that the feedback resistor and capacitor be used to implement a band limiting filter below 100kHZ.
=
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Application Information (Continued)
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION FOR LM4872
LM4872
DS101230-29
Figure 3
Mono LM4872 Reference Design Board - Assembly Part Number: 980011207-100 Revision: A Bill of Material
Item Part Number Part Description Qty Ref Designator
1 551011208-001 LM4872 Mono Reference
Design Board PCB etch 001
10 482911183-001 LM4872 Audio AMP micro
SMD 8 Bumps
20 151911207-001 Cer Cap 0.1uF 50V +80/-20 21 151911207-002 Cer Cap 0.39uF 50V Z5U 20 25 152911207-001 Tant Cap 1uF 16V 10 30 472911207-001 Res 20K Ohm 1/10W 5 31 472911207-002 Res 1K Ohm 1/10W 5
1206
1210
Size=A3216
0805
0805
35 210007039-002 Jumper Header Vertical
Mount 2X1 0.100
36 210007582-001 Jumper Shunt 2 position
0.100
1
1U1
1C1 1C2 1C3 3 R1, R2, R3 2 R4, R5, 3 J1, J2, J3
3
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Application Information (Continued)
LM4872
Silk Screen
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
Inner Layer Ground
DS101230-30
DS101230-32
Inner Layer V
DS101230-31
DD
DS101230-33
DS101230-34
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Application Information (Continued)
REFERENCE DESIGN BOARD and PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES
LM4872
PCB Layout Guidelines
This section provides practical guidelines for mixed signal PCB layout that involves various digital/analog power and ground traces. Designers should note that these are only rule-of-thumbrecommendations and the actual results will depend heavily on the final layout.
General Mixed Signal Layout Recommendation
Power and Ground Circuits
DS101230-25
Figure 4
Single-Point Power / Ground Connections
The analog power traces should be connected to the digital traces through a single point (link). A Pi-filtercan be helpful in minimizing High Frequency noise coupling between the analog and digital sections. It is further recommended to put digital and analog power traces over the corresponding digi­tal and analog ground traces to minimize noise coupling.
Placement of Digital and Analog Components
All digital components and high-speed digital signals traces should be located as far away as possible from analog com­ponents and circuit traces.
Avoiding Typical Design / Layout Problems
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Note: Unless otherwise specified.
1. Epoxy coating.
2. 63Sn/37Pb eutectic bump.
3. Recommend non-solder mask defined landing pad.
4. Pin 1 is established by lower left corner with respect to text orientation pins are numbered counterclockwise.
5. Reference JEDEC registration MO-211, variation BC.
LM4872 1 Watt Audio Power Amplifier micro SMD package
8-Bump micro SMD
Order Number LM4872IBP, LM4872IBPX
NS Package Number BPA08B6B
X
= 1.31 X2= 1.97 X3= 0.850
1
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