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ES1946
PCI AudioDrive Notebook Solution
ESS Technology, Inc.
DESCRIPTION
THE ES1946 PCI AudioDrive solution implements a single-chip
PCI audio solution, providing high-quality audio processing while
maintaining full legacy DOS game compatibility. With a dynamic
range over 80 dB, the ES1946 complies with the Microsoft PC
98 / PC 99 specifications and meets WHQL audio requirements.
The ES1946 forms a complete audio subsystem on a single chip
for notebook platforms.
The ES1946 operates at 3.3V digital supply and 5V analog
supply. Combined with its built in power management support,
the ES1946 is an ideal audio solution for notebooks.
The ES1946 includes an I2S Zoom Video port interface that
allows playback of MPEG audio, using the 16-bit stereo music
DAC, thus reducing the total audio solution chip count.
The ES1946 incorporates a microcontroller, ESFM music
synthesizer, 16-bit stereo wave ADC and DAC, 16-bit stereo
music DAC, MPU-401 UART mode serial port, I2S Zoom Video
port, serial port interface to external wavetable music
synthesizer, dual game port, hardware master volume control,
direct memory access (DMA) control logic with FIFO, and PCI
bus interface logic. There are three stereo inputs (typically linein, CD audio, and auxiliary line) and a mono microphone input.
The ES1946 also incorporates Spatializer VBX technology,
provided by Desper Products, Inc., a subsidiary of Spatializer
Audio Laboratories, Inc. This processor expands the stereo
sound field emitted by two speakers to create a resonant 3D
sound environment.
The ES1946 integrates the ESS Technology field-proven
hardware design for DOS game compatibility with hardware FM
synthesis (ESFM synthesis) and three methods for legacy audio
control interface: PC/PCI, distributed DMA, and transparent
DMA (TDMA). TDMA requires no sideband signals from PC core
logic chipsets in addition to the standard PCI 2.2 bus. TDMA is
compatible with the Intel Pentium, Pentium II, and
Celeron chipsets as well as standard PCI add-in cards.
The ES1946 provides a serial EEPROM interface for ease of
programming the subsystem ID and subsystem vendor ID.
The ES1946 can record, compress, and play back voice, sound,
and music with built-in mixer controls. It supports stereo
full-duplex operation for simultaneous record and playback. The
ESFM synthesizer has extended capabilities within native mode
operation providing superior sound and power-down capabilities.
The ES1946 is compliant with Advanced Power Management
(APM) 1.2, Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
1.0, and PCI Power Management Interface (PPMI) 1.0.
It is available in an industry-standard 100-pin low profile quad flat
pack (LQFP) package.
Product Brief
FEATURES
• Single, high-performance, mixed-signal, 16-bit stereo VLSI chip
• 3.3V PCI parallel bus interface, revision 2.2.
• Full native DOS games compatibility, via three technologies:
—– TDMA
—– DDMA
—– PC/PCI
• High-quality ESFM music synthesizer
• Dynamic range (SNR) over 80 dB
• Serial EEPROM interface for SID and SVID resource
• Integrated Spatializer
technology provided by Desper Products, Inc., a subsidiary of
Spatializer Audio Laboratories, Inc.
Record and Playback Features
• Record, compress, and play back voice, sound, and music
• 16-bit stereo ADC and DAC
• Programmable independent sample rates from 6 kHz up to
48 kHz for record and playback
• Full-duplex operation for simultaneous record and playback
• 2-wire hardware volume control for up, down, and mute
Inputs and Outputs
• Stereo inputs for line-in, auxiliary A (CD audio), and auxiliary B,
and a mono input for microphone
2
• I
S Zoom Video port interface for MPEG audio at up to 48 kHz
• MPU-401 (UART mode) interface for wavetable synthesizers
and MIDI devices
• Integrated dual game port
• Separate mono input and mono output for speakerphone
Mixer Features
• 7-channel mixer with stereo inputs for line, CD audio, auxiliary
line, music synthesizer, digital audio (wave files), and mono
inputs for microphone and speakerphone
• Programmable 6-bit logarithmic master volume control
Power
• Advanced power management meets APM 1.2, ACPI 1.0, and
PPMI 1.0 standards
• 3.3V digital supply operation
Compatibility
• Supports PC games and applications for SoundBlaster™ and
SoundBlaster Pro™
• Meets PC98 / PC99 and WHQL specifications
3D VBX™ stereo audio effects
ESS Technology, Inc. SAM0217-030601 1
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1 shows the ES1946 block diagram.
ES1946 PRODUCT BRIEF
MIC
LINE_L
LINE_R
AUXA_L
AUXA_R
AUXB_L
AUXB_R
MONO_IN
CMR
VDDA
GNDA
CAP3D
PCSPKI
PCSPKO
PCPCIREQB
PCPCIGNTB
ANALOG SUBSYSTEMS
STEREO
PROGRAMMABLE
DATA BUFFER WITH
256 BYTE FIFO
PCI BUS
INTERFACE
ROM
AND
MICROCONTROLLER
RAM
MIXER
AD[31:0]
INTAB
SIRQ
PCLK
PRSTB
CBE[3:0]B
PAR
FRAMEB
IRDYB
TRDYB
STOPB
IDSEL
DEVSELB
REQB
GNTB
LOCKB
CLKRUNB
RECORDING
SOURCE
AND INPUT
VOLUME
CONTROL
REF GEN
3D PROCESSOR*
PC SPEAKER
VOLUME CTRL
Figure 1 ES1946 Block Diagram.
OUTPUT VOLUME
AND MUTE CONTROL
RECORD MONITOR
16-BIT STEREO
GAME DAC/ADC
16-BIT STEREO
MUSIC DAC
16-BIT STEREO
SYSTEM DAC
HARDWARE
VOLUME
CONTROL
ESFM
FM MUSIC
SYNTHESIZER
SID AND SVID
CONFIGURATION
I2S ZOOM
VIDEO PORT
WAVETABLE
SERIAL PORT
MPU-401 SERIAL
PORT AND FIFOs
DUAL
GAME PORT
CLOCK
GENERATOR
AND TIMER
AOUT_L
AOUT_R
MONO_OUT
FOUT_L
FOUT_R
CIN_L
CIN_R
VOLUP / SEDI
VOLDN / SECS
SEDO / IISLR
SECLK
MCLK / IISCLK
MSI
MSO
MSD / IISDATA
SW(A-D)
T(A-D)
XI
XO
* 3D Processor uses Spatializer VBX 3D technology
provided by Desper Products, Inc. a subsidiary of
Spatializer Audio Laboratories, Inc.
PINOUT
Figure 2 shows the ES1946 pinout diagram.
AD26
AD25
75
76
AD24
CBE3B
IDSEL
AD23
VDDD
GNDD
AD22
AD21
AD20
AD19
AD18
AD17
AD16
CBE2B
FRAMEB
IRDYB
TRDYB
DEVSELB
STOPB
LOCKB
PAR
CBE1B
AD15
AD14
100
GNDD
1
AD13
VDDD
AD27
INTAB
MSO
MSI
SIRQ
SEC LK
SED O/IISLR
PCPCIREQB
PCPCIGN TB
CLKRUNB
VDDD
PRSTB
PCLK
GNTB
REQB
AD31
AD30
AD29
AD28
ES1946S
100-Pin LQFP
XI
XO
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
AD8
AD9
AD11
AD10
AD12
CBE0B
Figure 2 ES1946 Pinout Diagram
VDD D
SECS/VOLDN
AOUT_R
GND D
PCSPKO
PCSPKI
51
50
AOUT_L
LINE_R
LINE_L
CIN_R
CIN_L
FOUT_L
FOUT_R
VDDA
CAP3D
GNDA
MIC
CMR
AUXA_R
AUXA_L
AUXB_R
AUXB_L
SWA
SWB
SWC
SWD
TA
TB
TC
TD
26
MONO_IN
25
GNDD
MONO_OUT
SEDI/VOLUP
IISCL K/MCLK
IISDATA/MSD
2 SAM0217-030601 ESS Technology, Inc.
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ES1946 PRODUCT BRIEF
ES1946 PIN DESCRIPTION
Table 1 lists the ES1946 pin descriptions.
Table 1 ES1946 Pin Descriptions
Names Pin Numbers I/O Descriptions
VDDD 1, 17, 64, 80 I Digital supply voltage (3.0V ± 3.6V).
AD[31:0] 2:7, 9:16,
69:76, 79,
82:88, 98, 99
CBE[3:0]B 8, 77, 89, 97 I/O PCI command/byte enable.
XO 18 O Oscillator output. Connect to external 14.318-MHz crystal.
XI 19 I Oscillator/external clock input. Connect to external 14.318-MHz crystal or clock source
VOLDN
SECS O Serial EEPROM chip select.
VOLUP
SEDI O Serial data output to EEPROM.
MCLK
IISCLK I
MSD
IISDATA I
GNDD 24, 52, 81, 100 I Digital ground.
MONO_OUT 25 O Mono output with source select and volume control (including mute). This pin can drive an
MONO_IN 26 I Mono input to mixer and ADC. This pin has an internal pull-up to CMR.
T(A-D) 30:27 I/O Joystick timer pins. These pins connect to the X-Y positioning variable resistors for the two
SW(A-D) 31:34 I Active-low joystick switch setting inputs. These SW pins have internal pull-up resistors.
AUXB_L,
AUXB_R
AUXA_L,
AUXA_R
CMR 39 O Common mode reference voltage (2.25V ± 5%). Bypass this pin to analog ground with
MIC 40 I Microphone input. MIC has an internal pull-up resistor to CMR.
GNDA 41 I Analog ground.
CAP3D 42 I Bypass capacitor to analog ground for 3D effects.
VDDA 43 I Analog supply voltage (5V ± 5%). Must be greater than or equal to VDDD–0.3V.
FOUT_R,
FOUT_L
CIN_L, CIN_R 46, 47 I ADC and first channel DAC mixer inputs. These pins have internal 50k Ω pull-up resistors
LINE_L, LINE_R 48, 49 I Line inputs, left and right. LINE_L and LINE_R have internal pull-up resistors to CMR.
AOUT_L,
AOUT_R
20
21
22
23
35, 36 I Auxiliary B inputs, left and right. AUXB_L and AUXB_R have internal pull-up resistors to
37, 38 I Auxiliary A inputs, left and right. AUXA_L and AUXA_R have internal pull-up resistors to
44, 45 O Filter outputs, right and left. AC-coupled externally to CIN_R and CIN_L to remove DC
50, 51 O Line-level stereo outputs, left and right. These pins can drive a 5k Ω AC load.
I/O Address and data lines from the PCI bus.
(must be CMOS levels).
I Active-low volume decrease button input with internal pull-up.
I Active-low volume increase button input with internal pull-up.
I Input with internal pull-down. Music serial clock from external wavetable music
synthesizer.
Serial shift clock for I2S interface.
I Input with internal pull-down. Music serial data from external wavetable music synthesizer.
Serial data for I2S interface. IIS and hardware wavetable cannot coexist.
external 5k Ω AC load.
joysticks. 5V-tolerant.
5V-tolerant pins.
CMR.
CMR.
47-µF electrolytic in parallel with a 0.1-µF capacitor.
offsets.
to CMR.
ESS Technology, Inc. SAM0217-030601 3
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ES1946 PRODUCT BRIEF
Table 1 ES1946 Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Names Pin Numbers I/O Descriptions
PCSPKO 53 O Analog output of PCSPKI with volume control.
PCSPKI 54
MSO 55 O MIDI serial data output.
MSI 56
SIRQ 57 I/O Serialized IRQ.
SECLK 58 O Clock for serial EEPROM. Pull-up to VDDD via external 47k Ω resistor.
SEDO
IISLR I
59
INTAB 60 O PCI interrupt request.
PCPCIREQB 61 O PC/PCI serialized DREQ output (optional motherboard PC/PCI implementation).
PCPCIGNTB 62 I PC/PCI serialized DACK input (optional motherboard PC/PCI implementation).
CLKRUNB 63 I/O PCI clock state for power management.
PRSTB 65 I PCI reset.
PCLK 66 I PCI clock. This clock times all PCI transactions.
GNTB 67 I PCI busmaster grant.
REQB 68 O PCI busmaster request, tri-state output.
IDSEL 78 I PCI device select for configuration.
FRAMEB 90 I/O PCI cycle frame.
IRDYB 91 I/O PCI initiator ready.
TRDYB 92 I/O PCI target ready.
DEVSELB 93 I/O PCI device select.
STOPB 94 I/O PCI stop transaction.
LOCKB 95 I/O PCI lock.
PAR 96 I/O PCI parity.
a
a. 1
pins are 5V pins with 3.3V digital supply on VDDD.
a
Normally low digital PC speaker signal input. This signal is converted to an analog signal
I
with volume control and appears on analog output PCSPKO. 5V-tolerant input.
a
MIDI serial input. Schmitt trigger input with internal pull-up resistor. Either MPU-401 or
I
SoundBlaster formats.
I Serial data input from EEPROM.
Left/Right strobe for I
2
S interface.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number
ES1946S PCI AudioDrive Controller for Notebook 100-pin LQFP
ESS Technology, Inc.
48401 Fremont Blvd.
Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: (510) 492-1088
Description Package
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, transmitted, or translated in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, optical, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ESS
Technology, Inc.
ESS Technology, Inc. makes no representations or
warranties regarding the content of this document.
All specifications are subject to change without prior
notice.
ESS Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any
errors contained herein.
(P) U.S. patents pending.
AudioDrive is a registered trademark of ESS Technology, Inc.
ESFM is a trademark of ESS Technology, Inc.
Certain audio features of this product manufactured under
a license from Desper Products, Inc., Spatializer and the
circle-in-square device are trademarks owned by Desper
Products, Inc. U. S. Patent numbers #4,308,423,
#4,355,203, #5,412,731.
All other trademarks are owned by their respective
holders and are used for identification purposes only.
Fax: (510) 492-1898
4 © 2001 ESS Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. SAM0217-030601
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