Datasheet CS5258-1GT5 Datasheet (Cherry Semiconductor)

Page 1
Features
1.25V to 5V V
OUT
at 8A
V
POWER
Dropout <0.4V @ 8A
V
Dropout <1.15V @
8A
1.5% Trimmed Reference
Fast Transient Response
Remote Voltage Sensing
Thermal Shutdown
Current Limit
Short Circuit Protection
Backwards Compatible with
3-pin Regulators
Package Options
CS5258-1
8A LDO 5-Pin Adjustable Linear Regulator
CS5258-1
Description
Applications Diagram
5 Lead TO-220
1
1. V
SENSE
2. Adjust
3. V
OUT
4. V
CONTROL
5. V
POWER
Tab = V
OUT
This new very low dropout regula­tor is designed to power the next generation of advanced microproces­sors. To achieve very low dropout, the internal pass transistor is pow­ered separately from the control cir­cuitry. Furthermore, with the control and power inputs tied together, this device can be used in single supply configuration and still offer a better dropout voltage than conventional PNP-NPN based LDO regulators. In this mode the dropout is determined by the minimum control voltage.
It is supplied in a five-terminal TO­220 package, which allows for the implementation of a remote-sense pin permitting very accurate regula­tion of output voltage directly at the load, where it counts, rather than at the regulator. This remote sensing feature virtually eliminates output voltage variations due to load changes and resistive voltage drops.
Typical load regulation measured at the sense pin is 1mV for an output voltage of 2.5V with a load step of 10mA to 8A.
The very fast transient loop response easily meets the needs of the latest microprocessors. In addition, a small capacitor on the Adjust pin will fur­ther improve the transient capabili­ties.
Internal protection circuitry pro­vides for Òbust-proofÓ operation, similar to three-terminal regulators. This circuitry, which includes over­current, short circuit, supply sequencing and overtemperature protection, will self protect the regu­lator under all fault conditions.
The CS5258-1 is ideal for generating a secondary 2 - 2.5V low voltage supply on a motherboard where both 5V and 3.3V are already available.
V
SENSE
V
OUT
V
CONTROL
V
POWER
CS5258-1
2.5V@8A
300mF 5V
Load
124 1%
124 1%
0.1mF 5V
100mF 5V
10mF 10V
3.3V
5.0V
Adjust
1
A Company
¨
Rev. 3/17/99
Cherry Semiconductor Corporation
2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818
Tel: (401)885-3600 Fax: (401)885-5786
Email: info@cherry-semi.com
Web Site: www.cherry-semi.com
Page 2
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
CS5258-1
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Reference Voltage V
CONTROL
= 2.75V to 12V, V
POWER
= 2.15V to 5.5V, 1.234 1.253 1.272 V
10mA ² I
OUT
² 8A (-1.5%) (+1.5%)
Line Regulation V
CONTROL
= 2.5V to 12V, V
POWER
= 1.75V to 5.5V, .02 .20 %
I
OUT
= 10mA
Load Regulation V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, .04 .20 %
(Note 3) I
OUT
= 10mA to 8A, with remote sense
Minimum Load Current V
CONTROL
= 5V, V
POWER
= 3.3V, ÆV
OUT
= +1% 5 10 mA
(Note 1)
Control Pin Current V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 100mA 6 10 mA
(Note 2) V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 4A 30 60 mA
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 1.75V, I
OUT
= 4A 33 70 mA
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 8A 80 180 mA
Adjust Pin Current V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 10mA 60 120 µA
Current Limit V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, ÆV
OUT
= -1.5% 8.1 10.0 A
Short Circuit Current V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, V
POWER
= 2.15V, V
OUT
= 0V 6.0 9.0 A
Ripple Rejection V
CONTROL
= V
POWER
= 3.25V Avg, 60 80 dB
(Note 3) V
Ripple
= 1V
P-P
@ 120Hz, I
OUT
= 4A, C
ADJ
= 0.1µF
Thermal Regulation 30ms Pulse, TA = 25¡C 0.002 %/W
V
Dropout Voltage V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 100mA 1.00 1.15 V
(Minimum V
CONTROL-VOUT
)V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 1A 1.00 1.15 V
(Note 4) V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 2.75A 1.00 1.15 V
V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 4A 1.00 1.15 V
V
POWER
= 2.15V, I
OUT
= 8A 1.15 1.30 V
V
POWER
Dropout Voltage V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, I
OUT
= 100mA .10 .15 V
(Minimum V
POWER-VOUT
)V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, I
OUT
= 1A .15 .20 V
(Note 4) V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, I
OUT
= 2.75A .20 .30 V
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, I
OUT
= 4A .26 .40 V
V
CONTROL
= 2.75V, I
OUT
= 8A .40 .70 V
RMS Output Noise Freq = 10Hz to 10kHz, TA = 25¡C 0.003 %V
OUT
Temperature Stability 0.5 %
Thermal Shutdown (Note 5) 150 180 210 ¡C
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 25 ¡C
V
Supply Only V
= 13V, V
POWER
not connected, 50 mA
Output Current V
ADJUST
= V
OUT
= V
SENSE
= 0V
Electrical Characteristics: 0¡C ² TA² 70¡C, 0¡C ² TJ² 150¡C, V
SENSE
= V
OUT
and V
Adj
= 0V unless otherwise specified.
V
POWER
Input Voltage .................................................................................................................................................................6V
V
Input Voltage ...........................................................................................................................................................13V
Operating Junction Temperature Range...........................................................................................................0¡C ² TJ² 150¡C
Storage Temperature Range................................................................................................................................-65¡C to +150¡C
ESD Damage Threshold............................................................................................................................................................2kV
Lead Temperature Soldering
Wave Solder (through hole styles only) .....................................................................................10 sec. max, 260¡C peak
Page 3
CS5258-1
PACKAGE PIN # PIN SYMBOL FUNCTION
3
Block Diagram
Electrical Characteristics: 0¡C ² TA² 70¡C, 0¡C ² TJ² 150¡C, V
SENSE
= V
OUT
and V
Adj
= 0V unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
V
POWER
Supply Only V
POWER
= 6V, V
not connected, 0.1 1 mA
Output Current V
ADJUST
= V
OUT
= V
SENSE
= 0V
Note 1: The minimum load current is the minimum current required to maintain regulation. Normally the current in the resistor
divider used to set the output voltage is selected to meet the minimum load current requirement.
Note 2: The control pin current is the drive current required for the output transistor. This current will track output
current with roughly a 1:100 ratio. The minimum value is equal to the quiescent current of the device. Note 3: This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not 100% production tested. Note 4: Dropout is defined as either minimum control voltage (V
CONTROL
) or minimum power voltage (V
POWER
) to output volt-
age differential required to maintain 1.5% regulation at a particular load current. Note 5: This parameter is guaranteed by design, but not parametrically tested in production. However, a 100% thermal shutdown
functional test is performed on each part.
Package Pin Description
5L TO-220
1V
SENSE
This Kelvin sense pin allows for remote sensing of the output voltage at the load for improved regulation. It is internally connected to the positive input of the voltage sensing error amplifier.
2 Adjust This pin is connected to the low side of the internally trimmed 1.5% bandgap
reference voltage and carries a bias current of about 50uA. A resistor divider from Adj to V
OUT
and from Adj to ground sets the output voltage. Also, tran­sient response can be improved by adding a small bypass capacitor from this pin to ground.
3V
OUT
This pin is connected to the emitter of the power pass transistor and provides a regulated voltage capable of sourcing 8A of current.
4V
This is the supply voltage for the regulator control circuitry. For the device to regulate, this voltage should be between 1V and 1.30V (depending on the out­put current) greater than the output voltage. The control pin current will be about 1% of the output current .
5V
POWER
This is the power input voltage. The pin is physically connected to the collec­tor of the power pass transistor. For the device to regulate, this voltage should be between 0.1V and .7V greater than the output voltage depending on output current. The output load current of 8A is supplied through this pin.
V
POWER
V
CONTROL
BIAS
and
TSD
V
REF
-
EA
+
IA
+
-
V
OUT
V
SENSE
Adjust
Page 4
CS5258-1
4
V
CONTROL
Dropout vs I
OUT
V
POWER
Dropout Voltage vs I
OUT
Typical Performance Characteristics
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
-0.150
-0.125
-0.100
-0.075
-0.050
-0.025
-0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
I0=10mA V
CONTROL
=2.75V, V
POWER
=2.15V
T
J
(°C)
Ooutput Voltage Deviation (%)
0.00 8.00
0.000
Output Current (A)
Output Voltage Deviation (%)
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.070
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
V
POWER
=2.15V
V
CONTROL
=2.75V
Load Regulation vs Output CurrentReference Voltage vs Temperature
3.002.000.00
0.00
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
Output Current (A)
V
CONTROL
Drop Out Voltage (V)
V
POWER
=2.15V
1.00
4.00
6.005.00
7.00
8.00
0.00 8.00
0.000
1.000
V
POWER
Dropout Voltage (V)
Output Current (A)
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
V
CONTROL
=2.75V
Ripple Rejection vs FrequencyAdjust Pin Current vs Temperature
10.0
10
1
Frequency (Hz)
Ripple Rejection (dB)
20.0
30.0
40.00
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
6
10
5
50.0
VIN-V
OUT
=2V
I
OUT
=4A
V
RIPPLE
=1V
P-P
C
OUT
=22mF
C
ADJ
=0.1mF
0.0
83.0
Adjust Pin Current (mA)
Temperature (C)
40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
81.0
79.0
77.0
75.0
73.0
71.0
69.0
67.0
65.0
20.0 120.0
160.0140.0
Page 5
CS5258-1
Typical Performance Characteristics: continued
Current Step Transient Response
5
Minimum Load Current vs V
CONTROL-VOUT
50
0
-50
-100
8
0
02 5
0
Time (ms)
Output Voltage Deviation (mV)Current (A)
100
134
COUT=330mF C
POWER=110mF
C
CONTROL=10mF
C
ADJUST=0.1mF
VCONTROL=5V VPOWER=3.3V VOUT=2.5V
1.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
800.000
Minimum Load Current (mA)
V
CONTROL-VOUT
(V)
9.0 10.0 11.02.0 8.0
850.000
900.000
950.000
1000.000
1050.000
1100.000
1150.000
1200.000
VPOWER = 3.3V D VOUT= +1%
74.00
76.00
77.00
0.00 1.00 5.00 7.00
Output Current (A)
Adjust Pin Current (mA)
75.00
73.00
72.00
6.002.00 3.00 4.00 8.00
V
POWER
=2.15
V
CONTROL
=2.75V
Adjust Pin Current vs Output Current
0.0 0.5
0.0
15.0
Output Current (A)
V
POWER-VOUT
(V)
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
14.0
13.0
12.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
11.0
10.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Short Circuit Current vs V
POWER-VOUT
1.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
70.00
Adjust Pin Current (mA)
V
CONTROL-VOUT
(V)
9.0
71.00
72.00
73.00
74.00
75.00
10.0 11.02.0 8.0
VPOWER =2.15V IL=10mA
Adjust Pin Current vs V
CONTROL-VOUT
0.50
70.00
Adjust Pin Current (mA)
V
POWER-VOUT
(V)
2.50
71.00
72.00
73.00
74.00
75.00
3.50 4.501.50
VCONTROL=2.75V IL=10mA
Adjust Pin Current vs V
POWER-VOUT
Page 6
Application Notes
The CS5258-1 linear regulator provides adjustable voltages from 1.25V to 5V at currents up to 8A. The regulator is pro­tected against short circuits, and includes a thermal shut­down circuit with hysteresis. The output, which is current limited, consists of a PNP-NPN transistor pair and requires an output capacitor for stability. A detailed procedure for selecting this capacitor is included in the Stability Considerations section.
V
POWER
Function
The CS5258-1 utilizes a two supply approach to maximize efficiency. The collector of the power device is brought out to the V
POWER
pin to minimize internal power dissipation
under high current loads. V
provides power for the control circuitry and the drive for the output NPN transistor. V
should be at least 1V greater than the output voltage. Special care has been taken to ensure that there are no supply sequencing problems. The output volt­age will not turn on until both supplies are operating. If the control voltage comes up first, the output current will be typically limited to about 3mA until the power input voltage comes up. If the power input voltage comes up first the output will not turn on at all until the control volt­age comes up. The output can never come up unregulated.
The CS5258-1 can also be used as a single supply device with the control and power inputs tied together. In this mode, the dropout will be determined by the minimum control voltage.
Output Voltage Sensing
The CS5258-1 five terminal linear regulator includes a ded­icated V
SENSE
function. This allows for true Kelvin sensing of the output voltage. This feature can virtually eliminate errors in the output voltage due to load regulation. Regulation will be optimized at the point where the sense pin is tied to the output.
Adjustable Operation
This LDO adjustable regulator has an output voltage range of 1.25V to 5V. An external resistor divider sets the output voltage as shown in Figure 1. The regulatorÕs voltage sens­ing error amplifier maintains a fixed 1.253V reference between the output pin and the adjust pin.
A resistor divider network R1 and R
2
causes a fixed cur­rent to flow to ground. This current creates a voltage across R2that adds to the 1.253V across R1 and sets the overall output voltage. The adjust pin current (typically 50µA) also flows through R2and adds a small error that should be taken into account if precise adjustment of V
OUT
is necessary. The output voltage is set according to the formula:
V
OUT
= 1.253V ´ + R2 ´ I
ADJ
The term I
ADJ
´ R2represents the error added by the adjust
pin current. R1is chosen so that the minimum load current is a least
10mA. R1and R2should be of the same composition for best tracking over temperature. The divider resistors should be located as close to the load as possible.
Figure 1: An external resistor divider sets the value of V
OUT
. The 1.253V
reference voltage drops across R1.
)
R1+R
2
R
1
(
Design Guidelines
Theory of Operation
Typical Performance Characteristics: continued
CS5258-1
6
0.50 1.50 2.50
915.500
Minimum Load Current (mA)
V
POWER-VOUT
(V)
3.50 4.50
915.600
915.700
915.800
915.900
916.000
916.100
916.200
916.400
VCONTROL = 5V D VOUT = +1%
915.400
916.300
Minimum Load Current vs V
POWER-VOUT
V
CONTROL
V
POWER
V
CS5258-1
V
SENSE
Adjust
OUT
R1
R2
Page 7
CS5258-1
7
While not required, a bypass capacitor connected between the adjust pin and ground will improve transient response and ripple rejection. A 0.1µF tantalum capacitor is recom­mended for Òfirst cutÓ design. Value and type may be var­ied to optimize performance vs. price.
Other Adjustable Operation Considerations
The CS5258-1 linear regulator has an absolute maximum specification of 6V for the voltage difference between V
IN
and V
OUT
. However, the IC may be used to regulate volt­ages in excess of 6V. The two main considerations in such a design are the sequencing of power supplies and short cir­cuit capability.
Power supply sequencing should be such that the V
CON-
TROL
supply is brought up coincidentally with or before the
V
POWER
supply. This allows the IC to begin charging the
output capacitor as soon as the V
POWER
to V
OUT
differential
is large enough that the pass transistor conducts. As V
POW-
ER
increases, the pass transistor will remain in dropout, and
current is passed to the load until V
OUT
is in regulation. Further increase in the supply voltage brings the pass tran­sistor out of dropout. In this manner, any output voltage less than 13V may be regulated, provided the V
POWER
to
V
OUT
differential is less than 6V. In the case where V
CON-
TROL
and V
POWER
are shorted, there is no theoretical limit to
the regulated voltage as long as the V
POWER
to V
OUT
differ-
ential of 6V is not exceeded. There is a possibility of damaging the IC when V
POWER-VIN
is greater than 6V if a short circuit occurs. Short circuit con­ditions will result in the immediate operation of the pass transistor outside of its safe operating area. Over-voltage stresses will then cause destruction of the pass transistor before overcurrent or thermal shutdown circuitry can become active. Additional circuitry may be required to clamp the V
POWER
to V
OUT
differential to less than 6V if fail safe operation is required. One possible clamp circuit is illustrated in Figure 2; however, the design of clamp cir­cuitry must be done on an application by application basis. Care must be taken to ensure the clamp actually protects the design. Components used in the clamp design must be able to withstand the short circuit condition indefinitely while protecting the IC.
Figure 2: Example clamp circuitry for V
POWER
- V
OUT
> 6V.
Stability Considerations
The output compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: start-up delay, load transient response, and loop stability.
The capacitor value and type is based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capaci­tor with almost zero ESR can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solu­tion. However, when the circuit operates at low tempera­tures, both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturerÕs data sheet pro­vides this information.
A 300µF tantalum capacitor will work for most applica­tions, but with high current regulators such as the CS5258-1 the transient response and stability improve with higher values of capacitor. The majority of applications for this regulator involve large changes in load current so the output capacitor must supply the instantaneous load cur­rent. The ESR of the output capacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage given by:
ÆV = ÆI ´ ESR.
For microprocessor applications it is customary to use an output capacitor network consisting of several tantalum and ceramic capacitors in parallel. This reduces the overall ESR and reduces the instantaneous output voltage drop under transient load conditions. The output capacitor net­work should be as close to the load as possible for the best results.
Protection Diodes
When large external capacitors are used with a linear regu­lator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes. If the input voltage of the regulator gets shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capaci­tor, the output voltage, and the rate at which V
drops. In the CS5258-1 regulator, the discharge path is through a large junction and protection diodes are not usu­ally needed. If the regulator is used with large values of output capacitance and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can occur. In this case, a diode connected as shown in Figure 3 is recommended. Use of the diode has the added benefit of bleeding V
OUT
to
ground if V
is shorted. This prevents an unregulat-
ed output from causing system damage.
Figure 3: Diode protection against V
CONTROL
short circuit conditions.
Application Notes: continued
External Supply
V
Control
V
V
Adjust
SENSE
V
OUT
V
Power
V
CONTROL
CS5258-1
V
POWER
V
OUT
V
SENSE
Adjust
Page 8
CS5258-1
8
Application Notes: continued
A rule of thumb useful in determining if a protection diode is required is to solve for current
I= C
´ V , where
T
I is the current flow out of the load capacitance
when V
CONTROL
is shorted, C is the value of load capacitance V is the output voltage, and T is the time duration required for V
to transition from high to being shorted.
If the calculated current is greater than or equal to the typi­cal short circuit current value provided in the specifica­tions, serious thought should be given to the use of a pro­tection diode.
Current Limit
The internal current limit circuit limits the output current under excessive load conditions.
Short Circuit Protection
The device includes short circuit protection circuitry that clamps the output current at approximately two amperes less than its current limit value. This provides for a current foldback function, which reduces power dissipation even further under a direct shorted load.
Thermal Shutdown
The thermal shutdown circuitry is guaranteed by design to activate above a die junction temperature of approximately 150¡C and to shut down the regulator output. This circuit­ry has 25¡C of typical hysteresis, thereby allowing the reg­ulator to recover from a thermal fault automatically.
Calculating Power Dissipation and Heat Sink Requirements
High power regulators such as the CS5258-1 family usually operate at high junction temperatures. Therefore, it is important to calculate the power dissipation and junction temperatures accurately to ensure that an adequate heat sink is used. Since the package tab is connected to V
OUT
on
the CS5258-1, electrical isolation may be required for some
applications. Also, as with all high power packages, ther­mal compound is necessary to ensure proper heat flow. For added safety, this high current LDO includes an internal thermal shutdown circuit
The thermal characteristics of an IC depend on the follow­ing four factors: junction temperature, ambient tempera­ture, die power dissipation, and the thermal resistance from the die junction to ambient air. The maximum junc­tion temperature can be determined by:
T
J(max)
= T
A(max)
+ PD
(max)
´ R
QJA
The maximum ambient temperature and the power dissi­pation are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and the thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. The maximum power dissipation for a regulator is:
PD
(max)
= (V
IN(max)-VOUT(min))IOUT(max)
+ V
IN(max)*IIN(max)
A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment has a thermal resistance which is measured in degrees per watt. Like series electrical resistances, these thermal resistances are summed to determine the total thermal resistance between the die junction and the surrounding air, R
QJA
. This total thermal resistance is comprised of three compo­nents. These resistive terms are measured from junction to case (R
QJC
), case to heat sink R
QCS
), and heat sink to ambi-
ent air (R
QSA
). The equation is:
R
QJA
= R
QJC
+ R
QCS
+ R
QSA
The value for R
QJC
is 1.4ûC watt for the CS5258-1 in the TO-220 package. For a high current regulator such as the CS5258-1 the majority of heat is generated in the power transistor section. The value for R
QSA
depends on the heat
sink type, while the R
QCS
depends on factors such as pack­age type, heat sink interface (is an insulator and thermal grease used?), and the contact area between the heat sink and the package. Once these calculations are complete, the maximum permissible value of R
QJA
can be calculated and the proper heat sink selected. For further discussion on heat sink selection, see our Cherry application note ÒThermal Management for Linear Regulators.Ó
Page 9
9
Rev. 3/17/99
Thermal Data 5L
TO-220
R
QJC
typ 1.4 ûC/W
R
QJA
typ 50 ûC/W
CS
© 1999 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation
Package Specification
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES)
Ordering Information
CS5258-1
PACKAGE THERMAL DATA
Part Number Description
CS5258-1GT5 5L TO-220 Straight
Cherry Semiconductor Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the specifications without notice. Please contact Cherry Semiconductor Corporation for the latest available information.
5 Lead TO-220 (T) Straight
2.87 (.113)
2.62 (.103)
6.93(.273)
6.68(.263)
9.78 (.385)
10.54 (.415)
1.02(.040)
0.63(.025)
1.83(.072)
1.57(.062)
0.56 (.022)
0.36 (.014)
2.92 (.115)
2.29 (.090)
1.40 (.055)
1.14 (.045)
4.83 (.190)
4.06 (.160)
6.55 (.258)
5.94 (.234)
14.22 (.560)
13.72 (.540)
1.02 (.040)
0.76 (.030)
3.71 (.146)
3.96 (.156)
14.99 (.590)
14.22 (.560)
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