Datasheet L7298, L7296-50, L7295, L7293, L6566 Datasheet (HAMAMATSU)

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Page 1

PATENTS

L2D2

LAMPS

DEUTERIUM LAMPS

The best light source is supported by the best electrode technology.

Page 2

L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )

LONG LIFE : 4000 HOURS

4 times longer guaranteed life

■ Life Characteristics

100

CONVENTIONAL

LIGHT INTENSITY (%)

TYPE

1000

TIME(hours)

L2D2 LAMP L2-2000 SERIES

2000

3000

L2D2 LAMP

L2-4000 SERIES

4000

TLSOB0050EA

The L2-4000 series lamps assure an operating life of 4000 hours-4 times longer than conventional lamps. This is the longest operating life of any deuterium lamp.

HIGH LIGHT OUTPUT : 1.3 TIMES HIGHER

1.1 times higher (L2-4000 series)

The L2-2000 series lamps produce 1.3 times higher light output than conventional lamps. The L2-4000 series lamps even offer light output 1.1 times higher than conventional lamps.

■ Radiant Output Intensity

LIGHT INTENSITY (A.U.)

190

CONVENTIONAL TYPE

210

230

250

WAVELENGTH(nm)

L2D2LAMP L2-2000 SERIES

1.3 TIMES HIGHER

270

290

(L2-2000 Series)

310

330

350

370

390

TLSOB0052EA

HIGH STABILITY : 2 TIMES STABLE

Fluctuation: 0.05 %p-p, Drift:±0.3 %/h

■ Light Output Stability

TLSOB0051EA

L2D2 LAMPS

CONVENTIONAL LAMPS

TIME (30 s/div.)

EXCELLENT TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS

1×10-5AU

Use of a ceramic structure with excellent thermal stability ensures stable lamp operation even in the presence of ambient temperature variations.

By using a newly developed ceramic structure, a uniform and optimum temperature distribution, which are the most important factor for stable operation, can be obtained. This results in fluctuations of only 0.05 %p-p in the light output, as well as a reduced drift of only ±0.3 %/h.

APPLICATIONS

UV-VIS Spectrophotometers CE(Capillary Electrophoresis) SOx/NOx Analyzers Film Thickness Measurement

SMALL INTENSITY VARIATIONS : 1/2

The spacing between electrodes is kept fixed by a molded ceramic spacer. This reduces the lamp to lamp variations in the light output to one half of that

TLSOF0138

HPLC Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers Thin Layer Chromatography

obtained with our lamps having a conventional all metal structure.

LESS MOVEMENT OF ARC EMISSION POINT

Compared to our conventional lamps

■ Intensity Variation

TLSOB0053EA

3.5

2.5

1.5

RELATIVE INTENSITY(A.U.)

0.5

190

210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390

WAVELENGTH (nm)

L2D2 LAMPS

CONVENTIONAL LAMPS

Since the ceramic structure has a small thermal expansion coefficient, there is virtually no movement of the arc emission point during operation.

1 2

Page 3

L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )

SPECIFICATIONS FOR L2D2 LAMPS

SELECTION GUIDE

SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL PURPOSE

Series

L2-4000

L2-2000

L7296-50

L6311-50

L6312-50

Type.

No.

L6565 L6566 L6301 L6302 L7298 L6303 L6304 L6305 L6306 L6307 L6308 L7296

L7295 L6309 L6310 L6311

L6312

L7293 L7292

Power

Consumption

30W

Dimen-

sional

outline

q w q q y r r w w e e y i y e e t o t o u u

Type

General Purpose

See-through

Window Material

UV glass

Synthetic silica

UV glass

Synthetic silica

UV glass

Spectral

Disiribution

185 to 400

160 to 400

185 to 400

160 to 400

185 to 400

UV glass 185 to 400

MgF

115 to 400

(nm)

Series

L2-4000

L2-2000

Aperture

Diameter

Required Dis-

charge Starting

Voltage

(mm)

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0

0.5 400

1.0 350

0.5 400

1.0

1.0 350

Min.

(V dc)

350

350 350

Cathode Rating

2.5 V/1.0 V

3.0 V/0 V to 1 V

2.5 V/1.0 V

2.5 V/1.7 V

3.0 V/0 V to 1 V 10 V/2.5 V to 6.0 V 10 V/7.0 V 12 V to 15 V/0 V

2.5 V/1.0 V

2.5 V/1.7 V

Anode

Current

Voltage

(mA dc)

300±30

Tube Drop

Typ.

(V dc)

SEE-THROUGH TYPE

The see-through type electrode structure enables straight-line arrangement of the halogen lamp, deuterium lamp, optical system and optical passage. This simplifies optical design of UV-VIS spectrophotometer etc., and eliminates loss of light amount caused by the half mirror.

Output Stability

Drift

Fluctuation

Max.

(%/ h)

±0.3

—

(p-p) Max.

(%)

0.05

—

Voltage

(V dc, ac)

2.5±0.25

3.0±0.3

2.5±0.25

3.0±0.3

10±1

12 to 15

2.5±0.25 10±1

Warm-up

Filament Ratings

Current

Typ.

(A dc, ac)

4 5

0.8

1.210±1

0.5 to 0.55

0.8

Time

Min.

(s)

An Example for optics of See-through type

TOP VIEW

SEE-THROUGH

L2D2 LAMP

Guaranteed

Operating

Current

Typ.

(A dc)

1.8

0 to1.8

1.8

3.3

0 to1.8

0.3 to 0.6

Voltage

(V dc)

1.0±0.1 0 to 1

1.0±0.1

1.7±0.2

0 to 1

2.5 to 6.0

7.0±0.5

1.0±0.1

2.5 to 6.0

1.8

0.3 to 0.6

Life

(h)

4000

2000

40˚

Conventional

Lamps

L613,L613-04

L3382-01

—

L613,L613-04

L1636

—

L1729 L3381-01 L3382-01

—

L591

L2196

— L1626 L2541 L2526 L4505

L4505-50

L4510

L4510-50

L879-01

L879

LENS

HALOGEN LAMP

TLSOC0011EF

Type.

No.

L6565 L6566 L6301 L6302 L7298 L6303 L6304 L6305 L6306 L6307 L6308 L7296

L7296-50

L7295 L6309 L6310 L6311

L6311-50

L6312

L6312-50

L7293 L7292

SEE-THROUGH TYPE

Dimen-

Series

Type.

No.

L6999

L6999-50

L2-2000 80300±30

L7307 L7174 L7306

Lamps with an aperture of 0.5 mm diameter are high brightness types. These lamps provide 1.6 times higher brightness than standard lamps with an aperture of 1.0 mm diameter. (Refer to page 8.)

NOTE

A trigger voltage higher than this value is required to start lamp discharge. For reliable lighting, an application of 500 V to 600 V is recommended. The maximum rated voltage that can be applied is 650 V.

The heater current during warming-up period is so high that the enough voltage may not be supplied to the lamp in case the cable between the lamp and the power supply is long because

of voltage drop at the cable. The power supply for the heater should be designed so as to supply specified voltage at the lamp terminal.

The lamp life end is defined as the point when the light output falls to 50 % of its initial value or when output fluctuation (p-p) exceeds 0.05 %.

L2D2 lamp does not always have a direct replacement for conventional type from its dimensional outline point of view. Please refer to page 5 and 6. Please consult with our sales offices

for further details.

sional

outline

r !0 r !0 r

Window Material

UV glass

Spectral

Disiribution

(nm)

185 to 400

Aperture

Diameter

Required Dis-

charge Starting

Voltage

(mm)

0.5 400

1.0 350

Min.

(V dc)

Anode

Current

(mA dc)

Tube

Drop

Voltage

Typ.

(V dc)

Output Stability

Drift

Max.

(%/ h)

±0.3

NOTE

Fluctuation

(p-p) Max.

(%)

0.05

Recommended operating voltage is 3.5 V ± 0.5 V.

GIn these lamps, discharge current is allowed to flow into the filament during operation so that cathode temperature is maintained at an optimum level. So there is no need for input of external

power to keep the filament heated.

Average operating life : Operating life depends on environmental conditions (vacuum atmosphere). It is recommended that these lamps be used in an oil-free environment.

*We recommend using Hamamatsu deuterium lamp power supplies in order to obtain the full performance from our lamps (Refer to page 7 and 9).

Voltage

(V dc, ac)

2.5±0.25

Warm-up

Filament Ratings

Current

Max.

(A dc, ac)

Time

Min.

(s)

Operating

Voltage

(V dc)

1.0±0.1

1.7±0.2

Current

Max.

(A dc)

1.8

3.3

Guaranteed

Life

(h)

2000

3 4

Conventional

Lamps

Type.

No.

—

— L1887

— L1886

L6999

L6999-50

L7307 L7174 L7306

Page 4

L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )

DIMENSIONAL OUTLINES

q L6301, L6302, L6565

28±1

42±2

ARC POINT

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE

: BLUE : BLUE : RED

6±1

68±2

120±5

TLSOA0040EB

w L6305, L6306, L6566

30±1

42±2

ARC POINT

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE

: BLUE : BLUE : RED

(Unit : mm)

L6307, L6308, L6309, L6310

6±1

30±1

6±1

80±2200±5

68±2160±5

42±2

ARC POINT

CONNECTION

TLSOA0041EC

FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT.GND : BLACK ANODE : RED

TLSOA0018ED

u L7292, L7293

30±1

15.0±0.5

ARC POINT

CONNECTION

L7292

FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT.GND : BLACK ANODE : RED

42±2

50±1

TLSOA0011EC TLSOA0075EA

i L7296-50

6±1

68±2120±5

ARC POINT

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE

35.0-0.1

: BLUE : BLUE : RED

30±1

-0.05

o L6311-50, L6312-50

ARC

50±1

22.0±0.1

6±1

-0.1

68±2

22.0

42.0±0.1

15±0.5

160±5

+0.15

+0.05

LIGHT OUTPUT

POINT

2- 3.3

14±1

30±1

22.0±0.1

37.0±0.1

52.0±0.5

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT • GND ANODE

6±1

60±2

160±5

: BLUE : BLACK : RED

5.0±0.5

23.0±0.05

23±0.1

LIGHT OUTPUT

+0.038

+0.020

ARC POINT

23±0.1

TLSOA0050EA

2- 3.3

+0.038

+0.020

L6303, L6304, L6999 L7306, L7307

28±1

42±2

ARC POINT

CONNECTION

L6303/L6304/L7306

FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT · GND : BLACK ANODE : RED

L6999/L7307

FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED

6±1

68±2160±5

TLSOA0020EC

t L6311, L6312r

ARC POINT

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT • GND ANODE

30±1

: BLUE : BLACK : RED

L7293

FILAMENT : BLUE FILAMENT : BLUE ANODE : RED

y L7295, L7296, L7298

!0 L6999-50, L7174

30±1

14±1

6±1

42±2

60±2160±5

15.0±0.5

42±2

ARC POINT

68±2160±5

ARC POINT

TLSOA0039ED

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT · GND ANODE

: BLUE : BLACK : RED

TLSOA0017ED

-0.05

35.0-0.1

28±1

CONNECTION FILAMENT FILAMENT ANODE

: BLUE : BLUE : RED

37.0±0.1

6±1

68±2

120±5

22.0±0.1

-0.1

22.0

LIGHT OUTPUT

50±1

22.0±0.1

TLSOA0051EA

+0.15 +0.05

ARC POINT

L7292, L7293 mounting example on the vacuum system

1 2 3

2- 3.3

4 5

a b

SCREW PORTION

1VACUUM SIDE FLANGE 2TIGHTENING SXREW 3STORRER 4ORING (JIS B2401)

CALL No. V15 15 mm I.D. 4 mm WIDTH 5SPACER

2 WINDOW

aMgF bGRADED SEAL

ARC POINT

Cross section of see-through type

40°

1.0

CERAMIC ELECTRODE (REAR PIECE)

CERAMIC ELECTRODE (CENTER PIECE)

APERTURE

0.5 or 1.0

LIGHT OUTPUT

ANODE

0.5

CATHODE

TLSOA0052EATLSOC0010EA

Page 5

L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )

POWER SUPPLY

Extremely high stability of intensity is required for deuterium lamps because of their applications. Therefore, use of a power supply designed to drive the lamps with stable operation is recommended. Hamamatsu,s power supply for deuterium lamps uses a constant-current circuit in the main power supply section and a constant-voltage circuit in the filament power supply section to assure a reliable operation. Hamamatsu offers not only OEM power supplies specially designed for your applications, as well as the following types according to the operation mode of various lamps.

SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter

Control Methode

Input

Input Voltage

(AC) 100/118/230 ±10 %

Input Wattage

With Load Without Load

Output

Anode

Output Voltage

Output Current Trigger Voltage Fluctuation (p-p) Drift Output Voltage

Heater

Output Current

Warm-up Time Ambient Temperature Cooling Dimensions (W × H × D) Weight Certification

HEATER VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

Type No.

C1518 (2.5 V)

C1518 (10 V) C1518 (SQ2.5 V) C1518 (SQ10 V)

C7860/M7628-2510

C7860/M7628-2517 C7860/M7628-3000 C7860/M7628-1035 C7860/M7628-1070 C7860/M7628-1555

NOTE A C7860 series are manufactured only when the order is placed. * Characteristics are measured at 23±1 °C after 30 min of warming up.

Voltage (V dc)

2.5 ± 0.2

10 ± 1

2.5 ± 0.2 10 ± 1

2.5 ± 0.15

2.5 ± 0.15 3 ± 0.15 10 ± 0.5 10 ± 0.5

15 ± 0.75

Warm-up

Current (A dc typ.)

C1518 C7860 M7628 Unit

Dropper Type

100

(DC) 80

(DC) 160

300

600 ± 50

0.1

±0.1 See below See below

0 to +40

Not required

200 × 107 × 240

6.7 —

0.8 4

1.2

4 5

0.8

1.2

0.5

(AC) 90 to 115/180 to 250

Operation

Voltage (V dc)

1.0 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.2

7.0 ± 0.5

1 ± 0.05

1.7 ± 0.1 0

3.5 ± 0.2

7 ± 0.35

5.5 ± 0.3

Switching Type

(Automatic)

(DC) 80

(DC) 160

300

600 ± 50

0.5

±0.1 See below See below

0 to +40

Not required

113 × 122 × 220

2.7 —

Current (A dc typ.)

1.8

0.3

3.3 1

1.8

3.3 0

0.3 1

0.3

Switching Type

(DC) 24 ± 2.4

(DC) 80

(DC) 160

300

600 ± 50

0.5

±0.1 See below See below

0 to +40

20 CMF of forced air

100 × 118 × 36.2

0.17

UL/CE

Applicable Lamps

L6565, L7293, L6999, L6999-50 L7307, L7174, L6301, L6302 L6307, L6308, L7292 L7298, L6303, L6304, L7306 L7296, L7295, L6309, L6310, L7296-50 L6565, L7293, L6999, L6999-50 L7307, L7174, L6301, L6302 L7298, L6303, L6304, L7306 L6566, L6305, L6306 L6307, L6308, L7292 L7296, L7295, L6309, L6310, L7296-50 L6311, L6311-50, L6312, L6312-50

—

VA Max.

V Typ. V Typ.

V peak

% Max.

%/h Max.

— —

s Typ.

°C —

kg —

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Spectral Distribution

Deuterium lamps emit high intensity light in the UV range at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. Light intensity on the short wavelength side is determined by the window material used.

Figure 1: Spectral Distribution

TLSOB0024ED

0.5

•nm at 30 cm)

0.1

0.05

RADIANT INTENSITY (µW/cm

0.01 160 200 240 280 320 360 400

Window Material

The following 4 types of window material are available for deuterium lamps. (1) UV glass (2) Synthetic silica (3) MgF2 Figure 2 shows the transmittance of various window materials. UV light at wavelengths shorter than 190 nm attenuates greatly due to its absorption by oxygen. To obtain the fullest performance in window transmittance, it is recommended that the inside of the equipment be filled with nitrogen or vacuum-evacuated to eliminate this absorption effect.

Figure 2: Typical Transmittance of Various Window Materials

TLSOB0038EC

100

TRANSMITTANCE (%)

●UV glass

UV glass has a higher ultraviolet transmittance than normal optical glass (borosilicate glass). It has the longest cut off wavelength of 185 nm among the four types. However the generation of ozone is lower than other window material types, it is not necessary to have special anti-ozone treatments.

●Synthetic silica

Synthetic silica is obtained by fusing a silica crystal that is artificially grown. Although its cut off wavelength is 160 nm, it contains less impurities than fused silica, and transmittance at 200 nm has been improved by approx. 50 %.

●MgF2

MgF

2 is a crystallized form of alkali metal halide that has an excellent

ultraviolet transmittance, a low deliquescence and is used as window material for vacuum ultraviolet applications. Its cut off wavelength is 115 nm.

SYNTHETIC SILICA (PROJECTING TYPE, 1 mm THICK)

UV GLASS

WAVELENGTH (nm)

MgF2

SYNTHETIC SILICA

UV GLASS

200 250 300 350150100

Light Distribution

The non-projecting type uses the side of the cylindrical glass bulb as the emission window, whilst the projecting type uses a plane glass attached to a projection on the bulb. The projecting type has a uniformed transmittance due to the plane glass. Since the window is located far from the discharge position, the amount of dirt produced by spattering from the electrodes is reduced resulting in low deterioration of light output. The non-projecting type requires less space and has a wider directivity since there is no projection, enabling effective use of emitted light. The long-nose projecting type uses an MgF2 window and is suitable for vacuum ultraviolet applications. This type is used with the tip of the nose inserted into the vacuum equipment.

Figure 3: External View

Non-projecting type Projecting type

Long-nose projecting type

TLSOF0139

Figure 4: Directivity (Light Distribution)

Non-projecting type Projecting type

30°

15°

30°

TLSOB0021EA

30°

15°

30°

TLSOB0020EA TLSOB0077EA

Projecting type

30°

20°

10°

20°

30°

Long-nose

Arc Distribution

Arc intensity is determined by the aperture (light exit) size. Figure 5 shows typical spectral distributions for lamps with different aperture sizes. At the same input current and voltage, lamps with an aperture of 0.5 mm diameter (high brightness type) provide 1.6 times higher brightness than lamps with an aperture of 1.0 mm diameter (standard type). The half width of spectral distribution also becomes narrower with a reduced aperture size. When higher intensity is required or the object to be irradiated is very small, the high brightness type is recommended.

Figure 5: Arc Distribution

APERTURE: 0.5 mm

(High Brightness Version)

0.5 mm

INTENSITY

APERTURE

APERTURE: 1.0 mm

(Standard Version)

1.0 mm

INTENSITY

APERTURE

TLSOF0150

TLSOB0049EB

C1518

TLSOF0068 TLSOF0150

C7860

M7628

Page 6

L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Construction

Figure 6 shows the external view and internal construction of a deuterium lamp. The anode has a unique structure covered with ceramic to prevent abnormal discharge, and the cathode has a highly durable electrode. Since a deuterium lamp uses the positive column flash of arc discharge, the cathode is shifted sideways and an aperture is located immediately in front of the anode so that high intensity is obtained. The aperture plate placed between anode and cathode may be used as an auxiliary electrode for lamps designed for low voltage lighting.

Figure 6: External View and Electrode Construction

External view

ELECTRODE

BULB

LEAD WIRE

Terminology

1Solarization

Transmittance of UV glass and fused silica drops when they are used over a long period. This is caused by a drop in transparency of the glass resulting from dirt on the glass and the influences of ultraviolet rays. In the worst case, the glass becomes cloudy and its life is shortened. This is called solarization, and transmittance drops, particularly in short wavelength region. This phenomenon is hardly ever seen with synthetic silica.

2Discharge starting voltage

When the cathode is sufficiently heated and ready for arc discharge, a pulse trigger voltage is applied between anode and cathode, and discharge starts. The discharge starting voltage of 30 W deuterium lamps is approx. 350 V (400 V max.). However, since the discharge starting voltage rises according to the prolongation of operation time, it is recommended that a voltage of approx. 500 V be applied to assure discharge. (The maximum applied voltage for trigger is 650 V.) The discharge starting voltage varies depending on the trigger method and trigger constant.

3Output stability

(1) Drift

Drift refers to variation of output over a long period caused as a result of the change in thermoelectron discharge characteristic of the cathode, change in gas pressure or dirt on the window. It is expressed in variation per hour. In the case of deuterium lamps, it takes 10 to 15 minutes until the inside of the lamp reaches thermal equilibrium after start of discharge, so a warm-up period of 20 to 30 minutes is required.

(2) Fluctuation

Fluctuation refers to variation of output caused by deterioration of the cathode or fluctuation of discharge position. Light output fluctuates approx. 0.05 % at intervals between a few minutes and a few hours. In addition, the position of the arc point also fluctuates.

4Life

(1)Fluctuation of light output

Life is determined by the point at which fluctuation combining fluctuation and shift exceeds 0.05 %p-p.

(2)Drop of light output

Life is determined by the point at which the total emitted energy drops to 50 % of the initial level. As described earlier, decrease in light output is caused mainly by solarization and dirt inside the window. The life specified is 2000 hours for L2-2000 series, and 4000 hours for L2-4000 series.

Construction

LIGHT OUTPUT

CERAMIC ELECTRODE (REAR PIECE)

ANODE

APERTURE

CERAMIC ELECTRODE (CENTER PIECE)

CATHODE

BULB

TLSOC0030EA

Discharging the L2D2 Lamps

In deuterium lamps, an aperture electrode is placed between cathode and anode to compress the discharge, so that high light intensity is obtained. This required, a high voltage trigger discharge across cathode and anode. In general, a typical power supply for deuterium lamps consists of the following three power supplies.

● Constant current power supply of 300 mA (open voltage about 150 V)

● Trigger power supply of 500 to 600 V peak

● Power supply for the heater (about 10 W)

However, in view of the need for cost reduction, safety and downsizing, lamp manufactures are evaluating methods that eliminate the trigger power supply. One of these is the use of an auxiliary electrode. In this approach, the electrical energy from a constant current power supply of 150 V/300 mA (main power supply) is stored in a trigger capacitor and then is discharged between lamp shield box and cathode. This generates ions and momentarily reduces the impedance between anode and cathode, leading to the main discharge. However, because this trigger discharge occurs only at a restricted point near the cathode, it is a less reliable triggering method. In the L2D2 lamp, ceramic insulators are used as part of the electrode support, so that the aperture potential is isolated from the shield box potential. Since this aperture electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, the trigger discharge can be guided to the aperture, allowing operation at a voltage 40 to 50 V lower than that of a conventional lamp. This also results in higher reliability of the triggering operation. Thus, the greatest advantage of the auxiliary electrode is that no trigger power supply is necessary. The circuit shown on the below, resulting both a cost reduction and downsizing of the power supply.

Figure 7: Example Circuit Diagram

Auxiliary electrode operation

•

R (5 kΩ)

TRIGGER

SWITCH

(<3 kΩ)

300mA CONSTANTCURRENT POWER SUPPLY (150 to 160 V dc)

Conventional circuit

•

TRIGGER SWITCH

TRIGGER POWER SUPPLY (500 to 600 V dc)

When the L2D2 lamp series with an aperture size of 0.5 mm diameter will be operated by the circuit as shown above, it is recommended to employ CR constant as R ignition.

(1 to5 kΩ)

(0.2 to 0.5 µF)

T=1 kΩ and CT=0.5 µF to obtain the reliable lamp

(>0.1 µF)

300mA CONSTANTCURRENT POWER SUPPLY (150 to 160 V dc)

ANODE

DEUTERIUM LAMP

CATHODE

HEATER POWER SUPPLY

ANODE

DEUTERIUM LAMP

CATHODE

HEATER POWER SUPPLY

TLSOC0019EB

TLSOC0020EB

OPERATING TEMPERATURE

PRECAUTION AND WARRANTY

Optimum Operating Temperature

To obtain high stability and long operating life, adequate care must be paid to operating conditions including the operating temperature of the lamp. Although the lamp,s bulb wall temperature (Tb) rises as the ambient temperature (Ta) rises, the bulb wall temperature of conventional deuterium lamps normally rises to approx. +200 °C (direct-heated cathode type) to 240 °C (SQ cathode type) when the ambient temperature is +25 °C. Moreover, the bulb wall temperature of the L2D2 lamps rises even further by +50 °C reaching +280 °C due to the way in which the electrode is constructed. (Bulb wall temperature (Tb) also differs depending on the lamp type and heater voltage as well as lamp housing.) Although the operating temperature of Hamamatsu L2D2 lamps has been designed based on lamps operated under normal temperature, the temperature range given in the table below is recommended as the allowable operating temperature range enabling the use of the lamps over a long period of time with high stability.

Table1: Allowable Operating Temperature Range for Deuterium Lamps

Lamp Type

Cathode Type

Ambient temperature: Ta

Bulb wall temperature: Tb

Maximum allowable bulb wall temperature: Tb Max.

Temperature enclosed by ( ) indicates the optimum ambient

temperature.

Ta: Temperature measured at a position 2.5 cm (1 inch) away from the bulb wall

Tb: Temperature on the bulb wall (cathode side)

L2D2 Lamp

All Cathode type

+10 °C to +50 °C

(+20 °C to +30 °C)*

+245 °C to +280 °C

+290 °C Max.

2.5 cm

(1inch)

As the ambient temperature (Ta) rises, cathode temperature increases, resulting in evaporation of the cathode. If the ambient temperature (Ta) drops, the gas pressure inside the bulb is reduced increasing the kinetic energy of the gas and ions causing sputtering of the cathodes thermionic coating. In both cases, the gas inside the bulb is rapidly consumed. This deteriorates the stability and intensity. Thereby drastically shortening the operating life. For stable operation of deuterium lamps, care should be paid to the installation of the lamps so that the bulb wall temperature (Tb) does not exceed +290 °C.

Warranty

Precautions When Using Deuterium Lamps

Deuterium lamps emit ultraviolet rays which can be harmful to your eyes and skin. Never look directly at the emitted lights, nor should you allow it to come into contact with your skin. Always wear protective goggles and clothing when operating the lamps. Since the bulb wall reaches a very high temperature (over +200 °C) when the lamp is on, do not touch it with bare hands or bring flammable objects near it. Do not exert mechanical vibration or shock on the lamp, otherwise the stability will deteriorate. Silica glass graded sealing. In the case of bulbs using silica glass, the window is formed by connecting different glass sections having slightly different expansion rates. Since the mechanical strength of these seams is low, the bulb fixing method should be so arranged that no force is exerted on these seams during fixing or operation. Before turning on the lamp, wipe the bulb and window gently with alcohol or acetone. Dirt on the window will cause deterioration of the UV transmission, so always wear gloves when handling the lamp. High voltage is used to operate the lamp. Use extreme caution to prevent electric shocks.

The warranty period will be one year after our shipment to original purchaser or guaranteed life time whichever comes first. The warranty is limited to replacement of the faulty lamp. Faults resulting from natural disasters and incorrect usage will also be excluded from warranty.

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L2D2 Lamps (Deuterium Lamps )