The DS90CR287 transmitter converts 28 bits of CMOS/TTL
data intofour LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) data
streams. A phase-locked transmit clock is transmitted in parallel with the data streams over a fifth LVDS link. Every cycle
of the transmit clock 28 bits of input data are sampled and
transmitted. The DS90CR288A receiver converts the four
LVDS data streams back into 28 bits of CMOS/TTL data. At
a transmit clock frequency of 85 MHZ, 28 bits of TTLdataare
transmitted at a rate of 595 Mbps per LVDS data channel.
Using a 85 MHZ clock, the data throughput is 2.38 Gbit/s
(297.5 Mbytes/sec).
This chipset is an ideal means to solve EMI and cable size
problems associated with wide, high speed TTL interfaces.
Block Diagrams
DS90CR287
Features
n 20 to 85 MHZ shift clock support
n 50%duty cycle on receiver output clock
n Best–in–Class Set & Hold Times on TxINPUTs
n Low power consumption
±
n
1V common mode range (around +1.2V)
n Narrow bus reduces cable size and cost
n Up to 2.38 Gbps throughput
n Up to 297.5 Megabytes/sec bandwidth
n 345 mV (typ) swing LVDS devices for low EMI
n PLL requires no external components
n Rising edge data strobe
n Compatible with TIA/EIA-644 LVDS standard
n Low profile 56-lead TSSOP package
DS90CR288A
DS101087-1
Order Number DS90CR287MTD
See NS Package Number MTD56
TRI-STATE®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
Order Number DS90CR288AMTD
See NS Package Number MTD56
DS101087-27
Page 2
Pin Diagrams
DS90CR287
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
Typical Application
DS101087-21
DS90CR288A
DS101087-22
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DS101087-23
Page 3
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage (V
CMOS/TTL Input Voltage−0.5V to (V
CMOS/TTL Output Voltage−0.3V to (V
LVDS Receiver Input Voltage−0.3V to (V
LVDS Driver Output Voltage−0.3V to (V
LVDS Output Short Circuit
DurationContinuous
Junction Temperature+150˚C
Storage Temperature−65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 4 sec.)+260˚C
Maximum Package Power Dissipation
)−0.3V to +4V
CC
@
+25˚C
CC
0.3V)
CC
0.3V)
CC
0.3V)
CC
0.3V)
+
+
+
+
DS90CR288A1.61 W
Package Derating:
DS90CR28712.5 mW/˚C above
DS90CR288A12.4 mW/˚C above
ESD Rating
(HBM, 1.5kΩ, 100pF)
(EIAJ, 0Ω, 200pF)
Latch Up Tolerance
@
+25˚C
>
>
±
300mA
Recommended Operating
Conditions
Supply Voltage (V
)3.03.33.6V
CC
Operating Free Air
Temperature (T
)−10+25+70˚C
A
Receiver Input Range02.4V
Supply Noise Voltage (V
Min Nom Max Units
)100 mV
CC
+25˚C
+25˚C
>
7kV
700V
PP
MTD56 (TSSOP) Package:
DS90CR2871.63 W
Electrical Characteristics
Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified
SymbolParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnits
CMOS/TTL DC SPECIFICATIONS
V
IH
V
IL
V
OH
V
OL
V
CL
I
IN
I
OS
LVDS DRIVER DC SPECIFICATIONS
V
OD
∆V
V
OS
∆V
I
OS
I
OZ
LVDS RECEIVER DC SPECIFICATIONS
V
TH
V
TL
I
IN
High Level Input Voltage2.0V
Low Level Input VoltageGND0.8V
High Level Output VoltageIOH= −0.4 mA2.73.3V
Low Level Output VoltageIOL= 2 mA0.060.3V
Input Clamp VoltageICL= −18 mA−0.79−1.5V
Input CurrentVIN= 0.4V, 2.5V or V
V
= GND−100µA
Output Short Circuit CurrentV
IN
= 0V−60−120mA
OUT
CC
+1.8+15µA
Differential Output VoltageRL= 100Ω250290450mV
Change in VODbetween
OD
Complimentary Output States
Offset Voltage (Note 4)1.1251.251.375V
Change in VOSbetween
OS
Complimentary Output States
Output Short Circuit CurrentV
Output TRI-STATE®CurrentPWR DWN = 0V,
Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified
SymbolParameterConditionsMinTypMaxUnits
TRANSMITTER SUPPLY CURRENT
I
CCTW
Transmitter Supply Current
Worst Case (with Loads)
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
I
CCTZ
Transmitter Supply Current
Power Down
RL= 100Ω,
= 5 pF,
C
L
Worst Case
Pattern
Figures 1, 2
(
)
PWR DWN = Low
Driver Outputs in TRI-STATE
f = 33 MHz3145mA
f = 40 MHz3250mA
f = 66 MHz3755mA
f = 85 MHz4260mA
1055µA
under Powerdown Mode
RECEIVER SUPPLY CURRENT
I
CCRW
I
CCRZ
Receiver Supply Current Worst
Case
Receiver Supply Current Power
Down
CL= 8 pF,
Worst Case
Pattern
Figures 1, 3
(
)
PWR DWN = Low
Receiver Outputs Stay Low during
f = 33 MHz4970mA
f = 40 MHz5375mA
f = 66 MHz81114mA
f = 85 MHz96135mA
140400µA
Powerdown Mode
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” are those values beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. They are not meant to imply that the device
should be operated at these limits. The tables of “Electrical Characteristics” specify conditions for device operation.
Note 2: Typical values are given for V
Note 3: Current into device pins is defined as positive. Current out of device pins is defined as negative. Voltages are referenced to ground unless otherwise speci-
fied (except V
Note 4: V
and ∆VOD).
OD
previously referred as VCM.
OS
= 3.3V and TA= +25˚C.
CC
Transmitter Switching Characteristics
Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified
SymbolParameterMinTypMaxUnits
Figure 2
LLHTLVDS Low-to-High Transition Time (
LHLTLVDS High-to-Low Transition Time (
TCITTxCLK IN Transition Time (
Figure 4
TPPos0Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit0 (
TPPos1Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit11.481 . 681.88ns
TPPos2Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit23.163 . 363.56ns
TPPos3Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit34.515 . 045.24ns
TPPos4Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit46.526 . 726.92ns
TPPos5Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit58.208 . 408.60ns
TPPos6Transmitter Output Pulse Position for Bit69.8810 .0810.28ns
)0.751.5ns
Figure 2
)0.751.5ns
)1.06.0ns
Figure 15
)f = 85 MHz−0.2000.20ns
TCIPTxCLK IN Period
TCIHTxCLK IN High Time (
TCILTxCLK IN Low Time (
TSTCTxIN Setup to TxCLK IN (
THTCTxIN Hold to TxCLK IN (
TCCDTxCLK IN to TxCLK OUT Delay
TPLLSTransmitter Phase Lock Loop Set (
TPDDTransmitter Powerdown Delay (
(Figure 6 )
Figure 6
Figure 6
Figure 6
Figure 6
11.76T50ns
)0.35T0.5T0.65Tns
)0.35T0.5T0.65Tns
)f = 85 MHz2.5ns
)0ns
@
25˚C,VCC=3.3V (
Figure 10
Figure 13
)100ns
Figure 8
)3.86.3ns
)10ms
TJITTxCLK IN Cycle-toCycle Jitter (Figure TBD)2ns
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Page 5
Receiver Switching Characteristics
Over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges unless otherwise specified
SymbolParameterMinTypMaxUnits
Figure 3
CLHTCMOS/TTL Low-to-High Transition Time (
CHLTCMOS/TTL High-to-Low Transition Time (
RSPos0Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 0 (
RSPos1Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 12.172.522.87ns
RSPos2Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 23.854.204.55ns
RSPos3Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 35.535.886.23ns
RSPos4Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 47.217.567.91ns
RSPos5Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 58.899.249.59ns
RSPos6Receiver Input Strobe Position for Bit 610.5710.9211.27ns
RSKMRxIN Skew Margin (Note 5) (
RCOPRxCLK OUT Period (
RCOHRxCLK OUT High Time (
RCOLRxCLK OUT Low Time (
RSRCRxOUT Setup to RxCLK OUT (
RHRCRxOUT Hold to RxCLK OUT (
RCCDRxCLK IN to RxCLK OUT Delay
RPLLSReceiver Phase Lock Loop Set (
RPDDReceiver Powerdown Delay (
Note 5: Receiver Skew Margin is defined as the valid data sampling region at the receiver inputs. This margin takes into account the transmitter pulse positions (min
and max) and the receiver input setup and hold time (internal data sampling window-RSPOS). This margin allows LVDS interconnect skew, inter-symbol interference
(both dependent on type/length of cable), and source clock (less than 150 ps).
Note 6: Totallatency for the channel link chipset is a function of clock period and gate delays through the transmitter (TCCD) and receiver (RCCD). The total latency
for the 217/287 transmitter and 218/288A receiver is: (T + TCCD) + (2
Figure 17
Figure 7
Figure 7
Figure 7
)f = 85 MHz290ps
)11.76T50ns
)f = 85 MHz456.5ns
)3.556ns
Figure 7
)3.5ns
Figure 7
)3.5ns
@
25˚C, VCC= 3.3V (Note 6)(
Figure 11
Figure 14
)1µs
)23.5ns
Figure 3
)1.83.5ns
Figure 16
)f = 85 MHz0.490.841.19ns
Figure 9
)5.579.5ns
)10ms
*
T + RCCD), where T=Clock period.
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
AC Timing Diagrams
DS101087-3
FIGURE 2. DS90CR287 (Transmitter) LVDS Output Load and Transition Times
DS101087-2
FIGURE 1. “Worst Case” Test Pattern
DS101087-4
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Page 6
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
DS101087-5
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
FIGURE 3. DS90CR288A (Receiver) CMOS/TTL Output Load and Transition Times
FIGURE 4. DS90CR287 (Transmitter) Input Clock Transition Time
Note 7: Measurements at V
Note 8: TCCS measured between earliest and latest LVDS edges.
Note 9: TxCLK Differential Low→High Edge
FIGURE 6. DS90CR287 (Transmitter) Setup/Hold and High/Low Times
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DS101087-9
Page 7
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
FIGURE 7. DS90CR288A (Receiver) Setup/Hold and High/Low Times
FIGURE 8. DS90CR287 (Transmitter) Clock In to Clock Out Delay
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
DS101087-10
DS101087-11
DS101087-12
FIGURE 9. DS90CR288A (Receiver) Clock In to Clock Out Delay
FIGURE 10. DS90CR287 (Transmitter) Phase Lock Loop Set Time
DS101087-13
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Page 8
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
FIGURE 11. DS90CR288A (Receiver) Phase Lock Loop Set Time
DS101087-14
FIGURE 12. 28 ParalIeI TTL Data Inputs Mapped to LVDS Outputs
FIGURE 13. Transmitter Powerdown DeIay
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DS101087-16
DS101087-17
Page 9
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
FIGURE 14. Receiver Powerdown Delay
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
DS101087-18
FIGURE 15. Transmitter LVDS Output Pulse Position Measurement
DS101087-19
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Page 10
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
FIGURE 16. Receiver LVDS Input Strobe Position
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DS101087-28
Page 11
AC Timing Diagrams (Continued)
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
C— Setup and Hold Time (Internal data sampling window) defined by Rspos (receiver input strobe position) min and max
Tppos— Transmitter output pulse position (min and max)
RSKM ≥ Cable Skew (type, length) + Source Clock Jitter (cycle to cycle)(Note 10) + ISI (Inter-symbol interference)(Note 11)
Cable Skew — typically 10 ps–40 ps per foot, media dependent
Note 10: Cycle-to-cycle jitter is less than 150ps at 85MHZ.
Note 11: ISI is dependent on interconnect length; may be zero
DS101087-20
FIGURE 17. Receiver LVDS Input Skew Margin
Applications Information
The DS90CR287 and DS90CR288A are backward compatible with the existing 5V Channel Link transmitter/receiver
pair (DS90CR283, DS90CR284). To upgrade from a 5V to a
3.3V system the following must be addressed:
1. Change 5V power supply to 3.3V.Provide this supply to
the V
, LVDS VCCand PLL VCC.
CC
2. Transmitter input and control inputs except 3.3V TTL/
CMOS levels. They are not 5V tolerant.
3. The receiver powerdown feature when enabled will lock
receiver output to a logic low. However, the 5V/66 MHz
receiver maintain the outputs in the previous state when
powerdown occurred.
DS90CR287 Pin Description—Channel Link Transmitter
Pin NameI/ONo.Description
TxINI28TTL level input.
TxOUT+O4Positive LVDS differential data output.
TxOUT−O4Negative LVDS differential data output.
TxCLK INI1TTL IeveI clock input. The rising edge acts as data strobe. Pin name TxCLK IN.
TxCLK OUT+O1Positive LVDS differential clock output.
TxCLK OUT−O1Negative LVDS differential clock output.
PWR DWN
V
CC
GNDI5Ground pins for TTL inputs.
PLL V
CC
PLL GNDI2Ground pins for PLL.
LVDS V
CC
LVDS GNDI3Ground pins for LVDS outputs.
I1TTL level input. Assertion (low input) TRI-STATES the outputs, ensuring low current at
power down.
I4Power supply pins for TTL inputs.
I1Power supply pin for PLL.
I1Power supply pin for LVDS outputs.
DS90CR288A Pin Description—Channel Link Receiver
Pin NameI/ONo.Description
RxIN+I4Positive LVDS differential data inputs.
RxIN−I4Negative LVDS differential data inputs.
RxOUTO28TTL level data outputs.
RxCLK IN+I1Positive LVDS differential clock input.
RxCLK IN−I1Negative LVDS differential clock input.
RxCLK OUTO1TTL level clock output. The rising edge acts as data strobe. Pin name RxCLK OUT.
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Page 12
Applications Information (Continued)
DS90CR288A Pin Description—Channel Link Receiver (Continued)
Pin NameI/ONo.Description
PWR DWN
V
CC
GNDI5Ground pins for TTL outputs.
PLL V
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
CC
PLL GNDI2Ground pin for PLL.
LVDS V
CC
LVDS GNDI3Ground pins for LVDS inputs.
I1TTL level input.When asserted (low input) the receiver outputs are low.
I4Power supply pins for TTL outputs.
I1Power supply for PLL.
I1Power supply pin for LVDS inputs.
The Channel Link devices are intended to be used in a wide
variety of data transmission applications. Depending upon
the application the interconnecting media may vary. For example, for lower data rate (clock rate) and shorter cable
<
lengths (
cal. For higher speed/long distance applications the media’s
performance becomes more critical. Certain cable constructions provide tighter skew (matched electrical length between the conductors and pairs). Twin-coaxfor example, has
been demonstrated at distances as great as TBD meters
and with the maximum data transfer of TBD Gbit/s. Additional applications information can be found in the following
National Interface Application Notes:
AN-1041Introduction to Channel Link
AN-1108Channel Link PCB and Interconnect
AN-806Transmission Line Theory
AN-905Transmission Line Calculations and
AN-916Cable Information
CABLES: A cable interface between the transmitter and receiver needs to support the differential LVDS pairs. The 21bit CHANNEL LINK chipset (DS90CR217/218A) requires
four pairs of signal wires and the 28-bit CHANNEL LINK
chipset (DS90CR287/288A) requires five pairs of signal
wires. The ideal cable/connector interface would have a constant 100Ω differential impedance throughout the path. It is
also recommended that cable skew remain below 140ps ( 85
MHZ clock rate) to maintain a sufficient data sampling window at the receiver.
In addition to the four or five cable pairs that carry data and
clock, it is recommended to provide at least one additional
conductor (or pair) which connects ground between the
transmitter and receiver. This low impedance ground provides a common mode return path for the two devices. Some
of the more commonly used cable types for point-to-point applications include flat ribbon, flex, twisted pair and TwinCoax. All are available in a variety of configurations and options. Flat ribbon cable, flex and twisted pair generally
perform well in short point-to-point applications while TwinCoax is good for short and long applications. When using ribbon cable, it is recommended to place a ground line between
each differential pair to act as a barrier to noise coupling between adjacent pairs. For Twin-Coax cable applications, it is
recommended to utilize a shield on each cable pair. All extended point-to-point applications should also employ an
overall shield surrounding all cable pairs regardless of the
2m), the media electrical performance is less criti-
AN = ####Topic
Design-In Guidelines
Differential Impedance
cable type. This overall shield results in improved transmission parameters such as faster attainable speeds, longer
distances between transmitter and receiver and reduced
problems associated with EMS or EMI.
The high-speed transport of LVDS signals has been demonstrated on several types of cables with excellent results.
However, the best overall performance has been seen when
using Twin-Coax cable. Twin-Coax has very low cable skew
and EMI due to its construction and double shielding. All of
the design considerations discussed here and listed in the
supplemental application notes provide the subsystem communications designer with many useful guidelines. It is recommended that the designer assess the tradeoffs of each
application thoroughly to arrive at a reliable and economical
cable solution.
RECEIVER FAILSAFE FEATURE: These receivers have input failsafe bias circuitry to guarantee a stable receiver output for floating or terminated receiver inputs. Under these
conditions receiver inputs will be in a HIGH state. If a clock
signal is present, data outputs will all be HIGH; if the clock input is also floating/terminated, data outputs will remain in the
last valid state. A floating/terminated clock input will result in
a HIGH clock output.
BOARD LAYOUT: To obtain the maximum benefit from the
noise and EMI reductions of LVDS, attention should be paid
to the layout of differential lines. Lines of a differential pair
should always be adjacent to eliminate noise interference
from other signals and take full advantage of the noise canceling of the differential signals. The board designer should
also try to maintain equal length on signal traces for a given
differential pair. As with any high speed design, the impedance discontinuities should be limited (reduce the numbers
of vias and no 90 degree angles on traces). Any discontinuities which do occur on one signal line should be mirrored in
the other line of the differential pair. Care should be taken to
ensure that the differential trace impedance match the differential impedance of the selected physical media (this impedance should also match the value of the termination resistor
that is connected across the differential pair at the receiver’s
input). Finally, the location of the CHANNEL LINK TxOUT/
RxIN pins should be as close as possible to the board edge
so as to eliminate excessive pcb runs. All of these considerations will limit reflections and crosstalk which adversely effect high frequency performance and EMI.
UNUSED INPUTS: All unused inputs at the TxIN inputs of
the transmitter may be tied to ground or left no connect. All
unused outputs at the RxOUT outputs of the receiver must
then be left floating.
TERMINATION: Use of current mode drivers requires a terminating resistor across the receiver inputs. The CHANNEL
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Page 13
Applications Information (Continued)
LINK chipset will normally require a single 100Ω resistor between the true and complement lines on each differential
pair of the receiver input. The actual value of the termination
resistor should be selected to match the differential mode
characteristic impedance (90Ω to 120Ω typical) of the cable.
Figure 18
down resistors are necessary as with some other differential
technologies such as PECL. Surface mount resistors are
recommended to avoid the additional inductance that accompanies leaded resistors. These resistors should be
placed as close as possible to the receiver input pins to reduce stubs and effectively terminate the differential lines.
CLOCK JITTER: The CHANNEL LINK devices employ a
PLLto generate and recover the clock transmitted across the
LVDS interface. The width of each bit in the serialized LVDS
data stream is one-seventh the clock period. For example, a
85 MHZ clock has a period of 11.76 ns which results in a
data bit width of 1.68 ns. Differential skew (∆t within one differential pair), interconnect skew (∆t of one differential pair to
another) and clock jitter will all reduce the available window
for sampling the LVDS serial data streams. Care must be
taken to ensure that the clock input to the transmitter be a
clean low noise signal. Individual bypassing of each V
ground will minimize the noise passed on to the PLL, thus
shows an example. No additional pull-up or pull-
FIGURE 18. LVDS Serialized Link Termination
DS101087-25
FIGURE 19. CHANNEL LINK
Decoupling Configuration
CC
DECOUPLING CAPACITORS: Bypassing capacitors are
needed to reduce the impact of switching noise which could
limit performance. For a conservative approach three
parallel-connected decoupling capacitors (Multi-Layered Ceramic type in surface mount form factor) between each V
and the ground plane(s) are recommended. The three capacitor values are 0.1 µF,0.01µF and 0.001 µF.An example
is shown in
Figure 19
. The designer should employ wide
traces for power and ground and ensure each capacitor has
its own via to the ground plane. If board space is limiting the
number of bypass capacitors, the PLL V
the most filtering/bypassing. Next would be the LVDS V
pins and finally the logic VCCpins.
creating a low jitter LVDS clock. These measures provide
more margin for channel-to-channel skew and interconnect
skew as a part of the overall jitter/skew budget.
COMMON MODE vs. DIFFERENTIAL MODE NOISE MARGIN: The typical signal swing for LVDS is 300 mV centered
at +1.2V. The CHANNEL LINK receiver supports a 100 mV
threshold therefore providing approximately 200 mV of differential noise margin. Common mode protection is of more importance to the system’s operation due to the differential
data transmission. LVDS supports an input voltage range of
Ground to +2.4V.This allows for a
±
1.0V shifting of the center point due to ground potential differences and common
mode noise.
POWER SEQUENCING AND POWERDOWN MODE: Outputs of the CNANNEL LINK transmitter remain in TRI-
®
STATE
until the power supply reaches 2V. Clock and data
outputs will begin to toggle 10 ms after V
and the Powerdown pin is above 1.5V. Either device may be
placed into a powerdown mode at any time by asserting the
Powerdown pin (active low). Total power dissipation for each
device will decrease to 5 µW (typical).
The CHANNEL LINK chipset is designed to protect itself
from accidental loss of power to either the transmitter or receiver. If power to the transmit board is lost, the receiver
clocks (input and output) stop. The data outputs (RxOUT) retain the states they were in when the clocks stopped. When
to
the receiver board loses power, the receiver inputs are
shorted to V
(5 mA per input) by the fixed current mode drivers, thus
through an internal diode. Current is limited
CC
avoiding the potential for latchup when powering the device.
should receive
CC
DS101087-24
has reached 3V
CC
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
CC
CC
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Page 14
Applications Information (Continued)
DS90CR287/DS90CR288A
FIGURE 20. Single-Ended and Differential Waveforms
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.