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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
Figure 2 illustrates the ACRTC system environment. The following paragraphs will further describe
the system block diagram and design in more detail.
MPU
(8/16b)
SYSTEM
MEMORY
DMAC
ADDRESS
DATA
res_n
irq_n
d[15:0]
dtack_n
cs_n
rs
rw_n
dreq_n
dack_n
done_n
CONTROL
clk_2
Vss
Vcc
ACRTC
as_n
mrd
disp2_n
disp1_n
cud2_n
cud1_n
lpstb
exsync_n
vsync_n
hsync_n
ma[19:16]
mad[15:0]
FRAME
L
BUFFER
2MB, MAX
DOT SHIFTER
CRT
VIDEO
SIGNAL
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cs_nIChip Select: enables transfers between the host and the ACRTC.
clk_2
I/O
ARTC clock: is the baasic operating clock, twice the frequency of the dot clock.
-*
Higer-order
address
bits/character
screen
rastar
address:MA16/R0-
MA19/RA3
are
Higer-order
character
screen
rastar
address
bit:isthe
high
bitofthe
character
screen
MPU
Advanced CRT Controller
I/O SIGNAL DESCRIPTION:
The diagram below describes the I/O characteristics for each signal on the IC. The signal names
correspond to the signal names on the pinout diagrams provided.
I/O Characteristics:
Signal NameI/OGroupDescription
res_nIACRTC reset:
d[15,0]
rw_nI Read/write strobe: controls the direction of host/ACRTC transformers.
I/O
Databus (three state): are the bidirectional data bus to the host mpu or dmac. D0-D
are used in 8-bit data bus mode.
rs
dtack_n
irq_n
dreq_nI DMA request: recieves DMA acknowledge timing from the host DMAC.
dackI/ODMA acknoledge:
done_n
mad[15,0]
as_nO Address strobe: output demultiplexes the address/data bus.
MA16/R0
MA19/RA
RA
chr
mcyc
mrdO Frame buffer memory read: output controls the frame buffer data bus direction.
exsync_n
lpstbILightpen strobe: is the lightpen input
3
4
I
O
O
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I/O
Interface
DMAC
Interface
CRT
Interface
Register Select: selectsthe ACRTC register to be accessed. It isusually connected to
the least significant bit of the host address bus.
Data transfer acknowledge (three state): output provides asynchronous bus cycle
timing. It is compatible with the HD68000 mpu dtack output.
Interrupt request (open drain): output generates interrupt service requests to the
host MPU.
DMA done: terminates DMA transfer. It is compatible with the HD68450 DMAC
DONE signal.
Multiplexed frame buffer address/data bus: are the multiplexed frame buffer
address/data bus.
the upper bits of the graphics screen ddress multiplexed with th lower bits of the
character screen raster address.
raster address (up to 32 rasters.)
Graphic or character screen access: output indicates whether a graphic or character
screen is being accessed.
Frame buffer memory acess timing signal: is the frame buffer access timing output,
1/2 the frequency of clk_2.
Draw/refresh signal: output differentiates between drawing and CRT displayrefresh
cycles.
Display enable: programmable display enable outputs can enable, disable, and blanck
logical screens.
Coursor Display: outputs provides cursor timing programmed by ACRTC parameters
such as cursor definition, cursor mode, cursor address, etc.
External sync:allows synchronization between multiple ACRTSs and other videro
signal generators.
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Figure 2: ACRTC Block Diagram
res_n
dreq_n
DMA
dack_n
done_n
irq_n
Control
Unit
Interrupt
Control
Unit
16
d[15:0]
cs_n
rs_n
rw_n
dtack_n
MPU
Interface
ACRTC System Description:
Register
Address
Data
Drawing
Processor
Display
Processor
Timing
Processor
23
25
V
V
cc
SS
20
16
20
15
2
2
draw_adrs[19:0]
draw_data[15:0]
draw_en
write
disp_adrs[19:0]
raster_adrs[4:0]
chr_int
ccud
lpstb
gcud[1:0]
hsync
vsync
exsync
disp[1:0]
m_cyc
as
clk2
CRT
Interface
draw_n
mrd
16
4
2
2
mad[15:0]
ma19_16_ra[3:0]
ra4
chr
lpstb
cud1_n, cud2_n
hsync_n
vsync_n
exsync_n
disp1_n, disp2_n
mcyc
as_n
clk_2
Some CRT controllers provide a single bus interface to the frame buffer that must be shared with the host
MPU. However, refreshing large frame buffers, and accessing the frame buffer for drawing operations can
quickly saturate the shared bus.
The ACRTC uses separate host MPU and frame buffer interfaces. This allows the ACRTC full access to the
frame buffer for display refresh and drawing operations and minimizes the use of the MPU system bus by the
ACRTC. A related benefit is that a large frame buffer (2 MB for each ACRTC) can be used, even if the host
MPU has a smaller address space or segment size restriction.
The ACRTC can use an external Direct Memory Access Controller (DMAC) to increase system throughput
when many commands, parameters and data must be transferred to the ACRTC. Advanced DMAC features
such as the HD68450 “chaining” modes can be used to develop powerful graphics system architectures.
More cost-sensitive or less performance-sensitive applications might not require a DMAC. In these cases, the
interface to the ACRTC can be handled under MPU software control.
While both ACRTC bus interfaces (host MPU and frame buffer) are 16 bits wide, the ACRTC also offers an
8 bit MPU mode for easy connection to popular 8 bit busses.
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
Drawing Processor:
The Drawing Processor performs drawing operations on the frame buffer memory upon interpreting
commands and command parameters issued by the host bus (MPU or DMAC). The drawing
processor then executes ACRTC drawing algorithms and converts lo gical X-Y addresses to physical
frame buffer addresses.
The drawing processor uses three operation control units; the Drawing Algorithm Control unit, the
Drawing Address Generation unit and the Logical Operation unit.
The Drawing Algorithm Control Unit int erprets graphic commands and parameters and executes the
appropriate micro-programmed drawing algorithm. This control unit calculates coordinates using
logical pixel X-Y addressing.
The Drawing Address Generation Unit converts logical X-Y addresses from the Drawing Algorithm
Control unit to a bit address in the frame buffer. The frame buffer is organized as sequential 16 bit
words. The bit address consists of 20 bits and bits 0-4 specifying the logical pixel bit address within
the physical frame buffer word.
Logical Operation Unit, using the address calculated in the drawing algorithm control and drawing
address generation units, performs logical operations between the existing read data in the frame
buffer and the drawing pattern in the pattern RAM, and rewrites the results into the frame buffer. A
detailed description of the Drawing Processor is contained in its module specification.
Display Processor:
The display processor manages frame buffer refresh addressing based on the user specified display
screen organization. It combines and displays as many as 4 independent screen segments (3
horizontal split screens and 1 window) using an internal high-speed address calculation unit. It
controls display refresh outputs in graphic (physical frame buffer address) or character (physical
refresh memory address and row address) modes.
Display Functions:
The ACRTC allows the frame buffer to be divided into four separate logical screens:
• Upper
• Base
• Lower
• Window
In the simplest case, only the base screen parameters must be defined. Other screens may be
selectively enabled, disabled, and blanked under software control.
The background screens (upper, base, and lower) split the screen into three horizontal partitions
whose positions are fully programmable. The window screen is unique, since the ACRTC usually
gives it higher priority than the background screens. A typical application might be to use the base
screen for the bulk of the user interaction, while using the upper screen for pull-down menus and the
lower screen for status line indicators. The exception is in the ACRTC superimpose mode, in which
the window has the same priority as the background screens. In this mode, the window and
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background screens are superimposed on the display. Figure 3 is an example of the screen
combinations.
Figure 3: Screen Combination Examples
Screen Number
0
1
2
3
Upper
Base
Lower
Screen NameScreen Group
Upper Screen
Base Screen
Lower Screen
Window Screen
Window
UpperUpper
Base
Background Screen
Base
Base
Window
Window
Lower
Window
Lower
Display Control:
The ACRTC can have two types of external frame memory: 2 Mbyte frame buffer and 128 kbyte
refresh memory. The chr signal controls which memory is accessed.
Each screen has its own memory width, vertical display width, and character/graphic attribution set
by the control registers. Horizontal display control registers are set in units of memory cycles.
Vertical display control registers are set in units of rasters. Figure 4 illustrates the relation between the
frame memory and the display screens, while Figure 5 illustrates the timing.
Note that display width of registers marked with an (*) in Figure 4 is:
Display width = Register value + 1 memory cycle.
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Figure 4: Frame Memory and Display Screens
Frame Memory Image
Refresh Memory
(Character)
$0000
MW0
$FFFF
$00000
Frame Buffer
(Graphic)
SA0
SA2
SA1
File Name: MOS
MW2
Left:Layout
Right :Symbol
MW1
File Name: MOS
MW3
SA3
Left:Layout
Right :Symbol
$FFFFF
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Figure 5: Display Screen Specification
HC*
hsync_n
HWS*HWW*
HDS*HSWHDW*
Display Screen Period
(Upper)
(Base)(Base)
(Lower)
(Window)
vsync_n
VDSSP0SP1SP2
VC
VSWVWSVWW
Timing Processor:
The Timing Processor generates the CRT synchronization signals and signals used internally
by the ACRTC. The details for this block are contained in the module specification for the
Display Processor.
CRT Interface:
The CRT Interface manages the communication between the frame buffer, the light pen and the
CRT. The frame buffer interface manages the frame buffer bus and selects display drawing or
refreshes address outputs. The light pen interface uses a 20-bit address register and a strobe input pin
(lpstb).
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Frame Buffer Interface:
The ACRTC allows for two types of independent frame memories. The first type is up to a 2 Mbyte
frame buffer and the second is a 128 Kbytes refresh memory. The chr output pin can access either
the Graphic or Character screen.
The width of the frame memory is defined by setting-up the memory width register (mwr) and
independently, the horizontal display width is defined by the horizontal display register (hdr). This
allows for the frame buffer area to be bigger than the display area; reference Figure 6.
Figure 6: Frame Memory and Display Screen Area
Memory Width
Start Address
Vertical
Display Screen Area
Display
Width
The ACRTC has two ways to access the frame memory (or buffer); (1) Display Memory Access
(three types) and (2) Graphic Address Increment mode.
Display Memory Access Modes:
In Single Access Mode, a display or drawing cycle is defined as two cycles of clk_2. During the first
cycle, the frame buffer display or drawing address is output. During the second clk_2 cycle, the
frame buffer data is read (display cycles and/or drawing cycles) or written (drawing cycles).
Display and drawing cycles contend for access to the frame buffer. The ACRTC allows the priority
to be defined as display priority or drawing priority. If display has priority, drawing cycles are only
allowed to occur during the horizontal or vertical fly back periods (a ‘flash less’ display is obtained).
If drawing has priority, drawing may occur during display (display may flash).
text
Horizontal Display Width
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In Interleaved Access Mode (dual access mode 0), display cycles and drawing cycles are interleaved.
A display or drawing cycle is defined as four cycles of clk_2.
• During the first clk_2 cycle, the ACRTC outputs the frame buffer display address.
• During the second clk_2 cycle, the display data is output from the frame buffer.
• During the third clk_2, the ACRTC outputs the frame buffer drawing address.
• During the fourth clk_2 cycle, the ACRTC reads or writes the drawing data.
In Superimposed Access Mode (dual access mode 1), two separate logical screens are accessed during
each display cycle. The display cycle is defined as four clk_2 cycles. If the third and fourth cycles are
not used for window display, they can be used for drawing; similar to the Interleaved Mode.
• During the first clk_2 cycle, the ACRTC outputs the background screen frame buffer address.
• During the second clk_2 cycle, the background screen displays data.
• During the third clk_2 cycle, the ACRTC outputs the window screen frame buffer address or the
drawing frame buffer address.
• During the fourth clk_2 cycle, the ACRTC reads (display or drawing) or writes (drawing) the
window screen display or drawing data.
Graphic Address Increment (GAI) Mode:
The ACRTC can be programmed to control the graphic display address in one of six ways, by
incrementing by 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 words, 1 word every two display cycles, and no increment. Setting
GAI to increment by 2, 4, 8, or 16 words per display cycle achieves 2, 4, 8, or 16 times the video data
rate corresponding to GAI = 1. This allows the number of bits/logical pixel and logical pixel
resolution to be increased while meeting the clk_2 maximum frequency constraint.
When the frame buffer memory uses dynamic RAMs (DRAMs), the ACRTC automatically provides
DRAM refresh addressing.
During hsync_n low, the ACRTC outputs the values of an 8-bit DRAM refresh counter on the
multiplexed frame buffer address and data bus mad[15:0]. The counter is decremented on each
frame buffer access. The refresh address pin assignment (mad[15:0]) depends on the GAI mode.
The remaining mad and ma19_16_ra outputs not used for refresh addressing are cleared to a low
value.
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Address Space:
The ACRTC allows the host to issue commands in logical X-Y coordinates. The ACRTC then
converts the physical linear word addresses with bit field offsets in the frame buffer. Figure 7 shows
the relationship between the logical X-Y screen address and the frame buffer memory. The frame
buffer memory is organized as sequential 16 bit words. The host may specify 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 physical
bits in the frame buffer. The system in the figure uses 4 bit logical pixels, allowing for 16 colors or
tones.
Figure 7: Logical/Physical Addressing
Physical Addressing
(Frame Buffer)
1 pixel data
bit
15
bit
0
SAD
Logical Addressing
Origin
Display Screen
Y
(x,y)
X
MW
Y
(x,y)
X
SAD
Origin
MW
Up to 4 logical screens may be mapped onto the ACRTC physical address space. The four screens
are the upper, base, lower, and window screens. The host first specifies the following:
• A logical screen starting address.
• A logical screen physical memory width (memory words per raster).
• A logical pixel physical memory width (bit per pixel).
• A logical origin physical address.
Then the ACRTC converts the logical pixel X-Y addresses issued by the host MPU or the drawing
processor to physical frame buffer addresses. The device also performs bit extraction and masking
to map logical pixel operations to 16 bit word frame buffer addresses.
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Memory Map:
The ACTRC has over 200 bytes of accessible registers organized as Hardware, Direct, and FIFO
Access. Figure 8 illustrates the programming memory map model.
• The ACRTC registers are initialized by res_n as follows:
• Drawing and display operations are stopped
• Status register (SR) is initialized to $FF23
• Command control register (CCR) is initialized to $8000.
• Operation mode register bits MS and STR are reset to 0.
• All other registers are unaffected by res_n.
• The FIFO Entry (FE) pointer is cleared, and the written command/parameter and the read
data are lo st.
• The DRAM refresh address is placed on the mad lines determined by graphic address
increment (GAI). Refresh continues to function until the start bit (STR) is set to 1. hsync_n
is also held low during the period from res_n until str is set by the MPU.
For directly accessible registers, the register address is shown as ‘rXX’, and FIFO accessible registers
are shown as ‘PrXX’, where XX is interpreted as an 8 bit hexadecimal value. Hexadecimal numbers
are denoted by a leading ‘$’.
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Figure 8: Programming Model
Address Register
Status Register
FIFO Entry
Command Control Register
Operation Mode Register
Display Control Register
Write FIFO
Raster Counter
Horizontal Sync
Horizontal Display
Vertical Sync
Vertical Display
Split Screen Width
Blink Control
Horizontal Window Display
Vertical Window Display
Graphic Cursor
Split Screen 0
(Upper Screen)
Split Screen 1
(Base Screen)
Split Screen 2
(Lower Screen)
Split Screen 3
(Window Screen)
Pattern
RAM
Read FIFO
Command Register
16 x 16
Color 0
Color Comparison
Edge Color
Mask
Pattern RAM Control
Block Cursor
Cursor Definition
Zoon Factor
Light Pen Address
Drawing
Parameter
Register
Area Definition
Read/Write Pointer
Drawing Pointer
Current Pointer
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Hardware Access:
The ACRTC is connected to the host MPU as a standard memory-mapped peripheral that occupies
two word locations of the host’s address space. When rs=0, read operations access the status
register, and write operations access the address register.
The status register summarizes the ACRTC State; it monitors the overall state of the ACRTC for the
host MPU. When the MPU wants to access a direct access register, it puts the register’s address into
the ACRTC address register.
Direct Access:
The MPU accesses the direct access registers by loading the register address into the address register.
Then, when the MPU accesses the ACRTC with rs=1, the chosen register is accessed. The FIFO
entry register enables the MPU to access FIFO access registers using the ACRTC read and write
FIFOs.
The command control register controls overall ACRTC operations, such as aborting or pausing
commands, defining DMA protocols, and enabling/disabling interrupt sources.
The operation mode register defines basic parameters of ACRTC operation, such as frame buffer
access mode, display or drawing priority, cursor and display timing skew factors, and raster scan
mode.
The display control register independently enables and disables the four ACRTC logical address
screens (upper, base, lower, and window). It also contains 8 user-defined video attribute bits.
The timing control RAM registers define ACRTC timing, including timing specifications for CRT
control signals (hsync_n, vsync_n, etc.), logical display screen size and display period, and blink
period.
The display control RAM contains registers that define logical screen display parameters, such as start
address, raster address, and memory width. It also includes the cursor definition, zoom factor, and
lightpen registers.
FIFO Access:
For high-performance drawing, key drawing processor registers are coupled to the host MPU via the
ACRTC’s 16-byte read and write FIFOs. Figure and Figure illustrate the hardware and direct access
register information.
ACRTC commands are sent from the MPU via the write FIFO to the command register. As the
ACRTC completes a command, the next command is automatically fetched from the write FIFO and
put into the command register.
The pattern RAM defines drawing and painting patterns. It is accessed with the ACRTC’s Read
Pattern RAM (RPTN) and Write Pattern RAM (WPTN) register access commands.
The drawing parameter registers define detailed parameters of the drawing process, such as color
data, area control (hitting/clipping), and pattern RAM pointers. The drawing parameter registers are
accessed using the ACRTC’s Read Parameter Register (RPR) and Write Parameter Register (WPR)
commands. Figure illustrates the drawing parameter registers.
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Figure 9: Hardware Access and Direct Access Registers
Reg NameReg #1514131211109876543210
Address
Reg(AR)
Status
Reg(SR)
FIFO
Entry(FE)
Command
Control
(CCR)
Operation
Mode (OMR)
Display
Control
(DCR)
Undefined
Raster
Count(RCR)
Horizontal
Sync(HSR)
Horizontal
Display
(HDR)
AR$0Address
ST$0
$00FIFO Entry
$02
$04
$06
$08-$7E, $9E-
$BE, $F0-$FE
$80$0RC
$82HC$0HSW
$84HDSHDW0, 1, 0/1
ABT PSE DDM CDM DRC
MS STR ACPWSS
DSP SE1SE0SE2SE3ATR0, 1, 0/1
GBM
CSKDSK
CER ARD CED LPD RFF RFR WFR WFE
CRE ARE CEE LPE RFE RRE WRE WEE
RAM
$0
GAIACMRSM0, 1, 0/1
cs_n, rs,
rw_n
0, 0, 0
0, 0, 0
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 1
0, 1, 0/1
Vertical
Sync(VSR)
Vertical
Display
(VDR)
Split Screen
Width(SSW)
Blink Control
(BCR)
Horz.
Window
Disp(HWR)
Vert. Window
Disp(VDR)
Graphic
Cursor
(GCR)
$86$0VC0, 1, 0/1
VSW$88VDS$00, 1, 0/1
$8A$0SP1
$8C$0SP0
$8E$0SP2
$90BON1BOFF1BON2BOFF2
$92HWSHWW
$94$0VWS
$96$0VWW
$98CXECXS
$9A$0CSY
$9C$0CYE
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
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Figure 10: Hardware Access and Direct Access Registers (cont.)
Reg NameReg #14131211109876543210cs_n, rs, rw_n
Raster
Addr 0
(RAR0)
Memry
Wdth 0
(MWR0)
Strt Addr 0
(SAR0)
Raster
Addr 1
(RAR1)
Mem
Width 1
(MWR1)
Strt Addr 1
(SAR1)
Raster
Addr 2
(RAR2)
Memry
Wdth 2
(MWR2)
Strt Addr 2
(SAR2)
Raster
Addr 3
(RAR3)
Memry
Wdth 3
(MWR3)
Strt Addr 3
(SAR3)
Blk Cursor
1 (BCUR1)
$C0(Upper
Scrn)
$C2(Upper
Scrn)
$C4(Upper
Scrn)
$C6(Upper
Scrn)
$C8(Base
Scrn)
$CA(Base
Scrn)
$CC(Base
Scrn)
$CE(Base
Scrn)
$D0(Lower
Scrn)
$D2(Lower
Scrn)
$D4(Lower
Scrn)
$D6(Lower
Reg #
Scrn)
$D8(Wndw
Scrn)
$DA(Wndw
Scrn)
$DC(Wndw
Scrn)
$DE(Wndw
Reg #
Scrn)
$E0BCW1$0BCSR1BCER1
$E2BCA1
15
$0$0LRA0FRA00, 0, 0
CH
R
CH
R
CH
R
CH
R
$0MW00, 0, 0
$0SDA0$0SA0H/SRA00, 1, 0/1
SA0L
$0LRA1$0FRA10, 1, 0/1
MW1$00, 1, 0/1
$0SA1H/SRA1SDA1$00, 1, 0/1
SA1L
$0$0LRA2FRA20, 1, 0/1
MW2$00, 1, 0/1
$0SA2H/SRA2SDA2$00, 1, 0/1
SA2L
$0$0LRA3FRA30, 1, 0/1
MW3$00, 1, 0/1
$0SA3H/SRA3SDA3$0
SA3L
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 1
cs_n, rs, rw_n0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
cs_n, rs, rw_n0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
Blk Cursor
2 (BCUR2)
Cursor Def.
(CDR)
Zoom
Factor
(ZFR)
Lightpen
Addr
(LPAR)
$E4BCW2$0BCSR2BCER2
$E5BCA2
$E8CMCON1COFF1$0CON2COFF20, 1, 0/1
$EAHZFVZF$00, 1, 0/1
$EC$0FRA3
$EELPAL
CH
R
$00, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
0, 1, 0/1
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Figure 11: Drawing Parameter Registers
Reg NameReg #1514131211109876543210Read/Write
Color 0 (CL0)Pr00CL0R/W
Color 1 (CL1)Pr01CL1R/W
Color Cmpr
(CCMP)
Edge Color
(EDG)
Mask
(MASK)
Pattern RAM
Control
(PRC)
Area
Def(ADR)->
Set 2's Comp.
for neg.
values of X
and Y axis.
Read Write
Pntr (RWP)
Undefined
Drawing Pntr
(DP)
Pr02CCMPR/W
Pr03EDGR/W
Pr04MASKR/W
Pr05R/W
Pr06R/W
Pr07R/W
Pr08XMINR/W
Pr09YMINR/W
Pr0AXMAXR/W
Reg #
Pr0CYMAXR/W
Pr0CR/W
Pr0DRWPLR/W
Pr0E-Pr0F,
Pr14-Pr15
Pr10R
Pr11R
PPYPZCYPPXPZCX
PSY$0PSX$0
PEYPZYPEXPZX
15
DN$0RWPH
$0
$0R/W
DN$0DPAH
DPALDPD
cs_n, rs, rw_n
Current
Pntr(CP)->
Set 2's Comp.
for neg.
values
Pr12R
Pr13R
X
Y
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
COMMAND TRANSFER MODES:
Program Transfer and DMA Transfer are the two modes used to transfer commands and associated
parameters issued by the MPU to the ACRTC.
Program Transfer:
Program transfer occurs when the MPU specifies the FIFO entry address and then writes operation
code/parameters to the write FIFO under program control. The MPU writes are normally
synchronized with ACRTC FIFO status by software polling or interrupts.
Software Polling (WFR, WFE interrupts disabled):
• MPU program checks the SR for WFR=1, and then writes 1-word operation code/parameters, or
• MPU program checks the SR for write WFE=1, and the writes 1- to 8-word operation
code/parameters.
Interrupt Driven (WFR, WFE interrupts enabled):
• MPU WFR interrupt service routine writes 1-word operation code/parameters, or
• MPU WFE interrupt service routine writes 1- to 8-word operation code/parameters.
DMA Transfer:
Commands and parameters can be transferred from MPU system memory by an external DMAC.
The MPU initiates and terminates command DMA transfer mode under software control.
Command DMA can also be terminated by assertion of the done_n input.
Using command DMA transfer, the ACRTC will issue cycle stealing DMA requests to the DMAC
when the write FIFO is empty. The DMA data is automatically sent from system memory to the
ACRTC write FIFO regardless of the contents of the address register.
Command Function:
The ACRTC commands are divided into three groups, register access commands, data transfer
commands, and graphic drawing commands.
Register access commands:
Access to the drawing processor drawing parameter registers and the pattern RAM is through the
read/write FIFOs using register access commands. When writing register access commands to an
initially empty write FIFO, the MPU does not have to synchronize to write FIFO status. The
ACRTC can fetch and execute these commands faster than the MPU can issue them.
Data transfer commands:
Data is moved between the host system memory and the frame buffer, or within the frame buffer
using the data transfer commands. Before issuing these commands, a physical 20-bit frame buffer
address must be specified in the RWP (read/write pointer) drawing parameter register.
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IA63484 Data Sheet
∑
∑
∑
∑
Advanced CRT Controller
Graphic Drawing Commands:
The graphic drawing commands cause the ACRTC to draw. Graphic drawing is performed by
modifying the contents of the frame buffer based on micro coded drawing algorithms in the ACRTC
drawing processor. Parameters for these commands are specified using logical X-Y addressing. The
display processor performs the complex task of translating a logical pixel address to a linear frame
buffer word address, and further, selecting the proper sub field of the word.
Many instructions allow specification in either absolute or relative X-Y co ordinates. In both cases,
two’s compliment numbers represent both positive and negative values.
Table 2 and Table 3 tabulate the ACRTC drawing commands and Op-Codes available.
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
Table 3: Opcode Map
Type
Register Access Command
Data Transfer Command
Graphic Drawing Command
MnemonicOperation CodeParameter
ORG0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0DPH DPL
WPR0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 RND
RPR0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 RN
WPTN0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRAnD1,...,Dn
RPTN0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRAn
DRD0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0AXAY
DWT0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0AXAY
DMOD0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MMAXAY
RD0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WT0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0D
MOD0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MMD
CLR0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0DAXAY
SCLR0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MMDAXAY
CPY00 1 1 0 S DSD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SAH SAL AX AY
SCPY01 1 1 1 S DSD 0 0 0 0 0 0 MMSAH SAL AX AY
AMOVE1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0XY
RMOVE1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0dXdY
ALINE1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 AREA COL OPMXY
RLINE1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 AREA COL OPMdXdY
ARCT1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 AREA COL OPMXY
RRCT1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 AREA COL OPMdXdY
APLL1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 AREA COL OPMnX1,Y1,...XN,YN
RPLL1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 AREA COL OPMndX1,dY1,...dXN,dYN
APLG1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 AREA COL OPMnX1,Y1,...XN,YN
RPLG1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 AREA COL OPMndX1,dY1,...dXN,dYN
CRCL1 0 1 0 1 0 0 C AREA COL OPMr
ELPS1 0 1 0 1 1 0 C AREA COL OPMabDX
AARC1 0 1 1 0 0 0 C AREA COL OPMXcYcXeYe
RARC1 0 1 1 0 1 0 C AREA COL OPMdXcdYcdXedYe
AEARC1 0 1 1 1 0 0 C AREA COL OPMabXcYcXeYe
REARC1 0 1 1 1 1 0 C AREA COL OPMabdXcdYcdXedYe
AFRCT1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 AREA COL OPMXY
RFRCT1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 AREA COL OPMdXdY
PAINT1 1 0 0 1 0 0 E AREA 0 0 000
DOT1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 AREA COL OPM
PTN1 1 0 1 SL SD AREA COL OPMSZ
AGCPY1 1 1 0 S DSD AREA 0 0 OPMXsYsDXDY
RGCPY1 1 1 1 S DSD AREA 0 0 OPMdXsdYsdDXdDY
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
AC/DC PARAMETERS:
Absolute maximum ratings:
Operating Temp (Comm’l)…….......................………………...…..0°C to +70°C
Storage Temperature.......................................…....……....……...…- 65°C to 150°C
VCC Supply Voltage…………......................................………..…... - 0.3V to +4.6V
Input Voltage Range…...............................................…..................... - 0.3V to +4.6V
Allowable Input Current……………………………………….…………. TBD
Total Allowable Input Current……………………………………………..TBD
Recommended Operating Conditions (@ 9.8 MHz):
Power Supply VCC………………………………………………..4.75V to 5.25V
Input Low Voltage VIL……………………………………………..…0V to 0.8V
Input High Voltage VIH…………………………………………...….2.0V to V
Operating Temperature Range…………………………………….....0°C to 70°C
DC Characteristics:
Item Symbol Min Max Unit Test Conditions
Input High Level
Voltage
Input Low Level
Voltage
Input Leak
Current
Hi-Z Input
Current
Output High
Level Voltage
Output Low
Level Voltage
Output Leak
Current(Hi-Z)
All Inputs VIH 2.0 - V 9.8 MHz
All Inputs VIL - 0.8 V 9.8 MHz
rw_n, cs_n, rs, res_n,
Iin -10 10 uA V
dack_n, clk_2, lpstb
d[15:0], mad[15:0],
(VCC = 5.0V+5%, VSS = 0V, Ta = 0 to 70oC, unless otherwise noted.)
irq_n, done_n C
ICC TBD mA 9.8 MHz
CIN TBD pF TBD
TBD pF TBD
OUT
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
AC Characteristics:
Clock Timing:
ItemSymbol
Unit
MinMax
Operation Frequency of clk_2f19.8MHz
9.8 MHz Version
Clock Cycle Timet
Clock High Level Pulse Width
Clock Low Level Pulse Widtht
Clock Rise Time
Clock Fall Time
t
PWCH
PWCL
CYC
t
cr
t
cf
1021000ns
46500ns
46500ns
5ns
5ns
MPU Read / Write Cycle Timing:
ItemSymbol
rw_n Setup Time
rw_n Hold Timet
rs Setup Time
rs Hold Timet
cs_n Setup Time
cs_n High Level Width
t
RWS
RWH
t
RSS
RSH
t
CSS
t
WCSH
9.8 MHz Version
MinMax
50ns
0ns
50ns
0ns
40ns
60ns
Unit
Read Wait Time
Read Data Access Timet
Read Data Hold Time
Read Data Turn Off Timet
dtack_n Delay Time (Z to L)
dtack_n Delay Time (D to L)t
dtack_n Release Time (L to H)
dtack_n Turn Off Time (H to Z)t
Data Bus 3-State Recovery Time 1
Write Wait Time
Write Data Setup Timet
Write Data Hold Time
t
RWAI
RDAC
t
RDH
RDZ
t
DTKZL
DTKDL
t
DTKLH
DTKZ
t
DBRT1
t
WWAI
WDS
t
WDH
0ns
80ns
10ns
60ns
70ns
0ns
80ns
100ns
0ns
0ns
40ns
10ns
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
AC Characteristics (continued):
DMA Read / Write Cycle Timing:
ItemSymbol
dreq_n Delay Time 1t
dreq_n Delay Time 2t
DMA r / w_n Setup Timet
DMA r / w_n Hold Timet
dack_n Setup Timet
dack_n Hold Timet
DMA Read Wait Time
DMA Read Data Access Time
DMA Read Data Hold Time
DMA Read Data Turn Off Time
DMA dtack_n Delay Time (Z to L)
DMA dtack_n Delay Time (D to L)
DMA dtack_n Release Time (L to H)
DMA dtack_n Turn Off Time (H to Z)
done_n Output Delay Time
done_n Output Turn Off Time
Data Bus 3-State Recovery Time 2
done_n Input Pulse Width
DMA Write Wait Time
DMA Write Data Setup Time
DMA Write Data Hold Timet
DRQD1
DRQD2
DMRWS
DMRWH
DAKS
WDAKH
t
DRW
t
DRDAC
t
DRDH
t
DRDZ
t
DDTZL
t
DDTDL
t
DDTLH
t
DDTHZ
t
DND
t
DNL2
t
DBRT2
t
DNPW
t
DWW
t
DWDS
DWDH
9.8 MHz Version
MinMax
110ns
70ns
50ns
0ns
40ns
60ns
0ns
80ns
10ns
60ns
70ns
0ns
80ns
100ns
70ns
80ns
0ns
2
0ns
40ns
10ns
Unit
t
CYC
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IA63484 Data Sheet
Advanced CRT Controller
AC Characteristics (continued):
Frame Memory Read / Write Cycle Timing:
Item
as_n "Low" Level Pulse Width
Memory Address Hold Time 2
as_n Delay Time 1
as_n Delay Time 2
Memory Address Delay Time
Memory Address Hold Time 1
Memory Address Turn Off Time (A to Z)
Memory Read Data Setup Time
Memory Read Data Hold Time
ma_ra Delay Time
ma_ra Delay Time
MCYC Delay Time
mrd Delay Timet
mrd Hold Timet
draw_n Delay Timet
draw_n Hold Timet
Memory Write Data Delay Timet
Memory Write Data Hold Timet
Memory Address Setup Time 1t
Memory Address Setup Time 2t
NOTE: t
is independent of clk_2 operation frequency (f) and timing of t
MAD
Symbol
t
PWASL
t
MAH2
t
ASD1
t
ASD2
t
MAD
t
MAH1
t
MAAZ
t
MRDS
t
MRDH
t
MARAD
t
MARAH
t
MCYCD
MRDD
MRH
DRWD
DRWH
MWDD
MWDH
MAS1
MAS2
9.8 MHz Version
MinMax
20ns
5ns
50ns
540ns
1050ns
15ns
35ns
30ns
0ns
60ns
5ns
540ns
50ns
5ns
50ns
5ns
50ns
5ns
10ns
10ns
and t
ASD2
MAS1
Unit
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