Datasheet ICL7137, ICL7136 Datasheet (Intersil Corporation)

Page 1
December 1997
ICL7136, ICL7137
31/2 Digit LCD/LED, Low Power Display,
A/D Converters with Overrange Recovery
• First Reading Overrange Recovery in One Conversion Period
• Guaranteed Zero Reading for 0V Input on All Scales
• True Polarity at Zero for Precise Null Detection
• 1pA Typical Input Current
• True Differential Input and Reference, Direct Displa y Drive
- LCD ICL7136
- LED lCL7137
• Low Noise - Less Than 15µV
P-P
• On Chip Clock and Reference
• No Additional Active Circuits Required
• Low Power - Less Than 1mW
• Surface Mount Package Available
• Drop-In Replacement for ICL7126, No Changes Needed
Ordering Information
TEMP.
PART NUMBER
ICL7136CPL 0 to 70 40 Ld PDIP E40.6 ICL7136RCPL 0 to 70 40 Ld PDIP (Note) E40.6 ICL7136CM44 0 to 70 44 Ld MQFP Q44.10x10 ICL7137CPL 0 to 70 40 Ld PDIP E40.6 ICL7137RCPL 0 to 70 40 Ld PDIP (Note) E40.6 ICL7137CM44 0 to 70 44 Ld MQFP Q44.10x10
NOTE: “R” indicates device with reversed leads.
RANGE (oC) PACKAGE PKG. NO.
Description
The Intersil ICL7136 and ICL7137 are high performance, low power 31/2 digit, A/D converters. Included are seven seg­ment decoders, display drivers, a reference, and a clock. The ICL7136 is designed to interface with a liquid crystal dis­play (LCD) and includes a multiplexed backplane drive; the ICL7137 will directly drive an instrument size, light emitting diode (LED) display.
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 bring together a combination of high accuracy, versatility, and true economy. It features auto­zero to less than 10µV, zero drift of less than 1µV/ bias current of 10pA (Max), and rollover error of less than one count. True differential inputs and reference are useful in all systems, but give the designer an uncommon advantage when measuring load cells, strain gauges and other bridge type transducers. Finally, the true economy of single power supply operation (ICL7136), enables a high performance panel meter to be built with the addition of only 10 passive components and a display.
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 are improved versions of the ICL7126, eliminating the overrange hangover and hysteresis effects, and should be used in its place in all applications. It can also be used as a plug-in replacement for the ICL7106 in a wide variety of applications, changing only the passive components.
o
C, input
Pinouts
(PDIP)
TOP VIEW
1
V+
2
D1
3
C1
4
B1
(1’s)
(10’s)
(100’s)
(1000) AB4
(MINUS)
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207
A1 F1 G1 E1 D2 C2 B2 A2 F2 E2 D3 B3 F3 E3
POL
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
| Copyright © Intersil Corporation 1999
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3 TEST REF HI REF LO
+
C
REF
C
-
REF
COMMON IN HI IN LO A-Z BUFF INT V­G2 (10’s) C3
(100’s)
A3 G3 BP/GND
NC NC
TEST
OSC 3
NC OSC 2 OSC 1
V+ D1 C1 B1
1
44 43 42 41 40
1
2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17
A1 F1 G1 E1 D2 C2
REF HI
REF LO
+
REF
C
-
C
(MQFP)
TOP VIEW
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
39 38 37 36 35 34
B2 A2 F2 E2 D3
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V-
33 32 31 30 29
28 27 26 25 24 23
2221201918
File Number 3086.2
NC G2 C3 A3 G3
BP/GND POL AB4 E3 F3 B3
Page 2
ICL7136, ICL7137
Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information
Supply Voltage
ICL7136, V+ to V- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15V
ICL7137, V+ to GND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6V
ICL7137, V- to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-9V
Analog Input Voltage (Either Input) (Note 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . V+ to V-
Reference Input Voltage (Either Input) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V+ to V-
Clock Input
ICL7136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEST to V+
ICL7137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GND to V+
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0oC to 70oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
1. Input voltages may exceed the supply voltages provided the input current is limited to ±100µA.
2. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications (Note 3)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Zero Input Reading VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV -000.0 ±000.0 +000.0 Digital
Ratiometric Reading VlN = V
Rollover Error -VIN = +VlN≅ 200mV Difference in Reading for Equal
Positive and Negative Inputs Near Full Scale
Linearity Full Scale = 200mV or Full Scale = 2V Maximum
Deviation from Best Straight Line Fit (Note 5) Common Mode Rejection Ratio VCM = ±1V, VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV (Note 5) - 50 - µV/V Noise VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV (Peak-To-Peak Value Not
Exceeded 95% of Time) (Note 5) Leakage Current Input VlN = 0V (Note 5) - 1 10 pA Zero Reading Drift VlN = 0V, 0oC To 70oC (Note 5) - 0.2 1 µV/oC Scale Factor Temperature Coefficient VIN = 199mV, 0oC To 70oC, (Ext. Ref. 0ppm/oC) (Note 5) - 1 5 ppm/oC COMMON Pin Analog Common Voltage 25k Between Common and Positive Supply (With
Respect to + Supply) Temperature Coefficient of Analog
Common SUPPLY CURRENT ICL7136 V+ Supply Current VIN = 0 (Does Not Include Common Current) 16kHz
SUPPLY CURRENT ICL7137 V+ Supply Current VIN = 0 (Does Not Include Common Current) 16kHz V- Supply Current -40-µA DISPLAY DRIVER ICL7136 ONLY Peak-To-Peak Segment Drive Voltage
Peak-To-Peak Backplane Drive Voltage
25k Between Common and Positive Supply (With
Respect to + Supply) (Note 5)
Oscillator (Note 6)
Oscillator (Note 6)
V+ = to V- = 9V (Note 4) 4 5.5 6 V
REF
, V
= 100mV 999 999/
REF
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 2) θJA (oC/W)
PDIP Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
MQFP Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Maximum Junction Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150oC
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to 150oC
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s). . . . . . . . . . . . .300oC
(MQFP - Lead Tips Only)
Read-
ing
1000 Digital
1000
- ±0.2 ±1 Counts
- ±0.2 ±1 Counts
-15-µV
2.4 3.0 3.2 V
- 150 - ppm/oC
- 70 100 µA
- 70 200 µA
Read-
ing
2
Page 3
ICL7136, ICL7137
Electrical Specifications (Note 3) (Continued)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
DISPLAY DRIVER ICL7137 ONLY
Segment Sinking Current V+ = 5V, Segment Voltage = 3V
(Except Pins 19 and 20) 58-mA Pin 19 Only 10 16 - mA Pin 20 Only 47-mA
NOTES:
3. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to both the ICL7136 and ICL7137 at TA = 25oC, f circuit of Figure 1. ICL7137 is tested in the circuit of Figure 2.
4. Back plane drive is in phase with segment drive for ‘off’ segment, 180 degrees out of phase for ‘on’ segment. Frequency is 20 times conversion rate. Average DC component is less than 50mV.
5. Not tested, guaranteed by design.
6. 48kHz oscillator increases current by 20µA (Typ).
= 48kHz. ICL7136 is tested in the
CLOCK
Typical Applications and Test Circuits
IN
C
5
C
2
IN HI
IN LO
101112
9V
+
-
R
2
C
3
28
29
27262524232221
V-
INT
A-Z
BUFF
F2
E2
A2
D3
13
14151617181920
DISPLAY
G2
B3
C1= 0.1µF C2= 0.47µF C3= 0.047µF
C3
A3
G3
BP
C4= 50pF C5= 0.01µF R1= 240k R2= 180k
F3
E3
AB4
POL
R3= 180k R4= 10k R5= 1M
+ -
R
C
+
REF
C
5
1
-
REF
COM
C
R
1
R
C
4
OSC 3
TEST
4
REF HI
REF LO
R
3
4039383736353433323130
OSC 1
OSC 2
ICL7136
V+
D1C1B1
123456789
F1
G1
E1
D2C2B2
DISPLAY
A1
FIGURE 1. ICL7136 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICA TION WITH LCD DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL SCALE
+5V -5V
R
1
R
R
3
4
C
4
+ -
IN
R
5
C
5
R
C
1
2
C
C
2
3
DISPLAY
C1= 0.1µF C2= 0.47µF
IN LO
28
29
27262524232221
V-
INT
A-Z
BUFF
F2
E2
A2
D3
13
14151617181920
G2
B3
C3= 0.047µF
C3
A3
G3
GND
C4= 50pF C5= 0.01µF R1= 240k R2= 180k
F3
E3
AB4
POL
R3= 180k R4= 10k R5= 1M
4039383736353433323130
OSC 2
OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
OSC 1
+
REF
C
REF LO
-
REF
C
COM
IN HI
ICL7137
V+
D1C1B1
123456789
F1
G1
E1
D2C2B2
101112
DISPLAY
A1
FIGURE 2. ICL7137 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICA TION WITH LED DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL SCALE
3
Page 4
Design Information Summary Sheet
• OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
= 0.45/RC
f
OSC
C
> 50pF; R
OSC
f
(Typ) = 48kHz
OSC
• OSCILLATOR PERIOD
= RC/0.45
t
OSC
• INTEGRATION CLOCK FREQUENCY
CLOCK
= f
OSC
f
• INTEGRATION PERIOD
= 1000 x (4/f
t
INT
• 60/50Hz REJECTION CRITERION
t
INT/t60Hz
or t
• OPTIMUM INTEGRATION CURRENT
= 1µA
I
INT
• FULL SCALE ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
(Typ) = 200mV or 2V
V
lNFS
• INTEGRATE RESISTOR
V
R
INT
---------------- -=
INFS
I
INT
• INTEGRATE CAPACITOR
t
()I
()
C
INT
INT
--------------------------------=
V
INT
• INTEGRATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
t
()I
()
V
•V
INT
INT
INT
--------------------------------=
C
INT
MAXIMUM SWING:
(V- + 0.5V) < V
> 50k
OSC
/4
)
OSC
lNT/t50Hz
INT
INT
INT
= Integer
< (V+ - 0.5V), V
(Typ) = 2V
INT
ICL7136, ICL7137
• DISPLAY COUNT
COUNT 1000
• CONVERSION CYCLE
= t
t
CYC
t
= t
CYC
when f
OSC
• COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE
(V- + 1V) < V
• AUTO-ZERO CAPACITOR
0.01µF < C
• REFERENCE CAPACITOR
0.1µF < C
•V
COM
Biased between V+ and V-.
•V
• ICL7136 POWER SUPPLY: SINGLE 9V
• ICL7136 DISPLAY: LCD
• ICL7137 POWER SUPPLY: DUAL ±5.0V
• ICL7137 DISPLAY: LED
V+ - 2.8V
COM
Regulation lost when V+ to V- < 6.8V. If V
COM
the V
COM
V+ - V- = 9V Digital supply is generated internally V
TEST
Type: Direct drive with digital logic supply amplitude.
V+ = +5V to GND V- = -5V to GND Digital Logic and LED driver supply V+ to GND
Type: Non-Multiplexed Common Anode
V
IN
---------------
×=
V
REF
x 4000
CL0CK
x 16,000
OSC
= 48kHz; t
< (V+ - 0.5V)
lN
< 1µF
AZ
< 1µF
REF
CYC
= 333ms
is externally pulled down to (V + to V -)/2,
circuit will turn off.
V+ - 4.5V
Typical Integrator Amplifier Output Waveform (INT Pin)
AUTO ZERO PHASE
(COUNTS) 2999 - 1000
SIGNAL INTEGRATE
PHASE FIXED 1000 COUNTS
TOTAL CONVERSION TIME = 4000 x t
4
DE-INTEGRATE PHASE
= 16,000 x t
CLOCK
0 - 1999 COUNTS
OSC
Page 5
ICL7136, ICL7137
Pin Descriptions
PIN NUMBER
44 PIN
FLATPACK
1 8 V+ Supply Power Supply. 2 9 D1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “D” of the display units digit. 3 10 C1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “C” of the display units digit. 4 11 B1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “B” of the display units digit. 5 12 A1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “A” of the display units digit. 6 13 F1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “F” of the display units digit. 7 14 G1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “G” of the display units digit. 8 15 E1 Output Driver Pin for Segment “E” of the display units digit.
9 16 D2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “D” of the display tens digit. 10 17 C2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “C” of the display tens digit. 11 18 B2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “B” of the display tens digit. 12 19 A2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “A” of the display tens digit. 13 20 F2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “F” of the display tens digit. 14 21 E2 Output Driver Pin for Segment “E” of the display tens digit. 15 22 D3 Output Driver pin for segment “D” of the display hundreds digit. 16 23 B3 Output Driver pin for segment “B” of the display hundreds digit. 17 24 F3 Output Driver pin for segment “F” of the display hundreds digit. 18 25 E3 Output Driver pin for segment “E” of the display hundreds digit. 19 26 AB4 Output Driver pin for both “A” and “B” segments of the display thousands digit. 20 27 POL Output Driver pin for the negative sign of the display. 21 28 BP/GND Output Driver pin for the LCD backplane/Power Supply Ground. 22 29 G3 Output Driver pin for segment “G” of the display hundreds digit. 23 30 A3 Output Driver pin for segment “A” of the display hundreds digit. 24 31 C3 Output Driver pin for segment “C” of the display hundreds digit. 25 32 G2 Output Driver pin for segment “G” of the display tens digit. 26 34 V 27 35 INT Output Integrator amplifier output. To be connected to integrating capacitor. 28 36 BUFF Output Input buffer amplifier output. To be connected to integrating resistor. 29 37 A-Z Input Integrator amplifier input.To be connected to auto-zero capacitor. 30
31
32 40 COMMON Supply/
33 34
35 36
37 3 TEST Input Display test. Turns on all segments when tied to V+. 38
39 40
38 39
41 42
43 44
4 6 7
NAME FUNCTION DESCRIPTION40 PIN DIP
-
IN LO
IN HI
C
REF
C
REF
REF LO
REF HI
OSC3 OSC2 OSC1
Supply Negative power supply.
Input Differential inputs. To be connected to input voltage to be measured. LO and HI
designators are for reference and do not imply that LO should be connected to lower potential, e.g., for negative inputs IN LO has a higher potential than IN HI.
Internal voltage reference output.
Output
-
+
Input Input pins for reference voltage to the device. REF HI should be positive
Output Output
Input
Connection pins for reference capacitor.
reference to REF LO.
Device clock generator circuit connection pins.
5
Page 6
ICL7136, ICL7137
Detailed Description
Analog Section
Figure 3 shows the Analog Section for the ICL7136 and ICL7137. Each measurement cycle is divided into four phases. They are (1) auto-zero (A-Z), (2) signal integrate (INT) and (3) de-integrate (DE), (4) zero integrate (ZI).
Auto-Zero Phase
During auto-zero three things happen. First, input high and low are disconnected from the pins and internally shorted to analog COMMON. Second, the reference capacitor is charged to the reference voltage. Third, a feedback loop is closed around the system to charge the auto-zero capacitor C for offset voltages in the buff er amplifier , integr ator , and compar­ator. Since the comparator is included in the loop , the A-Z accu­racy is limited only by the noise of the system. In any case, the offset referred to the input is less than 10µV.
Signal Integrate Phase
During signal integrate, the auto-zero loop is opened, the internal short is removed, and the internal input high and low are connected to the external pins. The converter then integrates the differential voltage between IN HI and IN LO for a fixed time. This differential voltage can be within a wide common mode range: up to 1V from either supply. If, on the other hand, the input signal has no return with respect to the converter power supply, IN LO can be tied to analog COMMON to establish the correct common mode voltage. At the end of this phase, the polarity of the integrated signal is determined.
De-Integrate Phase
The final phase is de-integrate, or reference integrate. Input low is internally connected to analog COMMON and input
to compensate
AZ
high is connected across the previously charged reference capacitor. Circuitry within the chip ensures that the capacitor will be connected with the correct polarity to cause the integrator output to return to zero. The time required for the output to return to zero is proportional to the input signal. Specifically the digital reading displayed is:
V

IN
DISPLAY READING = 1000
---------------
V
.
REF
 
Zero Integrator Phase
The final phase is zero integrator. First, input low is shorted to analog COMMON. Second, the reference capacitor is charged to the reference voltage. Finally, a feedback loop is closed around the system to IN HI to cause the integrator output to return to zero. Under normal conditions, this phase lasts for between 11 to 140 clock pulses, but after a “heavy” overrange conversion, it is e xtended to 740 clock pulses .
Differential Input
The input can accept differential voltages anywhere within the common mode range of the input amplifier, or specifically from
0.5V below the positive supply to 1V abov e thenegative supply. In this range, the system has a CMRR of 86dB typical. How­ever, care must be exercised to assure the integrator output does not saturate. A worst case condition would be a large pos­itive common mode voltage with a near full scale negative dif­ferential input voltage. The negative input signal drives the integrator positive when most of its swing has been used up by the positive common mode voltage. For these critical applica­tions the integrator output swing can be reduced to less than the recommended 2V full scale swing with little loss of accu­racy. The integrator output can swing to within 0.3V of either supply without loss of linearity .
IN HI
COMMON
IN LO
STRAY STRAY
+
REF
A-Z
REF HI
34
C
V+
10µA
31
INT
32
INT
30
C
REF
REF LO
36
A-Z, A-Z, ZI ZI
DE- DE+
A-Z AND DE(±) AND ZI
FIGURE 3. ANALOG SECTION OF ICL7136 AND ICL7137
35
DE-DE+
33
R
INT
-
C
REF
-
+
INPUT
HIGH
N
26
V-
BUFFER
28 29 27
-
+
V+
1
2.8V
C
AZ
A-Z INT
INTEGRATOR
6.2V
INPUT LOW
A-Z
ZI
-
+
COMPARATOR
C
INT
-
+
TO DIGITAL SECTION
6
Page 7
ICL7136, ICL7137
Differential Reference
The reference voltage can be generated an ywhere within the power supply voltage of the conver ter. The main source of common mode error is a roll-over voltage caused by the reference capacitor losing or gaining charge to stray capacity on its nodes. If there is a large common mode voltage, the reference capacitor can gain charge (increase voltage) when called up to de-integrate a positive signal but lose charge (decrease voltage) when called up to de-integrate a negative input signal. This difference in reference for positive or negative input voltage will give a roll-over error. However, by selecting the reference capacitor such that it is large enough in comparison to the stray capacitance, this error can be held to less than 0.5 count worst case. (See Component Value Selection.)
Analog COMMON
This pin is included primarily to set the common mode voltage for battery operation (ICL7136) or for any system where the input signals are floating with respect to the power supply. The COMMON pin sets a voltage that is approxi­mately 2.8V more negative than the positive supply. This is selected to give a minimum end-of-life battery voltage of about 6.8V. However, analog COMMON has some of the attributes of a reference voltage. When the total supply voltage is large enough to cause the zener to regulate (>7V), the COMMON voltage will have a low voltage coefficient (0.001%/V), low output impedance (≅15Ω), and a temperature coefficient typically less than 150ppm/
o
C.
The limitations of the on chip reference should also be recognized, however. With the ICL7137, the internal heating which results from the LED drivers can cause some degradation in performance. Due to their higher thermal resis­tance, plastic parts are poorer in this respect than ceramic. The combination of reference Temperature Coefficient (TC), internal chip dissipation, and package thermal resistance can increase noise near full scale from 25µV to 80µV
. Also the
P-P
linearity in going from a high dissipation count such as 1000 (20 segments on) to a low dissipation count such as 1111 (8 segments on) can suffer by a count or more. Devices with a positive TC reference ma y requiresev er al counts to pull out of an over range condition. This is because over-range is a low dissipation mode, with the three least significant digits blanked. Similarly, units with a negative TC may cycle between over range and a non-over range count as the die alternately heats and cools. All these problems are of course eliminated if an external reference is used.
reference can be conveniently tied to analog COMMON, it should be since this removes the common mode voltage from the reference system.
Within the lC, analog COMMON is tied to an N-Channel FET that can sink approximately 3mA of current to hold the voltage 2.8V below the positive supply (when a load is trying to pull the common line positive). However, there is only 10µA of source current, so COMMON may easily be tied to a more negative voltage thus overriding the internal reference.
V+
V REF HI
REF LO
ICL7136 ICL7137
FIGURE 4A.
V
ICL7136 ICL7137
REF HI
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 4. USING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE
20k
FIGURE 4B.
6.8V ZENER
I
V-
V+
6.8k
ICL8069
1.2V REFERENCE
Z
TEST
The TEST pin serves two functions. On the ICL7136 it is coupled to the internally generated digital supply through a 500 resistor. Thus it can be used as the negativ e supply for externally generated segment drivers such as decimal points or any other presentation the user may want to include on the LCD display. Figures 5 and 6 show such an application. No more than a 1mA load should be applied.
The ICL7136, with its negligible dissipation, suffers from none of these problems. In either case, an external reference can easily be added, as shown in Figure 4.
Analog COMMON is also used as the input low return during auto-zero and de-integrate. If IN LO is different from analog COMMON, a common mode voltage exists in the system and is taken care of by the excellent CMRR of the converter. However, in some applications IN LO will be set at a fixed known voltage (power supply common for instance). In this application, analog COMMON should be tied to the same point, thus removing the common mode voltage from the converter. The same holds true for the reference voltage. If
V+
ICL7136
BP
21
TEST
37
FIGURE 5. SIMPLE INVERTER FOR FIXED DECIMAL POINT
1M
TO LCD DECIMAL POINT
TO LCD BACKPLANE
7
Page 8
ICL7136, ICL7137
The second function is a “lamp test”. When TEST is pulled high (to V+) all segments will be turned on and the display should read “-1888”. The TEST pin will sink about 5mA under these conditions.
CAUTION: On the ICL7136, in the lamp test mode, the segments have a
FIGURE 6. EXCLUSIVE ‘OR’ GATE FOR DECIMAL POINT DRIVE
constant DC voltage (no square-wave) and may burn the LCD display if left in this mode for several minutes.
CD4030
GND
V+
TO LCD DECIMAL POINTS
V+
ICL7136
TEST
BP
DECIMAL
POINT
SELECT
Digital Section
Figures 7 and 8 show the digital section for the ICL7136 and ICL7137, respectively. In the ICL7136, an internal digital ground is generated from a 6V Zener diode and a large P-Channel source follower. This supply is made stiff to absorb the relative large capacitive currents when the back plane (BP) voltage is switched. The BP frequency is the clock frequency divided by 800. For three readings/second this is a 60Hz square wave with a nominal amplitude of 5V. The segments are driven at the same frequency and ampli­tude and are in phase with BP when OFF, but out of phase when ON. In all cases negligible DC voltage exists across the segments.
Figure 8 is the Digital Section of the ICL7137. It is identical to the ICL7136 except that the regulated supply and back plane drive have been eliminated and the segment drive has been increased from 2mA to 8mA, typical for instrument size common anode LED displays. Since the 1000 output (pin 19) must sink current from two LED segments, it has twice the drive capability or 16mA.
In both devices, the polarity indication is “on” for negative analog inputs. If IN LO and IN HI are reversed, this indication can be reversed also, if desired.
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
INTERNAL DIGITAL GROUND
0.5mA
2mA
V+
SEGMENT
OUTPUT
THREE INVERTERS
ONLY ONE INVERTER SHOWN FOR CLARITY
a
b
1000’s 100’s 10’s 1’s
COUNTER COUNTER COUNTER COUNTER
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
CLOCK
40 39 38
a
f
b
g
c
e
e
c
d
LCD PHASE DRIVER
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LATCH
SEGMENT
DECODE
÷4
INTERNAL
DIGITAL
GROUND
a
f
b
g
c
d
7
LOGIC CONTROL
a
f
g
e
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
VTH = 1V
b
BACKPLANE
21
÷200
1
V+
6.2V
500
TEST
37
26
V-
OSC 1
OSC 2
OSC 3
FIGURE 7. ICL7136 DIGITAL SECTION
8
Page 9
ICL7136, ICL7137
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
DIGITAL GROUND
0.5mA
8mA
V+
TO
SEGMENT
THREE INVERTERS
ONLY ONE INVERTER SHOWN FOR CLARITY
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
V+
CLOCK
40 39 38
OSC 1
OSC 2
a
f
a
b
1000’s 100’s 10’s 1’s
COUNTER
OSC 3
b
g
e
c
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LATCH
COUNTER COUNTER COUNTER
÷4
a
f
b
g
e
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LOGIC CONTROL
e
SEGMENT
DECODE
a
f
b
g
c
d
7
1
V+ TEST
37
500
27
DIGITAL GROUND
FIGURE 8. ICL7137 DIGITAL SECTION
System Timing
Figure 9 shows the clocking arrangement used in the ICL7136 and ICL7137. Two basic clocking arrangements can be used:
1. Figure 9A, an external oscillator connected to pin 40.
2. Figure 9B, an R-C oscillator using all three pins.
The oscillator frequency is divided by four bef ore it cloc ks the decade counters. It is then further divided to form the three convert-cycle phases. These are signal integrate (1000 counts), reference de-integrate (0 to 2000 counts) and auto­zero (1000 to 3000 counts). For signals less than full scale, auto-zero gets the unused portion of reference de-integrate. This makes a complete measure cycle of 4,000 counts (16,000 clock pulses) independent of input voltage. F or three readings/second, an oscillator frequency of 48kHz would be used.
To achieve maximum rejection of 60Hz pickup, the signal integrate cycle should be a multiple of 60Hz. Oscillator frequencies of 240kHz, 120kHz, 80kHz, 60kHz, 48kHz, 40kHz, 33 tion, Oscillator frequencies of 200kHz, 100kHz, 66
1
/3kHz, etc., should be selected. For 50Hz rejec-
2
/3kHz, 50kHz, 40kHz, etc. would be suitable. Note that 40kHz (2.5 readings/sec.) will reject both 50Hz and 60Hz (also 400Hz and 440Hz).
INTERNAL TO PART
40 39
GND ICL7137 TEST ICL7136
FIGURE 9A. EXTERNAL OSCILLAT OR
INTERNAL TO PART
40 39
FIGURE 9B. RC OSCILLATOR
FIGURE 9. CLOCK CIRCUITS
÷4
38
÷4
38
R
C
CLOCK
CLOCK
9
Page 10
ICL7136, ICL7137
Component Value Selection
Integrating Resistor
Both the buffer amplifier and the integrator have a class A output stage with 100µA of quiescent current. They can supply 1µA of drive current with negligible nonlinearity. The integrating resistor should be large enough to remain in this very linear region over the input voltage range, but small enough that undue leakage requirements are not placed on the PC board. For 2V full scale, 1.8M is near optimum and similarly a 180k for a 200mV scale.
Integrating Capacitor
The integrating capacitor should be selected to give the maximum voltage swing that ensures tolerance buildup will not saturate the integrator swing (approximately 0.3V from either supply). In the ICL7136 or the ICL7137, when the analog COMMON is used as a reference, a nominal +2V full­scale integrator swing is fine. For the ICL7137 with +5V supplies and analog COMMON tied to supply ground, a ±3.5V to +4V swing is nominal. For three readings/second (48kHz clock) nominal values for C
0.5µF, respectively. Of course, if different oscillator frequen­cies are used, these values should be changed in inverse proportion to maintain the same output swing.
An additional requirement of the integrating capacitor is that it must have a low dielectric absorption to prevent roll-over errors. While other types of capacitors are adequate for this application, polypropylene capacitors give undetectable errors at reasonable cost.
Auto-Zero Capacitor
The size of the auto-zero capacitor has some influence on the noise of the system. For 200mV full scale where noise is very important, a 0.47µF capacitor is recommended. On the 2V scale, a 0.047µF capacitor increases the speed of recov­ery from overload and is adequate for noise on this scale.
Reference Capacitor
are 0.047µF and
lNT
Reference Voltage
The analog input required to generate full scale output (2000 counts) is: V V
should equal 100mV and 1V, respectively. However, in
REF
lN
= 2V
. Thus, for the 200mV and 2V scale,
REF
many applications where the A/D is connected to a transducer, there will exist a scale factor other than unity between the input voltage and the digital reading. For instance, in a weighing system, the designer might like to have a full scale reading when the voltage from the transducer is 0.662V. Instead of dividing the input down to 200mV, the designer should use the input voltage directly and select V
= 0.341V. Suitable values for integrating
REF
resistor and capacitor would be 330k and 0.047µF. This makes the system slightly quieter and also avoids a divider network on the input. The ICL7137 with ±5V supplies can accept input signals up to ±4V. Another advantage of this system occurs when a digital reading of zero is desired for V
0. Temperature and weighing systems with a variable
IN
fare are examples. This offset reading can be conveniently generated by connecting the voltage transducer between IN HI and COMMON and the variable (or fixed) offset voltage between COMMON and IN LO.
ICL7137 Power Supplies
The ICL7137 is designed to work from ±5V supplies. However, if a negative supply is not available, it can be generated from the clock output with 2 diodes, 2 capacitors, and an inexpensive lC . Figure 10 sho ws this application. See ICL7660 data sheet for an alternative.
In fact, in selected applications no negative supply is required. The conditions to use a single +5V supply are:
1. The input signal can be referenced to the center of the common mode range of the converter.
2. The signal is less than ±1.5V.
3. An external reference is used.
V+
CD4009
A 0.1µF capacitor gives good results in most applications. However, where a large common mode voltage exists (i.e., the REF LO pin is not at analog COMMON) and a 200mV scale is used, a larger value is required to prevent roll-over error. Generally 1µF will hold the roll-over error to 0.5 count in this instance.
Oscillator Components
For all ranges of frequency a 180k resistor is recom­mended and the capacitor is selected from the equation
0.45
------------ -
f
RC
For 48kHz Clock (3 Readings/sec.),=
C 50pF.=
V+
OSC 1
OSC 2 OSC 3
ICL7137
GND
V-
V- = 3.3V
FIGURE 10. GENERATING NEGATIVE SUPPLY FROM +5V
10
IN914
0.047 µF
IN914
+
10 µF
-
Page 11
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
The ICL7136 and ICL7137 may be used in a wide variety of configurations. The circuits which follow show some of the possibilities, and serve to illustrate the exceptional versatility of these A/D converters.
The following application notes contain very useful information on understanding and applying this part and are available from Intersil semiconductor.
Typical Applications
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V ­G2 C3 A3 G3 BP
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF 180k
0.047µF
TO BACKPLANE
TO PIN 1
20k240k
0.01µF
SET V
REF
= 100mV
1M
+
IN
-
+
9V
-
Application Notes
AnswerFAX
NOTE # DESCRIPTION
AN016 “Selecting A/D Converters” 9016 AN017 “The Integrating A/D Converter” 9017 AN018 “Do’s and Don’ts of Applying A/D
Converters” AN023 “Low Cost Digital Panel Meter Designs” 9023 AN032 “Understanding the Auto-Zero and
Common Mode Performance of the
ICL7136/7/9 Family” AN046 “Building a Battery-Operated Auto
Ranging DVM with the ICL7106” AN052 “Tips for Using Single Chip 31/2 Digit A/D
Converters”
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V ­G2 C3 A3 G3
GND
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF 180k
0.047µF
TO PIN 1
SET V = 100mV
20k240k
0.01µF
DOC. #
9018
9032
9046
9052
REF
1M
+5V
+
IN
-
-5V
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec., floating supply voltage (9V battery).
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec. IN LO may be tied to either COMMON for inputs floating with respect to supplies, or GND for single ended inputs. (See discussion under Analog COMMON.)
FIGURE 11. ICL7136 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCE FIGURE 12. ICL7137 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCE
11
Page 12
t
r
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
OSC 1
40
OSC 2
39
OSC 3
38
TEST
37
REF HI
36
REF LO
COMMON
BP/GND
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V­G2 C3 A3 G3
35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
100k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF 180k
0.047µF
(Continued)
TO PIN 1
SET V = 100mV
20k200k
0.01µF
REF
27k
1.2V (ICL8069)
1M
+
-
V+
IN
-
V
IN LO is tied to supply COMMON establishing the correct common mode voltage. If COMMON is not shorted to GND, the input voltage may floa with respect to the power supply and COMMON acts as a pre-regulato for the reference. If COMMON is shorted to GND, the input is single ended (referred to supply GND) and the pre-regulator is overridden.
FIGURE 13. ICL7137 WITH AN EXTERNAL BAND-GAP
REFERENCE (1.2V TYPE)
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
G2
G3
BP/GND
V -
C3 A3
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.33µF 180k
0.047µF
TO PIN 1
10k1M
SET V = 100mV
1M
0.01µF
REF
+5V
6.8V
+
IN
-
-5V
Since low TC zeners have breakdown voltages ~ 6.8V, diode must be placed across the total supply (10V). As in the case of Figure 14, IN LO may be tied to either COMMON or GND
FIGURE 14. ICL7137 WITH ZENER DIODE REFERENCE
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V ­G2 C3 A3 G3
BP/GND
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.01µF
1.8M
0.047µF
TO PIN 1
250k240k
0.01µF
SET V = 100mV
1M
REF
FIGURE 15. ICL7136 AND ICL7137: RECOMMENDED
COMPONENT VALUES FOR 2V FULL SCALE
40
OSC 1
39
OSC 2
38
OSC 3
37
TEST
36
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V -
G2
C3 A3
G3
35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
V+
+
IN
REF LO
COMMON
-
V-
BP/GND
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF 180k
0.047µF
TO PIN 1
20k100k
0.01µF
SET V
REF
= 100mV
27k
1.2V (ICL8069)
1M
+5V
+
IN
-
An external reference must be used in this application, since the voltage between V+ and V- is insufficient for correct operation of the internal reference.
FIGURE 16. ICL7137 OPERATED FROM SINGLE +5V
12
Page 13
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
40
OSC 1
39
OSC 2
38
OSC 3
37
TEST
36
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V ­G2 C3 A3 G3
GND
35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO DISPLAY
REF LO
COMMON
TO PIN 1
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF 180k
0.047µF
(Continued)
V+
The resistor values within the bridge are determined by the desired sensitivity.
FIGURE 17. ICL7137 MEASURING RATIOMETRIC VALUES OF
QUAD LOAD CELL
V+
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
G2 C3 A3 G3 BP
40 39 38 37 36 35
TO
LOGIC
34
GND
33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26
V-
V­25 24 23 22 21
O /RANGE
U /RANGE
CD4023 OR
74C10
TO LOGIC
V
CC
CD4077
1
V+ D1
2
C1
3
B1
4
A1
5
F1
6
G1
7
E1
8
D2
9
C2
10
B2
11
A2
12
F2
13
E2
14
D3
15
B3
16
F3
17
E3
18
AB4
19
POL
20
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 19. CIRCUIT FOR DEVELOPING UNDERRANGE AND
OVERRANGE SIGNAL FROM ICL7136 OUTPUTS
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V ­G2 C3 A3 G3
BP
40 39 38 37 36 35 34
0.1µF
33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO PIN 1
50pF
0.01µF
0.47µF 390k
TO DISPLAY
SCALE FACTOR ADJUST
100k1M 200k470k
ZERO ADJUST
TO BACKPLANE
22k
SILICON NPN MPS 3704 OR SIMILAR
+
9V
-
A silicon diode-connected transistor has a temperature coefficient of about -2mV/oC. Calibration is achieved by placing the sensing transistor in ice water and adjusting the zeroing potentiometer for a
000.0 reading. The sensor should then be placed in boiling water and the scale-factor potentiometer adjusted for a 100.0 reading.
Value depends on clock frequency.
FIGURE 18. ICL7136 USED AS A DIGITAL CENTIGRADE
THERMOMETER
+5V
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
C
REF
C
REF
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
G2 C3 A3 G3 BP
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26
V-
V­25 24 23 22 21
1
V+ D1
2
C1
3
B1
4
A1
5
TO LOGIC
V
CC
12k
The LM339 is required to ensure logic compatibility with heavy display loading.
O /RANGE
U /RANGE
CD4023 OR
74C10
F1
6
G1
7
E1
8
D2
9
C2
10
B2
11
A2
12
F2
13
E2
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
33k
D3 B3 F3 E3 AB4 POL
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 20. CIRCUIT FOR DEVELOPING UNDERRANGE AND
OVERRANGE SIGNALS FROM ICL7137 OUTPUT
13
Page 14
ICL7136, ICL7137
Typical Applications
OSC 1 OSC 2 OSC 3
TEST
REF HI
REF LO
C
REF
C
REF
COMMON
IN HI
IN LO
A-Z
BUFF
INT
V­G2 C3 A3 G3
BP
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
TO PIN 1
180k
50pF
0.1µF
0.47µF
0.047µF
TO DISPLAY
Test is used as a common-mode reference level to ensure compatibility with most op amps.
(Continued)
20k 220k
180k
TO BACKPLANE
10µF
10µF
SCALE FACTOR ADJUST (V
= 100mV FOR AC TO RMS)
REF
470k
1µF
4.3k
+
9V
-
100pF
(FOR OPTIMUM
BANDWIDTH)
10k
1µF
1N914
10k
5µF
1µF
0.22µF
CA3140
2.2M
+
-
100k
AC IN
FIGURE 21. AC TO DC CONVERTER WITH ICL7136
14
Page 15
Die Characteristics
ICL7136, ICL7137
DIE DIMENSIONS:
127 mils x 149 mils
METALLIZATION:
Type: Al Thickness: 10k
Å ±1kÅ
Metallization Mask Layout
(14)
(15)
D
3
B
(16)
3
F3 (17)
(18)
E
3
(19)
AB
4
PASSIVATION:
Type: PSG Nitride Thickness: 15k
Å ±3kÅ
WORST CASE CURRENT DENSITY:
4
2
9.1 x 10
ICL7136, ICL7137
E
2
(13)
2
2
(12)
A
F
B
(11)
C
2
2
(10)
D (9)
E
2
(8)
A/cm
(5)
A
1
(4) B
1
(3) C
1
(2) D
1
(1) V+
F
G
1
1
1
(6)
(7)
POL (20)
BP/GND (21)
G
(22)
3
(23)
A
3
C
(24)
3
(25)
G
2
V- (26)
(27) INT
(28)
BUFF
(29) A/Z
(30)
IN LO
(31)
IN HI
(32)
COMM
C
(33)
REF-
C
(34)
REF+
(35)
LO HI
REF
(40) OSC 1
(39) OSC 2
(38) OSC 3
(37) TEST
(36)
REF
15
Page 16
ICL7136, ICL7137
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
N
D1
-C-
E1
-B-
A1
A2
E
A
L
C
L
e
e
C
S
e
INDEX
AREA
BASE
PLANE
SEATING
PLANE
D1 B1
1 2 3 N/2
-A­D
e
B
0.010 (0.25) C AMB
NOTES:
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English and Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2 of Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and are measured with the leads constrained to be per-
e
pendicular to datum .
A
-C-
7. eB and eC are measured at the lead tips with the leads uncon­strained. eC must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3, E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
E40.6 (JEDEC MS-011-AC ISSUE B)
40 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
INCHES MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
A - 0.250 - 6.35 4 A1 0.015 - 0.39 - 4 A2 0.125 0.195 3.18 4.95 -
B 0.014 0.022 0.356 0.558 ­B1 0.030 0.070 0.77 1.77 8
A
C
B
C 0.008 0.015 0.204 0.381 ­D 1.980 2.095 50.3 53.2 5
D1 0.005 - 0.13 - 5
E 0.600 0.625 15.24 15.87 6 E1 0.485 0.580 12.32 14.73 5
e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC ­e
A
e
B
0.600 BSC 15.24 BSC 6
- 0.700 - 17.78 7
L 0.115 0.200 2.93 5.08 4
N40 409
NOTESMIN MAX MIN MAX
Rev. 0 12/93
16
Page 17
ICL7136, ICL7137
Metric Plastic Quad Flatpack Packages (MQFP/PQFP)
E
E1
0.40
0.016 0o MIN
0o-7
-H-
-A-
o
MIN
D
D1
-D-
Q44.10x10 (JEDEC MO-108AA-2 ISSUE A)
44 LEAD METRIC PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK PACKAGE
SYM-
BOL
INCHES MILLIMETERS
NOTESMIN MAX MIN MAX
A - 0.093 - 2.35 ­A1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25 ­A2 0.077 0.083 1.95 2.10 -
-B-
B 0.012 0.018 0.30 0.45 6 B1 0.012 0.016 0.30 0.40 -
D 0.510 0.530 12.95 13.45 3
D1 0.390 0.398 9.90 10.10 4, 5
E 0.510 0.530 12.95 13.45 3
e
PIN 1
E1 0.390 0.398 9.90 10.10 4, 5
L 0.026 0.037 0.65 0.95 -
N44 447
e 0.032 BSC 0.80 BSC -
SEATING
PLANE
A
0.10
0.004
D
S
B
B1
0.13/0.23
0.005/0.009
-C-
S
o
5o-16
A2
o
L
5o-16
A1
0.20
M
0.008
0.13/0.17
0.005/0.007
BASE METAL
WITH PLATING
A-B
C
NOTES:
1. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact.
2. All dimensions and tolerances per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimensions D and E to be determined at seating plane .
4. Dimensions D1 and E1 to be determined at datum plane
-H-
.
5. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable protrusion is 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.
6. Dimension B does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
Rev. 1 1/94
-C-
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reser ves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under an y patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.intersil.com
17
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