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ESS Technology, Inc. SAM0290-030601 1
ESS Technology, Inc.
ES1938
PCI AudioDrive® Solution
Product Brief
DESCRIPTION
The ES1938 PCI AudioDrive solution implements a single-chip
PCI audio solution, providing high-quality audio processing while
maintaining full legacy DOS game compatibility. With a dynamic
range over 80 dB, the ES1938 complies with the Microsoft PC
98 / PC 99 specifications and meets WHQL audio requirements.
The ES1938 forms a complete audio subsystem on a single chip
for motherboard platforms.
The ES1938 incorporates a microcontroller, ESFMTM music
synthesizer, 16-bit stereo wave ADC and DAC, 16-bit stereo
music DAC, MPU-401 UART mode serial port, dual game port,
hardware master volume control, a serial port interface to
external wavetable music synthesizer, DMA control logic with
FIFO, and PCI bus interface logic. There are three stereo inputs
(typically, line-in, CD audio, and auxiliary line) and a mono
microphone input.
The ES1938 provides a serial EEPROM interface for ease of
programming the Subsystem ID and Subsystem Vendor ID.
The ES1938 integrates the ESS Technology field-proven
hardware design for DOS game compatibility with hardware FM
synthesis (ESFM synthesis) and three methods for legacy audio
control interface: PC/PCI, Distributed DMA, and Transparent
DMA. Transparent DMA requires no sideband signals from PC
core logic chipsets in addition to the standard PCI 2.2 bus.
Transparent DMA (TDMA) is compatible with the
IntelPentium, Pentium II, and Celeron™ chipsets, as well
as standard PCI add-in cards.
The ES1938 can record, compress, and play back voice, sound,
and music with built-in mixer controls. It supports stereo
full-duplex operation for simultaneous record and playback. The
ESFM synthesizer has extended capabilities within native mode
operation providing superior sound and power-down capabilities.
The ES1938 also incorporates Spatializer VBX technology,
provided by Desper Products, Inc., a subsidiary of Spatializer
Audio Laboratories, Inc. This processor expands the stereo
sound field emitted by two speakers to create a resonant 3D
sound environment.
The ES1938 is compliant with Advanced Power Management
(APM) 1.2, Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
1.0, and PCI Power Management Interface (PPMI) 1.0.
It is available in an industry-standard 100-pin low-profile quad flat
pack (LQFP) package.
FEATURES
• Single, high-performance, mixed-signal, 16-bit stereo VLSI chip
• PCI parallel bus interface, revision 2.2
• Full native DOS games compatibility, via three technologies:
–– TDMA
–– DDMA
–– PC/PCI
• High-quality ESFM music synthesizer
• Dynamic range (SNR) over 80 dB
• Integrated Spatializer
3D VBX stereo audio effects processor
provided by Desper Products, Inc., a subsidiary of Spatializer
Audio Laboratories, Inc.
Record and Playback Features
• Record, compress, and play back voice, sound, and music
• 16-bit stereo ADC and DAC
• Programmable independent sample rates from 6 kHz up to
48 kHz for record and playback
• Full-duplex operation for simultaneous record and playback
• 2-wire hardware volume control for up, down, and mute
Inputs and Outputs
• Stereo inputs for line-in, auxiliary A (CD audio), and auxiliary B,
and a mono input for microphone
• MPU-401 (UART mode) interface for wavetable synthesizers
and MIDI devices
• Integrated dual game port
• Separate mono input (MONO_IN) and mono output
(MONO_OUT) for speakerphone
Mixer Features
• 7-channel mixer with stereo inputs for line, CD audio, auxiliary
line, music synthesizer, digital audio (wave files), and mono
inputs for microphone and speakerphone
• Programmable 6-bit logarithmic master volume control
Power
• Advanced power management meets APM 1.2, ACPI 1.0, and
PPMI 1.0 standards
Compatibility
• Supports PC games and applications for SoundBlaster
TM
and
SoundBlaster ProTM
• Meets PC 98 / PC 99 and WHQL specifications
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2 SAM0290-030601 ESS Technology, Inc.
ES1938 PRODUCT BRIEF
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1 shows the ES1938 block diagram.
Figure 1 ES1938 Block Diagram
PINOUT
Figure 2 shows the ES1938 pinout diagram.
Figure 2 ES1938 Pinout Diagram
* 3D Processor uses Spatializer VBX 3D
technology provided by Desper Products, Inc. a
subsidiary of Spatializer Audio Laboratories, Inc.
OUTPUT VOLUME
AND MUTE CONTROL
RECORD MONITOR
AOUT_LLINE_R
LINE_L
CIN_R
CIN_L
FOUT_L
FOUT_R
VDDA
GNDA
MIC
CMR
AUXA_R
AUXA_L
MONO_OUT
SW(A-D)
FRAMEB
IRDYB
AD[31:0]
T(A-D)
PAR
SIRQ
XI
XO
AOUT_R
MSO
MSI
ANALOG SUBSYSTEMS
MICROCONTROLLER
ROM
SID AND SVID
CONFIGURATION
MPU-401 SERIAL
PORT AND FIFOs
DATA BUFFER WITH
256 BYTE FIFO
REF GEN
ESFM
FM MUSIC
SYNTHESIZER
AND
RAM
INTAB
AUXB_R
AUXB_L
CLOCK
GENERATOR
AND TIMER
DUAL
GAME PORT
HARDWARE
VOLUME
CONTROL
16-BIT STEREO
GAME DAC/ADC
16-BIT STEREO
MUSIC DAC
PCI BUS
INTERFACE
RECORDING
SOURCE
AND INPUT
VOLUME
CONTROL
STEREO
PROGRAMMABLE
MIXER
PCSPKI
MONO_IN
CAP3D
PCSPKO
3D PROCESSOR*
PC SPEAKER
VOLUME CTRL
16-BIT STEREO
SYSTEM DAC
STOPB
TRDYB
VOLUP
VOLDN
IDSEL
DEVSELB
GNTB
REQB
LOCKB
PCPCIREQB
CLKRUNB
PCPCIGNTB
PCLK
PRSTB
CBE[3:0]B
MSD
MCLK
WAVETABLE
SERIAL PORT
SWITCHED
CAPACITOR
LOW-PASS FILTER
1
AOUT_L
LINE_R
LINE_L
CIN_R
CIN_L
FOUT_L
FOUT_R
VDDA
CAP3D
GNDA
MIC
CMR
AUXA_R
AUXA_L
AUXB_R
AUXB_L
SWA
SWB
SWC
SWD
GNDD
AD22
AD21
AD20
AD19
AD18
AD17
AD16
CBE2B
FRAMEB
IRDYB
TRDYB
DEVSELB
STOPB
LOCKB
PAR
CBE1B
AD15
AD14
GNDD
PCPC IREQ B
P C P C I GNTB
CLKRUNB
VDDD
PRST B
PCLK
GNTB
RE Q B
A D 3 1
AD30
AD29
AD28
AD27
A D 2 6
AD25
AD24
CBE3B
IDSEL
AD23
VDDD
AOUT_ R
GNDD
PCSP KO
PCSP KI
MSO
MSI
S I R QNCNC
INTAB
26
25
51
50
75
76
100
VOLDN
XI
XO
VDDD
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
CBE0 B
AD8
AD9
AD10
AD11
AD12
AD13
VDDD
TA
TB
TC
TD
MONO_IN
MONO_ OUT
GNDD
MSD
MCLK
VOLUP
ES 1938S
100-Pin LQFP
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ESS Technology, Inc. SAM0290-030601 3
ES1938 PRODUCT BRIEF
ES1938 PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1 lists the ES1938 pin descriptions.
Table 1 ES1938 Pin Descriptions
Names Pin Numbers I/O Descriptions
VDDD 1, 17, 64, 80 I Digital supply voltage (5V±5%).
AD[31:0] 2:7, 9:16,
69:76, 79,
82:88, 98:99
I/O Address and data lines from the PCI bus.
CBE[3:0]B 8, 77, 89, 97 I/O PCI command/byte enable.
XO 18 O Oscillator output. Connect to external 14.318-MHz crystal.
XI 19 I Oscillator/external clock input. Connect to external 14.318-MHz crystal or clock source
(must be CMOS levels).
VOLDN 20 I Active-low volume decrease button input with internal pull-up.
VOLUP 21 I Active-low volume increase button input with internal pull-up.
MCLK 22 I Input with internal pull-down. Music serial clock from external wavetable music synthesizer.
MSD 23 I Input with internal pull-down. Music serial data from external wavetable music synthesizer.
GNDD 24, 52, 81,
100
I Digital ground.
MONO_OUT 25 O Mono output with source select and volume control (including mute). This pin can drive an
external 5k AC load.
MONO_IN 26 I Mono input to mixer and ADC. This pin has an internal pull-up to CMR.
T(A-D) 30:27 I/O Joystick timer. These pins connect to the X-Y positioning variable resistors for the two
joysticks.
SW(A-D) 31:34 I Active-low joystick switch setting inputs. These SW pins have an internal pull-up resistor.
AUXB_L,
AUXB_R
35, 36 I Auxiliary B inputs, left and right. AUXB_L and AUXB_R have internal pull-up resistors to
CMR.
AUXA_L,
AUXA_R
37, 38 I Auxiliary A inputs, left and right. AUXA_L and AUXA_R have internal pull-up resistors to
CMR. Normally intended for connection to an internal or external CD-ROM analog output.
CMR 39 O Common mode reference voltage (2.25V±5%). Bypass this pin to analog ground with
47-µF electrolytic in parallel with a 0.1-µF capacitor.
MIC 40 I Microphone input. MIC has an internal pull-up resistor to CMR.
GNDA 41 I Analog ground.
CAP3D 42 I Bypass capacitor to analog ground for 3D effects.
VDDA 43 I Analog supply voltage (5V±5%). Must be greater than or equal to VDDD –0.3V.
FOUT_R,
FOUT_L
44, 45 O Filter outputs, left and right. AC-coupled externally to CIN_L and CIN_R to remove DC
offsets.
CIN_L, CIN_R 46, 47 I ADC and first channel DAC mixer inputs. These pins have internal 50k pull-up resistors to
CMR.
LINE_L, LINE_R 48, 49 I Line inputs, left and right. LINE_L and LINE_R have internal pull-up resistors to CMR.
AOUT_L,
AOUT_R
50, 51 O Line-level stereo outputs, left and right. These pins can drive a 5k ohm AC load.
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4 © 2001 ESS Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. SAM0290-030601
ES1938 PRODUCT BRIEF
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, transmitted, or translated in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, optical, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of ESS
Technology, Inc.
ESS Technology, Inc. makes no representations or
warranties regarding the content of this document.
All specifications are subject to change without prior
notice.
ESS Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any
errors contained herein.
(P) U.S. patents pending.
AudioDrive is a registered trademark of ESS Technology,
Inc.
ESFM is a trademark of ESS Technology, Inc.
Certain audio features of this product manufactured under
a license from Desper Products, Inc., Spatializer and
the circle-in-square device are trademarks owned by
Desper Products, Inc. U. S. Patent numbers #4,308,423,
#4,355,203, #5,412,731.
All other trademarks are owned by their respective
holders and are used for identification purposes only.
ESS Technology, Inc.
48401 Fremont Blvd.
Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: (510) 492-1088
Fax: (510) 492-1898
ORDERING INFORMATION
Names Pin Numbers I/O Descriptions
PCSPKO 53 O Analog output of PCSPKI with volume control.
PCSPKI 54 I Normally low digital PC speaker signal input. This signal is converted to an analog signal
with volume control and appears on analog output PCSPKO.
MSO 55 O MIDI serial data output.
MSI 56 I MIDI serial input. Schmitt trigger input with internal pull-up resistor. Either MPU-401 or
SoundBlaster formats.
SIRQ 57 I/O Serialized IRQ. (Optional motherboard implementation.)
NC 58, 59 — Reserved.
INTAB 60 O PCI interrupt request.
PCPCIREQB 61 O PC/PCI serialized DREQ output. (Optional motherboard implementation.)
PCPCIGNTB 62 I PC/PCI serialized DACK input optional motherboard implementation.
CLKRUNB 63 I/O PCI clock state for power management.
PRSTB 65 I PCI reset.
PCLK 66 I PCI clock. This clock times all PCI transactions.
GNTB 67 I PCI busmaster grant.
REQB 68 O PCI busmaster request, tri-state output.
IDSEL 78 I PCI device select for configuration.
FRAMEB 90 I/O PCI cycle frame.
IRDYB 91 I/O PCI initiator ready.
TRDYB 92 I/O PCI target ready.
DEVSELB 93 I/O PCI device select.
STOPB 94 I/O PCI stop transaction.
LOCKB 95 I/O PCI lock.
PAR 96 I/O PCI parity.
Table 1 ES1938 Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Part Number
Description Package
ES1938S PCI AudioDrive 100-pin LQFP
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