Datasheet LM324DR2, LM324N, LM324AN, LM324ADR2, LM324AD Datasheet (Motorola)

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Order this document by LM324/D

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 

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The LM324 series are low–cost, quad operational amplifiers with true
differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard
operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier
can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with
quiescent currents about one–fifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on
a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative
supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in
many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative
power supply voltage.

• Short Circuited Protected Outputs

• True Differential Input Stage

• Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V

• Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)

• Four Amplifiers Per Package

• Internally Compensated

• Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply

• Industry Standard Pinouts

• ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Af fecting

Device Operation

QUAD DIFFERENTIAL INPUT

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SEMICONDUCTOR

TECHNICAL DATA

N SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

14

1

14

1

PIN CONNECTIONS

CASE 646

(LM224, LM324,

LM2902 Only)

D SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 751A

(SO–14)

MAXIMUM RATINGS

Rating Symbol

Power Supply Voltages Vdc

Single Supply V
Split Supplies VCC, V

Input Differential

Voltage Range (See
Note 1)

Input Common Mode

Voltage Range

Output Short Circuit

Duration

Junction Temperature T
Storage Temperature

Range

Operating Ambient

T emperature Range

NOTE: 1. Split Power Supplies.

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

LM224

LM324, LM324A

32 26

±16 ±13
±32 ±26 Vdc

–0.3 to 32 –0.3 to 26 Vdc

Continuous

150 °C

–65 to +150 °C

–25 to +85

0 to +70

–40 to +105
–40 to +125

V

V

IDR

ICR

t

SC

T

T

CC

EE

J

stg

A

LM2902,

LM2902V

Unit

°C

Inputs 1

Inputs 2

Device

LM2902D
LM2902N
LM2902VD
LM2902VN
LM224D
LM224N

LM324AD
LM324AN
LM324D
LM324N

Out 1

V

CC

Out 2

1

2

*

1

)

3

4
5

)

23

*

6

7

(Top View)

14

13

*

4

)

12

11
10

)
*

9

8

Out 4

Inputs 4

VEE, Gnd

Inputs 3

Out 3

ORDERING INFORMATION

Operating

Temperature Range

TA = –40° to +105°C

TA = –40° to +125°C

TA = –25° to +85°C

TA = 0° to +70°C

Package

Plastic DIP

Plastic DIP

Plastic DIP

Plastic DIP

Plastic DIP

SO–14

SO–14

SO–14

SO–14

SO–14

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 Motorola, Inc. 1996 Rev 3

1

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit

Input Offset Voltage V

VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V

(26 V for LM2902,
V), V

= 0 V to

ICR

VCC –1.7 V, VO =

1.4 V, RS = 0 Ω
TA = 25°C
TA = T
TA = T

Average Temperature

Coefficient of Input
Offset Voltage

TA = T

high

Input Offset Current I

TA = T

high

Average Temperature

Coefficient of Input
Offset Current

TA = T

high

Input Bias Current I

TA = T

high

Input Common Mode

Voltage Range

VCC = 30 V (26 V for

LM2902, V)

VCC = 30 V (26 V for

LM2902, V),

TA = T

Differential Input

Voltage Range

Large Signal Open

Loop Voltage Gain

RL = 2.0 kΩ, VCC =

15 V, for Large V
Swing, TA = T
to T

low

Channel Separation

10 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHz,
Input Referenced

Common Mode

Rejection, RS ≤ 10 kΩ

Power Supply

Rejection

Output Voltage–High

Limit (TA = T

(1)

T

)

low
VCC = 5.0 V, RL =

2.0 kΩ, TA = 25°C

VCC = 30 V (26 V for

LM2902, V),
RL = 2.0 kΩ

VCC = 30 V (26 V for

LM2902, V),
RL = 10 kΩ

NOTES: 1. T

2.The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the

(1)

high

(1)

low

to T

low

to T

low

to T

low

to T

low

(2)

to T

high

high

(1)

high to

= –25°C for LM224 T

low

=0°C for LM324, A = +70°C for LM324, A
= –40°C for LM2902 = +105°C for LM2902
= –40°C for LM2902V = +125°C for LM2902V

common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V.

IO

∆VIO/∆T – 7.0 – – 7.0 30 – 7.0 – – 7.0 – – 7.0 – µV/°C

(1)

IO

(1)

∆IIO/∆T – 10 – – 10 300 – 10 – – 10 – – 10 – pA/°C

(1)

IB

(1)

V

ICR

low

V

IDR

A

VOL

O

CS – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – – –120 – dB

CMR 70 85 – 65 70 – 65 70 – 50 70 – 50 70 – dB

PSR 65 100 – 65 100 – 65 100 – 50 100 – 50 100 – dB

V

OH

(VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

LM224 LM324A LM324 LM2902 LM2902V

– 2.0 5.0 – 2.0 3.0 – 2.0 7.0 – 2.0 7.0 – 2.0 7.0
– – 7.0 – – 5.0 – – 9.0 – – 10 – – 13
– – 7.0 – – 5.0 – – 9.0 – – 10 – – 10

– 3.0 30 – 5.0 30 – 5.0 50 – 5.0 50 – 5.0 50 nA
– – 100 – – 75 – – 150 – – 200 – – 200

– –90 –150 – –45 –100 – –90 –250 – –90 –250 – –90 –250 nA
– – –300 – – –200 – – –500 – – –500 – – –500

0 – 28.3 0 – 28.3 0 – 28.3 0 – 24.3 0 – 24.3

0 – 28 0 – 28 0 – 28 0 – 24 0 – 24

– – V

5025100–––2515100–––2515100–––2515100–––2515100––

3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 – 3.3 3.5 –

26 – – 26 – – 26 – – 22 – – 22 – –

27 28 – 27 28 – 27 28 – 23 24 – 23 24 –

= +85°C for LM224

high

CC

– – V

CC

– – V

CC

– – V

CC

– – V

CC

–

mV

V

V

V/mV

V

2

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit

Output Voltage – Low
Limit, VCC = 5.0 V, R
= 10 kΩ, TA = T

T

low

Output Source Current

(VID = +1.0 V, VCC =

15 V)

TA = 25°C
TA = T

Output Sink Current IO

(VID = –1.0 V, VCC =

15 V) TA = 25°C
TA = T
(VID = –1.0 V, VO =

200 mV, TA = 25°C)

Output Short Circuit to

Ground

Power Supply Current
(TA = T

VCC = 30 V (26 V for

LM2902, V),

VO = 0 V, RL = ∞
VCC = 5.0 V,

VO = 0 V, RL = ∞

NOTES: 1. T

high

(1)

to T

high

low

to T

high

low

(3)

to T

high

low

= –25°C for LM224 T

low

=0°C for LM324, A = +70°C for LM324, A
= –40°C for LM2902 = +105°C for LM2902
= –40°C for LM2902V = +125°C for LM2902V

2.The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the
common mode voltage range is VCC –1.7 V.

V

L

to

IO

(1)

(1)

I

SC

I

CC

(1)

)

– 5.0 20 – 5.0 20 – 5.0 20 – 5.0 100 – 5.0 100 mV

OL

+

20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 – 20 40 –
10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 –

–

10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 – 10 20 –

5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 – 5.0 8.0 –
12 50 – 12 50 – 12 50 – – – – – – – µA

– 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 – 40 60 mA

– – 3.0 – 1.4 3.0 – – 3.0 – – 3.0 – – 3.0

– – 1.2 – 0.7 1.2 – – 1.2 – – 1.2 – – 1.2

= 5.0 V, VEE = Gnd, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

CC

LM224 LM324A LM324 LM2902 LM2902V

= +85°C for LM224

high

mA

mA

mA

+

Inputs

–

Q2

Q19

Q18

Q17

Q3 Q4

5.0 pF

Q20

Q21

Q16

Q5

Representative Circuit Diagram

(One–Fourth of Circuit Shown)

Q15

Q12

Q9

Q7

Q6

Q26

Q8

Q14

40 k

25

Q13

Q11

Q10

Output

Q1

Bias Circuitry

Common to Four

Amplifiers

Q22

Q23

Q25

2.0 k

2.4 k

Q24

V

CC

VEE/Gnd

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

3

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The LM324 series is made using four internally
compensated, two–stage operational amplifiers. The first
stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and
Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the
differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first
stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also
performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction
functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller
compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus
saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is
accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18.
Another feature of this input stage is that the input common
mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in
single supply operation, without saturating either the input
devices or the differential to single–ended converter. The
second stage consists of a standard current source load
amplifier stage.

Single Supply Split Supplies

3.0 V to V

CC(max)

V

CC

1
2
3

4

VEE/Gnd

Large Signal V oltage Follower Response

1.0 V/DIV

5.0

µ

s/DIV

VCC = 15 Vdc

RL = 2.0 k
TA = 25°C

Ω

Each amplifier is biased from an internal–voltage regulator
which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each
amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as
excellent power supply rejection.

V

CC

1
2
3

4

V

EE

1.5 V to V

1.5 V to V

CC(max)

EE(max)

4

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 1. Input V oltage Range Figure 2. Open Loop Frequency

20

18

16

14

12

10

8.0

I

V , INPUT VOL TAGE (V)

6.0

±

4.0

2.0
0

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20

Figure 3. Large–Signal Frequency Response

14

pp

12
10

8.0

6.0

4.0

, OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V )

2.0

OR

V

0

1.0 10 100 1000

±

VCC/V

Negative

Positive

POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V)

EE,

RL = 2.0 k
VCC = 15 V

VEE = Gnd

Gain = –100

RI = 1.0 k

RF = 100 k

f, FREQUENCY (kHz)

Ω

Ω

Ω

120

100

80
60
40

VOL

A , LARGE–SIGNAL

20

OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)

0

–20

1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M

Figure 4. Small–Signal V oltage Follower

Pulse Response (Noninverting)

550
500

450
400
350

300

, OUTPUT VOL TAGE (mV)

250

O

V

200

0

Input

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

f, FREQUENCY (Hz)

Output

t, TIME (

µ

s)

VCC = 15 V
VEE = Gnd

TA = 25

VCC = 30 V

VEE = Gnd

°

C

TA = 25
CL = 50 pF

°

C

Figure 5. Power Supply Current versus

Power Supply Voltage

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.2

0.9

0.6

0.3

CC

I , POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

0

0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35

VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

TA = 25°C

R

RL =

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

Figure 6. Input Bias Current versus

Power Supply Voltage

90

80

IB

I , INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)

70

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20

5

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 7. V oltage Reference Figure 8. Wien Bridge Oscillator

R1

50 k

V

CC

MC1403

R2

–

1/4

LM324

+

2.5 V

VO = 2.5 V 1 +

CC

R1
R2

10 k

V

ref

V

ref

1

= V

2

CC

V

O

5.0 k
V

CC

–

1/4

LM324

+

fo =

V

O

1

π

RC

2

For: fo = 1.0 kHz

R

R

C

C

R = 16 k
C = 0.01 µF

V

Figure 9. High Impedance Differential Amplifier Figure 10. Comparator with Hysteresis

e

+

1

1/4

LM324

–

a R1

R1

b R1

–

1/4

LM324

e

2

+

eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 – e1)

1

R

C

R

R2

Hysteresis

V

V

ref

ref

O

) + V

) + V

V

OH
V

OL

ref

ref

O

V

inLVinH

V

–

1/4

LM324

e

o

+

1

R

C

R

R1

V

ref

V

in

+

1/4

LM324

–

R1

R1 + R2

R1

R1 + R2

R1

R1 + R2

(VOL – V

(VOH – V

(VOH – VOL)

V

=

inL

V

=

inH

H =

Ω

ref

Figure 11. Bi–Quad Filter

R

R

C1

V

in

R2

C

–

1/4

LM324

+

R

–

1/4

LM324

+

100 k

C

Vref

V

ref

R2

Bandpass

Output

R1

V

ref

R3

–

1/4

LM324

+

Where: TBP= Center Frequency Gain

100 k

–

1/4

LM324

+

V

ref

For: fo= 1.0 kHz

For: Q= 10
For: TBP= 1
For: TN= 1

C1

Notch Output

Where: TN= Passband Notch Gain

6

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

1

fo =

2

π

R1 = QR

R1

R2 =

T

BP

R3 = TN
C1 = 10C

RC

V

ref

R2

R = 160 k
C = 0.001 µF
R1 = 1.6 M
R2 = 1.6 M
R3 = 1.6 M

1

=V

CC

2

Ω
Ω

Ω
Ω

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

Figure 12. Function Generator Figure 13. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter

V

=V

ref

V

ref

1

CC

2

Triangle Wave

+

1/4

LM324

–

C

f =

Output

R1 + R

4 CRf R1

R2

300 k

R3

75 k

R1

100 k

V

ref

R

f

if

R3 =

R2 R1

R2 + R1

C

+

1/4

LM324

–

Square
Wave
Output

V

R1

in

Given: fo= center frequency

A(fo) = gain at center frequency

Choose value fo, C

Then:

For less than 10% error from operational amplifier,
where fo and BW are expressed in Hz.
If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with

voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters.

R2

R3 =

π

R1 =

R2 =

4Q2 R1 – R3

C

Q

fo C

R3

2 A(fo)

R1 R3

C

R3

V

ref

V

CC

–

1/4

LM324

+

V

=V

ref

1
2

CC

Qo f

BW

o

C

O

V

CO = 10 C

< 0.1

O

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

7

–T–

SEATING
PLANE

LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

N SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

(LM224, LM324, LM2902 Only)

14 8

B

17

A
F

C

N

SEATING

HG D

PLANE

K

–A–

14 8

–B–

P 7 PL

71

G

C

D 14 PL

0.25 (0.010) A

K

M

S

B

T

S

CASE 646–06

ISSUE L

L

J

M

D SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 751A–03

(SO–14)

ISSUE F

0.25 (0.010) B

M

X 45

R

_

M

NOTES:

1. LEADS WITHIN 0.13 (0.005) RADIUS OF TRUE
POSITION AT SEATING PLANE AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.

2. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.

3. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH.

4. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.

DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX

A 0.715 0.770 18.16 19.56
B 0.240 0.260 6.10 6.60
C 0.145 0.185 3.69 4.69
D 0.015 0.021 0.38 0.53
F 0.040 0.070 1.02 1.78
G 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
H 0.052 0.095 1.32 2.41
J 0.008 0.015 0.20 0.38
K 0.115 0.135 2.92 3.43
L 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC

M 0 10 0 10

____

N 0.015 0.039 0.39 1.01

NOTES:

1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.

2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.

3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.

4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.

5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR

M

F

J

PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.

DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX

A 8.55 8.75 0.337 0.344
B 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157
C 1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068
D 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019

F 0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049

G 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC

J 0.19 0.25 0.008 0.009
K 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009
M 0 7 0 7
P 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244
R 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019

MILLIMETERSINCHES

INCHESMILLIMETERS

____

Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty , representation or guarantee regarding
the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “T ypical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola
data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals”
must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of
others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other
applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury
or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola
and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees
arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that
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Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

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8

◊

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

LM324/D

*LM324/D*