• First Reading Overrange Recovery in One Conversion
Period
• Guaranteed Zero Reading for 0V Input on All Scales
• True Polarity at Zero for Precise Null Detection
• 1pA Typical Input Current
• True Differential Input and Reference, Direct Displa y Drive
- LCD ICL7136
- LED lCL7137
• Low Noise - Less Than 15µV
P-P
• On Chip Clock and Reference
• No Additional Active Circuits Required
• Low Power - Less Than 1mW
• Surface Mount Package Available
• Drop-In Replacement for ICL7126, No Changes Needed
Ordering Information
TEMP.
PART NUMBER
ICL7136CPL0 to 7040 Ld PDIPE40.6
ICL7136RCPL0 to 7040 Ld PDIP (Note) E40.6
ICL7136CM440 to 7044 Ld MQFPQ44.10x10
ICL7137CPL0 to 7040 Ld PDIPE40.6
ICL7137RCPL0 to 7040 Ld PDIP (Note) E40.6
ICL7137CM440 to 7044 Ld MQFPQ44.10x10
NOTE: “R” indicates device with reversed leads.
RANGE (oC)PACKAGEPKG. NO.
Description
The Intersil ICL7136 and ICL7137 are high performance, low
power 31/2 digit, A/D converters. Included are seven segment decoders, display drivers, a reference, and a clock.
The ICL7136 is designed to interface with a liquid crystal display (LCD) and includes a multiplexed backplane drive; the
ICL7137 will directly drive an instrument size, light emitting
diode (LED) display.
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 bring together a combination of
high accuracy, versatility, and true economy. It features autozero to less than 10µV, zero drift of less than 1µV/
bias current of 10pA (Max), and rollover error of less than
one count. True differential inputs and reference are useful in
all systems, but give the designer an uncommon advantage
when measuring load cells, strain gauges and other bridge
type transducers. Finally, the true economy of single power
supply operation (ICL7136), enables a high performance
panel meter to be built with the addition of only 10 passive
components and a display.
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 are improved versions of the
ICL7126, eliminating the overrange hangover and hysteresis
effects, and should be used in its place in all applications. It
can also be used as a plug-in replacement for the ICL7106
in a wide variety of applications, changing only the passive
components.
o
C, input
Pinouts
(PDIP)
TOP VIEW
1
V+
2
D1
3
C1
4
B1
(1’s)
(10’s)
(100’s)
(1000) AB4
(MINUS)
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
1. Input voltages may exceed the supply voltages provided the input current is limited to ±100µA.
2. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications (Note 3)
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Zero Input ReadingVIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV-000.0 ±000.0 +000.0Digital
Ratiometric ReadingVlN = V
Rollover Error-VIN = +VlN≅ 200mV Difference in Reading for Equal
Positive and Negative Inputs Near Full Scale
LinearityFull Scale = 200mV or Full Scale = 2V Maximum
Deviation from Best Straight Line Fit (Note 5)
Common Mode Rejection RatioVCM = ±1V, VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV (Note 5)-50-µV/V
NoiseVIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV (Peak-To-Peak Value Not
Exceeded 95% of Time) (Note 5)
Leakage Current InputVlN = 0V (Note 5)-110pA
Zero Reading DriftVlN = 0V, 0oC To 70oC (Note 5)-0.21µV/oC
Scale Factor Temperature CoefficientVIN = 199mV, 0oC To 70oC, (Ext. Ref. 0ppm/oC) (Note 5)-15ppm/oC
COMMON Pin Analog Common Voltage 25kΩ Between Common and Positive Supply (With
Respect to + Supply)
Temperature Coefficient of Analog
Common
SUPPLY CURRENT ICL7136
V+ Supply CurrentVIN = 0 (Does Not Include Common Current) 16kHz
SUPPLY CURRENT ICL7137
V+ Supply CurrentVIN = 0 (Does Not Include Common Current) 16kHz
V- Supply Current-40-µADISPLAY DRIVER ICL7136 ONLY
Peak-To-Peak Segment Drive Voltage
3. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to both the ICL7136 and ICL7137 at TA = 25oC, f
circuit of Figure 1. ICL7137 is tested in the circuit of Figure 2.
4. Back plane drive is in phase with segment drive for ‘off’ segment, 180 degrees out of phase for ‘on’ segment. Frequency is 20 times
conversion rate. Average DC component is less than 50mV.
5. Not tested, guaranteed by design.
6. 48kHz oscillator increases current by 20µA (Typ).
= 48kHz. ICL7136 is tested in the
CLOCK
Typical Applications and Test Circuits
IN
C
5
C
2
IN HI
IN LO
101112
9V
+
-
R
2
C
3
28
29
27262524232221
V-
INT
A-Z
BUFF
F2
E2
A2
D3
13
14151617181920
DISPLAY
G2
B3
C1= 0.1µF
C2= 0.47µF
C3= 0.047µF
C3
A3
G3
BP
C4= 50pF
C5= 0.01µF
R1= 240kΩ
R2= 180kΩ
F3
E3
AB4
POL
R3= 180kΩ
R4= 10kΩ
R5= 1MΩ
+ -
R
C
+
REF
C
5
1
-
REF
COM
C
R
1
R
C
4
OSC 3
TEST
4
REF HI
REF LO
R
3
4039383736353433323130
OSC 1
OSC 2
ICL7136
V+
D1C1B1
123456789
F1
G1
E1
D2C2B2
DISPLAY
A1
FIGURE 1. ICL7136 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICA TION WITH LCD DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL SCALE
+5V-5V
R
1
R
R
3
4
C
4
+ -
IN
R
5
C
5
R
C
1
2
C
C
2
3
DISPLAY
C1= 0.1µF
C2= 0.47µF
IN LO
28
29
27262524232221
V-
INT
A-Z
BUFF
F2
E2
A2
D3
13
14151617181920
G2
B3
C3= 0.047µF
C3
A3
G3
GND
C4= 50pF
C5= 0.01µF
R1= 240kΩ
R2= 180kΩ
F3
E3
AB4
POL
R3= 180kΩ
R4= 10kΩ
R5= 1MΩ
4039383736353433323130
OSC 2
OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
OSC 1
+
REF
C
REF LO
-
REF
C
COM
IN HI
ICL7137
V+
D1C1B1
123456789
F1
G1
E1
D2C2B2
101112
DISPLAY
A1
FIGURE 2. ICL7137 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICA TION WITH LED DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL SCALE
3
Page 4
Design Information Summary Sheet
• OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
= 0.45/RC
f
OSC
C
> 50pF; R
OSC
f
(Typ) = 48kHz
OSC
• OSCILLATOR PERIOD
= RC/0.45
t
OSC
• INTEGRATION CLOCK FREQUENCY
CLOCK
= f
OSC
f
• INTEGRATION PERIOD
= 1000 x (4/f
t
INT
• 60/50Hz REJECTION CRITERION
t
INT/t60Hz
or t
• OPTIMUM INTEGRATION CURRENT
= 1µA
I
INT
• FULL SCALE ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
(Typ) = 200mV or 2V
V
lNFS
• INTEGRATE RESISTOR
V
R
INT
---------------- -=
INFS
I
INT
• INTEGRATE CAPACITOR
t
()I
()
C
INT
INT
--------------------------------=
V
INT
• INTEGRATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
t
()I
()
V
•V
INT
INT
INT
--------------------------------=
C
INT
MAXIMUM SWING:
(V- + 0.5V) < V
> 50kΩ
OSC
/4
)
OSC
lNT/t50Hz
INT
INT
INT
= Integer
< (V+ - 0.5V), V
(Typ) = 2V
INT
ICL7136, ICL7137
• DISPLAY COUNT
COUNT1000
• CONVERSION CYCLE
= t
t
CYC
t
= t
CYC
when f
OSC
• COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE
(V- + 1V) < V
• AUTO-ZERO CAPACITOR
0.01µF < C
• REFERENCE CAPACITOR
0.1µF < C
•V
COM
Biased between V+ and V-.
•V
• ICL7136 POWER SUPPLY: SINGLE 9V
• ICL7136 DISPLAY: LCD
• ICL7137 POWER SUPPLY: DUAL ±5.0V
• ICL7137 DISPLAY: LED
≅ V+ - 2.8V
COM
Regulation lost when V+ to V- < ≅6.8V.
If V
COM
the V
COM
V+ - V- = 9V
Digital supply is generated internally
V
TEST
Type: Direct drive with digital logic supply amplitude.
V+ = +5V to GND
V- = -5V to GND
Digital Logic and LED driver supply V+ to GND
18V+SupplyPower Supply.
29D1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “D” of the display units digit.
310C1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “C” of the display units digit.
411B1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “B” of the display units digit.
512A1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “A” of the display units digit.
613F1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “F” of the display units digit.
714G1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “G” of the display units digit.
815E1OutputDriver Pin for Segment “E” of the display units digit.
916D2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “D” of the display tens digit.
1017C2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “C” of the display tens digit.
1118B2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “B” of the display tens digit.
1219A2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “A” of the display tens digit.
1320F2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “F” of the display tens digit.
1421E2OutputDriver Pin for Segment “E” of the display tens digit.
1522D3OutputDriver pin for segment “D” of the display hundreds digit.
1623B3OutputDriver pin for segment “B” of the display hundreds digit.
1724F3OutputDriver pin for segment “F” of the display hundreds digit.
1825E3OutputDriver pin for segment “E” of the display hundreds digit.
1926AB4OutputDriver pin for both “A” and “B” segments of the display thousands digit.
2027POLOutputDriver pin for the negative sign of the display.
2128BP/GNDOutputDriver pin for the LCD backplane/Power Supply Ground.
2229G3OutputDriver pin for segment “G” of the display hundreds digit.
2330A3OutputDriver pin for segment “A” of the display hundreds digit.
2431C3OutputDriver pin for segment “C” of the display hundreds digit.
2532G2OutputDriver pin for segment “G” of the display tens digit.
2634V
2735INTOutputIntegrator amplifier output. To be connected to integrating capacitor.
2836BUFFOutputInput buffer amplifier output. To be connected to integrating resistor.
2937A-ZInputIntegrator amplifier input.To be connected to auto-zero capacitor.
30
31
3240COMMONSupply/
33
34
35
36
373TESTInputDisplay test. Turns on all segments when tied to V+.
38
39
40
38
39
41
42
43
44
4
6
7
NAMEFUNCTIONDESCRIPTION40 PIN DIP
-
IN LO
IN HI
C
REF
C
REF
REF LO
REF HI
OSC3
OSC2
OSC1
SupplyNegative power supply.
InputDifferential inputs. To be connected to input voltage to be measured. LO and HI
designators are for reference and do not imply that LO should be connected to
lower potential, e.g., for negative inputs IN LO has a higher potential than IN HI.
Internal voltage reference output.
Output
-
+
InputInput pins for reference voltage to the device. REF HI should be positive
Output
Output
Input
Connection pins for reference capacitor.
reference to REF LO.
Device clock generator circuit connection pins.
5
Page 6
ICL7136, ICL7137
Detailed Description
Analog Section
Figure 3 shows the Analog Section for the ICL7136 and
ICL7137. Each measurement cycle is divided into four
phases. They are (1) auto-zero (A-Z), (2) signal integrate
(INT) and (3) de-integrate (DE), (4) zero integrate (ZI).
Auto-Zero Phase
During auto-zero three things happen. First, input high and low
are disconnected from the pins and internally shorted to analog
COMMON. Second, the reference capacitor is charged to the
reference voltage. Third, a feedback loop is closed around the
system to charge the auto-zero capacitor C
for offset voltages in the buff er amplifier , integr ator , and comparator. Since the comparator is included in the loop , the A-Z accuracy is limited only by the noise of the system. In any case, the
offset referred to the input is less than 10µV.
Signal Integrate Phase
During signal integrate, the auto-zero loop is opened, the
internal short is removed, and the internal input high and low
are connected to the external pins. The converter then
integrates the differential voltage between IN HI and IN LO
for a fixed time. This differential voltage can be within a wide
common mode range: up to 1V from either supply. If, on the
other hand, the input signal has no return with respect to the
converter power supply, IN LO can be tied to analog
COMMON to establish the correct common mode voltage. At
the end of this phase, the polarity of the integrated signal is
determined.
De-Integrate Phase
The final phase is de-integrate, or reference integrate. Input
low is internally connected to analog COMMON and input
to compensate
AZ
high is connected across the previously charged reference
capacitor. Circuitry within the chip ensures that the capacitor
will be connected with the correct polarity to cause the
integrator output to return to zero. The time required for the
output to return to zero is proportional to the input signal.
Specifically the digital reading displayed is:
V
IN
DISPLAY READING = 1000
---------------
V
.
REF
Zero Integrator Phase
The final phase is zero integrator. First, input low is shorted to
analog COMMON. Second, the reference capacitor is charged
to the reference voltage. Finally, a feedback loop is closed
around the system to IN HI to cause the integrator output to
return to zero. Under normal conditions, this phase lasts for
between 11 to 140 clock pulses, but after a “heavy” overrange
conversion, it is e xtended to 740 clock pulses .
Differential Input
The input can accept differential voltages anywhere within the
common mode range of the input amplifier, or specifically from
0.5V below the positive supply to 1V abov e thenegative supply.
In this range, the system has a CMRR of 86dB typical. However, care must be exercised to assure the integrator output
does not saturate. A worst case condition would be a large positive common mode voltage with a near full scale negative differential input voltage. The negative input signal drives the
integrator positive when most of its swing has been used up by
the positive common mode voltage. For these critical applications the integrator output swing can be reduced to less than
the recommended 2V full scale swing with little loss of accuracy. The integrator output can swing to within 0.3V of either
supply without loss of linearity .
IN HI
COMMON
IN LO
STRAYSTRAY
+
REF
A-Z
REF HI
34
C
V+
10µA
31
INT
32
INT
30
C
REF
REF LO
36
A-Z,A-Z,
ZIZI
DE-DE+
A-Z AND DE(±)
AND ZI
FIGURE 3. ANALOG SECTION OF ICL7136 AND ICL7137
35
DE-DE+
33
R
INT
-
C
REF
-
+
INPUT
HIGH
N
26
V-
BUFFER
282927
-
+
V+
1
2.8V
C
AZ
A-ZINT
INTEGRATOR
6.2V
INPUT
LOW
A-Z
ZI
-
+
COMPARATOR
C
INT
-
+
TO
DIGITAL
SECTION
6
Page 7
ICL7136, ICL7137
Differential Reference
The reference voltage can be generated an ywhere within the
power supply voltage of the conver ter. The main source of
common mode error is a roll-over voltage caused by the
reference capacitor losing or gaining charge to stray capacity
on its nodes. If there is a large common mode voltage, the
reference capacitor can gain charge (increase voltage) when
called up to de-integrate a positive signal but lose charge
(decrease voltage) when called up to de-integrate a negative
input signal. This difference in reference for positive or
negative input voltage will give a roll-over error. However, by
selecting the reference capacitor such that it is large enough
in comparison to the stray capacitance, this error can be
held to less than 0.5 count worst case. (See Component
Value Selection.)
Analog COMMON
This pin is included primarily to set the common mode
voltage for battery operation (ICL7136) or for any system
where the input signals are floating with respect to the power
supply. The COMMON pin sets a voltage that is approximately 2.8V more negative than the positive supply. This is
selected to give a minimum end-of-life battery voltage of
about 6.8V. However, analog COMMON has some of the
attributes of a reference voltage. When the total supply
voltage is large enough to cause the zener to regulate (>7V),
the COMMON voltage will have a low voltage coefficient
(0.001%/V), low output impedance (≅15Ω), and a
temperature coefficient typically less than 150ppm/
o
C.
The limitations of the on chip reference should also be
recognized, however. With the ICL7137, the internal heating
which results from the LED drivers can cause some
degradation in performance. Due to their higher thermal resistance, plastic parts are poorer in this respect than ceramic.
The combination of reference Temperature Coefficient (TC),
internal chip dissipation, and package thermal resistance can
increase noise near full scale from 25µV to 80µV
. Also the
P-P
linearity in going from a high dissipation count such as 1000
(20 segments on) to a low dissipation count such as 1111 (8
segments on) can suffer by a count or more. Devices with a
positive TC reference ma y requiresev er al counts to pull out of
an over range condition. This is because over-range is a low
dissipation mode, with the three least significant digits
blanked. Similarly, units with a negative TC may cycle
between over range and a non-over range count as the die
alternately heats and cools. All these problems are of course
eliminated if an external reference is used.
reference can be conveniently tied to analog COMMON, it
should be since this removes the common mode voltage
from the reference system.
Within the lC, analog COMMON is tied to an N-Channel FET
that can sink approximately 3mA of current to hold the
voltage 2.8V below the positive supply (when a load is trying
to pull the common line positive). However, there is only
10µA of source current, so COMMON may easily be tied to a
more negative voltage thus overriding the internal reference.
V+
V
REF HI
REF LO
ICL7136
ICL7137
FIGURE 4A.
V
ICL7136
ICL7137
REF HI
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 4. USING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE
20kΩ
FIGURE 4B.
6.8V
ZENER
I
V-
V+
6.8kΩ
ICL8069
1.2V
REFERENCE
Z
TEST
The TEST pin serves two functions. On the ICL7136 it is
coupled to the internally generated digital supply through a
500Ω resistor. Thus it can be used as the negativ e supply for
externally generated segment drivers such as decimal points
or any other presentation the user may want to include on
the LCD display. Figures 5 and 6 show such an application.
No more than a 1mA load should be applied.
The ICL7136, with its negligible dissipation, suffers from
none of these problems. In either case, an external
reference can easily be added, as shown in Figure 4.
Analog COMMON is also used as the input low return during
auto-zero and de-integrate. If IN LO is different from analog
COMMON, a common mode voltage exists in the system
and is taken care of by the excellent CMRR of the converter.
However, in some applications IN LO will be set at a fixed
known voltage (power supply common for instance). In this
application, analog COMMON should be tied to the same
point, thus removing the common mode voltage from the
converter. The same holds true for the reference voltage. If
V+
ICL7136
BP
21
TEST
37
FIGURE 5. SIMPLE INVERTER FOR FIXED DECIMAL POINT
1MΩ
TO LCD
DECIMAL
POINT
TO LCD
BACKPLANE
7
Page 8
ICL7136, ICL7137
The second function is a “lamp test”. When TEST is pulled
high (to V+) all segments will be turned on and the display
should read “-1888”. The TEST pin will sink about 5mA
under these conditions.
CAUTION: On the ICL7136, in the lamp test mode, the segments have a
FIGURE 6. EXCLUSIVE ‘OR’ GATE FOR DECIMAL POINT DRIVE
constant DC voltage (no square-wave) and may burn the LCD
display if left in this mode for several minutes.
CD4030
GND
V+
TO LCD
DECIMAL
POINTS
V+
ICL7136
TEST
BP
DECIMAL
POINT
SELECT
Digital Section
Figures 7 and 8 show the digital section for the ICL7136 and
ICL7137, respectively. In the ICL7136, an internal digital
ground is generated from a 6V Zener diode and a large
P-Channel source follower. This supply is made stiff to
absorb the relative large capacitive currents when the back
plane (BP) voltage is switched. The BP frequency is the
clock frequency divided by 800. For three readings/second
this is a 60Hz square wave with a nominal amplitude of 5V.
The segments are driven at the same frequency and amplitude and are in phase with BP when OFF, but out of phase
when ON. In all cases negligible DC voltage exists across
the segments.
Figure 8 is the Digital Section of the ICL7137. It is identical
to the ICL7136 except that the regulated supply and back
plane drive have been eliminated and the segment drive has
been increased from 2mA to 8mA, typical for instrument size
common anode LED displays. Since the 1000 output (pin 19)
must sink current from two LED segments, it has twice the
drive capability or 16mA.
In both devices, the polarity indication is “on” for negative
analog inputs. If IN LO and IN HI are reversed, this indication
can be reversed also, if desired.
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
INTERNAL DIGITAL GROUND
0.5mA
2mA
V+
SEGMENT
OUTPUT
† THREE INVERTERS
ONLY ONE INVERTER SHOWN
FOR CLARITY
a
b
1000’s100’s10’s1’s
COUNTERCOUNTERCOUNTERCOUNTER
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
CLOCK
†
403938
a
f
b
g
c
e
e
c
d
LCD PHASE DRIVER
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LATCH
SEGMENT
DECODE
÷4
INTERNAL
DIGITAL
GROUND
a
f
b
g
c
d
7
LOGIC CONTROL
a
f
g
e
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
VTH = 1V
b
BACKPLANE
21
÷200
1
V+
6.2V
500Ω
TEST
37
26
V-
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
FIGURE 7. ICL7136 DIGITAL SECTION
8
Page 9
ICL7136, ICL7137
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
DIGITAL GROUND
0.5mA
8mA
V+
TO
SEGMENT
† THREE INVERTERS
ONLY ONE INVERTER SHOWN
FOR CLARITY
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
V+
CLOCK
†
403938
OSC 1
OSC 2
a
f
a
b
1000’s100’s10’s1’s
COUNTER
OSC 3
b
g
e
c
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LATCH
COUNTERCOUNTERCOUNTER
÷4
a
f
b
g
e
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LOGIC CONTROL
e
SEGMENT
DECODE
a
f
b
g
c
d
7
1
V+
TEST
37
500Ω
27
DIGITAL
GROUND
FIGURE 8. ICL7137 DIGITAL SECTION
System Timing
Figure 9 shows the clocking arrangement used in the
ICL7136 and ICL7137. Two basic clocking arrangements
can be used:
1. Figure 9A, an external oscillator connected to pin 40.
2. Figure 9B, an R-C oscillator using all three pins.
The oscillator frequency is divided by four bef ore it cloc ks the
decade counters. It is then further divided to form the three
convert-cycle phases. These are signal integrate (1000
counts), reference de-integrate (0 to 2000 counts) and autozero (1000 to 3000 counts). For signals less than full scale,
auto-zero gets the unused portion of reference de-integrate.
This makes a complete measure cycle of 4,000 counts
(16,000 clock pulses) independent of input voltage. F or three
readings/second, an oscillator frequency of 48kHz would be
used.
To achieve maximum rejection of 60Hz pickup, the signal
integrate cycle should be a multiple of 60Hz. Oscillator
frequencies of 240kHz, 120kHz, 80kHz, 60kHz, 48kHz,
40kHz, 33
tion, Oscillator frequencies of 200kHz, 100kHz, 66
1
/3kHz, etc., should be selected. For 50Hz rejec-
2
/3kHz,
50kHz, 40kHz, etc. would be suitable. Note that 40kHz (2.5
readings/sec.) will reject both 50Hz and 60Hz (also 400Hz
and 440Hz).
INTERNAL TO PART
4039
GND ICL7137
TEST ICL7136
FIGURE 9A. EXTERNAL OSCILLAT OR
INTERNAL TO PART
4039
FIGURE 9B. RC OSCILLATOR
FIGURE 9. CLOCK CIRCUITS
÷4
38
÷4
38
R
C
CLOCK
CLOCK
9
Page 10
ICL7136, ICL7137
Component Value Selection
Integrating Resistor
Both the buffer amplifier and the integrator have a class A
output stage with 100µA of quiescent current. They can
supply 1µA of drive current with negligible nonlinearity. The
integrating resistor should be large enough to remain in this
very linear region over the input voltage range, but small
enough that undue leakage requirements are not placed on
the PC board. For 2V full scale, 1.8MΩ is near optimum and
similarly a 180kΩ for a 200mV scale.
Integrating Capacitor
The integrating capacitor should be selected to give the
maximum voltage swing that ensures tolerance buildup will
not saturate the integrator swing (approximately 0.3V from
either supply). In the ICL7136 or the ICL7137, when the
analog COMMON is used as a reference, a nominal +2V fullscale integrator swing is fine. For the ICL7137 with +5V
supplies and analog COMMON tied to supply ground, a
±3.5V to +4V swing is nominal. For three readings/second
(48kHz clock) nominal values for C
0.5µF, respectively. Of course, if different oscillator frequencies are used, these values should be changed in inverse
proportion to maintain the same output swing.
An additional requirement of the integrating capacitor is that
it must have a low dielectric absorption to prevent roll-over
errors. While other types of capacitors are adequate for this
application, polypropylene capacitors give undetectable
errors at reasonable cost.
Auto-Zero Capacitor
The size of the auto-zero capacitor has some influence on
the noise of the system. For 200mV full scale where noise is
very important, a 0.47µF capacitor is recommended. On the
2V scale, a 0.047µF capacitor increases the speed of recovery from overload and is adequate for noise on this scale.
Reference Capacitor
are 0.047µF and
lNT
Reference Voltage
The analog input required to generate full scale output (2000
counts) is: V
V
should equal 100mV and 1V, respectively. However, in
REF
lN
= 2V
. Thus, for the 200mV and 2V scale,
REF
many applications where the A/D is connected to a
transducer, there will exist a scale factor other than unity
between the input voltage and the digital reading. For
instance, in a weighing system, the designer might like to
have a full scale reading when the voltage from the
transducer is 0.662V. Instead of dividing the input down to
200mV, the designer should use the input voltage directly
and select V
= 0.341V. Suitable values for integrating
REF
resistor and capacitor would be 330kΩ and 0.047µF. This
makes the system slightly quieter and also avoids a divider
network on the input. The ICL7137 with ±5V supplies can
accept input signals up to ±4V. Another advantage of this
system occurs when a digital reading of zero is desired for
V
≠ 0. Temperature and weighing systems with a variable
IN
fare are examples. This offset reading can be conveniently
generated by connecting the voltage transducer between IN
HI and COMMON and the variable (or fixed) offset voltage
between COMMON and IN LO.
ICL7137 Power Supplies
The ICL7137 is designed to work from ±5V supplies.
However, if a negative supply is not available, it can be
generated from the clock output with 2 diodes, 2 capacitors,
and an inexpensive lC . Figure 10 sho ws this application. See
ICL7660 data sheet for an alternative.
In fact, in selected applications no negative supply is
required. The conditions to use a single +5V supply are:
1. The input signal can be referenced to the center of the
common mode range of the converter.
2. The signal is less than ±1.5V.
3. An external reference is used.
V+
CD4009
A 0.1µF capacitor gives good results in most applications.
However, where a large common mode voltage exists (i.e.,
the REF LO pin is not at analog COMMON) and a 200mV
scale is used, a larger value is required to prevent roll-over
error. Generally 1µF will hold the roll-over error to 0.5 count
in this instance.
Oscillator Components
For all ranges of frequency a 180kΩ resistor is recommended and the capacitor is selected from the equation
0.45
------------ -
f
RC
For 48kHz Clock (3 Readings/sec.),=
C50pF.=
V+
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
ICL7137
GND
V-
V- = 3.3V
FIGURE 10. GENERATING NEGATIVE SUPPLY FROM +5V
10
IN914
0.047
µF
IN914
+
10
µF
-
Page 11
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 may be used in a wide variety of
configurations. The circuits which follow show some of the
possibilities, and serve to illustrate the exceptional versatility
of these A/D converters.
The following application notes contain very useful
information on understanding and applying this part and are
available from Intersil semiconductor.
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec., floating
supply voltage (9V battery).
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec. IN LO may
be tied to either COMMON for inputs floating with respect to
supplies, or GND for single ended inputs. (See discussion under
Analog COMMON.)
FIGURE 11. ICL7136 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCEFIGURE 12. ICL7137 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCE
11
Page 12
t
r
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
OSC 1
40
OSC 2
39
OSC 3
38
TEST
37
REF HI
36
REF LO
COMMON
BP/GND
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
VG2
C3
A3
G3
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
TO DISPLAY
100kΩ
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF
180kΩ
0.047µF
(Continued)
TO PIN 1
SET V
= 100mV
20kΩ 200kΩ
0.01µF
REF
27kΩ
1.2V (ICL8069)
1MΩ
+
-
V+
IN
-
V
IN LO is tied to supply COMMON establishing the correct common mode
voltage. If COMMON is not shorted to GND, the input voltage may floa
with respect to the power supply and COMMON acts as a pre-regulato
for the reference. If COMMON is shorted to GND, the input is single
ended (referred to supply GND) and the pre-regulator is overridden.
Since low TC zeners have breakdown voltages ~ 6.8V, diode must
be placed across the total supply (10V). As in the case of Figure 14,
IN LO may be tied to either COMMON or GND
An external reference must be used in this application, since the
voltage between V+ and V- is insufficient for correct operation of the
internal reference.
FIGURE 16. ICL7137 OPERATED FROM SINGLE +5V
12
Page 13
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
40
OSC 1
39
OSC 2
38
OSC 3
37
TEST
36
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V G2
C3
A3
G3
GND
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
TO DISPLAY
REF LO
COMMON
TO PIN 1
180kΩ
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF
180kΩ
0.047µF
(Continued)
V+
The resistor values within the bridge are determined by the desired
sensitivity.
FIGURE 17. ICL7137 MEASURING RATIOMETRIC VALUES OF
QUAD LOAD CELL
V+
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
G2
C3
A3
G3
BP
40
39
38
37
36
35
TO
LOGIC
34
GND
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
V-
V25
24
23
22
21
O /RANGE
U /RANGE
CD4023 OR
74C10
TO LOGIC
V
CC
CD4077
1
V+
D1
2
C1
3
B1
4
A1
5
F1
6
G1
7
E1
8
D2
9
C2
10
B2
11
A2
12
F2
13
E2
14
D3
15
B3
16
F3
17
E3
18
AB4
19
POL
20
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 19. CIRCUIT FOR DEVELOPING UNDERRANGE AND
OVERRANGE SIGNAL FROM ICL7136 OUTPUTS
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V G2
C3
A3
G3
BP
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
0.1µF
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
TO PIN 1
†
50pF
0.01µF
0.47µF
390kΩ
†
TO DISPLAY
SCALE
FACTOR
ADJUST
100kΩ 1MΩ
200kΩ 470kΩ
ZERO
ADJUST
TO BACKPLANE
22kΩ
SILICON NPN
MPS 3704 OR
SIMILAR
+
9V
-
A silicon diode-connected transistor has a temperature coefficient
of about -2mV/oC. Calibration is achieved by placing the sensing
transistor in ice water and adjusting the zeroing potentiometer for a
000.0 reading. The sensor should then be placed in boiling water
and the scale-factor potentiometer adjusted for a 100.0 reading.
† Value depends on clock frequency.
FIGURE 18. ICL7136 USED AS A DIGITAL CENTIGRADE
THERMOMETER
+5V
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
G2
C3
A3
G3
BP
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
V-
V25
24
23
22
21
1
V+
D1
2
C1
3
B1
4
A1
5
TO LOGIC
V
CC
12kΩ
The LM339 is required to
ensure logic compatibility
with heavy display loading.
1. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch
dimensions are not necessarily exact.
2. All dimensions and tolerances per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimensions D and E to be determined at seating plane.
4. Dimensions D1 and E1 to be determined at datum plane
-H-
.
5. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion.
Allowable protrusion is 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.
6. Dimension B does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable
dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
Rev. 1 1/94
-C-
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reser ves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate
and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under an y patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.intersil.com
17
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