Precision Air-Core
Tach/Speedo Driver with
Short Circuit Protection
The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with 4 quadrant
air–core meter movements. The IC includes an input comparator for
sensing input frequency such as vehicle speed or engine RPM, a
charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap reference
for stable operation and a function generator with sine and cosine
amplifiers that differentially drive the meter coils.
The CS8191 has a higher torque output and better output signal
symmetry than other competitive parts (CS289, and LM1819). It is
protected against short circuit and overvoltage (60 V) fault conditions.
Enhanced circuitry permits functional operation down to 8.0 V.
Features
• Direct Sensor Input
• High Output Torque
• Wide Output Voltage Range
• High Impedance Inputs
• Accurate Down to 10 V V
• Fault Protection
– Overvoltage
– Short Circuit
– Low Voltage Operation
• Internally Fused Leads in DIP–16 and SO–20L Packages
CC
16
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1
DIP–16
NF SUFFIX
CASE 648
PIN CONNECTIONS AND
MARKING DIAGRAM
DIP–16
V
CC
CS8191XNF16
AWLYYWW
FREQ
REG
IN
20
SO–20L
DWF SUFFIX
CASE 751D
161
F/V
OUT
CP+V
CP–BIAS
GNDGND
GNDGND
COS+COS–
SINE+SINE–
SQ
OUT
1
SO–20L
1
V
CC
REG
GND
GND
FREQ
IN
A= Assembly Location
WL, L= Wafer Lot
YY, Y= Year
WW, W = Work Week
Operating Temperature Range–40 to +105°C
Junction Temperature Range–40 to +150°C
Storage Temperature Range–55 to +165°C
Elecrostatic Discharge (Human Body Model)4.0kV
Lead Temperature Soldering: Wave Solder (through hole styles only) (Note 1.)
1. 10 seconds maximum.
2. 60 second maximum above 183°C.
*The maximum package power dissipation must be observed.
ICC Supply CurrentVCC = 16 V, –40°C, No Load–70125mA
VCC Normal Operation Range–8.013.116V
Input Comparator Section
Positive Input Threshold–2.42.73.0V
Negative Input Threshold–2.02.3–V
Input Hysteresis–2004001000mV
Input Bias Current (Note 3.)0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 8.0 V––2.0±10µA
Input Frequency Range–0–20kHz
Input Voltage Rangein series with 1.0 kΩ–1.0–V
Output V
Output Voltage–6.507.007.50V
Output Load Current–––10mA
Output Load Regulation0 to 10 mA–1050mV
Output Line Regulation8.0 V ≤ V
Power Supply RejectionVCC = 13.1 V, 1.0 V
≤ 16 V–20150mV
CC
1.0 kHz3446–dB
P/P
Charge Pump Section
Inverting Input Voltage–1.52.02.5V
Input Bias Current––40150nA
V
Function Generator Section: –40C TA 85°C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted. (continued)
Differential Drive Load
10 V ≤ V
≤ 16 V, –40°C
CC
25°C
105°C
178
239
314
–
–
–
–
–
–
Zero Hertz Output Voltage––0.080+0.08V
Function Generator Error (Note 5.)
Reference Figures 2, 3, 4, 5
Θ = 0° to 225°
Θ = 226° to 305°
–2.0
–3.0
0
0
+2.0
+3.0
Function Generator Error13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V–1.00+1.0deg
Function Generator Error13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 10 V–1.00+1.0deg
Function Generator Error13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 8.0 V–7.00+7.0deg
Function Generator Error25°C ≤ TA ≤ 80°C–2.00+2.0deg
Function Generator Error25°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C–4.00+4.0deg
Function Generator Error–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 25°C–2.00+2.0deg
Function Generator GainTA = 25°C, Θ vs F/V
,607795°/V
OUT
5. Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0 ° and 270°.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
PACKAGE PIN #
DIP–16
11V
22V
33BIASTest point or zero adjustment.
4, 5, 12, 135, 6, 15, 16GNDGround Connections.
68COS–Negative cosine output signal.
79SIN–Negative sine output signal.
810FREQ
911SQ
1012SIN+Positive sine output signal.
1113COS+Positive cosine output signal.
1418CP–Negative input to charge pump.
1519CP+Positive input to charge pump.
1620F/V
–4, 7, 14, 17NCNo connection.
SO–20L
PIN SYMBOLFUNCTION
CC
REG
IN
OUT
OUT
Ignition or battery supply voltage.
Voltage regulator output.
Speed or RPM input signal.
Buffered square wave output signal.
Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency.
Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included.
Degrees
Ideal
Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal
Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal
Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal
Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
Ideal
Degrees
Nominal
Degrees
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION NOTES
The CS8191 is specifically designed for use with air–core
meter movements. It includes an input comparator for
sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed
sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion,
a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a
function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to
differentially drive the meter coils.
From the partial schematic of Figure 7, the input signal is
applied to the FREQ
lead, this is the input to a high
IN
impedance comparator with a typical positive input
threshold of 2.7 V and typical hysteresis of 0.4 V. The output
of the comparator, SQ
, is applied to the charge pump
OUT
input CP+ through an external capacitor CCP. When the
input signal changes state, CCP is charged or discharged
through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on C
CP
is
mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising
of Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F /V
OUT
ranges from 2.0 V to 6.3 V depending on the input signal
frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the
formula:
FV
2.0 V 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (V
OUT
REG
0.7 V)
RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V
output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V
output voltage is applied to the function generator which
generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output
voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the
on–chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The
various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°)
are determined by an internal resistor divider and the
bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially
driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs,
thus providing up to 305° range of meter deflection. Driving
the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher
current capability, higher output voltage swings, and
reduced external component count. The key advantage is a
higher torque output for the pointer.
The output angle, Θ, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by
the function generator gain:
A
FV
AFG,
where:
,
AFG 77°V(typ)
The relationship between input frequency and output
angle is:
AFG 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (V
or,
970 FREQ CCP R
The ripple voltage at the F/V converter’s output is
determined by the ratio of CCP and C4 in the formula:
V
CCP(V
REG
C4
0.7 V)
REG
0.7 V)
T
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CS8191
Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle
flutter especially at low input frequencies.
The response time of the F/V is determined by the time
constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4
V
REG
R3
V
(t)
C
+
–
FREQ
Q
SQUARE
C
SQ
IN
OUT
+
–
2.7 V
Figure 7. Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump
t
DCHG
CP
R4
will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase
the response time. An increase in response time causes a
very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for
many applications.
0.25 V
CP+
Q1Q2
T
t
CHG
Q3
2.0 V
+
–
CP–
R
C4
F/V
OUT
F to V
T
FREQ
SQ
I
V
OUT
CP+
CP+
V
CC
0
IN
V
REG
0
0
Figure 8. Timing Diagram of FREQIN and I
CP
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CS8191
Battery
1.0 A,
600 PIV
GND
Typical Speedometer
Input
R1D1
3.9,
500 mW
500 mW Zener
R2
10 kΩ
Notes:
1. The product of C4 and R
2. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
3. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
4. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
5. Additional filtering on the FREQ
6. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch)
D2
50 V,
C3
0.1 µF
affect temperature compensation.
for best pointer stability.
C1
0.1 µF
have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly
T
V
1
CC
V
REG
BIAS
GND
GND
COS–
SINE–
FREQ
lead may be required.
IN
F/V
CS8191
SQ
IN
SINE
COSINE
OUT
CP+
CP–
GND
GND
COS+
SINE+
OUT
0.47 µF
Air Core
Gauge
Speedometer
Figure 9. Speedometer or Tachometer Application
C4
+
1.0 kΩ
0.0033 µF,
+/–30 PPM/°C
R
T
Trim Resistor,
+/–20 PPM/°C
R4
C
CP
R3
3.0 kΩ
Design Example
Maximum meter Deflection = 270°
Maximum Input Frequency = 350 Hz
1. Select R
Let CCP = 0.0033 µF, find R
and C
T
CP
970 FREQ CCP R
T
R
T
970 350 Hz 0.0033 F
270°
RT 243 k
T
RT should be a 250 kΩ potentiometer to trim out any
inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement
pointer placement.
2. Select R3 and R4
Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage
regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage
regulator is 10 mA. R3 must ensure that the current does not
exceed this limit.
Choose R3 = 3.3 kΩ
The charge current for C
V
REG
3.3 k
CP
0.7 V
is
1.90 mA
CCP must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of
the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency
is 2.85 ms. To ensure that CCP is charged, assume that the
(R3 + R4) CCP time constant is less than 10% of the
minimum input period.
T 10%
1
350 Hz
285s
Choose R4 = 1.0 kΩ.
Discharge time: t
= R3 × CCP = 3.3 kΩ × 0.0033 µF
DCHG
= 10.9 µs
Charge time: t
= (R3 + R4)CCP = 4.3 kΩ. × 0.0033 µF
CHG
= 14.2 µs
3. Determine C4
C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable
ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement.
C4
CCP(V
REG
V
0.7 V)
MAX
With C4 = 0.47 µF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44 mV.
Figure 10 shows how the CS8191 and the CS8441 are
used to produce a Speedometer and Odometer circuit.
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Page 9
CS8191
Battery
GND
R1D1
1.0 A,
600 PIV
3.9,
500 mW
500 mW Zener
R2
10 kΩ
Typical Speedometer
Input
D2
50 V,
C1
0.1 µF
C3
0.1 µF
C2
10 µF
1
1
V
CC
V
REG
BIAS
GND
GND
COS–
SINE–
FREQ
F/V
CS8191
SINE+
SQ
IN
SINE
COSINE
CS8441
OUT
CP+
CP–
GND
GND
COS+
OUT
C4
0.47 µF
+/–30 PPM/°C
Air Core
Gauge
Speedometer
+
1.0 kΩ
C
CP
0.0033 µF,
R4
R
T
Trim Resistor,
+/–20 PPM/°C
3.0 kΩ
R3
Notes:
1. The product of C4and R
affect temperature compensation.
Air Core
Stepper Motor
200 Ω
have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly
T
Odometer
2. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
3. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
4. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
5. Additional filtering on the FREQ
lead may be required.
IN
6. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch)
for best pointer stability.
Figure 10. Speedometer With Odometer or Tachometer Application
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CS8191
In some cases a designer may wish to use the CS8191 only
as a driver for an air–core meter having performed the F/V
conversion elsewhere in the circuit.
Figure 11 shows how to drive the CS8191 with a DC
voltage ranging from 2.0 V t o 6 .0 V. This is a ccomplished b y
forcing a voltage o n the F /V
lead. T he a lternative scheme
OUT
shown in Figure 12 uses an external op amp as a buffer and
operates over an input voltage range of 0 V to 4.0 V.
V
REG
100 kΩ
10 kΩ
V
IN
2.0 V to 6.0 V DC
N/C
Figure 11. Driving the CS8191 from an External
DC Voltage
CP–
F/V
CS8191
–
+
BIAS
OUT
Figures 11 and 12 are not temperature compensated.
CS8191
100 kΩ
100 kΩ
V
IN
0 V to 4.0 V DC
100 kΩ
+
–
10 kΩ
100 kΩ
Figure 12. Driving the CS8191 from an External
DC Voltage Using an Op Amp Buffer
BIAS
CP–
F/V
+
–
OUT
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Page 11
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
–A–
916
B
18
F
H
G
D
16 PL
0.25 (0.010)T
C
S
SEATING
–T–
PLANE
K
M
A
CASE 648–08
J
M
CS8191
DIP–16
NF SUFFIX
ISSUE R
L
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
DIM MINMAXMINMAX
A 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55
B 0.250 0.2706.356.85
C 0.145 0.1753.694.44
D 0.015 0.0210.390.53
F 0.0400.701.021.77
G0.100 BSC2.54 BSC
M
H0.050 BSC1.27 BSC
J 0.008 0.0150.210.38
K 0.110 0.1302.803.30
L 0.295 0.3057.507.74
M0 10 0 10
S 0.020 0.0400.511.01
MILLIMETERSINCHES
H10X
M
B
M
0.25
SO–20L
DWF SUFFIX
CASE 751D–05
ISSUE F
D
20
A
11
E
1
B20X
M
0.25
T
10
SAS
B
B
h X 45
A
L
18X
SEATING
e
A1
T
PLANE
C
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
3. DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION SHALL
BE 0.13 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF B DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
MILLIMETERS
DIM MINMAX
A2.352.65
A10.100.25
B0.350.49
C0.230.32
D 12.65 12.95
E7.407.60
e1.27 BSC
H 10.05 10.55
h0.250.75
L0.500.90
0 7
PACKAGE THERMAL DATA
Parameter
R
Θ
JC
R
Θ
JA
Typical159°C/W
Typical5055°C/W
DIP–16SO–20LUnit
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CS8191
ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes
without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular
purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability,
including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or
specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be
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CS8191/D
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