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LM2413
Monolithic Triple 4 ns CRT Driver
General Description
The LM2413 is an integrated high voltage CRT driver circuit
designed for use in high-resolution color monitor applications. The IC contains three high input impedance, wide
band amplifiers, which directly drive the RGB cathodes of a
CRT. Eachchannel has its gain internally set to −14 and can
drive CRT capacitive loads as well as resistive loads present
in other applications, limited only by the package’s power
dissipation.
The IC is packaged in an industry standard 11 lead TO-220
molded plastic power package. See Thermal Considerations
on page 6.
Features
n Rise/Fall times typically 3.7/4.4 with 8 pF load at 40 V
Schematic and Connection Diagrams
n Well matched with LM1282/3 video preamps
n 1V to 5V input range
n Stable with 0–20 pF capacitive loads and inductive
peaking networks
n Convenient TO-220 staggered lead package style
n Standard LM240X Family Pinout which is designed for
easy PCB layout
Applications
n 1600 x 1200 Displays up to 70 Hz Refresh
n Pixel clock frequencies up to 180 MHz
n Monitors using video blanking
PP
LM2413 Monolithic Triple 4 ns CRT Driver
December 1999
DS101275-2
Top View
DS101275-1
FIGURE 1. Simplified Schematic Diagram (One
Channel)
© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS101275 www.national.com
Order Number LM2413T
See NS Package Number TA11C
Page 2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 3)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
LM2413
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage, V
Bias Voltage, V
Input Voltage, V
Storage Temperature Range,T
Lead Temperature (Soldering, ≤10 sec.) 300˚C
ESD Tolerance, Human Body Model 2kV
CC
BB
IN
STG
−65˚C to +150˚C
+90V
+16V
0V to 6V
Machine Model 250V
Operating Ranges (Note 2)
V
CC
V
BB
V
IN
V
OUT
Case Temperature −20˚C to +100˚C
Do not operate the part without a heat sink.
+60V to +85V
+10V to +15V
+1V to +5V
+15 to +75V
Electrical Characteristics (See
Unless otherwise noted: V
Symbol Parameter Conditions
I
I
V
A
∆A
CC
BB
OUT
V
V
Supply Current Per Channel, No Output Load 10 16 22 mA
Bias Current All three channels 15 25 35 mA
DC Output Voltage VIN= 1.9V 62 65 68 V
DC Voltage Gain −12 −14 −16
Gain Matching (Note 4) 1.0 dB
CC
=
+80V, V
BB
=
+12V, V
Figure 2
IN
for Test Circuit)
=
+3.3V, No AC Input, C
=
L
8pF, T
=
60˚C
C
LM2413
Min Typ Max
Units
LE Linearity Error (Notes 4, 5) 3.5
t
R
t
F
OS Overshoot (Note 6) (Note 6), 40 V
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Note 2: Operating ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and
test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may
change when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.
Note 3: All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified.
Note 4: Calculated value from Voltage Gain test on each channel.
Note 5: Linearity Error is the variation in dc gain from V
Note 6: Input from signal generator: t
Note 7: 100%tested in production. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Rise Time (Notes 6, 7) 10%to 90%,40VPPOutput (1 MHz) 3.7 4.7 ns
Fall Time (Notes 6, 7) 90%to 10%,40VPPOutput (1 MHz) 4.4 5.4 ns
Output (1 MHz) 5
PP
r,tf
1 ns.
IN
<
=
1.6V to V
=
5V.
IN
AC Test Circuit
DC
%
%
FIGURE 2. Test Circuit (One Channel)
Figure 2
shows a typical test circuit for evaluation of the
LM2413. This circuit is designed to allow testing of the
LM2413 in a 50Ω environment without the use of an expensive FET probe. The combined resistors of 4950Ω at the out-
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DS101275-3
put form a 200:1 voltage divider when connected to a 50Ω
load. The compensation cap is used to flatten the frequency
response of the 200:1 divider.
Page 3
AC Test Circuit (Continued)
FIGURE 3. VINvs V
OUT
DS101275-4
LM2413
DS101275-7
FIGURE 6. Power Dissipation vs Frequency
FIGURE 4. Speed vs Temp
FIGURE 5. Rise/Fall Time
DS101275-5
DS101275-6
DS101275-8
FIGURE 7. Speed vs Offset
DS101275-9
FIGURE 8. Bandwidth
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Page 4
Theory of Operation
The LM2413 is a high voltage monolithic three channel CRT
LM2413
driver suitable for very high resolution display applications,
up to 1600 x 1200 at 70 Hz refresh rate. The LM2413 operates using 80V and 12V power supplies. The part is housed
in the industry standard 11-lead TO-220 molded plastic
power package.
The simplified circuit diagram of one channel of the LM2413
is shown in
Figure 1
.APNPemitter follower, Q5, provides input buffering. This minimizes the current loading of the video
pre-amp. R9 is used to turn on Q5 when there is no input.
With Q5 turn on, Q1 will be almost completely off, minimizing
the current flow through Q1 and Q2. This will drive the output
stage near the V
with no inputs. R6 is a pull-up resistor for Q5 and also limits
rail, minimizing the power dissipation
CC
the current flow through Q5. R3 and R2 are used to set the
current flow through Q1 and Q2. The ratio of R1 to R2 is
used to set the gain of the LM2413. R1, R2, and R3 are all
related when calculating the output voltage of the CRT
driver. R
Q2 are in a cascode configuration. Q1 is a low voltage and
limits the current through the base of Q2. Q1 and
b
very fast transistor. Q2 is a higher voltage transistor. The
cascode configuration gives the equivalent of a very fast and
high voltage transistor. The two output transistors, Q3 and
Q4, form a class B amplifier output stage. R4 and R5 are
used to limit the current through the output stage and set the
output impedance of the LM2413. Q6, along with R7 and R8
set the bias current through Q3 and Q4 when there is no
change in the signal level. This bias current minimizes the
crossover distortion of the output stage. With this bias current the output stage now becomes a class AB amplifier with
a crossover distortion much lower than a class B amplifier.
Figure 2
shows a typical test circuit for evaluation of the
LM2413. Due to the very wide bandwidth of the LM2413, a
specially designed output circuit is used with the required series resistor and C
when evaluating the performance of the LM2413 in a 50Ω
to emulate the actual application
LOAD
environment without the use of an expensive FET probe.
The combined resistors of 4950Ω at the output form a 200:1
voltage divider when connected to a 50Ω load. The input signal from the generator is ac coupled to the input of the CRT
driver. V
LM2413.
input sets the DC operating range of the
ADJ
Application Hints
INTRODUCTION
National Semiconductor (NSC) is committed to providing application information that assists our customers in obtaining
the best performance possible from our products. The following information is provided in order to support this commitment. The reader should be aware that the optimization of
performance was done using a specific printed circuit board
designed at NSC. Variations in performance can be realized
due to physical changes in the printed circuit board and the
application. Therefore, the designer should know that component value changes may be required in order to optimize
performance in a given application. The values shown in this
document can be used as a starting point for evaluation purposes. When working with high bandwidth circuits, good layout practices are also critical to achieving maximum performance.
POWER SUPPY BYPASS
Since the LM2413 is a very high bandwidth amplifier, proper
power supply bypassing is critical for optimum performance.
Improper power supply bypassing can result in large overshoot, ringing and oscillation. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be
connected from the supply pin, V
the supply and ground pins as is practical. Additionally, a 10
, to ground, as close to
CC
µF to 100 µF electrolytic capacitor should be connected from
the supply pin to ground. The electrolytic capacitor should
also be placed reasonably close to the LM2413’s supply and
ground pins. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected from
the bias pin, V
part.
, to ground, as close as is practical to the
BB
ARC PROTECTION
During normal CRT operation, internal arcing may occasionally occur. Spark gaps, in the range of 200V, connected from
the CRT cathodes to CRT ground will limit the maximum voltage, but to a value that is much higher than allowable on the
LM2413. This fast, high voltage, high-energy pulse can damage the LM2413 output stage. The application circuit shown
in
Figure 9
is designed to help clamp the voltage at the output of the LM2413 to a safe level. The clamp diodes should
have a fast transient response, high peak current rating, low
series impedance and low shunt capacitance. FDH400 or
equivalent diodes are recommended. D1 and D2 should
have short, low impedance connections to V
respectively. The cathode of D1 should be located very close
and ground
CC
to a separately decoupled bypass capacitor. The ground
connection of the diode and the decoupling capacitor should
be very close to the LM2413 ground. This will significantly reduce the high frequency voltage transients that the LM2413
would be subjected to during an arc-over condition. Resistor
R2 limits the arc-over current that is seen by the diodes while
R1 limits the current into the LM2413 as well as the voltage
stress at the outputs of the device. R2 should be a 1/2W
solid carbon type resistor. R1 can be a 1/4W metal or carbon
film type resistor. Inductor L1 is critical to reduce the inital
high frequency voltage levels that the LM2413 would be subjected to during an arc-over. Having large value resistors for
R1 and R2 would be desirable, but this has the effect of increasing rise and fall times. The inductor will not only help
protect the device but it will also help optimize rise and fall
times as well as minimize EMI. For proper arc protection, it is
important to not omit any of the arc protection components
shown in
Figure 9
. The values of L1 and R1 may need to be
adjusted for a particular application. The recommended minimum value for R1 is 110Ω, with L1=.12 µH.
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Page 5
Application Hints (Continued)
FIGURE 9. One Channel of the LM2413 with the Recommended Arc Protection Circuit
OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Figure 9
Referring to
and L1) that can be adjusted to optimize the transient response of the application circuit. Increasing the values of R1
and R2 will slow the circuit down while decreasing overshoot. Increasing the value of L1 will speed up the circuit as
well as increase overshoot. It is very important to use inductors with very high self-resonant frequencies, preferably
above 300 MHz. The values shown in
as a good starting point for the evaluation of the LM2413.
Effect of Load Capacitance
The output rise and fall times as well as overshoot will vary
as the load capacitance varies. The values of the output circuit (R1, R2 and L1 in
the nominal load capacitance. Once this is done the performance of the design can be checked by varying the load
based on what the expected variation will be during production.
Effect of Offset
Figure 5
shows the variation in rise and fall times when the
output offset of the device is varied from 35 to 55 VDC. The
rise and fall times show about the same overall variation.
The slightly faster rise and fall times are fastest near the center point of 45V, making this the optimum operating point. At
the low and high output offset range, the characteristic of
rise/fall time is slower due to the saturation of Q3 and Q4.
The recovery time of the output transistors takes longer coming out of saturation thus slows down the rise and fall times.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
Figure 4
shows the performance of the LM2413 in the test
circuit shown in
Figure 4
LM2413 become slightly longer as the case temperature increases from 40˚C to 100˚C. Please note that the LM2413 is
never to be operated over a case temperature of 100˚C.
In addition to exceeding the safe operating temperature, the
rise and fall times will typically exceed 3.7/4.4 ns.
Figure 6
vs. Frequency when all three channels of the device are driving an 8 pF load. Typically the active time is about 72%of the
total time for one frame. Worst-case power dissipation is
when a one on, one off pixel is displayed over the active time
of the video input. This is the condition used to measure the
total power dissipation of the LM2413 at different input frequencies.
signed normally needs for worst case power dissipation.
shows that both the rise and fall times of the
shows that total power dissipation of the LM2413
Figure 6
, there are three components (R1, R2
Figure 9
can be used
Figure 9
) should be chosen based on
Figure 2
as a function of case temperature.
gives all the information a monitor de-
DS101275-10
However, if the designer wants to calculate the power dissipation for an active time different from 72%, this can be done
using the information in
black level voltage is 1.9V. From
used for the black level, then power dissipation during the inactive video time is 1.95W. This includes both the 80V and
12V supplies.
If the monitor designer chooses to calculate the power dissipation for the LM2413 using an active video time different
from 72%, then he needs to use the following steps when using a 1.9V input black level:
1. Multiply the black level power dissipation, 1.95W, by
0.28, the result is 0.6W.
2. Choose the maximum frequency to be used. A typical
application would use 90 MHz, or a 180 MHz pixel clock.
The power dissipation is 12.4W.
3. Subtract the 0.6W from the power dissipation from
ure 6
. For 100 MHz this would be 12.4 − 0.6=11.8W.
4. Divide the result from step 3 by 0.72. For 90 MHz, the result is 16.4W
5. Multiply the result in 4 by the new active time percentage.
6. Multiply 1.95W by the new inactive time.
7. Add together the results of steps 5 and 6. This is the expected power dissipation for the LM2413 in the designer’s application.
The LM2413 case temperature must be maintained below
100˚C. If the maximum expected ambient temperature is
70˚C and the maximum power dissipation is 12.2W (
6
) then a maximum heat sink thermal resistance can be cal-
culated:
This example assumes a capacitive load of 8 pF and no resistive load.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
A typical application of the LM2413 is shown in
Used in conjunction with an LM1283, a complete video channel from monitor input to CRT cathode can be achieved. Performance is excellent for resolutions up to 1600 x 1200 and
pixel clock frequencies at 180 MHz.
matic for the NSC demonstration board that can be used to
evaluate the LM1283/2413 combination in a monitor.
Figure 14
. The recommended input
Figure 14
Figure 10
, if a 1.9V input is
Fig-
Figure
DS101275-11
Figure 10
is the sche-
LM2413
.
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Page 6
Application Hints (Continued)
PC Board Layout Considerations
LM2413
For optimum performance, an adequate ground plane, isolation between channels, good supply bypassing and minimizing unwanted feedback are necessary. Also, the length of
the signal traces from the preamplifier to the LM2413 and
from the LM2413 to the CRT cathode should be as short as
possible. The red video trace from the LM1283 to the
LM2413 input should be considered as short as possible on
a PCB layout. If possible, position the pre-amp in such a way
where the traces from its output connects to the driver input
the most direct and shortest path. The following references
are recommended for video board designers:
Ott, Henry W., “Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
“Guide to CRT Video Design”, National Semiconductor Application Note 861.
“Video Amplifier Design for Computer Monitors”, National
Semiconductor Application Note 1013.
Pease, Robert A., “Troubleshooting Analog Circuits”,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
Because of its high small signal bandwidth, the part may oscillate in a monitor if feedback occurs around the video channel through the chassis wiring. To prevent this, leads to the
video amplifier input circuit should be shielded, and input circuit wiring should be spaced as far as possible from output
circuit wiring.
NSC Demonstration Board
Figure 11
ment on the NSC LM1283/2413 demonstration board. The
schematic of the board is shown in
and
Figure 12
show routing and component place-
Figure 10
. This board
provides a good example of a layout that can be used as a
guide for future layouts. Note the location of the following
components:
C79—VCCbypass capacitor, located very close to pin 6
•
and ground pins. (
C55—VBBbypass capacitor, located close to pin 10 and
•
ground. (
C75 and C77—VCCbypass capacitors, near LM2413
•
and V
CC
(
Figure 11
The routing of the LM2413 outputs to the CRT is very critical
to achieving optimum performance.
routing and component placement from pin 1 to the blue
cathode. Note that the components are placed so that they
almost line up from the output pin of the LM2413 to the blue
cathode pin of the CRT connector. This is done to minimize
the length of the video path between these two components.
Note also that D14, D15, R29 and D13 are placed to keep
the size of the video nodes to a minimum. This minimizes
parasitic capacitance in the video path and also enhances
the effectiveness of the protection diodes. The anode of protection diode D14 is connected directly to a section of the
ground plane that has a short and direct path to the LM2413
ground pins. The cathode of D15 is connected to V
close to decoupling capacitor C55 (see
connected to the same section of the ground plane as D14.
The diode placement and routing is very important for minimizing the voltage stress on the LM2413 during an arc over
event. Lastly, notice that S3 is placed very close to the blue
cathode and is tied directly to CRT ground.
Figure 12
)
Figure 12
)
clamp diodes. Very important for arc protection.
)
Figure 13
Figure 13
shows the
very
CC
) which is
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Page 7
Application Hints (Continued)
LM2413
DS101275-12
FIGURE 10. National Semiconductor OSD Video Amplier
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Application Hints (Continued)
LM2413
FIGURE 11. PCB Top Layer
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DS101275-13
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Application Hints (Continued)
LM2413
FIGURE 12. PCB Bottom Layer
DS101275-14
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Page 10
Application Hints (Continued)
LM2413
DS101275-15
FIGURE 13. PCB CRT Driver, Blue Channel Output
FIGURE 14. ICCand IBBvs V
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DS101275-16
IN
Page 11
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
NS Package Number TA11B
LM2413 Monolithic Triple 4 ns CRT Driver
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DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
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whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
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Corporation
Americas
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
Fax: 1-800-737-7018
Email: support@nsc.com
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National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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