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LM2402
Monolithic Triple 3 ns CRT Driver
General Description
The LM2402 is an integrated high voltage CRT driver circuit
designed for use in high resolution color monitor applications. The IC contains three high input impedance, wide
band amplifiers which directly drive the RGB cathodes of a
CRT. Each channelhas its gain internally set to −14 and can
drive CRT capacitive loads as well as resistive loads presented by other applications, limited only by the package’s
power dissipation.
The IC is packaged in an industry standard 11 lead TO-220
molded plastic power package. See thermal considerations
on page 5.
Features
n Rise/fall times typically 3.0/2.8 ns with 8 pF load at
40 V
PP
Schematic and Connection Diagrams
n Well matched with LM2202 video preamps
n Output swing capability: 50 V
n 1V to 5V input range
n Stable with 0-20 pF capacitive loads and inductive
peaking networks
n Convenient TO-220 staggered lead package style
n Standard LM240X family pinout which is designed for
easy PCB layout
Applications
n CRT driver for color monitors with display resolutions up
to 1600 x 1200
n Pixel clock frequency up to 200 MHz
LM2402 Monolithic Triple 3 ns CRT Driver
August 1999
=
for V
PP
80V
CC
DS101016-1
FIGURE 1. Simplified Schematic Diagram
(One Channel)
© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS101016 www.national.com
Top View
Order Number LM2402T
DS101016-2
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage, V
Bias Voltage, V
Input Voltage, V
CC
BB
IN
Storage Temperature Range, T
Lead Temperature (Soldering,
−0.5V to V
−65˚C to +150˚C
STG
<
10 sec.) 300˚C
BIAS
+90V
+16V
+ 0.5V
ESD Tolerance
Human Body Model 2 kV
Machine Model 250V
Recommended Operating
Conditions
V
CC
V
BB
V
IN
V
OUT(VCC
=
80V, V
(Note 3)
=
12V) +17V to +72V
BB
+60V to +85V
+8V to +15V
+1V to +5V
Case Temperature −20˚C to +100˚C
Do not operate the part without a heat sink.
Electrical Characteristics
(See
Figure 2
Unless otherwise noted: V
for Test Circuit)
Symbol Parameter Conditions
I
I
V
A
∆A
CC
BB
OUT
V
V
Supply Current Per Channel, No Output Load 22 27 32 mA
Bias Current All Three Channels 40 50 60 mA
DC Output Voltage V
DC Voltage Gain −12 −14 −16
Gain Matching (Note 4) 1.0 dB
LE Linear Error (Notes 4, 5) 3.5
t
r
t
f
Rise Time 10%to 90%,40VPPOutput (1 MHz) 3.0 ns
Fall Time 10%to 90%,40VPPOutput (1 MHz) 2.8 ns
OS Overshoot 40 V
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” are those values beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. They are not meant to imply that the devices
should be operated at these limits. The table of “Electrical Characteristics” specifies conditions of device operation.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: Operating ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and
test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may
change when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.
Note 4: Calculated value from voltage gain test on each channel.
Note 5: Linearity error is the variation in DC gain from V
Note 6: Input from signal generator: t
=
+80V, V
CC
<
r,tf
1 ns.
BB
=
+12V, V
=
+3.3 V
IN
DC,CL
=
8 pF, T
=
60˚C.
C
LM2402
Min Typ Max
=
1.9V 62 65 68 V
IN
Output (1 MHz) 5
PP
IN
=
1.5V to V
=
5V.
IN
Units
DC
%
%
AC Test Circuit
FIGURE 2. Test Circuit (One Channel)
Figure 2
LM2402. This circuit is designed for testing the LM2402 with
a FET probe. When calculating the total load capacitance,
www.national.com 2
shows a typical test circuit for evaluation of the
DS101016-3
the Tektronix P6201 FET probe with a 100:1 divider is specified to have 1.5 pF. The total board capacitance should be
6.5 pF.
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Typical Performance Characteristics
FIGURE 3. VINvs V
OUT
FIGURE 4. Speed vs Temp.
DS101016-4
DS101016-6
DS101016-5
FIGURE 6. Power Dissipation vs Frequency
DS101016-7
FIGURE 7. Speed vs Offset
FIGURE 5. Rise/Fall Time
DS101016-8
DS101016-9
FIGURE 8. Bandwidth
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Theory of Operation
The LM2402 is a high voltage monolithic three channel CRT
driver suitable for very high resolution display applications,
up to 1600 x 1200 at 85 Hz refresh rate. The LM2402 operates using 80V and 12V power supplies. The part is housed
in the industry standard 11-lead TO-220 molded plastic
power package.
The simplified circuit diagram of one channel of the LM2402
is shown in
Figure 1
.APNP emitter follower,Q5, provides input buffering. This minimizes the current loading of the video
pre-amp. R9 is used to turn off Q5 when there is no input.
This will drive the output stage to the V
power dissipation with no inputs. R6 is a pull-up resistor for
rail, minimizing the
CC
Q5 and also limits the current flow through Q5. R3 and R2
are used to set the current flow through Q1 and Q2.The ratio
of R1 to R2 is used to set the gain of the LM2402. R1, R2
and R3 are all related when calculating the output voltage of
the CRT driver. R
Q1 and Q2 are in a cascade configuration. Q1 is a low volt-
limits the current through the base of Q2.
b
age and very fast transistor.Q2 is a higher voltage transistor.
The cascade configuration gives the equivalent of a very fast
and high voltage transistor. The two output transistors, Q3
and Q4, form a class B amplifier output stage. R4 and R5 are
used to limit the current through the output stage and set the
output impedance of the LM2402. Q6, along with R7 and R8
set the bias current through Q3 and Q4 when there is no
change in the signal level. This bias current minimizes the
crossover distortion of the output stage. With this bias current the output stage now becomes a class AB amplifier with
a crossover distortion much lower than a class B amplifier.
Figure 2
shows a typical test circuit for evaluation of the
LM2402. Due to the very wide bandwidth of the LM2402, it is
necessary to use a FET probe that is DC coupled to the output for evaluation of the CRT driver’s performance. The 50Ω
resistor is used to duplicate the required series resistor in the
actual application. This resistor would be part of the arc-over
protection circuit. The input signal from the generator is AC
coupled to the input of the CRT driver.
Application Hints
10 µF to 100 µF electrolytic capacitor should be connected
from the supply pin to ground. The electrolytic capacitor
should also be placed reasonably close to the LM2402’s
supply and ground pins. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be connected from the bias pin, V
tical to the part.
, to ground, as close as is prac-
BB
ARC PROTECTION
During normal CRT operation, internal arcing may occasionally occur. Spark gaps, in the range of 200V,connected from
the CRT cathodes to CRT groundwill limit the maximum voltage, but to a value that is much higher than allowable on the
LM2402. This fast, high voltage, high energy pulse can damage the LM2402 output stage. The application circuit shown
in
Figure 9
is designed to help clamp the voltage at the output of the LM2402 to a safe level. The clamp diodes should
have a fast transient response, high peak current rating, low
series impedance and low shunt capacitance. FDH400 or
equivalent diodes are recommended. D1 and D2 should
have short, low impedance connections to V
respectively.The cathode of D1 should be located very close
and ground
CC
to a separately decoupled bypass capacitor. The ground
connection of the diode and the decoupling capacitor should
be very close to the LM2402 ground.This will significantly reduce the high frequency voltage transients that the LM2402
would be subjected to during an arc-over condition. Resistor
R2 limits the arc-over current that is seen by the diodes while
R1 limits the current into the LM2402 as well as the voltage
stress at the outputs of the device. R2 should be a
carbon type resistor. R1 can be a
1
⁄4W metal or carbon film
1
⁄2W solid
type resistor. Inductor L1 is critical to reduce the initial high
frequency voltage levels that the LM2402 would be subjected to during an arc-over. Having large value resistors for
R1 and R2 would be desirable, but this has the effect of increasing rise and fall times. The inductor will not only help
protect the device but it will also help optimize rise and fall
times as well as minimize EMI. For proper arc protection, it is
important to not omit any of the arc protection components
shown in
Figure 9
. The values of L1 and R1 may need to be
adjusted for a particular application.The recommended minimum value for R1 is 43Ω, with L1=.049 µH.
INTRODUCTION
National Semiconductor (NSC) is committed to providing application information that assists our customers in obtaining
the best performance possible fromour products. The following information is provided in order to support this commitment. The reader should be aware that the optimization of
performance was done using a specific printed circuit board
designed at NSC. Variations in performance can be realized
due to physical changes in the printed circuit board and the
application. Therefore, the designer should know that component value changes may be required in order to optimize
performance in a given application. The values shown in this
document can be used as a starting point for evaluation purposes. When working with high bandwidth circuits, good layout practices are also critical to achieving maximum performance.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASS
Since the LM2402 is a very high bandwidth amplifier, proper
power supply bypassing is critical for optimum performance.
Improper power supply bypassing can result in large overshoot, ringing and oscillation. A 0.1 µF capacitor should be
connected from the supply pin, V
the supply and ground pins as is practical. Additionally, a
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, to ground, as close to
CC
DS101016-10
FIGURE 9. One Channel of the LM2402 with the
Recommended Arc Protection Circuit.
OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Figure 9
Referring to
, there are three components (R1, R2
and L1) that can be adjusted to optimize the transient response of the application circuit. Increasing the values of R1
and R2 will slow the circuit down while decreasing overshoot. Increasing the value of L1 will speed up the circuit as
well as increase overshoot. It is very important to use inductors with very high self-resonant frequencies, preferably
above 300 MHz. Air core inductors from J.W. Miller Magnetics (part #75F518MPC) were used for optimizing the perfor-
Page 5
Application Hints (Continued)
mance of the device in the NSC application board. The values shown in
for the evaluation of the LM2402.
Effect of Load Capacitance
The output rise and fall times as well as overshoot will vary
as the load capacitance varies. The values of the output circuit (R1, R2 and L1 in
the nominal load capacitance. Once this is done the performance of the design can be checked by varying the load
based on what the expected variation will be during production.
Effect of Offset
Figure 7
output offset of the device is varied from 40 to 50 V
rise and fall times show about the same overall variation.
The slightly faster fall time is fastest near the center point of
45V, making this the optimum operating point since there is
little increase in the rise time.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
Figure 4
circuit shown in
Figure 4
LM2402 become slightly slower as the case temperature increases from 40˚C to 125˚C. In addition to exceeding the
safe operating temperature, the rise and fall times will typically exceed 3 nsec. Please note that the LM2402 is never
to be operated over a case temperature of 100˚C.
Figure 6
Frequency when all three channels of the device are driving
both an 8 pF load and a 20 pF load. This graph gives the designer the information needed to determine the heat sink requirement for his application. The designer should note that
if the load capacitance is increased the AC component of the
total power dissipation will also increase as shown in
6
. The designer should also remember that the actual video
signal has a period of around 70%to 75%. The remainder of
the time the video signal is inactive, or at the black level (below the black level if blanked). During this time the LM2402
will be at the black level, or below, dissipating under 4W.Referring to
1.9V, the power dissipation during the inactive video time is
3.8W, including both the 80V and 12V supplies.
The LM2402 case temperature must be maintained below
100˚C. Assume the worst case operating condition is a
100 MHz square wave during active video (a pixel clock of
200 MHz with one pixel on, one pixel off). From
can see that the power dissipation of the LM2402 is 28W if
the 100 MHz square wave is applied all the time. One must
also compensate for the inactive period of video. From
ure 14
ing the inactive video is 4W. Therefore there is an additional
24W of power dissipation due to the AC signal.Assume that
the AC signal is active 72%of the time. Now the AC power
dissipation is:
The total power dissipation for 72%active video time is:
Figure 9
can be used as a good starting point
Figure 9
) should be chosen based on
shows the variation in rise and fall times when the
shows the performance of the LM2402 in the test
Figure 2
shows that both the rise and fall times of the
shows the total power dissipation of the LM2402 vs.
as a function of case temperature.
. The
DC
Figure
Figure 14
and using an input black level voltage of
Figure 6
one
Fig-
it has been calculated that the power dissipation dur-
24W x 0.72=17W
17W+4W=21W
If the maximum expected ambient temperature is 50˚C and
using the maximum power dissipation of 21W (video being
active only 72%of the frame), then a maximum heat sink
thermal resistance can be calculated:
This example assumes a capacitive load of 8 pF and no resistive load.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
A typical application of the LM2402 is shown in
Used in conjunction with three LM2202s, a complete video
channel from monitor input to CRT cathode can be achieved.
Performance is excellent for resolutions up to 1600 x 1200
and pixel clock frequencies at 200 MHz.
schematic for the NSC demonstration board that can be
used to evaluate the LM2202/2402 combination in a monitor.
PC Board Layout Considerations
For optimum performance, an adequate ground plane, isolation between channels, good supply bypassing and minimizing unwanted feedback are necessary.Also,the length of the
signal traces from the preamplifier to the LM2402 and from
the LM2402 to the CRT cathode should be as short as possible. The red video trace from the buffer transistor to the
LM2402 input is about the absolute maximum length one
should consider on a PCB layout. If possible the traces
should actually be shorter than the red video trace. The following references are recommended for video board designers:
Ott, Henry W., “Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
“Guide to CRT VideoDesign”, National SemiconductorApplication Note 861.
“Video Amplifier Design for Computer Monitors”, National
Semiconductor Application Note 1013.
Pease, Robert A., “Troubleshooting Analog Circuits”,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
Because of its high small signal bandwidth, the part may oscillate in a monitor if feedback occurs around the video channel through the chassis wiring. To prevent this, leads to the
video amplifier input circuit should be shielded, and input circuit wiring should be spaced as far as possible from output
circuit wiring.
NSC Demonstration Board
Figures 11, 12
the NSC LM2202/2402 demonstration board. The schematic
of the board is shown in
good example of a layout that can be used as a guide for future layouts. Note the location of the following components:
C47
•
and ground pins. (
C49
•
ground. (
C46 and C77
•
V
CC
ure 11
The routing of the LM2402 outputs to the CRT is very critical
to achieving optimum performance.
routing and component placement from pin 1 to the blue
cathode. Note that the components are placed so that they
almost line up from the output pin of the LM2402 to the blue
show routing and component placement on
Figure 10
-VCCbypass capacitor, located very close to pin 6
Figure 12
-VBBbypass capacitor, located close to pin 10 and
Figure 12
clamp diodes. Veryimportant for arc protection. (
)
)
-VCCbypass capacitors, near LM2402 and
. This board provides a
)
Figure 13
Figure 10
Figure 10
shows the
is the
Fig-
.
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Page 6
Application Hints (Continued)
cathode pin of the CRT connector. This is done to minimize
the length of the video path between these two components.
The direct video path is shown in by a dark gray line through
the components and the PCB traces. Note also that D24,
D25, R58 and D19 are placed to keep the size of the video
nodes to a minimum (R58 is located under D19). This minimizes parasitic capacitance in the video path and also enhances the effectivenessof the protection diodes. The traces
in the video nodes to these components are shown by the
white line. The anode of protection diode D25 is connected
directly to the ground plane giving a short and direct path to
the LM2402 ground pins. The cathode of D24 is connected
to V
very close to decoupling capacitor C78 (
CC
which is connected to the same section of the ground plane
as D25. The diode placement and routing is very important
for minimizing the voltage stress on the LM2402 during an
arc-over event. Lastly, notice that S3 is placed very close to
the blue cathode and is tied directly to CRT ground.
Figure 13
)
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Application Hints (Continued)
DS101016-12
FIGURE 10. Demo Board Schematic
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Application Hints (Continued)
FIGURE 11. PCB Top Layer
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DS101016-13
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Application Hints (Continued)
FIGURE 12. PCB Bottom Layer
DS101016-14
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Application Hints (Continued)
FIGURE 13. PCB CRT Driver, Blue Channel Output
DS101016-15
FIGURE 14. ICCand IBBvs V
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DS101016-16
IN
Page 11
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
11 Lead Molded TO-220
NS Package Number TA11B
Order Number LM2402T
LM2402 Monolithic Triple 3 ns CRT Driver
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systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
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support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
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Corporation
Americas
Tel: 1-800-272-9959
Fax: 1-800-737-7018
Email: support@nsc.com
www.national.com
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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