Datasheet LM4545VHX, LM4545VH Datasheet (NSC)

LM4545
AC ’97 Codec with Stereo Headphone Amplifier and
National 3D Sound

General Description

The LM4545 is an audio codec for PC systems which per­forms the analog-intensive function of the Analog Codec ’97
Rev 1.03 Architecture. Using 18-Bit Σ∆ A/D and D/A convert­ers, the LM4545 provides 90dB of dynamic range.

The LM4545 was designed specifically to provide a high
quality audio path and provide all analog functionality in a PC
audio system. It features full duplex stereo A/D’s and D/A’s
and an analog mixer with 4 stereo and 3 mono inputs, each
of which has separate gain, attenuation and mute control. In
addition, the LM4545 provides a stereo headphone amplifier
with an independent gain control and National’s 3D Sound
stereo enhancement technology.

The LM4545 features AC-Link, a synchronous, fixed rate se­rial bus for connection to the digital AC ’97 Controller. The
separation of the analog and digital functions of the AC ’97
architecture allows for system design flexibility and in­creased overall performance.

Key Specifications

n Analog Mixer Dynamic Range 95dB (typ)
n D/A Dynamic Range 89dB (typ)
n A/D Dynamic Range 90dB (typ)
n Headphone THD+N at 50mW into 32Ω 0.02%(typ)

Features

n Audio Codec ’97 compliant
n Stereo 18-Bit Σ∆ A/D’s and D/A’s with 128X

oversampling

n Stereo headphone amp with separate gain control
n National’s 3D Sound circuitry
n Power management support
n Digital Interface 3V and 5V compliant

Applications

n Desktop PC Audio Systems
n Portable PC Audio Systems
n Mobile PC Audio Solutions

Block Diagram

DS100069-1

FIGURE 1. LM4545 Block Diagram

PRELIMINARY

July 1999

LM4545 AC ’97 Codec with Stereo Headphone Amplifier and National 3D Sound

© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS100069 www.national.com

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 6.0V
Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C
Input Voltage −0.3V to V

DD

+0.3V
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 2500V
pins 27, 28, 40 1500V
pin 3 750V
ESD Susceptibility (Note 6) 200V
pin 3 100V
Junction Temperature 150˚C
Soldering Information

TQFP Package
Vapor Phase (60 sec.) 215˚C
Infrared (15 sec.) 220˚C

See AN-450 ″Surface Mounting and their Effects on
Product Reliability″ for other methods of
soldering surface mount devices.

θ

JA

(typ)—VBH48A 74˚C/W

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

T

MIN

≤ TA≤ T

MAX

−40˚C ≤ TA≤ 85˚C

Analog Supply Range 4.2V ≤ AV

DD

≤ 5.5V

Digital Supply Range 3.0V ≤ DV

DD

≤ 5.5V

Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 3)

The following specifications apply for AVDD= 5V, DVDD= 5V unless otherwise noted. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C. The reference
for 0dB is 1Vrms unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM4545

Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 7)

Limit

(Note 8)

AV

DD

Analog Supply Range 4.2 V (min)

5.5 V (max)

DV

DD

Digital Supply Range 3.0 V (min)

5.5 V (max)

I

DDD

Digital Quiescent Power Supply
Current

D

VDD

=5V 38 mA

D

VDD

= 3.3V 20 mA

I

DDA

Analog Quiescent Power Supply
Current

55 mA

I

SD

Shutdown Current 1.5 mA

V

REF

Reference Voltage 2.23 V

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 40 dB

Analog Loopthru Mode

Dynamic Range (Note 2)

CD Input to Line Output, -60dB Input
THD+N, A-Weighted

95 90 dB (min)

THD Total Harmonic Distortion V

O

= -3dB, f = 1kHz, RL= 10kΩ 0.01 0.02

%

(max)

Analog Input Section

V

IN

Line Input Voltage 1 Vrms
Mic Input with 20dB Gain 0.1 Vrms

Mic Input with 0dB Gain 1 Vrms
Xtalk Crosstalk CD Left to Right -85 -70 dB (max)
Z

IN

Input Impedance 40 10 kΩ (min)
C

IN

Input Capacitance 15 pF

Interchannel Gain Mismatch CD Left to Right 0.04 dB

Record Gain Amplifier - A/D

A

S

Step Size 0dB to 22.5dB 1.5 dB

Mixer Section

A

S

Step Size +12dB to -34.5dB 1.5 dB
A

M

Mute Attenuation 86 dB

Analog to Digital Converters

Resolution 18 Bits

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Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 3) (Continued)

The following specifications apply for AVDD= 5V, DVDD= 5V unless otherwise noted. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C. The reference
for 0dB is 1Vrms unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM4545

Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 7)

Limit

(Note 8)

Analog to Digital Converters

Dynamic Range (Note 2) -60dB Input THD+N, A-Weighted 90 75 dB (min)
Frequency Response -1dB Bandwidth 20 kHz

Digital to Analog Converters

Resolution 18 Bits
Dynamic Range (Note 2) -60dB Input THD+N, A-Weighted 89 85 dB (min)

THD Total Harmonic Distortion V

IN

= -3dB, f=1kHz, RL= 10kΩ 0.01 0.03

%

(max)
Frequency Response -1dB Bandwidth 21 kHz
Group Delay (Note 2) 1 mS (max)
Out of Band Energy -40 dB
Stop Band Rejection 70 dB

D

T

Discrete Tones -96 dB

Output Volume and Amplifier Section

A

S

Step Size 0dB to -46.5dB 1.5 dB

A

M

Mute Attenuation 86 dB

THD+N

Headphone Amplifier Total Harmonic
Distortion plus Noise

Loopthru Mode, R

L

=32Ω, f=1kHz,

P

OUT

= 50mW

0.02

%
Digital I/O (Note 2)
V

IL

Low level input voltage

0.30 x
DVDD

V (max)

V

HI

High level input voltage

0.40 x
DVDD

V (min)

V

OH

High level output voltage

0.50 x
DVDD

V (min)

V

OL

Low level output voltage

0.20 x
DVDD

V (max)

I

L

Input Leakage Current AC Link inputs

±

10 µA (max)

I

L

Tri state Leakage Current High impedance AC Link outputs

±

10 µA (max)

I

DR

Output drive current AC Link outputs 5 mA
Digital Timing Specifications (Note 2)
F

BC

BIT_CLK frequency 12.288 MHz
T

BCP

BIT_CLK period 81.4 nS
T

CH

BIT_CLK high

Variation of BIT_CLK period from 50

%

duty cycle

±

20

%

(max)

F

SYNC

SYNC frequency 48 kHz
T

SP

SYNC period 20.8 µS
T

SH

SYNC high pulse width 1.3 µS
T

SL

SYNC low pulse width 19.5 µS
T

SETUP

Setup Time

SDATA_IN, SDATA_OUT to falling
edge of BIT_CLK

15 nS (min)

T

HOLD

Hold Time

Hold time of SDATA_IN, SDATA_OUT
from falling edge of BIT_CLK

5 nS (min)

T

RISE

Rise Time

BIT_CLK, SYNC, SDATA_IN or
SDATA_OUT

6 nS (max)

T

FALL

Fall Time

BIT_CLK, SYNC, SDATA_IN or
SDATA_OUT

6 nS (max)

T

RST_LOW

RESET# active low pulse width For cold reset 1.0 µS (min)

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Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 3) (Continued)

The following specifications apply for AVDD= 5V, DVDD= 5V unless otherwise noted. Limits apply for TA= 25˚C. The reference
for 0dB is 1Vrms unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM4545

Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 7)

Limit

(Note 8)

Digital Timing Specifications (Note 2)
T

RST2CLK

RESET# inactive to BIT_CLK start
up

For cold reset 162.8 nS (min)

T

SH

SYNC active high pulse width For warm reset 1.3 µS

T

SYNC2CLK

SYNC inactive to BIT_CLK start up For warm reset 162.8 nS (min)

T

SU2RST

Setup to trailing edge of RESET# For ATE Test Mode 15 nS (min)

T

RST2HZ

Rising edge of RESET# to Hi-Z For ATE Test Mode 25 nS (max)

Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: These specifications are guaranteed by design and characterization; they are not production tested.
Note 3:

Absolute MaximumRatings

indicate limitsbeyondwhich damage to the device may occur.

Operating Ratings

indicate conditions for which the device is func-

tional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.

Electrical Characteristics

state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guar­antee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is
given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.

Note 4: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T

JMAX

, θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation is P

DMAX

=(T

JMAX–TA

)/θJAor the number given inAbsolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4545, T

JMAX

= 150˚C. The

typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is 74˚C/W for package number VBH48A.

Note 5: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.

Note 6: Machine Model, 220 pF–240 pF discharged through all pins.
Note 7: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.
Note 8: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).

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Timing Diagrams

Clocks

DS100069-10

Data Setup and Hold

DS100069-11

Digital Rise and Fall

DS100069-12

Cold Reset

DS100069-13

Warm Reset

DS100069-14

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Typical Application

DS100069-3

FIGURE 2. LM4545 Typical Application Circuit

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Connection Diagram

Pin Descriptions
Analog I/O

Name Pin I / O

Functional Description

PC_BEEP 12 I

This is a mono input which gets summed into both the stereo line and stereo headphone
output after the the National 3D Sound block. The PC_BEEP level can be adjusted from 0dB
to −45dB in 3dB steps, or muted, via register 0Ah.

PHONE 13 I

This is a mono input which gets summed into both the stereo line output after the the
National 3D Sound block. The PHONE level can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in

1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 0Ch.

AUX_L 14 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the left ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the left output stream. The amount of AUX_L
signal mixed in the left output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB steps
as well as muted via register 16h.

DS100069-2

Top View

Order Number LM4545VH

See NS Package Number VBH48A

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Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Analog I/O (Continued)

Name Pin I / O

Functional Description

AUX_R 15 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the right ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the right output stream. The amount of AUX_R
signal mixed in the right output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB
steps as well as muted via register 16h.

VIDEO_L 16 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the left ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the left output stream. The amount of VIDEO_L
signal mixed in the left output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB steps
as well as muted via register 14h.

VIDEO_R 17 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the right ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the right output stream. The amount of
VIDEO_R signal mixed in the right output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in

1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 14h.

CD_L 18 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the left ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the left output stream. The amount of CD_L
signal mixed in the left output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB steps
as well as muted via register 12h.

CD_GND 19 I

This input can be used to reject common mode signals on the CD_L or CD_R inputs.
CD_GND is an AC ground point not DC ground point. Thus, this input must be capacitively
coupled and not directly coupled to analog ground.

CD_R 20 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the right ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the right output stream. The amount of CD_R
signal mixed in the right output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB
steps as well as muted via register 12h.

MIC1 21 I

Either MIC1 or MIC2 can be selected via software and routed through the Input Mux for
recording. The 20dB boost circuit is enabled/disabled via register 0Eh. Also, the amount of
mic signal mixed in the output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB
steps as well as muted via register 0Eh.

MIC2 22 I

Either MIC1 or MIC2 can be selected via software and routed through the Input Mux for
recording. The 20dB boost circuit is enabled/disabled via register 0Eh. Also, the amount of
mic signal mixed in the output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in 1.5dB
steps as well as muted via register 0Eh.

LINE_IN_L 23 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the left ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the left output stream. The amount of
LINE_IN_L signal mixed in the left output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB in

1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 10h.

LINE_IN_R 24 I

This line level input can be routed through the Input Mux and recorded by the right ADC. In
addition, this analog input gets summed into the right output stream. The amount of
LINE_IN_R signal mixed in the right output stream can be adjusted from +12dB to −34.5dB
in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 10h.

LINE_OUT_L 35 O

This is a post-mixed output for the left audio channel. The level of this output can be
adjusted from 0dB to −45dB in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 02h.

LINE_OUT_R 36 O

This is a post-mixed output for the right audio channel. The level of this output can be
adjusted from 0dB to −45dB in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 02h.

MONO_OUT 37 O

This line level output is either the post-mixed output or the mic input. The level of this output
can be adjusted from 0dB to −45dB in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 06h.

HP_OUT_L 39 O

This is a post-mixed output for the left audio channel. The level of this output can be
adjusted from 0dB to −45dB in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 04h. HP_OUT_L
has a nominal gain of 9dB with respect to the left output mixer level and is designed for
driving a 32Ω impedance with minimal distortion.

HP_OUT_C 40 I

This input can be used to reject common mode signals on the headphone outputs. CD_GND
is an AC ground point not DC ground point. Thus, this input must be capacitively coupled
(not directly coupled) to analog ground.

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Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Analog I/O (Continued)

Name Pin I / O

Functional Description

HP_OUT_R 41 O

This is a post-mixed output for the right audio channel. The level of this output can be
adjusted from 0dB to −45dB in 1.5dB steps as well as muted via register 04h. HP_OUT_R
has a nominal gain of 9dB with respect to the right output mixer level and is designed for
driving a 32Ω impedance with minimal distortion.

Digital I/O and Clocking

Name Pin I / O Functional Description

XTL_IN 2 I

24.576 MHz crystal input. Use a fundamental-mode type crystal. When operating from a
crystal, a 1MΩ resistor must be connected across pins 2 and 3.

XTL_OUT 3 O

24.576 MHz crystal output. When operating from a crystal, a 1MΩ resistor must be
connected across pins 2 and 3.

SDATA_OUT 5 I

This data stream contains both control data and DAC audio data. This input is sampled by
the LM4545 on the falling edge of BIT_CLK.

BIT_CLK 6 O

12.288 MHz clock which is derived (divide by two) from the 24.576MHz crystal input
(XTL_IN).

SDATA_IN 8 O

This data stream contains both control data and ADC audio data. This output is clocked out
by the LM4545 on the rising edge of BIT_CLK.

SYNC 10 I

48kHz sync pulse which signifies the beginning of both the SDATA_IN and SDATA_OUT
serial streams. SYNC must be synchronous to BIT_CLK.

RESET# 11 I

This active low signal causes a hardware reset which returns the control registers to their
default conditions.

Power Supplies and References

Name Pin I / O Functional Description

AVDD 25,38 I Analog supply pins.
AVSS 26,42 I Analog ground pins.
DVDD 1,9 I Digital supply pins.
DVSS 4,8 I Digital ground pins.

VREF 27 O

Nominal 2.2V reference output. Not intended to sink or source current. Bypassing of this pin
should be done with short traces to maximize performance.

VREFOUT 28 O

Nominal 2.2V reference output. Can source up to 5mA of current and can be used to bias a
microphone. Do not connect any external capacitance to this pin.

AFILT1 29 O

This pin is not used and should be left open (NC). However, a capacitor to ground on this
pin is permitted as it will not affect performance.

AFILT2 30 O

This pin is not used and should be left open (NC). However, a capacitor to ground on this
pin is permitted as it will not affect performance.

3DP,3DN 31,32 O

These pins are used to complete the National 3D Sound circuit. Connect a 0.022µF
capacitor between pins 3DP and 3DN. The National 3D Sound can be turned on and off via
control register 20h. This is a fixed-depth type stereo enhance circuit, thus writing to register
22h has no effect. If National 3D Sound is not desired, then these pins should be left as no
connect (NC).

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Typical Performance Characteristics

ADC Noise Floor

DS100069-15

DAC Noise Floor

DS100069-16

Headphone Amplifier ­Noise Floor

DS100069-17

Analog Loopthru
Noise Floor

DS100069-18

ADC Frequency
Response

DS100069-19

DAC Frequency
Response

DS100069-20

Headphone Amplifier ­THD+N vs Frequency

DS100069-21

Headphone Amplifier ­THD+N vs Output Power

DS100069-22

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Register Map

REG Name D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Default

00h Reset X 0001101010100000d50h

02h Master Volume Mute X X ML4 ML3 ML2 ML1 ML0 X X X MR4 MR3 MR2 MR1 MR0 8008h

04h Headphone Volume Mute X X ML4 ML3 ML2 ML1 ML0 X X X MR4 MR3 MR2 MR1 MR0 8000h

06h

Master Volume

Mono

Mute XXXXXXXXXXMM4MM3MM2MM1MM08000h

08h Reserved XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

0Ah PC_BEEP Volume Mute XXXXXXXXXXPV3PV2PV1PV0X8008h

0Ch Phone Volume Mute XXXXXXXXXXGN4GN3GN2GN1GN08008h

0Eh Mic Volume Mute XXXXXXXX20dB X GN4 GN3 GN2 GN1 GN0 8008h

10h Line In Volume Mute X X GL4 GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 X X X GR4 GR3 GR2 GR1 GR0 8808h

12h CD Volume Mute X X GL4 GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 X X X GR4 GR3 GR2 GR1 GR0 8808h

14h Video Volume Mute X X GL4 GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 X X X GR4 GR3 GR2 GR1 GR0 8808h

16h Aux Volume Mute X X GL4 GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 X X X GR4 GR3 GR2 GR1 GR0 8808h

18h PCM Out Vol Mute X X GL4 GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 X X X GR4 GR3 GR2 GR1 GR0 8808h

1Ah Record Select XXXXXSL2SL1SL0XXXXXSR2SR1SR00000h

1Ch Record Gain Mute X X X GL3 GL2 GL1 GL0 XXXXGR3GR2GR1GR08000h

1Eh Reserved XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

20h General Purpose POP X 3D X X X MIX MS LPBK XXXXXXX0000h

22h 3D Control XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

24h Reserved XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

26h

Powerdown

Ctrl/Stat

PR7PR6PR5PR4PR3PR2PR1PR0XXXXREFANLDACADCna

28h Reserved XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5Ah Vendor Reserved ---------------- -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7Ah Vendor Reserved ---------------- -

7Ch Vendor ID1 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

7Eh Vendor ID2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X

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Application Information

AC Link Serial Interface Protocol

AC Link Output Frame

The audio output frame (output from AC ’97 Controller and
input to theLM4545 ) contains control and PCM data tar­geted for the LM4545 control register and stereo DAC. The
Tag slot, slot 0, contains 16 bits thattell theAC Link interface
circuitry on the LM4545 the validity of the following data
slots.

A new audio output frame is signaled with a low to high tran­sition of SYNC. SYNC is synchronous to the rising edge of
BIT_CLK. On the next rising edge of BIT_CLK, the AC ’97
Controller drives SD_OUT with the first bit of slot 0. The
LM4545 samples SD_OUT on the falling edge of BIT_CLK.
The AC ’97 Controller will continue outputting the SD_OUT
stream on each successive rising edge of BIT_CLK.

SD_OUT Slot 0: Tag Phase

The first bit of slot 0 is designated the ″Valid Frame″ bit. If
this bit is 1, it indicates that the current data frame contains
at least one slot of valid data and the LM4545 will further
sample the next four bits to determine which frames do in
fact have valid data. Validslots aresignified bya1intheir re­spective slot bit position.

Bit Description Comment

15 Valid Frame 1 = Valid Frame

14

Control
register

address

1 = Valid slot

13

Control

register data

1 = Valid slot

12

Left Playback

PCM Data

1 = Valid slot

DS100069-4

FIGURE 3. AC 97 Bidirectional Audio Frame

DS100069-6

FIGURE 4. AC Link Audio Output Frame

DS100069-5

FIGURE 5. Start of Audio Output Frame

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Application Information (Continued)

Bit Description Comment

11

Right

Playback

PCM Data

1 = Valid slot

SD_OUT Slot 1: Control Address

Slot 1 is used both to write to the LM4545 registers as well
as read back a register’s current value. The MSB of Slot 1
(bit 19) signifies whether the current control operation is a
read or a write. Bits 18 through 12 are used to specify the
register address of the read or write operation. The least sig­nificant twelve bits are reserved and should be stuffed with
zeros by the AC’97 controller.

Bits Description Comment

19 Read/Write 0 = Write, 1 = Read

18:12

Control

Register

Identifies the Control

Register

11:0 Reserved Set to ″0″

SD_OUT Slot 2: Control Data

Slot 2 is used totransmit 16 bit control data to theLM4545 in
the event that the current operation is a write operation. The
least significant four bits should be stuffed with zeros by the
AC ’97 controller. If the current operation is a register read,
the entire slot, bits 19 through 0should be stuffed with zeros.

Bits Description Comment

19:4

Control

Register Write

Data

Set bits to ″0″ if read

operation

3:0 Reserved Set to ″0″

SD_OUT Slot 3: PCM Playback Left Channel

Slot 3 is a 20 bit field used to transmit data intended for the
left DAC on the LM4545. Any unused bits should be padded
with zeros. The LM4545 DAC’s have 18 bit resolution and
thus will use the first 18 bits of the 20 bit PCM stream.

Bits Description Comment

19:0

PCM Audio

Data for Left

DAC

Set unused bits to ″0″

SD_OUT Slot 4: PCM Playback Right Channel

Slot 4 is a 20 bit field used to transmit data intended for the
right DAC on the LM4545. Any unused bits should be pad­ded with zeros. The LM4545 DAC’s have 18 bit resolution
and thus will use the first 18 bits of the 20 bit PCM stream.

Bits Description Comment

19:0

PCM Audio

Data for Right

DAC

Set unused bits to ″0″

SD_OUT Slots 5-12: Reserved

Set these SD_OUT slots to ″0″ as they are not currently
used and are reserved for future use.

AC Link Input Frame

The audio input frame (output from the LM4545 and input to
the AC ’97 Digital Controller) contains status and PCM data
from the LM4545 control registers and stereoADC. The Tag
slot, slot 0, contains 16 bits that tell the AC ’97 Digital Con­troller whether the LM4545 is ready and the validity of data
from certain device subsections.

A new audio input frame is signaled with a low to high tran­sition of SYNC. SYNC is synchronous to the rising edge of
BIT_CLK. On the next rising edge of BIT_CLK, the LM4545
drives SD_IN with the first bit of slot 0. The Digital Controller
samples SD_IN on the falling edge of BIT_CLK. The
LM4545 will continue outputting the SD_IN stream on each
successive rising edge of BIT_CLK. The LM4545 outputs
data MSB first, in a MSB justified format. All reserved bits
and slots are stuffed with ″0″ ’s by the LM4545.

SD_IN Slot 0: Codec Status Bits

The first bit of SD_IN Slot 0 (bit 15), if asserted (=″1″), indi­cates that the Codec is ready. The digital controller must
probe further to see which other subsections are ready.

DS100069-8

FIGURE 6. AC Link Audio Input Frame

DS100069-7

FIGURE 7. Start of Audio Input Frame

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Application Information (Continued)

Bit Description Comment

15

Codec Ready

Bit

0=Not Ready, 1=Ready

14

Slot 1 data

valid

Status Address is valid

13

Slot 2 data

valid

Status Data is valid

12

Slot 3 data

valid

Left Audio PCM Data is

valid

11

Slot 4 data

valid

Right Audio PCM Data is

valid

SD_IN Slot 1: Status Address

The slot echoes the control register which a read was re­quested on. The address echoed was initiated by a read re­quest in the previous SD_OUT frame, slot 1.

Bits Description Comment

19 Reserved Stuffed with ″0″

18:12

Control

Register Index

Echo of Control Register

for which data is being

returned.

11:0 Reserved Stuffed with ″0″ ’s

SD_IN Slot 2: Status Data

The slot returns the control register data. The data returned
was initiated by a read request in the previous SD_OUT
frame, slot 1.

Bits Description Comment

19:4

Control

Register Read

Data

3:0 Reserved Stuffed with ″0″ ’s

SD_IN Slot 3: PCM Record Left Channel

This slot contains the left ADC sample data. The signal digi­tized is selected via register 1Ah and subsequently routed
through the Input Mux for recording by the left ADC.

Bits Description Comment

19:2

PCM Record
Left Channel

data

18 bit audio sample from

left ADC

1:0 Reserved Stuffed with ″0″’s

SD_IN Slot 4: PCM Record Right Channel

This slot contains the right ADC sample data. The signal digi­tized is selected via register 1Ah and subsequently routed
through the Input Mux for recording by the right ADC.

Bits Description Comment

19:2

PCM Record

Right Channel

data

18 bit audio sample from

right ADC

1:0 Reserved Stuffed with ″0″’s

SD_IN Slots 5-12: Reserved

These SD_IN slots are set to ″0″ as they are reserved for fu­ture use.

AC Link Low Power Mode

Reset Register (00h)

Writing any value to this register causes a register reset
which changes all of the registers back to their default val­ues. If a read is performed on this register, the LM4545 will
return a value of 0D50h implying that National 3D Sound is
implemented, 18bit data is supported for both the ADC’s and
DAC’s and the stereo headphone function is supported.

Master Volume Registers (02h, 04h, 06h)

These registers allows the output levels from LINE_OUT
port, HP_OUT port and MONO_OUT port to be attenuated or
muted. Each step is nominally 1.5dB andeach output can be
individually muted by setting the most significant bit to 1.

Mute Mx5:Mx0 Function

0 00 0000 0dB attenuation
0 01 1111 46.5dB attenuation
0 1X XXXX 46.5dB attenuation
1 XX XXXX mute

Default: 8000h

PC Beep Register (0Ah)

This register controls the level of the PC_BEEP input. The
PC_BEEP can be both attenuated and muted via register
0Ah. Step size is nominally 3dB. The signal present after the
attenuation and mute block is summed into both the left and
right channels.

Mute PV3:0 Function

0 0000 0dB attenuation
0 1111 45dB attenuation
1 XXXX mute

Default: 8000h

Mixer Input Volume Registers (Index 0Ch - 18h)

These registers control the input volume controls including
mute. Each volume control is 5 bit which provides from a
range of +12dB gain to 34.5dB attenuation. For stereo ports,
the left and right levels can be independently set. Muting a
given port is accomplished by setting the MSB to 1. Setting
the MSB to 1 for stereo ports mutes both the left and right
channel. Register 0Eh has an additional 20dB boost fora mi­crophone level input. This is enabled by setting bit 6 of reg­ister 0Eh to 1.

DS100069-9

FIGURE 8. AC Link Powerdown Timing

www.national.com 14

Application Information (Continued)

Mute Gx4:Gx0 Function

0 00000 +12dB gain
0 01000 0dB gain
0 01111 34.5dB attenuation
1 XXXXX mute

Default: 8008h (mono regs.), 8808h (stereo regs.)

Record Select Register (1Ah)

This register independently controls the source for the right
and left channel which will be recorded by the stereo ADC.
The default value is 0000h which corresponds to Mic in.

SL2:SL0 Left Record Source

0 Mic
1 CDIn(L)
2 Video In (L)
3 Aux In (L)
4 Line In (L)
5 Stereo Mix (L)
6 Mono Mix (L)
7 Phone

SR2:SR0 Right Record Source

0 Mic
1 CDIn(R)
2 Video In (R)
3 Aux In (R)
4 Line In (R)
5 Stereo Mix (R)
6 Mono Mix (R)
7 Phone

Record (Input) Gain Register (1Ch)

This register controls the Record (Input) Gain level for the
stereo input selected via the Record Select Control Register
(1Ah). The gain can be programmed from 0dB to +22.5dB in

1.5dB steps. The level for the left and right channel can be
individually controlled. The input can also be muted by set­ting the MSB to 1.

Mute Gx3:Gx0 Function

0 1111 22.5dB gain
0 0000 0dB gain
1 XXXX mute

Default: 8000h

General Purpose Register (20h)

This register controls many miscellaneous functions imple­mented on the LM4545. The miscellaneous functions in­clude: POP which allows the PCM to bypass the National 3D
Sound circuitry, 3D which enables or disables the National
3D Sound circuitry, MIX which selects the MONO_OUT
source, MS which selects the microphone mux source and
LPBK which connects the output of the stereo ADC to input
of the stereo DAC. LPBK provides for a digital loopthru path
when enabled.

BIT Function

POP

PCM out path and mute,0=pre3D,1=

post 3D

3D National 3D Sound on / off1=on

MIX Mono output select0=Mix,1=Mic

MS Mic select 0 = Mic1 1 = Mic2

LPBK ADC/DAC loopback

Powerdown Control / Status Register (26h)

This read/write register is used to monitor subsystem readi­ness and program LM4545 powerdown states. The lower
half of this register is read only with a ″1″ indicated the sub­section is ready.Writing to the lower 8 bits will have no effect.

When the AC Link ″Codec Ready″ indicator bit (SDATA_IN
slot 0, bit 15) isa1itindicates that the AC Link and AC ’97
registers are in a fully operational state. TheAC ’97 Control­ler must further probe the Powerdown Control / Status Reg­ister to determine exactly which subsections are ready.

BIT Function

REF Vref’s up to nominal level
ANL Analog mixers ready
DAC DAC section ready to accept data
ADC ADC section ready to transmit data

The supported powerdown modes are as follows.

BIT Function

PRO PCM in ADC’s and Input Mux powerdown
PR1 PCM out DAC’s powerdown
PR2 Analog Mixer powerdown (VREF still on)
PR3 Analog Mixer powerdown (VREF off)

PR4

Digital Interface (AC Link) powerdown

(external clk off)
PR5 Internal Clk disable
PR6 HP Amp powerdown

Reserved Registers (28h - 7Ah)

Do not write to these registers as they are reserved.

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

LIFE SUPPORT POLICY

NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:

1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.

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48-Lead , TQFP,7X7X1.4mm, JEDEC (M)

Order Number LM4545VH

NS Package Number VBH48A

LM4545 AC ’97 Codec with Stereo Headphone Amplifier and National 3D Sound

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.