Datasheet HT82K68A Datasheet (Holtek Semiconductor Inc)

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Page 1

HT82K68A

Preliminary

Multimedia Keyboard Encoder Body

Features

Operating voltage: 2.2V~5.5V

34(42-pin)/32(40-pin) bidirectional I/O lines

One 8-bit programmable timer counter with

overflow interrupts Crystal or RC oscillator

Watchdog Timer

3K´16 program ROM

160´8 data RAM

General Description

The HT82K68A is an 8-bit high performance peripheral interface IC, designed for multiple I/O products and multimedia applications. It supports interface to a low speed PC with

HALT function and wake-up feature reduce

power consumption Six-level subroutine nesting

Bit manipulation instructions

16-bit table read instructions

63 powerful instructions

All instructions in 1 or 2 machine cycles

40-pin DIP/42-pin DIP/DICE form package

multimedia keyboard or wireless keyboard in Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows 2000 en vironment. A HALT feature is included to re duce power consumption.

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Page 2

Block Diagram

Program

ROM

Program

C ounter

Preliminary

STACK0

STACK1

STACK2

STACK3

STACK4

STACK5

In te rru p t

Circuit

IN T C

HT82K68A

SYS C LK/4

TM R

TM RC

8 bit

Instruction

R egister

Instruction

D ecoder

Tim ing

G enerator

OSC2 OSC1

RESET

VDD VSS

MP0 MP1

ALU

S h ifte r

ACC

MUX

M U X

DATA

Memory

STATUS

WDTS

WDT Prescaler

PORT E

PEC

PDC

PORT D

PCC

PORT C

PBC

PORT B

PAC

PORT A

SYS C LK/4

WDT

PE0~PE4

PD0~PD 7

PC0~PC 7

PB0~PB7

PA0~PA7

M U X

RC OSC

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Pin Assignment

Preliminary

HT82K68A

PB5(R5)

PB4(R4)

PA3(C3)

PA2(C2)

PA1(C1)

PA0(C0)

PB3(R3)

PB2(R2)

PB1(R1)

PB0(R0)

PD 7(R 15)

PD 6(R 14)

PD 5(R 13)

PD 4(R 12)

VSS

PE2(SCR)

PE3(NUM )

PC0(D ATA)

PC1(C LK)

PC2

H T 82K 68A

Pin Description

4 0 D IP

PB6(R6)

PB7(R7)

PA4(C4)

PA5(C5)

PA6(C6)

PA7(C7)

OSC2

OSC1

VDD

RESET

PE4(CAP)

PD 3(R 11)

PD 2(R 10)

PD1(R 9)

PD0(R 8)

PC 7(R 17)

PC 6(R 16)

PC5

PC4

PC3

PB5(R5)

PB4(R4)

PA3(C3)

PA2(C2)

PA1(C1)

PA0(C0)

PB3(R3)

PB2(R2)

PB1(R1)

PB0(R0)

PD7(R 15)

PD6(R 14)

PD5(R 13)

PD4(R 12)

VSS

PE2(SCR)

PE3(NUM )

PC0(D ATA)

PC1(C LK)

PC2

PE0

H T 82K 68A

4 2 D IP

PB6(R6)

PB7(R7)

PA4(C4)

PA5(C5)

PA6(C6)

PA7(C7)

OSC2

OSC1

VDD

RESET

PE4(CAP)

PD 3(R 11)

PD 2(R 10)

PD1(R 9)

PD0(R 8)

PC 7(R 17)

PC 6(R 16)

PC5

PC4

PC3

PE1

Pin Name I/O

PA0~PA7 I/O

PB0~PB7 I/O

PC0 I/O

PC1 I/O

Mask

Option

Wake-up

Pull-high

or None

Pull-high

or None

Wake-up

Pull-high

or None

Wake-up

Pull-high

or None

Description

Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as a wake-up input by mask option. Software* instructions determine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor 12K.

Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software* instructions deter mine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor.

This pin is an I/O port. NMOS open drain output with pull-high re sistor and can be used as DATA or CLOCK line of PS2. This pin can be configured as a wake-up input by mask option.

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

Pin Name I/O

PC2~PC3 I/O

PC4~PC7 I/O

PD0~PD7 I/O

PE0~PE1 I/O

PE2 O

PE3 O

PE4 O

VDD

VSS

RESET

OSC1 OSC2

¾¾ ¾¾

IOCrystal or

Mask

Option

Wake-up

Pull-high

or None

Pull-high

or None

Pull-high

or None

Pull-high

or None

Description

Bidirectional 2-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as a wake-up input by mask option. Software* instructions determine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor.

Bidirectional 4-bit input/output port. Software* instructions deter mine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor.

Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software* instructions deter mine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor.

Bidirectional input/output port. Software* instruction determine the CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor.

This pin is an NMOS output structure. The pad can function as LED (SCR) drivers for the keyboard. I

This pin is an NMOS output structure. The pad can function as LED (NUM) drivers for the keyboard. I

This pin is an NMOS output structure. The pad can function as LED (CAP) drivers for the keyboard. I

Positive power supply

Negative power supply, ground

Chip reset input. Active low. Built-in power-on reset circuit to reset the entire chip. Chip can also be externally reset via RESET

OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or a crystal for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output terminal for the 1/4 system clock; A 110kW resistor is connected to OSC1 to generate a 2 MHZ frequency.

=14mA, @VOL=3.2V

Note:

*: Software means the HT-IDE (Holtek Integrated Development Environment) can be configured by mask option.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Supply Voltage .............................-0.3V to 5.5V

Input Voltage ................V

Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maxi

mum Ratings² may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged expo sure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.

3V to VDD+0.3V

SS-0.

Storage Temperature ................-50°Cto125°C

Operating Temperature .............-25°Cto70°C

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

D.C. Characteristics

Symbol Parameter

DD1

DD2

STB1

STB2

IL1

IH1

LED

POR

PH1

Df/f Df/f1

Operating Voltage

Operating Current (Crystal OSC)

Operating Current (RC OSC)

Standby Current (WDT enabled)

Standby Current (WDT Disabled)

Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports

Input High Voltage for I/O Ports

Input Low Voltage (RESET

)

Input High Voltage (RESET

)

I/O Port Sink Current 5V

I/O Port Source Current 5V

LED Sink Current (SCR, NUM, CAP)

Power-on Reset Time 5V

Internal Pull-high Resistance of PA, PB, PC, PD, PE Port

Internal Pull-high Resistance of DATA, CLK

Frequency Variation 5V Crystal

Frequency Variation 5V RC

Test Conditions

Conditions

¾¾

No load, f

No load, system HALT

= 0.5V

= 4.5V

=3.2V

SYS

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

= 2MHz

Ta=25°C

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

2.2

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾¾ ¾¾ ¾¾ ¾¾

2.1

3.5

2.4

4.0

712

-2.5 -4.5 ¾

5.5 V

0.7 1.5 mA

25mA

0.5 1 mA

25mA

0.9 V

1.5 V

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

0.7 V

1.3 V

10 14 18 mA

120 150 180 ms

51220

2 4.7 8

¾¾±1 ¾¾±10

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

A.C. Characteristics

Symbol Parameter

SYS1

SYS2

WDTOSC

WDT1

WDT2

RES

SST

INT

Note: t

System Clock (Crystal OSC)

System Clock (RC OSC)

Watchdog Oscillator

Watchdog Time-out Period (RC)

Watchdog Time-out Period (System Clock)

External Reset Low Pulse Width

System Start-up Timer Period

Interrupt Pulse Width

= 1/f

SYS

Ta=25°C

Test Conditions

5V 9 17 35 ms

Conditions

¾¾2¾ ¾¾2¾ ¾¾ ¾¾ ¾ ¾

Without WDT prescaler

¾¾

Power-up or

wake-up from HALT

¾¾

Min. Typ. Max. Unit

MHz

2 12 MHz

2 20 MHz

45 90 180

35 65 130

12 23 45 ms

1024

¾¾ms

1024

¾¾ms

ms ms

SYS

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Page 7

Preliminary

Functional Description

Execution flow

The HT82K68A system clock is derived from ei ther a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles.

Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruction to effectively execute within one cycle. If an in struction changes the program counter, two cy cles are required to complete the instruction.

Program counter - PC

The 12-bit program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed and its contents specify a maximum of 4096 addresses.

After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the contents of the program counter are incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code.

When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial reset, internal interrupt, exter-

HT82K68A

nal interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading

the address corresponding to each instruction.

The conditional skip is activated by instruction. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execu tion, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise pro ceed with the next instruction.

The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a readable and writeable register (06H).Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The

destination will bewithin 256locations.

Once a control transfer takes place, an addi

tional dummy cycle is required.

Program memory - ROM

The program memory is used to store the pro gram instructions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized with 3072 ´ 16 bits, addressed by the program counter and table pointer.

Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage:

Location 000 This area is reserved for the initialization

program. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000H.

S ystem C lock

OSC2 (RC only)

(N M O S open drain output)

T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4

F e tc h IN S T (P C )

Execute IN S T (P C -1)

PC+1 PC+2

F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 )

Execute IN ST (P C )

F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 )

Execute IN S T (P C +1)

Execution flow

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Page 8

Preliminary

Location 008H This area is reserved for the timer counter in

terrupt service program. If timer interrupt re sults from a timer counter overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H.

Table location Any location in the ROM space can be used as

look-up tables. The instructions TABRDC [m] (the current page, 1 page=256 words) and TABRDL [m] (the last page) transfer the con tents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are trans ferred to the lower portion of TBLH, the re maining 1 bit is read as 0. The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The TBLH is read only and cannot be re stored. If the main routine and the ISR (Inter rupt Service Routine) both employ the table read instruction, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors can occur. In other words, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. How-

HT82K68A

000H

008H

n00H

nFFH

BFFH

ever, if the table read instruction has to be ap plied in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt is supposed to be disabled prior

to the table read instruction. It will not be en abled until the TBLH has been backed up. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write regis ter (07H), which indicates the table location. Before accessing the table, the location must be placed in TBLP. All table related instructions need 2 cycles to complete the operation. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon the requirements.

D evice initialization program

Tim er/event counter interrupt subroutine

Look-up table (256 w ords)

16 bits

N ote: n ranges from 0 to B

Program memory

Program ROM

Mode

Program Counter

*11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0

Initial reset 0 0 0 0 00000000

Timer counter overflow 0 0 0 0 00001000

Skip PC+2

Loading PCL

*11 *10 *9 *8

@7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0

Jump, call branch #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0

Return from subroutine S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0

Note: *11~*0: Program counter bits

#11~#0: Instruction code bits

S11~S0: Stack register bits @7~@0: PCL bits

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Page 9

Preliminary

Stack register - STACK

This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program coun ter (PC) only. The stack is organized into six lev els and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt ac knowledgement, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the pro gram counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack.

If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be re corded but the acknowledgement will be inhib ited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the pro grammer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent four return addresses are stored).

HT82K68A

Indirect Addressing R egister 0

00H

01H

Indirect Addressing R egister 1

02H

03H

04H

05H

06H

07H

08H

09H

0AH

0BH

0C H

0D H

0EH

0FH

10H

11H

12H

13H

14H

15H

16H

17H

18H

19H

1AH

1BH

1C H

1D H

1EH

1FH

20H

MP0

MP1

ACC

PCL

TBLP

TBLH

WDTS

STATUS

IN T C

TM R

TM R C

PAC

PBC

PCC

PDC

PEC

Special P urpose

DATA MEM ORY

: U nused.

R ead as ²00

Data memory - RAM

The data memory is designed with 184 ´ 8 bits. It is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory (160´8). Most of them are read/write,

60H

G eneral P urpose

DATA MEM ORY

(160 B ytes)

FFH

RAM mapping

but some are read only.

The special function registers include the Indirect Addressing register 0 (00H), the Memory Pointer register 0 (MP0;01H), the Indirect Ad dressing register 1 (02H), the Memory Pointer register 1 (MP1;03H), the Accumulator

Instruction(s)

*11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0

(ACC;05H), the Program Counter Lower-byte register (PCL;06H), the Table Pointer

(TBLP;07H), the Table Higher-order byte regis

ter (TBLH;08H), the Watchdog Timer option Set ting register (WDTS;09H), the Status register

Table Location

TABRDC [m] P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0

TABRDL [m] 1 0 1 1 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0

Note: *11~*0: Table location bits

P11~P8: Current program counter bits

@7~@0: Table location bits

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

(STATUS;0AH), the Interrupt Control register (INTC;0BH), the timer counter register (TMR;0DH), the timer counter control register (TMRC;0EH), the I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H, PD;18H, PE;1AH) and the I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H, PDC;19H, PEC;1BH). The remaining space be fore the 60H is reserved for future expanded us age and reading these locations will get the result 00H. The general purpose data memory, ad dressed from 60H to FFH, is used for data and control information under instruction com mand.

All data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate opera tions directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and re set by the SET [m].i and CLR [m].i instructions, respectively. They are also indirectly accessible through Memory pointer registers (MP0;01H, MP1;03H).

Indirect addressing register

Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] and [02H] can access the data memory pointed to by MP0 (01H) and MP1 (03H) respectively. Reading location 00H or 02H indirectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results in no operation.

The function of data movement between two indirect addressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are 8-bit registers which can be used to access the data memory by combining corresponding indirect addressing registers.

Accumulator

The accumulator is closely related to the ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the data memory and is capable of carrying out immediate data operations. The data move ment between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator.

Arithmetic and logic unit - ALU

This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operation. The ALU provides the following func tions:

Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB,

SBC, DAA)

Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL)

Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC)

Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC)

Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....)

The ALU not only saves the results of a data op eration but also changes the status register.

Status register - Status

The 8-bit status register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PD) and watch dog time-out flag (TO). The status register not only records the status information but also controls the operation sequence.

With the exception of the TO and PD flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instruc tions like most other registers. Any data writ ten into the status register will not change the TO or PD flags. It should be noted that operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO and PD flags can only be changed by system power up, Watchdog Timer overflow, executing the HALT instruction and clearing the Watchdog Timer.

The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations.

In addition, on entering an interrupt sequence or executing a subroutine call, the status regis ter will not be automatically pushed onto the stack. If the contents of status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precaution must be taken to save it properly.

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Page 11

Preliminary

HT82K68A

Interrupt

The HT82K68A provides an internal timer counter interrupt. The interrupt control regis ter (INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits to set not only the enable/disable status but also the interrupt request flags.

Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all other interrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt re quires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of the INTC may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be ac knowledged, even if the related interrupt is en abled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full.

All these kinds of interrupt have the wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack followed by a branch to a subrou tine at the specified location in the program

memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register and Status register (STATUS) are altered by the in

terrupt service program which corrupt the de

sired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance.

The internal timer counter interrupt is initialized by setting the timer counter interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC), which is normally caused by a timer counter overflow. When the in terrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location

08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag

(T0F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to dis able further interrupts.

During the execution of an interrupt subroutine,

other interrupt acknowledgements are held un

til the RETI instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To return from the in terrupt subroutine, a RET or RETI instruction may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to en able an interrupt service, but RET will not.

Interrupts occurring in the interval between

the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses,

Labels Bits Function

C is set if the operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a bor-

AC 1

OV 3

PD 4

TO 5

¾ ¾

row does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction.

AC is set if the operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or if no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared.

Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.

OV is set if the operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.

PD is cleared when either a system power-up or executing the CLR WDT in struction. PD is set by executing the HALT instruction.

TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the CLR WDT or HALT in struction. TO is set by a WDT time-out.

6 Undefined, read as "0"

7 Undefined, read as "0"

Status register

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Page 12

Preliminary

HT82K68A

will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are en abled. In the case of simultaneous requests, the following table shows the priority that is ap plied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.

No. Interrupt Source Vector

a Timer counter overflow 08H

The timer counter interrupt request flag (T0F), enable timer counter bit (ET0I), and enable master interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an inter rupt control register (INTC) which is located at 0BH in the data memory. EMI, ET0I, are used to control the enabling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (T0F) are set, they will remain in the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction.

It is suggested that a program does not use the ²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt sub routine. Because interrupts often occur in an un predictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications, if only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well

controlled, once the ²CALL subroutine² operates in

the interrupt subroutine it will damage the original control sequence.

Oscillator configuration

There are two oscillator circuits in HT82K68A.

OSC1

OSC2

Crystal Oscillator RC Oscillator

(NMOS Open Drain Output)

SYS

System oscillator

Both are designed for system clocks; the RC os cillator and the Crystal oscillator, which are de termined by mask options. No matter what

oscillator type is selected, the signal provides

the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and resists the external signal to conserve power.

OSC1

OSC2

Controls the master (global) interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled)

Undefined, read as "0"; programming must be "0"

Controls the timer counter interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled)

Undefined, read as "0"

Undefined, read as "0"; programming must be "0"

Internal timer counter request flag (1= active; 0= inactive)

Undefined, read as "0"

Unused bit, read as "0"

INTC

(0BH)

0 EMI

2 ET0I

¾ ¾

5 T0F

¾ ¾

INTC register

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VDD is needed and the re sistance must range from 51kW to 1MW. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to synchronize exter nal logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of the oscillation may vary with VDD, tempera ture and the chip itself due to process varia tions. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where accurate oscillator frequency is desired.

If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feed back and phase shift needed for oscillator, no other external components are needed. Instead of a crystal, the resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency ref erence, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required.

The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works for a period of ap proximately 78 ms. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by mask option to conserve power.

Watchdog Timer - WDT

The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (system clock divided by 4), decided by mask options. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by mask option. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT results in no operation.

Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator normally with a period of 78ms) is selected, it is first divided by 256 (8-stages) to get the nomi nal time-out period of approximately 20 ms. This time-out period may vary with tempera ture, VDD and process variations. By invoking the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be realized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the WDTS) can give different

time-out periods. If WS2, WS1, WS0 are all equal to 1, the division ratio is up to 1:128, and

the maximum time-out period is 2.6 seconds.

If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock

may still come from the instruction clock and

operate in the same manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop counting and

lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the

WDT logic can be restarted by external logic.

The high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are re served for user defined flags, which can be used to indicate some specified status.

If the device operates in a noisy environment,

using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is

strongly recommended, since the HALT will stop the system clock.

WS2 WS1 WS0 Division Ratio

000 1:1

001 1:2

010 1:4

011 1:8

1 0 0 1:16

1 0 1 1:32

1 1 0 1:64

1 1 1 1:128

WDTS register

The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize ²chip reset² and set the status bit TO. An overflow in the HALT mode, initializes a ²warm reset² only when the PC and SP are reset to zero. To clear the contents of the WDT (including the WDT prescaler ), three methods are adopted; ex ternal reset (a low level to RESET struction(s), or a HALT instruction. There are two types of software instructions; CLR WDT and CLR WDT1/CLR WDT2. Of these two types of in struction, only one can be active depending on the mask option -²CLR WDT times selection option². If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (ie. CLR WDT times equal one), any execution of the CLR WDT in struction will clear the WDT. In case ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (ie. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be exe

), software in

13 April 20, 2000

Page 14

Preliminary

HT82K68A

cuted to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip because of the time-out.

Power down operation - HALT

The HALT mode is initialized by the HALT in struction and results in the following...

The system oscillator will turn off but the WDT oscillator keeps running (if the WDT os cillator is selected).

The contents of the on chip RAM and regis ters remain unchanged.

WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and recount again (if the WDT clock has come from the WDT oscillator).

All I/O ports maintain their original status.

The PD flag is set and the TO flag is cleared.

The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an external falling edge signal on port A and port C [0:3] or a WDT over flow. An external reset causes a device initializa tion and the WDT overflow performs a ²warm reset². Examining the TO and PD flags, the rea son for chip reset can be determined. The PD flag is cleared when system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction and is set when the HALT instruction is executed. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the PC and SP, the others keep their original status.

The port A or port C [0:3] wake-up can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by mask option. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruc tion.

Once a wake-up event occurs, and the system clock comes from a crystal, it takes 1024 t (system clock period) to resume normal opera tion. In other words, the HT82K68A will insert a dummy period after the wake-up. If the sys

tem clock comes from an RC oscillator, it contin

ues operating immediately. If the wake-up results in next instruction execution, this will

execute immediately after the dummy period is completed.

To minimize power consumption, all I/O pins

should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status.

Reset

There are three ways in which a reset can occur:

RESET reset during normal operation

RESET reset during HALT

VDD

RESET

SST Tim e-out

C hip R eset

Reset timing chart

WDT time-out reset during normal operation

The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a warm reset that just resets the PC and SP, leaving the other circuits to remain in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most

registers are reset to the ²initial condition²

SYS

SST

S ystem clock/4

WDT OSC

Mask Option Select

8-bit C ounter

Watchdog Timer

W D T P resca le r

7-bit C ounter

8 -to -1 M U X

W DT Tim e-out

14 April 20, 2000

WS0~WS2

Page 15

Preliminary

RESET

Reset circuit

when the reset conditions are met. By examin ing the PD and TO flags, the program can dis tinguish between different ²chip resets².

TO PD RESET Conditions

0 0 RESET

RESET operation

0 1 RESET

WDT time-out during normal operation

1 1 WDT wake-up HALT

Note: ²u² means ²unchanged²

To guarantee that the system oscillator has started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system powers up or when it awakes from the HALT state.

HALT

WDT

Tim e-out

Reset

RESET

SST

OSC1

10-stage

R ipple C ounter

Power-on Detection

Reset configuration

reset during power-up

reset during normal

wake-up HALT

W arm R eset

Cold Reset

HT82K68A

When a system power-up occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. But when the reset comes from the RESET is disabled. Any wake-up from HALT will en able the SST delay.

The functional unit chip reset status is shown below.

PC 000H

Prescaler Clear

Clear. After master re

WDT

set, WDT begins count ing

Timer counter Off

Input/output ports Input mode

Points to the top of the stack

Timer counter

A timer counter (TMR) is implemented in the HT82K68A. The timer counter contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from the system clock divided by 4.

Using the internal instruction clock, there is only one reference time-base.

There are two registers related to the timer counter; TMR ([0DH]), TMRC ([0EH]). Two physical registers are mapped to TMR location; writing TMR makes the starting value be placed in the timer counter preload register and reading TMR gets the contents of the timer counter. The TMRC is a timer counter control register, which defines some options.

In the timer mode, once the timer counter starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the timer counter to FFH. Once overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer counter preload register and gener ates the interrupt request flag (TF; bit 5 of INTC) at the same time.

pin, the SST delay

15 April 20, 2000

Page 16

Preliminary

HT82K68A

To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit (TON; bit 4 of TMRC) should be set to 1. In the case of timer counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer counter preload reg ister will also reload that data to the timer counter. But if the timer counter is turned on, data written to it will only be kept in the timer counter preload register. The timer coun ter will still operate until overflow occurs. When the timer counter (reading TMR) is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As clock blocking may results in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the program

Input/output ports

There are 32 bidirectional input/output lines in the HT82K68A, labeled from PA to PE, which

are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H],

[16H], [18H] and [1AH] respectively. All these I/O ports can be used for input and output opera tions. For input operation, these ports are

non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready

at the T2 rising edge of instruction MOV A,[m] (m=12H, 14H, 16H, 18H or 1AH). For output op eration, all data is latched and remains un changed until the output latch is rewritten.

mer.

Label Bits Function

TON 4

TM0 TM1

0~3 Unused bits, read as "0"

To enable/disable timer counting (0= disabled; 1= enabled)

5 Unused bits, read as "0"

6 7

10= Timer mode (internal clock)

TMRC register

S ystem C lock/4

TM 1 TM 0 TO N

TM 1 TM 0

Pulse W idth M easurem ent M ode C ontrol

Data Bus

Tim er C ounter

Preload R egister

Tim er

C ounter

R eload

O verflow to Interrupt

Timer counter

16 April 20, 2000

Page 17

Preliminary

The state of the registers is summarized in the following table:

TMR xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TMRC 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u---

PC 000H 000H 000H 000H

MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

TBLH -xxx xxxx -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu -uuu uuuu

STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu

INTC -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu

WDTS 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu

PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PCC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PD 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PDC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu

PE ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu

PEC ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---1 1111 ---u uuuu

Reset

(power on)

WDT time-out

(normal

operation)

RESET

operation)

reset

(normal

RESET

(HALT)

reset

HT82K68A

WDT

time-out

(HALT)

000H*

Note:

²*² means warm reset ²u² means unchanged ²x² means unknown

17 April 20, 2000

Page 18

Preliminary

HT82K68A

Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PDC, PEC) to control the input/out put configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (mask option) struc tures can be reconfigured dynamically (i.e., on-the-fly) under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write ²1². The pull-high resistance will exhibit automatically if the pull-high option is selected. The input source(s) also depend(s) on the control register. If the control register bit is ²1², input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in ²read-modify-write² instruction. For output func tion, CMOS is the only configuration. These con trol registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H, 17H, 19H and 1BH.

Data Bus

W rite C ontrol R egister

C hip R eset

R ead C ontrol R egister

W rite I/O

After a chip reset, these input/output lines stay at high levels or floating (mask option). Each

bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by the SET [m].i or CLR [m].i (m=12H, 14H, 16H, 18H or 1AH) instruction.

Some instructions first input data and then fol low the output operations. For example, the SET [m].i, CLR [m].i, CPL [m] and CPLA [m] instructions read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator.

Each line of port A and port C [0:3] has the capa bility to wake-up the device.

W eak

Pull-up

M a sk O p tion

PA0~PA7 PB0~PB7 PC0~PC 7 PD0~PD 7 PE0~PE4

R ead I/O

System W ake-up (P A & P C 0~P C 3 only)

M U X

M a sk O p tion

Input/output ports

18 April 20, 2000

Page 19

Preliminary

Mask option

The following shows five kinds of mask option in the HT82K68A. All the mask options must be de fined to ensure proper system function.

No. Mask Option

OSC type selection. This option is to decide if an RC or Crystal oscillator is chosen as

system clock. If the Crystal oscillator is selected, the XST (Crystal Start-up Timer) default is activated, otherwise the XST is disabled.

WDT source selection. There are three types of selection: on-chip RC oscillator, in struction clock or disable the WDT.

CLRWDT times selection. This option defines the way to clear the WDT by instruc tion. ²One time² means that the CLR WDT instruction can clear the WDT. ²Two times² means only if both of the CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions have been executed, only then will the WDT be cleared.

Wake-up selection. This option defines the wake-up function activity. External I/O pins (PA and PC [0:3] only) all have the capability to wake-up the chip from a HALT.

Pull-high selection. This option is to decide whether the pull-high resistance is visi ble or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. Each bit of an I/O port can be independ ently selected.

Special power on reset. This option defines the function will reset the chip to prevent incorrect status. If the special power on reset is enabled, the chip must not enter the HALT mode.

HT82K68A

19 April 20, 2000

Page 20

Application Circuits

Preliminary

HT82K68A

R C o s c illa to r fo r m u ltip le I/O a p p lic a tio n s

F.B.

(N M O S O pen D rain O utput)

SYS

VDD

0.1

m10m

OSC1

OSC2

RESET RESET

CAP

NUM

SCR

CLK

DATA

HT82K68A

PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PD0 PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 PD5 PD6 PD7 PC6 PC7

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17

C r y s ta l o s c illa to r o r c e r a m ic r e s o n a to r fo r m u ltip le I/O a p p lic a t io n s

F.B.

Reserve for

R esonator

0.1

CLK

DATA

VDD

m10m

OSC1

OSC2

CAP

NUM

SCR

CLK

DATA

HT82K68A

PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6

PB7 PD0 PD1 PD2 PD3 PD4 PD5 PD6 PD7 PC6 PC7

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17

20 April 20, 2000

Page 21

Preliminary

HT82K68A

Instruction Set Summary

Mnemonic Description Flag Affected

Arithmetic

ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m]

DAA [m]

Logic Operation

AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m]

Increment & Decrement

INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m]

Rotate

RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m]

Add data memory to ACC Add ACC to data memory Add immediate data to ACC Add data memory to ACC with carry Add ACC to register with carry Subtract immediate data from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC with result in data memory Subtract data memory from ACC with carry Subtract data memory from ACC with carry with result in data memory Decimal adjust ACC for addition with result in data memory

AND data memory to ACC OR data memory to ACC Exclusive-OR data memory to ACC AND ACC to data memory OR ACC to data memory Exclusive-OR ACC to data memory AND immediate data to ACC OR immediate data to ACC Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC Complement data memory Complement data memory with result in ACC

Increment data memory with result in ACC Increment data memory Decrement data memory with result in ACC Decrement data memory

Rotate data memory right with result in ACC Rotate data memory right Rotate data memory right through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory right through carry Rotate data memory left with result in ACC Rotate data memory left Rotate data memory left through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory left through carry

Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV

None

None None

Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z

Z Z Z Z

C C

21 April 20, 2000

Page 22

Preliminary

Mnemonic Description Flag Affected

Data Move

MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x

Bit Operation

CLR [m].i SET [m].i

Branch

JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI

Table Read

TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m]

Miscellaneous

NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT

Move data memory to ACC Move ACC to data memory Move immediate data to ACC

Clear bit of data memory Set bit of data memory

Jump unconditional Skip if data memory is zero Skip if data memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of data memory is zero Skip if bit i of data memory is not zero Skip if increment data memory is zero Skip if decrement data memory is zero Skip if increment data memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt

Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH Read ROM code (last page) to data memory and TBLH

No operation Clear data memory Set data memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of data memory Swap nibbles of data memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode

HT82K68A

None None None

None None

None None None None None None None None None None None None None

None None

None None None

TO,PD TO*,PD* TO*,PD*

None None

TO,PD

Note: x: 8-bit immediate data m: 7-bit data memory address

A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits

addr: 12 bits program memory address

-: Flag(s) is not affected *: Flag(s) may be affected by the execution status

Ö: 0~7 number of bits

22 April 20, 2000

Page 23

Preliminary

HT82K68A

Instruction Definition

ADC A,[m] Add data memory and carry to the accumulator

Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag

are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ADCM A,[m] Add the accumulator and carry to data memory

Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ADD A,[m] Add data memory to the accumulator

Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC+[m]+C

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

are added simultaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory. [m] ¬ ACC+[m]+C

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

The result is stored in the accumulator. ACC ¬ ACC+[m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

ADD A,x Add immediate data to the accumulator

Description The contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving

the result in the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC+x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

23 April 20, 2000

Page 24

Preliminary

ADDM A,[m] Add the accumulator to the data memory

Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added.

The result is stored in the data memory.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

AND A,[m] Logical AND accumulator with data memory

Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise

Operation

Affected flag(s)

AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to the accumulator

Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logi

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ ACC+[m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

cal_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

HT82K68A

ANDM A,[m] Logical AND data memory with the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise

logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the data memory.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

24 April 20, 2000

Page 25

Preliminary

CALL addr Subroutine call

Description The instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated

address. The program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes this onto the stack. The indicated address is then loaded. Program execution continues with the instruction at this ad dress.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

CLR [m] Clear data memory

Description The contents of the specified data memory are cleared to zero.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

CLR [m].i Clear bit of data memory

Description The bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to zero.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Stack ¬ PC+1 PC ¬ addr

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

[m] ¬ 00H

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

[m].i ¬ 0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Description The WDT and the WDT Prescaler are cleared (re-counting from zero). The

power down bit (PD) and time-out bit (TO) are cleared.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

WDT and WDT Prescaler ¬ 00H PD and TO ¬ 0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾

25 April 20, 2000

¾¾¾¾

Page 26

Preliminary

CLR WDT1 Preclear Watchdog Timer

Description The TD, PD flags, WDT and the WDT Prescaler has cleared (re-counting

from zero), if the other preclear WDT instruction has been executed. Only ex ecution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction sets the in dicated flag which implies that this instruction has been executed and the TO and PD flags remain unchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

CLR WDT2 Preclear Watchdog Timer

Description The TO, PD flags, WDT and the WDT Prescaler are cleared (re-counting

Operation

Affected flag(s)

WDT and WDT Prescaler ¬ 00H* PD and TO ¬ 0*

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾

WDT and WDT Prescaler ¬ 00H* PD and TO ¬ 0*

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾

0* 0*

¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

CPL [m] Complement data memory

Description

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa.

[m] ¬ [m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

]

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

26 April 20, 2000

Page 27

Preliminary

CPLA [m] Complement data memory and place result in the accumulator

Description

Operation

Affected flag(s)

DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust accumulator for addition

Description The accumulator value is adjusted to the BCD (Binary Code Decimal) code.

Operation If ACC.3~ACC.0 >9 or AC=1

Affected flag(s)

Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s comple ment). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. The complemented result is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

ACC ¬ [m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

The accumulator is divided into two nibbles. Each nibble is adjusted to the BCD code and an internal carry (AC1) will be done if the low nibble of the ac cumulator is greater than 9. The BCD adjustment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a carry (AC or C) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. The result is stored in the data memory and only the carry flag (C) may be affected.

then [m].3~[m].0 ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0)+6, AC1=AC else [m].3~[m].0) ¬ (ACC.3~ACC.0), AC1=0 and If ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1 >9 or C=1 then [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+6+AC1,C=1 else [m].7~[m].4 ¬ ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1,C=C

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Ö

]

HT82K68A

DEC [m] Decrement data memory

Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by1.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ [m] 1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

27 April 20, 2000

Page 28

Preliminary

DECA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in

the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

HALT Enter power down mode

Description This instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. The

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ [m] 1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

contents of the RAM and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down bit (PD) is set and the WDT time-out bit (TO) is cleared.

PC ¬ PC+1 PD ¬ 1 TO ¬ 0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾

¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

INC [m] Increment data memory

Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

INCA [m] Increment data memory and place result in the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ [m]+1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. ACC ¬ [m]+1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

28 April 20, 2000

Page 29

Preliminary

JMP addr Directly jump

Description The contents of the program counter are replaced with the directly-specified

address unconditionally, and control is passed to this destination.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

MOV A,[m] Move data memory to the accumulator

Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

MOV A,x Move immediate data to the accumulator

Description The 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

PC ¬ addr

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

ACC ¬ [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

ACC ¬ x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

MOV [m],A Move the accumulator to data memory

Description The contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one

of the data memories).

Operation

Affected flag(s)

NOP No operation

Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ ACC

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

PC ¬ PC+1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

29 April 20, 2000

Page 30

Preliminary

OR A,[m] Logical OR accumulator with data memory

Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data

memories) perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to the accumulator

Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_OR

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ORM A,[m] Logical OR data memory with the accumulator

Description Data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory.

[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

HT82K68A

RET Return from subroutine

Description The program counter is restored from the stack. This is a two-cycle instruc-

tion.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

PC ¬ Stack

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

30 April 20, 2000

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RET A,x Return and place immediate data in the accumulator

Description The program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded

with the specified 8-bit immediate data.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

RETI Return from interrupt

Description The program counter is restored from the stack, and interrupts are enabled

Operation

Affected flag(s)

RL [m] Rotate data memory left

Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 ro

Operation

Affected flag(s)

PC ¬ Stack ACC ¬ x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit (bit 0; register INTC).

PC ¬ Stack EMI ¬ 1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

tated into bit 0. [m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)

[m].0 ¬ [m].7

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

RLA [m] Rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into

bit 0, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ [m].7

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

31 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

RLC [m] Rotate data memory left through carry

Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit

left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

RLCA [m] Rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Ö

Bit 7 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 po sition. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 ¬ C C ¬ [m].7

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Ö

HT82K68A

RR [m] Rotate data memory right

Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0

rotated to bit 7.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ [m].0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

32 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

RRA [m] Rotate right-place result in the accumulator

Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated

into bit 7, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

RRC [m] Rotate data memory right through carry

Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together ro

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC.(i) ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ [m].0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

tated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position.

[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Ö

HT82K68A

RRCA [m] Rotate right through carry - place result in the accumulator

Description Data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right.

Bit 0 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 ¬ C C ¬ [m].0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ Ö

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Preliminary

SBC A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator

Description Thecontents of thespecified data memory andthe complement ofthecarry flag

aresubtractedfromtheaccumulator,leaving the result in theaccumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SBCM A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator

Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SDZ [m] Skip if decrement data memory is 0

Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC+[m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

flag are subtracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory.

[m] ¬ ACC+[m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

is 0, the next instruction is skipped. If the result is 0, the following instruc tion, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (two cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (one cycle).

Skip if ([m]-1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]-1)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

]+C

HT82K68A

SDZA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0

Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result

is 0, the next instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following in struction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Skip if ([m]-1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]-1)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

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Preliminary

SET [m] Set data memory

Description Each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SET [m].i Set bit of data memory

Description

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SIZ [m] Skip if increment data memory is zero

Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ FFH

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

Bit ²i² of the specified data memory is set to 1. [m].i ¬ 1

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execu tion, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

Skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m] ¬ ([m]+1)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

SIZA [m] Increment data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0

Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result

is zero, the next instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. The data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Other wise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Skip if ([m]+1)=0, ACC ¬ ([m]+1)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

35 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

SNZ [m].i

Description

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SUB A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator

Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumula

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SUBM A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator

Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumula-

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Skip if bit ²i² of the data memory is not 0 If bit ²i² of the specified data memory is not zero, the next instruction is

skipped. If bit ²i² of the data memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

Skip if [m].i¹0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

tor, leaving the result in the accumulator. ACC ¬ ACC+[m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

tor, leaving the result in the data memory. [m] ¬ ACC+[m

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

]+1

SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from the accumulator

Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of

the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC+x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾ÖÖÖÖ

36 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

SWAP [m] Swap nibbles within the data memory

Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (one of

the data memories) are interchanged.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SWAPA [m] Swap data memory-place result in the accumulator

Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are inter

Operation

Affected flag(s)

SZ [m] Skip if data memory is 0

Description If the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction,

Operation Skip if [m]=0

Affected flag(s)

[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7~[m].4

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

changed, writing the result to the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.

ACC.3~ACC.0 ¬ [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4 ¬ [m].3~[m].0

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (2 cycle).

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

HT82K68A

SZA [m] Move data memory to ACC, skip if 0

Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. If

the contents is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current in struction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Skip if [m]=0, ACC ¬ [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

37 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

SZ [m].i

Description

Operation Skip if [m].i=0

Affected flag(s)

TABRDC [m] Move the ROM code (current page) to TBLH and data memory

Description The low byte of ROM code (current page) addressed by the table pointer

Operation

Affected flag(s)

TABRDL [m] Move the ROM code (last page) to TBLH and data memory

Description The low byte of ROM code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP)

Operation

Affected flag(s)

Skip if bit ²i² of the data memory is zero If bit ²i² of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched

during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

(TBLP) is moved to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly.

[m] ¬ ROM code (low byte) TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

is moved to the data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. [m] ¬ ROM code (low byte)

TBLH ¬ ROM code (high byte)

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

XOR A,[m] Logical XOR accumulator with data memory

Description Data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise

logical Exclusive_OR operation and the result is stored in the accumulator.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

38 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

XORM A,[m] Logical XOR data memory with the accumulator

Description Data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise

logical Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. The 0 flag is affected.

Operation

Affected flag(s)

XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to the accumulator

Description Data in the the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical

Operation

Affected flag(s)

[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

Exclusive_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. The 0 flag is affected.

ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x

TC2 TC1 TO PD OV Z AC C

¾¾¾¾¾Ö¾¾

HT82K68A

39 April 20, 2000

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Preliminary

HT82K68A

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)

No.3 Creation Rd. II, Science-based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Office)

5F, No.576, Sec.7 Chung Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: 886-2-2782-9635 Fax: 886-2-2782-9636 Fax: 886-2-2782-7128 (International sales hotline)

Holtek Semiconductor (Hong Kong) Ltd.

RM.711, Tower 2, Cheung Sha Wan Plaza, 833 Cheung Sha Wan Rd., Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: 852-2-745-8288 Fax: 852-2-742-8657

The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may pres ent a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.

40 April 20, 2000

Datasheet HT82K68A Datasheet (Holtek Semiconductor Inc)

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Features

General Description

Block Diagram

Pin Assignment

Pin Description

Absolute Maximum Ratings

D.C. Characteristics

A.C. Characteristics

Functional Description

Application Circuits

Instruction Set Summary

Instruction Definition