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CAR ALTERNATOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR
■ FULLY MONOLI THIC D ESIGN
■ LOW SIDE FIELD DRIVER
■ THERMAL PROTECTION
■ FIELD SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION
■ PROTECTED DIAGNOSTIC LAMP DRIVER
■ PROTECTED HIGH SIDE RELAY DRIVER
■ COMPLEX DIAGNO STICS
■ LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL
■ DFM OUTPUT (FIELD MONITOR)
DESCRIPTION
The L9407F is a monolithic multifunction alternator
voltage regulator intended for use in automotive application. It inc ludes the control s ection, the field power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives a
warning lamp, and the protection against short circuits .
CIRCUIT OPERATION
The alternator's voltage regulator performs the following main functions:
– 1) voltage regulation
– 2) protection
– 3) control fault diagnosis
– 4) load response control
L9407F
PRODUCT PREVIEW
Multiwatt 8
ORDERING NUMBER: L9407F
device also with very long cables connecting the alternator to the battery with an impedance so high to
cause a superimposed ripple on the alternator voltage higher than 5-6V. Consequently it doesn't need,
in the standard application, any external component.
Anyway an external application (2.2uF or 2.7uF)
must be inserted be tween A+ and gr ound when using
the device with very long cables.
PROTECTION
It is present a protection against short circuits of the
lamp and the relay power drivers (D+) and of the field
power driver (DF), a thermal drivers shutdown protection and an overvoltage protection of D+ power
drivers.
VOLTAGE REGULATION
The alternator voltage is compared with a reference
voltage in an amplifier, whose output determines the
switching frequency of output power MOS whose
current excites the coil of the alternator; as the regulators are a self-oscillating type this frequency depends on the whole system parameter set including
DIAGNOSIS
The circuit detects fault conditions related to the
phase and DF status and receives informations from
one of the three alternator phas es. In order to prevent
spurious indications, fault warnings are not displa yed
immediately but are dalayed by a fixed time.
the alternator characteristics. The regulators have an
integrated filter in the voltage sensing path guaranteeing the correct behavio ur of the devices also when
the rectifier diodes feature very high switching
spikes. The internal filtering allows the usage of the
February 2003
This is preliminary information on a new product now in development. Details are subject to change without notice.
LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL
The internal circuit regulates the soft start characteristics (activated always at engine start) and the soft
attack characteristics.
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L9407F
PIN CONNECTION
12345678
D+
A+
NC
DF
GND
DFM
NC
PH
PIN DESCRIPTION
N° Pin Function
1 D+ Lamp terminal low side driver; relay terminal high side driver
2 A+ Alternator output voltage supply
3 NC Not connected
4 DF Field low side driver output
5 GND Ground
6 DFM Field monitor output
7 NC Not connected
8 PH Phase sense input
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
DC Supply Voltage (2 min. @ 25°C) [all pins vs. GND] 24 V
S
Transient Supply Voltage (load dump) [see application circuit]
t<500ms
Transient Supply Voltage (low energy spikes) [see application
circuit] ISO7637-1 pulse 1,2,3 /ISO7637-3
100 (clamped at 60 by
40 V
application)
V
T
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stg
P
T
, T
tot
Junction temperature range -40 to 170 °C
j
Storage and case temperature range -40 to 150 °C
case
Total
power Dissipation (@ Tcase = 150°C, Ifield = 5A)
Reverse Voltage (see application diagram) @ 25°C, T = 15 sec
all pins, except for PH (normal working condition)
DC Pin Current on DF, A+, GND (bonding limitation) 15 A
ESD Voltage MILSTD883C (All pins vs.GND) ±4 KV
8W
-2.5 V
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THERMAL DATA
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
L9407F
R
th j-case
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS
(T
= -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified)
case
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max Unit
Vbat Operating Supply Voltage 6 18 V
Ib-sinked Supply Battery Current 50 mA
Ib-stby Stand-by Current Vbat = A+, DF = 12.5V 500 uA
Vreg Regulated Volt. & Therm. Drift
fsw Switching Frequency preexcitation 30 400 Hz
Vreg Reg. Voltage without Battery Ialt = 3A resistive; Tcase=25º;
Thermal Resistance Junction to Case 0.6 °C/W
Ialt=1A-0.9*Inom; Tcase=20ºC;
1200<rpm<RPMMAX;
Vreg clamped at 14.8V Max. (Fig.3)
Delta Vrpm 1500<rpm<RPMMAX; Ialt=5A;
Tcase=23ºC
Delta Vload 5A<Ialt<Inom; rpm=6000rpm;
Tcase=23ºC
2000<rpm<RPMMAX
13.9
-4.5
14.35
-3.5
12 16 V
14.8
-2.5VmV/°C
200 mV
250 mV
Vov D+ Drivers Disable Threshold Voltage on pin A+ to have D+
Tj-sd Thermal Shut-down D+/DF = OFF STATE 180 200 220 ºC
Tj-sd-hys Thermal Shut-down hysteresis D+/DF from OFF STATE (due to
Vuv Low voltage detection
threshold
Vuv-hys Low voltage detection
threshold hysteresis
Ron LSD Low Side Driver Rdson T = 150ºC; I = 4.5A 189 mΩ
Ron LSD Low Side Driver Rdson T = 25ºC; I = 7A 107 mOhm
Vf Freewheeling diode DF I=5A 2 V
If_SCTH Short Circuit Threshold DF DF = 12V; Tcase = -40ºC 11 18 A
Vs1 Output Short to GROUND DF
Threshold
FS_duty Pre-excitation F.S.D.F. f = 333Hz +/- 15% 15.93 18.75 21.57 %
OFF
thermal shutdown) to ON STATE
D+ low side driver ON after
diagnosis delay time
D+ low side driver OFF without
delay
DF = 12V; Tcase = -25ºC 8.5 18 A
DF = 12V; Tcase = -150ºC 5.5 18 A
2.1 3.9 V
18 22 V
Tj-sd-2 Tj-sd-10 ºC
7.7 8.6 9.5 V
Vuv +
0.40
Vuv +
0.50
Vuv +
0.60
V
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L9407F
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS
(T
= -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified)
case
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max Unit
t_ST Soft Start Delay Time (see fig. 5)activated always at engine start 0 s
t_SL Soft Attack Time / Soft Start
Time (see fig. 5)
Bl Soft Attack Blind Zone percentage of maximum duty
t-rise Output Voltage Rise Time Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 6) 4 50 µs
t_fall Output Voltage Fall Time Ifield = 3A resistive (Fig. 6) 5 50 µs
If_leak Output Field Driver Leakage
Current
VH_SAT High Side Driver Saturation
VL_SAT1 Low Side Driver Saturation
VL_SAT2 Low Side Driver Saturation
Voltage (Fig. 9)
Voltage
Voltage
(continued)
from 0 to 100% field duty cycle 2.45 3 3.45 s
010%
cycle immediate variation at soft
attack
DF = 24V 1 mA
I source = 1A 1.2 V
I sink = 0.5A 2 V
I sink = 0.3A 1.5 V
VLSB Selfbias without supply Lamp
driver Voltage
IHSC High Side Driver short circuit
current (Fig. 9)
ILSC Low Side Driver short circuit
current
VthD+ Enable Regulator Voltage D+ 0.5 0.7 0.9 V
IthD+ Enable Regulator pull-down
Current D+
L-t-D Lamp on delay at Ign. switch
turn on
Vcan Test mode to cancel soft start/
attack (voltage)
VPHL1 Enable control voltage input
high threshold
t_PH PH Filtering Time 50 200 µs
VPHH1 Diagnosis phase loss input
high threshold
VPHH2 Diagnosis phase loss input low
threshold
A+ = 17.5V; D+ = GND 1.2 3 A
A+ = D+ = 17.5V 0.7 2.5 A
0.4 3.5 mA
(Fig. 7) 2 ms
(Fig. 8) 36 44 V
square wave f = 1KHz 0.67 0.795 0.92 V
9 10.25 11.5 V
guaranteed by design 4 5 6 V
4V
tPHd Diagnostic PH Filtering Time guaranteed by design 50 200 µs
I_Th-PH Phase Pull-down Current 1 8 mA
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L9407F
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS
(T
= -40ºC ÷ 150ºC; unless otherwise specified)
case
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max Unit
EN Soft start enable frequency
f_RESS_SS
DISAB Soft start enable frequency
f-dfm Output open drain switching
VL-DF-
MON
I-DF-MON Short circuit current protection V-DF-MON=24V field fully on 15 120 mA
Ilk-DF-
MON
t-TM Output voltage rise time R=2.7K Ohm; C=1nF;
t-TD Output voltage fall time R=2.7K Ohm; C=1nF;
range
Reset frequency range to
enable soft start
range
freq.
Output low voltage saturation I-sink=14mA 1.5 V
Output leakage current V-DF-MON=24V field off 0.1 mA
(continued)
Tcase = 25ºC
Tcase = -40 to150ºC
Tcase = 25ºC
Tcase = -40 to150ºC
preexc. mode; Isink=14mA 30 400 Hz
Valim=13.5V (Fig. 6)
Valim=13.5V (Fig. 6)
144
136
40 50 60 Hz
367
347
0.05 50 us
0.05 50 us
160
160
408
408
176
184
449
469
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
t-D Diagnostic Alarm Delay Time 0.15 0.5 s
Figure 1. DF Monitor Electrical configuration
L9407F
Regulator assy
Valim
Alternator
Field
A+
DF
Control
Circuit
Field driver
to the ECU
DFMon driver
R
DF_MON
C
Test circuit
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L9407F
Figure 2. Application Diagram
ignition
switch
_
+
warning
lamp
Stator
Field
D+
A+
C
L9407F
+Vb / Vcc
DF
PH
DFM
GND
to E.C.U.
Figure 3. L94 0 7F TH E R M A L C O MPENSATI ON ( Vr eg. )
15
14.5
14
14.8
14.35
13.90
14.8
14.35
13.90
13.5
13
-40 25 125
14.55
14.00
13.45
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Figure 4. Characteristics (Active always at engine start)
Ign. sw
on
off
0.5s min 0.5s min
Engine speed (rpm)
(soft at t ack inhi bi t io n Alt. spe ed )
(soft start enable Al t. speed)
L9407F
Time (sec)
Time (sec)
Field current (A)
W/Lamp
on
off
Starter on
Ign. sw on
Soft start
timing
Soft start
delay ti m e
0.15s~0.5s
E/G stop
and Ign. sw off
Engine start Engine start Engine restart
Soft attack inhibition
Alt. speed > E/G speed
Figure 5. Soft Start/attack Characteristics
Soft start
timing
Soft start
delay time
0.15s~0.5s
Starte r on
Ign. sw on
Soft attack inhibition
Alt. speed < E/G speed
E/G stop
Soft start
delay ti me
Starte r on
Soft start
timing
Time (sec)
Time (sec)
Engine
Ign. Key
W/Lamp
Ifield
DF - DFM
on
off
on
off
on
off
t_ST
Field Pre-excitation Field Regulation
Loa d O N
t_SL
Bl
Bl
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L9407F
Table 1. FAULT DETECTION TABLE
Root Cause Signal Effect Test detect
Alternator belt breaking PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg
Brushes open PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg
Driver Open PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg
Field interruption PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg
Field short circuit to the battery PH Alternator disexcitation VPH<VPHH & VA+<Vreg
Field short circuit to the ground DF Overvoltage DF<VS1 & VA+>Vreg
Battery discharge (Field Driver open) A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vreg
No fully excited A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vuv
Battery discharge A+ Undervoltage VA+<Vuv
The diagnostic result is disabled during the Soft-start dela y time t_ST and the soft-start / soft attack timing t_SL
Figure 6. Output Voltage rise/fall time (DF, DF_MON)
90%
DF
DF_MON
Voltage
10%
t-RISE
t-TM
Figure 7. Lamp on delay at Ign. switch turn on
Off
Ign. sw
W/Lamp
Off
t-FALL
t-TD
On
On
L-t-D
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Figure 8. Test mode to cancel soft start/attack
Comparator
DF_MON
Vcan
FILTER
(Delay circuit)
1~5ms
L9407F
"Cancel" signal
DF_MON
Driver
In case of L9407F,
DF_MON Voltage >= Vcan DF_MON Driver OFF
Figure 9. High Side driver saturation voltage
Regulator Assy
L9407F
A+
Control
Circuit
DF_MON Driver
Control Circuit
D+
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L9407F
DIM.
Dia1 3.65 3.85 0.144 0.152
MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.
A 5 0.197
B 2.65 0.104
C 1.6 0.063
E 0.49 0 .55 0.019 0.022
F 0.78 0.85 0.030 0.033
F1 0.68 0 .75 0.027 0.029
G 2.40 2.54 2.68 0.094 0.10 0.105
G1 17.64 17.78 17.92 0.69 0.70 0.71
H1 19.6 0.772
H2 20.2 0.795
L 20.35 20.65 0.80 0.81
L2 17.05 17.20 17.35 0.67 0.68 0.68
L3 17.25 17.5 17.75 0 .679 0.689 0.699
L4 10.3 10.7 10.9 0.406 0.421 0.429
L5
15.45
L5*
15.05
L7 2.65 2.9 0.104 0.114
S 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102
S1 1.9 2.6 0.075 0.102
U 0.40 0.55 0.015 0.022
Z 0.70 0.85 0.028 0.034
mm inch
15.75
15.35
0.61
0.59
L5 = with wedged frame std.
L5* = with wedged frame anchor holes.
OUTLINE AND
MECHANICAL DATA
0.62
0.60
Multiwatt8 (Floating)
10/11
*
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L9407F
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibilit y for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No li c ense is g r ante d
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as cri t i cal compon ents in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STM i croelect ronics.
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