• Internal R/C filter which eliminates the Need for an
External R/C filter
• Overvoltage Comparator eliminates Runaway Output
Voltage
• Zero Current Detector
• One Quadrant Multiplier
• Trimmed 1.5% Internal Bandgap Re fe rence
• Under Voltage Lock Out with 5V of Hystere si s
• Totem Pole Output with High State Clamp
• Low Startup and Operating Current
• 8-Pin DIP or 8-Pin SOP
Applications
• Electronic Ballast
•SMPS
Descriptions
The KA7526 provides simple a nd high performance active
power factor correction. KA7526 is optimized for electronic
ballast and low power, high density power supplies requiring
a minimum board area, reduced component cou nt an d lo w
power dissipation. Addition of internal R/C filter eliminates
the need for an external R/C filter. Internal clamping of the
error amplifier and multiplier outputs improves turn on overshoot characteristics and current limiting. Special circuitry
has also been added to prevent no load runaway conditions.
The output drive clamping circuit limits overshoot of the
power MOSFET gate drive Independent of suppl y volt a ge ,
so that it greatly enhance the system reliability.
UVLO8/13V
Multiplier Input Range (Vm1)0 ~ 3.8V
Multiplier Input Range (Vm2)Vref ~ Verf + 2V
Maximum Current Sense Voltage1.65V
2
Page 3
PIN Assignments
KA7526
Vcc
8INV
OUT
7
GND
6
Idet
EA OUT
MULT
CS
1
2
3
45
(Top View)
Pin Definitions
Pin NumberPin NamePin Function Descrition
Inverting input of the error amplifier. The output of the boost
1 INV
2EA OUT
3MULT
4CS
5Idet
6GNDThe ground potential of all the pins.
7OUT
8V
CC
converter should be resistively divided to 2.5V and con nected to this pin.
The output of the error amplifier. A feedback compensation
network is placed between this pin and the INV pin
Input to the multiplier stage. The full-wave rectified AC is
divided to less than 3.8V and is connected to this pin.
Input to the PWM comparator. The Current is sensed in the boost
stage by a resistor in the source lead of MOSFET. An internal leading
edge blanking circuitry has been included to reject any high
frequency noise present on the current waveform.
The zero current detector senses the inductor current by monitoring
when the boost inductor auxilary winding voltage falls below 1.8V.
The output of a high-current power driver capable of driving
the gate of a power MOSFET.
Figure 2. Multiplier Input Voltage vs C.S. Threshold
Fig4. Reference Voltage vs Temperature
2.54
2.53
2.52
2.51
2.50
2.49
2.48
Reference Voltage(V)
2.47
2.46
2.45
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperat ure(℃)
Figure 3. Supply Current vs Supply Voltage
Fig5. Start-up Threshold vs Temperature
13.4
13.3
13.2
13.1
13.0
12.9
12.8
Start-Up Threshold Voltage(V)
12.7
12.6
12.5
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 5. Start-Up Threshold vs Temperature
Figure 4. Reference Voltage vs Temperature
Fig6. UVLockout Hysteresis vsTemperature
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
UV Lockout H ys te resis(V)
4.0
3.5
-40-200 20406080100120140
Ambient Temperature (℃)
Figure 6. UV Lockout Hysteresis vs Temperature
7
Page 8
KA7526
e
Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Fig7. Start-up Supply Current vs Temperature
0.40
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.24
0.20
0.16
0.12
Start-up Supply Current(mA)
0.08
0.04
0.00
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 7. Start-Up Supply Current vs Temperature
Fig9. Sink Current vs Temperature
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
EA Sink Current(mA)
2
1
0
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Fig8. E.A. Source Current vs Temperature
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
EA Source Current(mA)
-8
-9
-10
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 8. EA Source Current vs Temperature
Fig.10 InputBias Current vs Temperature
0.5
0.4
0.3
)
0.2
㎂
0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
EA Input Bias Current(
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 9. EA Sink Current vs Temperature
Fig.11 Multiplier Gain vsTemperature
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
Multiplier Gain(1/V)
0.50
0.45
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 11. Multiplier Gain vs Temperature
8
Figure 10. EA Input Bias Current vs Temperatur
Fig.12 Idet Threshold High vs Temperature
1.92
1.88
1.84
1.80
1.76
Idet Threshold High(V)
1.72
1.68
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 12. Idet Threshold Volyage vs Temperature
Page 9
Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
KA7526
Fig.13 Idet Input Hysteresisvs Temperature
400
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
Idet Input Hyster esis(mV)
80
40
0
-40-200 20406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 13. Idet Input Hysteresis vs Temperature
Fig.15 Max.Mult. OutputVoltage vs Temperature
1.85
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
1.55
Max. Multi Output Voltage(V)
1.50
1.45
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Fig.14 Restart Time vs Temperature
600
500
400
)
㎲
300
Restart Time(
200
100
0
-40-200 20406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 14. Restart Time vs Temperature
Fig.16 Supply Current vs Temperature
8
7
6
5
4
3
Supply Current(mA)
2
1
0
-40-20020406080100120140
Ambient Temperature(℃)
Figure 15. Max.Mult.Output Voltage vs Temperature
Figure 16. Supply Current vs Temperature
9
Page 10
KA7526
Operating Description
KA7526 is high performance, critical conduction, current-mode power facto r contro ller specifically designed for use in offline active preconverters with minimal external components. This device provides the necessary features which are required to
significantly en-hance poor power factor loads by keeping the ac line current sinusoidal and in phase with the line voltage.
KA7526 contains many of the building blocks and protection features that are employed in modern high performance current
mode power supply controllers. A description of each of the function blocks is given below.
START-UP
An Undervoltage Lockout comparator has been incorporated to guarantee that IC is fully functional before enabling the output
stage. The positive power supply terminal (Vcc) is monitored by the UVLO comparator with the upper threshold set at 13V
and the lower threshold at 8V. In the stand-by mode, with Vcc at 12.5V, the required supply current is less than 0.3mA . This
large hysteresis and low start-up current allow the implementation of efficient bootstrap start-up techniques, making this
device ideally suited for wide range off-line preconverter applications.
Fig.1.1 shows the start-up circuit. Circuit operation is as follows:
The start-up capacitor (Cst) is charged by current through start-up resistor (Rst) minus the start-up current drawn by the IC.
Once the capacitor voltage reaches the start-up threshold, the IC turns on, starting the switching of the MOSFET. The operation of the IC demands an increase in operating current which results in discharging the capacitor. Before the start-up capacitor
voltage is dischar g ed below hyste res is vol tage, the auxi liar y wind ing voltag e takes over as the su pply vo lta ge as sho wn in F ig.
1.2.
AC
input
Vstart
Vcc
Rst
Cst
+
DVcc
Vcc
Fig.1.1 Start-up Circuit
Cst discharges
Hysteresis
Cst charges
from Rst
Fig.1.2 Star t-up Capacitor Voltage
Out
KA7526
t
10
Page 11
KA7526
Error Amplifier
An Error Amplifier with access to the inverting input and output is provided. The noninverting input is internally biased at
2.5V and is not pinned out. The output voltage of the power factor converter is typically divided down and monitored by the
inverting input. The error amp output is internally connected to the multiplier and is pinned out for external loop compensation. Typically, the loopbandwidth is set below 20Hz, so that the amplifer’s output voltage is relatively constant over a given ac
line cycle. In effect, the error amp monitors the average output voltage of the converter over several line cycles. Input bias current(0.5uA, max) can cause an output voltage error that is equal to the product of the input bias current and the value of the
upper divider resistor, R1 in Fig. 2.1.
1.8V
Over Voltage
Comparator
+
R1
+
R2
R3
INV
Band width= 1/(2π×R1×Ccomp)
Fig.2.1 Error Amp and Over Voltage Comparator
-
Vref
+
-
1
Ccomp
2
EA OUT
Vref
+
To Drive
Output Shutdown
_
x
To Multiplier
Over Voltage Protection
The low bandwidth (typically below 20Hz) characteristic of Error Amplifier control loop results in output voltage runaway
condition. This condition can occur during initial start-up, sudden load removal, or during output arcing. The over voltage
comparator monitors the output voltage of the error amplifier. When load is removed, error amp output swings lower than
1.8V, comparator is triggered high and output driver is turned off till the error amp inverting input voltage drops below 2.5V.
At this point, the error amp output swings positive, turns the output driver back on. .
Multiplier
A single quadrant, two input multiplier is the critical element that enables this device to get power factor correction. One input
of multiplier(Pin 3) is connected to an external resistor divider which monitors the rectified ac line. The other input is internally driven by a DC voltage which is the difference of error amplifier output (Pin 2) and reference voltage, Vref. The multiplier is designed t o have an ext reme ly lin ear t ransf er cur ve ov er a w ide dy namic range , 0V to 3.8V for Pi n 3, a nd 2.5V to 4. 5V
for error amplifier output under all line and load conditions.
The multiplier output controls the current sense comparator threshold as the ac voltage traverses sinusoidally from zero to
peak line. This allows the inductor peak current to follow the ac line thus forcing the average input current to be sinusoidal. In
other words, this has the effect of forcing the MOSFET on-time to track the input line voltage, resulting in a fixed drive output
on-time, thus making the preconverter load appear to be resistive to the ac line.
The equation below describes the relationship between multiplier output and inputs.
Vmo = K × Vm1 × (Vm2-Vref)
K : Multiplier gain
Vm1: Voltage at Pin 3
Vm2: Error amp output voltage
Vmo: Multiplier output voltage
11
Page 12
KA7526
Current Sense
Comparator
-
+
CS
+
4
3
MULT
1.65V
Vm1
Vmo
Vref
+
Error Amp
Vm2
+
2
EA OUT
.
+
-
1
INV
Fig.3.1 Multiplier Block
Current Sense Comparator
The current sense comparator adopt the RS latch configuration to ensure that only a single pulse appears at the drive output
during a given cycle. MOSFET drain current is converted to voltage using an external sense resistor in series with the external
power MOSFET. When sense voltage exceeds the threshold set by the multiplier output, the current sense comparator terminates the gate drive to the MOSFET and resets the PWM latch. The latch insures that the output remains in a low state after the
MOSFET drain current falls back to zero.
The peak inductor current under normal operating conditions is controlled by the mu ltiplier output , Vmo.
Abnormal operating conditions occur during preconverter start-up at extremely high line or as output voltage sensing is lost.
Under these conditions, the multiplier output and current sense threshold will be internally clamped to 1.65V. Therefore, the
maximum peak switch current is limited to:
Ipk(max) = 1.65V / Rsense
An internal R/C filter has been included to attenuate any high frequency noise that may be present on the current waveform.
This circuit block eliminates the need for an external R/C filter otherwise required for proper operation of the circuit.
12
cs
Multiplier
Output
4
Rsense
+
-
1.65V
Fig. 4.1 Current Sense Circuit
External R/C Filter
can be eliminated
Page 13
KA7526
Zero Current Detector
KA7526 operates as a critical conduction current mode controller. The power MOSFET is turned on by the zero current detector and turned off when the peak inductor current reaches the threshold level established by the multiplier output. The slope of
the inductor current is indirectly detected by monitoring the voltage across a separate winding and connecting it to the zero
current detector Pin 5.
Once the inductor current reaches ground level, the voltage across the winding reverses polarity. When the Idet input falls
below 1.8V, the comparator output is triggered to the low state.
To prevent false tripping, 240mV of hysteresis is provided. The zero current detector input is internally protected by two
clamps.
The upper 7.5V clamp prevents input over voltage breakdown while the lower 0.75V clamp prevents substrate injec tion. An
internal current limit resistor protects the lower clamp transistor in case the Idet pin is accidently shorted to ground.
A watchdog timer function was added to the IC to eliminate the need for an external oscillator when used in stand-alone applications. The timer provides a means to automatically start or restart the preconverter if the drive output has been off for more
than 300us after the inductor current reaches zero.
Drive Output
The KA7526 contains a single totem-pole output stage specifically designed for direct drive of power MOSFET. The drive
output is capable of up to 500mA peak current with a typical rise and fall time of 130ns, 50ns each with a 1.0nF load. Additional internal circuitry has been added to keep the drive output in a sinking mode whenever the UVLO is active. This characteristic eliminates the need for an external gate pull-down resistor. Internal voltage clamping ensures that output driver is
always lower than 13V when supply voltage variation exceeds more than rated Vgs threshold (typ 20V) of the external MOSFET. This eliminates an external zener diode and extra power dissipation associated with it that otherwise is required for reliable circuit operation.
FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURT HER NOTICE TO ANY
PRODUCTS HEREI N TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTIO N OR DESIGN. FAIRCH IL D DOES NOT ASSUME ANY
LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER
DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER IT S PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHE RS.
LIFE SUPPORT POL I CY
FAIRCHILD’S PR ODUCTS ARE NOT AUTH ORIZED FOR USE AS C RITICAL COMPONENT S IN LIFE SUPPORT DE VICES
OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR
INTERNATIONAL. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems
which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body,
or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to
perform when properly used in accordance with
2. A critical component in any component of a life support
device or sy stem whose fai lure to perform can be
reasonably expec ted to cause the failur e of the life support
device or system, or to affect its safety or effec t iv ene ss .
instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the
user.
www.fairchildsemi.com
9/25/00 0.0m 001
2000 Fairchild Semiconductor International
Stock#DSxxxxxxxx
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