• Independent Manchester Encoder and Decoder
Operation
• Static to One Megabit/sec Data Rate Guaranteed
• Low Bit Error Rate
• Digital PLL Clock Recovery
• On Chip Oscillator
• Low Operating Power: 50mW Typical at +5V
• Available in 20 Lead Dual-In-Line and 20 Pad LCC
Package
Ordering Information
TEMPERATURE
PACKAGE
PDIP-40oC to +85oC HD3-6409-9E20.3
SOIC-40oC to +85oC HD9P6409-9M20.3
CERDIP-40oC to +85oC HD1-6409-9F20.3
DESC-55oC to 125oC 5962-9088801MRA F20.3
CLCC-40oC to +85oC HD4-6409-9J20.A
DESC-55oC to 125oC 5962-9088801M2A J20.A
RANGE1 MEGABIT/SEC
PKG.
NO.
CMOS Manchester Encoder-Decoder
Description
The HD-6409 Manchester Encoder-Decoder (MED) is a high
speed, low power device man uf actured using self-aligned silicon gate technology. The device is intended for use in serial
data communication, and can be operated in either of two
modes. In the converter mode, the MED converts Non
return-to-Zero code (NRZ) into Manchester code and
decodes Manchester code into Nonreturn-to-Zero code. For
serial data communication, Manchester code does not have
some of the deficiencies inherent in Nonreturn-to-Zero code.
For instance, use of the MED on a serial line eliminates DC
components, provides clock recovery, and gives a relatively
high degree of noise immunity. Because the MED converts
the most commonly used code (NRZ) to Manchester code,
the advantages of using Manchester code are easily realized
in a serial data link.
In the Repeater mode, the MED accepts Manchester code
input and reconstructs it with a recovered clock. This minimizes the effects of noise on a serial data link. A digital
phase lock loop generates the recovered clock. A maximum
data rate of 1MHz requires only 50mW of power.
Manchester code is used in magnetic tape recording and in
fiber optic communication, and generally is used where data
accuracy is imperative. Because it frames blocks of data, the
HD-6409 easily interfaces to protocol controllers.
Pinouts
HD-6409 (CERDIP, PDIP, SOIC)
TOP VIEW
1
BZI
BOI
2
UDI
3
SD/CDS
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207
1IBZlBipolar Zero InputUsed in conjunction with pin 2, Bipolar One Input (BOl), to input Manchester II
encoded data to the decoder, BZI and BOl are logical complements. When using
pin 3, Unipolar Data Input (UDI) for data input, BZI must be held high.
2IBOlBipolar One InputUsed in conjunction with pin 1, Bipolar Zero Input (BZI), to input Manchester II
encoded data to the decoder, BOI and BZI are logical complements. When using
pin 3, Unipolar Data Input (UDI) for data input, BOl must be held low.
3IUDIUnipolar Data InputAn alternate to bipolar input (BZl, BOl), Unipolar Data Input (UDl) is used to input
Manchester II encoded data to the decoder. When using pin 1 (BZl) and pin 2
(BOl) for data input, UDI must be held low.
4I/OSD/CDSSerial Data/Com-
mand Data Sync
5OSDOSerial Data OutThe decoded serial NRZ data is transmitted out synchronously with the decoder
6OSRSTSerial ResetIn the converter mode,SRST followsRST. In the repeater mode, when RST goes
7ONVMNonvalid Manchester A low on NVM indicates that the decoder has received invalid Manchester data
8ODCLKDecoder ClockThe decoder clock is a 1X clock recovered from BZl and BOl, or UDI to synchro-
9IRSTResetIn the converter mode, a low on RST forces SDO, DCLK, NVM, and SRST low.
10IGNDGroundGround
11OC
12II
13OO
14IMSMode SelectMS must be held low for operation in the converter mode, and high for operation
15ICTSClear to SendIn the converter mode, a high disables the encoder, forcing outputsBOO,BZO high
16OECLKEncoder ClockIn the converter mode, ECLK is a 1X clock output used to receive serial NRZ data
Clock OutputBuffered output of clock input IX. May be used as clock signal for other peripherals.
O
Clock InputIX is the input for an external clock or, if the internal oscillator is used, IX and O
X
Clock DriveIf the internal oscillator is used, OX and IX are used for the connection of the crys-
X
In the converter mode, SD/CDS is an input used to receive serial NRZ data. NRZ
data is accepted synchronously on the falling edge of encoder clock output
(ECLK). In the repeater mode, SD/CDS is an output indicating the status of last
valid sync pattern received. A high indicates a command sync and a low indicates
a data sync pattern.
clock (DCLK). SDO is forced low when RST is low.
low, SRST goes low and remains low afterRST goes high.SRST goes high only
when RST is high, the reset bit is zero, and a valid synchronization sequence is
received.
and present data on Serial Data Out (SDO) is invalid. A high indicates that the
sync pulse and data were valid and SDO is valid.NVM is set low by a low onRST,
and remains low after RST goes high until valid sync pulse followed by two valid
Manchester bits is received.
nously output received NRZ data (SDO).
A high on RST enables SDO and DCLK, and forces SRST high. NVM remains
low after RST goes high until a valid sync pulse followed by two Manchester bits
is received, after which it goes high. In the repeater mode, RST has the same effect on SDO, DCLK and NVM as in the converter mode. When RST goes low,
SRST goes low and remains low after RST goes high. SRST goes high only
when RST is high, the reset bit is zero and a valid synchronization sequence is
received.
are used for the connection of the crystal.
tal.
in the repeater mode.
and ECLK low. A high to low transition ofCTS initiates transmission of a Command
sync pulse. A low on CTS enables BOO, BZO, and ECLK. In the repeater mode,
the function ofCTS is identical to that of the converter mode with the exception that
a transition of CTS does not initiate a synchronization sequence.
to SD/CDS. In the repeater mode, ECLK is a 2X clock which is recovered from
BZl and BOl data by the digital phase locked loop.
X
5-3
Page 4
HD-6409
Pin Description
PIN
NUMBER TYPE SYMBOLNAMEDESCRIPTION
17ISSSpeed SelectA logic high on SS sets the data rate at 1/32 times the clock frequency while a
low sets the data rate at 1/16 times the clock frequency.
18OBZOBipolarZero OutputBZO and its logical complement BOO are the Manchester data outputs of the en-
coder. The inactive state for these outputs is in the high state.
19OBOOBipolar One OutSee pin 18.
20IV
NOTE: (I) Input(O) Output
CC
V
CC
VCC is the +5V power supply pin. A 0.1µF decoupling capacitor from VCC (pin-
20) to GND (pin-10) is recommended.
Encoder Operation
The encoder uses free running clocks at 1X and 2X the data
rate derived from the system clock l
is used to control the encoder outputs, ECLK,
for internal timing. CTS
X
BOO and
BZO. A free running 1X ECLK is transmitted out of the
encoder to drive the external circuits which supply the NRZ
data to the MED at pin SD/CDS.
A low on
CTS enables encoder outputs ECLK, BOO and
BZO, while a high on CTS forces BZO, BOO high and holds
ECLK low. When
CTS goes from high to low, a synchro-
nization sequence is transmitted out on
1
BOO and BZO. A
synchronization sequence consists of eight Manchester “0”
CTS
1
ECLK
SD/CDS
‘1’‘0’ ‘1’
BZO
2
‘1’ ‘0’ ‘1’
BOO
0000 0000
bits followed by a command sync pulse. A command
2
sync pulse is a 3-bit wide pulse with the first 1 1/2 bits high
followed b y 1 1/2 bits low. Serial NRZ data is clocked into
3
the encoder at SD/CDS on the high to low transition of ECLK
during the command sync pulse. The NRZ data received is
encoded into Manchester II data and transmitted out on
BOO and BZO following the command sync pulse. Fol-
4
lowing the synchronization sequence, input data is encoded
and transmitted out continuously without parity check or
word framing. The length of the data block encoded is
defined by
DON’T CARE
EIGHT “0’s”
CTS. Manchester data out is inverted.
3
COMMAND
SYNC
4
t
CE6
FIGURE 1. ENCODER OPERATION
Decoder Operation
The decoder requires a single clock with a frequency 16X or
32X the desired data rate. The rate is selected on the speed
select with SS low producing a 16X clock and high a 32X
clock. For long data links the 32X mode should be used as
this permits a wider timing jitter margin. The internal operation of the decoder utilizes a free running clock synchronized
with incoming data for its clocking.
The Manchester II encoded data can be presented to the
decoder in either of two ways. The Bipolar One and Bipolar
SYNCHRONIZATION SEQUENCE
t
CE5
Zero inputs will accept data from differential inputs such as a
comparator sensed transformer coupled bus. The Unipolar
Data input can only accept noninverted Manchester II
encoded data i.e.
Bipolar One Out through an inverter to
Unipolar Data Input. The decoder continuously monitors this
data input for valid sync pattern. Note that while the MED
encoder section can generate only a command sync pattern,
the decoder can recognize either a command or data sync
pattern. A data sync is a logically inverted command sync.
5-4
Page 5
HD-6409
There is a three bit delay between UDI, BOl, or BZI input and
the decoded NRZ data transmitted out of SDO.
Control of the decoder outputs is provided by the
When
RST is low, SDO, DCLK and NVM are forced low.
When
RST is high, SDO is transmitted out synchronously
with the recovered clock DCLK. The
low after a low to high transition on
NVM output remains
RST until a valid sync
RST pin.
pattern is received.
DCLK
UDI
COMMAND
SYNC
SDO
RST
NVM
1001010101010
FIGURE 2. DECODER OPERATION
Repeater Operation
The decoded data at SDO is in NRZ format. DCLK is provided so that the decoded bits can be shifted into an external
register on every high to low transition of this clock. Three bit
periods after an invalid Manchester bit is received on UDI, or
BOl,
NVM goes low synchronously with the questionable
data output on SDO. FURTHER, THE DECODER DOES
NOT REESTABLISH PROPER DATA DECODING UNTIL
ANOTHER SYNC PATTERN IS RECOGNIZED.
Manchester Il data can be presented to the repeater in either
of two ways. The inputs Bipolar One In and Bipolar Zero In
will accept data from differential inputs such as a comparator
or sensed transformer coupled bus. The input Unipolar Data
In accepts only noninverted Manchester II coded data. The
decoder requires a single clock with a frequency 16X or 32X
the desired data rate. This clock is selected to 16X with
Speed Select low and 32X with Speed Select high. For long
data links the 32X mode should be used as this permits a
wider timing jitter margin.
The inputs UDl, or BOl, BZl are delayed approximately 1/2
bit period and repeated as outputs
BOO and BZO. The 2X
ECLK is transmitted out of the repeater synchronously with
BOO and BZO.
INPUT
COUNT
ECLK
UDI
BZO
BOO
1 234567
SYNC PULSE
A low on
CTS enables ECLK, BOO, and BZO. In contrast to
the converter mode, a transition on CTS does not initiate a
synchronization sequence of eight 0’s and a command sync.
The repeater mode does recognize a command or data sync
pulse. SD/CDS is an output which reflects the state of the
most recent sync pulse received, with high indicating a command sync and low indicating a data sync.
When
RST is low, the outputs SDO, DCLK, and NVM are
low , and
SRST is set low .SRST remains low after RST goes
high and is not reset until a sync pulse and two valid
manchester bits are received with the reset bit low. The reset
bit is the first data bit after the sync pulse. With RST high,
NRZ Data is transmitted out of Serial Data Out synchronously with the 1X DCLK.
RST
SRST
FIGURE 3. REPEATER OPERATION
5-5
Page 6
Manchester Code
HD-6409
Nonreturn-to-Zero (NRZ) code represents the binary values
logic-O and Iogic-1 with a static level maintained throughout
the data cell. In contrast, Manchester code represents data
with a level transition in the middle of the data cell. Manchester has bandwidth, error detection, and synchronization
advantages over NRZ code.
The Manchester II code Bipolar One and Bipolar Zero shown
below are logical complements. The direction of the transition indicates the binary value of data. A logic-0 in Bipolar
One is defined as a Low to high transition in the middle of
the data cell, and a logic-1 as a high to low mid bit transition,
Manchester Il is also known as Biphase-L code.
The bandwidth of NRZ is from DC to the clock frequency fc/2,
while that of Manchester is from fc/2 to fc. Thus, Manchester
can be AC or transformer coupled, which has considerable
advantages over DC coupling. Also, the ratio of maximum to
minimum frequency of Manchester extends one octave, while
the ratio for NRZ is the range of 5-10 octaves. It is much easier to design a narrow band than a wideband amp.
Secondly, the mid bit transition in each data cell provides the
code with an effective error detection scheme. If noise produces a logic inversion in the data cell such that there is no
transition, an error indiction is given, and synchronization
must be re-established. This places relatively stringent
requirements on the incoming data.
The synchronization advantages of using the HD-6409 and
Manchester code are several fold. One is that Manchester is
a self clocking code. The clock in serial data communication
defines the position of each data cell. Non self clocking
codes, as NRZ, often require an extra clock wire or clock
track (in magnetic recording). Further, there can be a phase
variation between the clock and data track. Crosstalk
between the two may be a problem. In Manchester, the
serial data stream contains both the clock and the data, with
the position of the mid bit transition representing the clock,
and the direction of the transition representing data. There is
no phase variation between the clock and the data.
A second synchronization advantage is a result of the number of transitions in the data. The decoder resynchronizes on
each transition, or at least once every data cell. In contrast,
receivers using NRZ, which does not necessarily have transitions, must resynchronize on frame bit transitions, which
occur far less often, usually on a character basis. This more
frequent resynchronization eliminates the cumulative effect
of errors over successive data cells. A final synchronization
advantage concerns the HD-6409’s sync pulse used to initiate synchronization. This three bit wide pattern is sufficiently distinct from Manchester data that a false start by the
receiver is unlikely.
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
1. DBP-Data Bit Period, Clock Rate = 16X, one DBP = 16 Clock Cycles; Clock Rate = 32X, one DBP = 32 Clock Cycles.
2. The input conditions specified are nominal values, the actual input waveforms transition spans may vary by ±2 IX clock cycles (16X mode)
or ±6 IX clock cycles (32X mode).
3. The maximum zero crossing tolerance is ±2 IX clock cycles (16X mode) or ±6 IX clock cycles (32 mode) from the nominal.
All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reser ves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate
and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for an y infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under an y patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.inter sil.com
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5-12
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