Datasheet CH7013A-T, CH7013A Datasheet (Chrontel Inc)

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CHRONTEL

Digital PC to TV Encoder

CH7013A

Features

• Pin and function compatible with CH7003

• Universal digital interface accepts YCrCb (CCIR601 or 656) or RGB (15, 16 or 24-bit) video data in both non-interlaced and interlaced formats

• True Scale operations for various graphics resolutions

• Enhanced text sharpness and adaptive flicker removal with up to 5-lines of filtering

• Enhanced dot crawl control and area reduction

• Fully programmable through serial port

• Supports NTSC, NTSC-EIA (Japan), and PAL (B, D, G, H, I, M and N) TV formats

• Provides Composite, S-Video and SCART outputs

• Auto-detection of TV presence

• Supports VBI pass-through

• Programmable power management

• 9-bit video DAC outputs

• Complete Windows and DOS driver software

• Offered in 44-pin PLCC, 44-pin TQFP

rendering engine supports undescan

† ¥

†

General Description

Chrontel’s CH7013A digital PC to TV encoder is a standalone integrated circuit which provides a PC 99 compliant solution for TV output. It provides a universal digital input port to accept a pixel data stream from a compatible VGA controller (or equivalent) and converts this directly into NTSC or PAL TV format.

This circuit integrates a digital NTSC/PAL encoder with 9bit DAC interface, and new adaptive flicker filter, and high accuracy low-jitter phase locked loop to create outstanding quality video. Through its TrueScale flickering engine, the CH7013A supports full vertical and horizontal underscan capability and operates in 5 different resolutions including 640x480 and 800x600.

A new universal digital interface along with full programmability make the CH7013A ideal for system-level PC solutions. All features are software programmable through a serial port, to enable a complete PC solution using a TV as the primary display.

scaling and de-

† Patent number 5,781,241 ¥ Patent number 5,914,753

D [15:0]

PIXEL DATA

DIGITAL

INPUT

INTERFACE

SERIAL CONTROL BLOCK

LINE

MEMORY

RGB-YUV

CONVERTER

ADDR

TRUE SCALE

SCALING & DEFLICKERING

ENGINE

SYSTEM CLOCK

PLL

XCLK

TIMING & SYNC GENERATOR

Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram

YUV-RGB CONVERTER

NTSC/PAL

ENCODER

& FILTERS

V XI XO/FIN

CSYNC

P-OUTCLOCK DATA

TRIPLE

DAC

BCO

Y/R

C/G

CVBS/B

RSET

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

D[2]

D[3]

D[1]

XCLK

DVDD

D[0]

P-OUT

DGND

BCO

AGND

XO/FIN

39 D[4] D[5] D[6]

DVDD

8 9 10 11

XI AVDD DVDD ADDR

CHRONTEL

D[7] DGND D[8]

D[9]

D[10] D[11]

12 13 14 15 16 17

CH7013A

D[12]

D[13]

D[14]

D[15]

DVDD

CSYNC

GND

DGND

CVBS

CLOCK DATADGND] VDD RSET GND

Figure 2: 44-Pin PLCC

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

D[2]

D[3]

D[3] D[4]

D[4] D[5]

D[5] D[6]

D[6]

DVDD

D[7]

D[7] D[8]

D[8]

DGND]

D[9]

D[10]

D[10] D[11]

D[11]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

D[1]

XCLK

DVDD

D[0]

P-OUT

CHRONTEL

CH7013A

DGND

BCO

AGND

XO/FIN

AVDD

AVDD DVDD

DVDD ADDR

ADDR DGND

DGND CLOCK

SC DATA

SD VDD

VDD

RSET

GND

D[12]

D[13]

D[14]

D[15]

DVDD

Figure 3: 44-PIN TQFP

CSYNC

GND

DGND

CVBS

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Table 1. Pin Descriptions

44-Pin

PLCC

21-15

13-12,

10-4

43 37 Out P-OUT

1 39 In XCLK

3 41 In/Out V

2 40 In/Out H

41 35 Out BCO

38 32 In XI

39 33 In XO/FIN

44Pin TQFP

15,14, 13,12, 11,10,

9,7,6,

4,3, 2,1,

44,43,42

Type Symbol Description

In D15-D0

Digital Pixel Inputs

These pins accept digital pixel data streams with either 8, 12, or 16-bit multiplexed or 16-bit non-multiplexed formats, determined by the input mode setting (see Registers and Programming section). Inputs D0 - D7 are used when operating in 8-bit multiplexed mode. Inputs D0 - D11 are used when operating in 12-bit mode. Inputs D0 - D15 are used when operating in 16-bit mode. The data structure and timing sequence for each mode is described in the section on Digital Input Port.

Pixel Clock Output The CH7013A, operating in master mode, provides a pixel data

clocking signal to the VGA controller. This pin provides the pixel clock output signal (adjustable as X, 2X or 3X) to the VGA controller (see the section on Digital Video Interface and Registers and Programming for more details). The capacitive loading on this pin should be kept to a minimum.

Pixel Clock Input

To operate in a pure master mode, the P-OUT signal should be connected to the XCLK input pin. To operate in a pseudo-master mode, the P-OUT clock is used as a reference frequency, and a signal locked to this output (at 1X, 1/2X, or 1/3X the P-OUT frequency) is input to the XCLK pin. To operate in slave mode, the CH7013A accepts an external pixel clock input at this pin. The capacitive loading on this pin should be kept to a minimum.

Vertical Sync Input/Output

This pin accepts the vertical sync signal from the VGA controller, or outputs a vertical sync to the VGA controller. The capacitive loading on this pin should kept to a minimum.

Horizontal Sync Input/Output

This pin accepts the horizontal sync from the VGA controller, or outputs a horizontal sync to the VGA controller. The capacitive loading on this pin should be kept to a minimum.

Buffered Clock Output

This pin provides a buffered output of the 14.31818 MHz crystal input frequency for other devices and remains active at all times (including power-down). The output can also be selected to be other frequencies (see Registers and Programming).

Crystal Input A parallel resonance 14.31818 MHz (± 50 ppm) crystal should be

attached between XI and XO/FIN. However, if an external CMOS clock is attached to XO/FIN, XI should be connected to ground.

Crystal Output or External Fref A 14.31818 MHz (± 50 ppm) crystal may be attached between XO/FIN

and XI. An external CMOS compatible clock can be connected to XO/FIN as an alternative.

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Table 1. Pin Descriptions

44-Pin

PLCC

30 24 In RSET

28 22 Out Y/R

27 21 Out C/G

26 20 Out CVBS/B

23 17 Out CSYNC

32 26 In/Out DATA

33 27 In CLOCK

35 29 In ADDR

40 34 Power AGND

37 31 Power AVDD

44Pin TQFP

Type Symbol Description

Reference Resistor

A 360 Ω resistor with short and wide traces should be attached between RSET and ground. No other connections should be made to this pin.

Luminance Output

A 75 Ω termination resistor with short traces should be attached between Y and ground for optimum performance. In normal operating

modes other than SCART, this pin outputs the luma video signal. In SCART mode, this pin outputs the red signal.

Chrominance Output

A 75 Ω termination resistor with short traces should be attached between C and ground for optimum performance. In normal operating

modes other than SCART, this pin outputs the chroma video signal. In SCART mode, this pin outputs the green signal.

Composite Video Output A 75 Ω termination resistor with short traces should be attached

between CVBS and ground for optimum performance. In normal operating modes other than SCART, this pin outputs the composite video signal. In SCART mode, this pin outputs the blue signal.

Composite Sync Output

A 75 Ω termination resistor with short traces should be attached between CSYNC and ground for optimum performance. In SCART mode, this pin outputs the composite sync signal.

Serial Data (External pull-up required)

This pin functions as the serial data pin of the serial interface port (see the serial Port Operation section for details).

Serial Clock (Internal pull-up)

This pin functions as the serial clock pin of the serial interface port (see the serial Port Operation section for details).

Serial Address Select (Internal pull-up)

This pin is the serial Address Select, which corresponds to bits 1 and 0 of the serial device address (see the serial Port Operation section for details), creating an address selection as follows:

ADDR Serial Address Selected 1 1110101 = 75H = 117 0 1110110 = 76H = 118

Analog ground

These pins provide the ground reference for the analog section of the CH7013A, and MUST be connected to the system ground, to prevent latchup. Refer to the Application Information section for information on proper supply de-coupling.

Analog Supply Voltage These pins supply the 5V power to the analog section of the CH7013A.

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Table 1. Pin Descriptions

44-Pin

PLCC

31 25 Power VDD

29, 25 19,23 Power GND

44, 36,

22, 11

42, 34,

24, 14

44Pin TQFP

5,16,

30,38

8,18,

28,36

Type Symbol Description

DAC Power Supply

These pins supply the 5V power to CH7013A’s internal DAC’s.

DAC Ground

These pins provide the ground reference for CH7013A’s internal DACs. For information on proper supply de-coupling, please refer to the Application Information section.

Power DVDD

Power DGND

Digital Supply Voltage

These pins supply the 3.3V power to the digital section of CH7013A.

Digital Ground

These pins provide the ground reference for the digital section of CH7013A, and MUST be connected to the system ground to prevent latchup.

Digital Video Interface

The CH7013A digital video interface provides a flexible digital interface between a computer graphics controller and the TV encoder IC, forming the ideal quality/cost configuration for performing the TV-output function. This digital interface consists of up to 16 data signals and 4 control signals, all of which are subject to programmable control through the CH7013A register set. This interface can be configured as 8, 12 or 16-bit inputs operating in either multiplexed mode or 16-bit input operation in de-multiplexed mode. It will also accept either YCrCb or RGB (15, 16 or 24-bit) data formats and will accept both non-interlaced and interlaced data formats. A summary of the input data format modes is as follows:

Table 2. Input Data Formats

Bus

Width

Transfer Mode Color Space and Depth Format Reference

16-bit Non-multiplexed RGB 16-bit 5-6-5 each word 15-bit Non-multiplexed RGB 15-bit 5-5-5 each word 16-bit Non-multiplexed YCrCb (24-bit) CbY0,CrY1...(CCIR656 style)

8-bit 2X-multiplexed RGB 15-bit 5-5-5 over two bytes 8-bit 2X-multiplexed RGB 16-bit 5-6-5 over two bytes 8-bit 3X-multiplexed RGB 24-bit 8-8-8 over three bytes

8-bit 2X-multiplexed YCrCb (24-bit) Cb,Y0,Cr,Y1,(CCIR656 style) 12-bit 2X-multiplexed RGB 24 8-8-8 over two words - ‘C’ version 12-bit 2X-multiplexed RGB 24 8-8-8 over two words - ‘I’ version 16-bit 2X-multiplexed RGB 24 (32) 8-8,8X over two words

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The clock and timing signals used to latch and process the incoming pixel data is dependent upon the clock mode. The CH7013A can operate in either master (the CH7013A generates a pixel frequency which is either returned as a phase-aligned pixel clock or used directly to latch data), or slave mode (the graphics chip generates the pixel clock). The pixel clock frequency will change depending upon the active image size (e.g., 640x480 or 800x600), the desired output format (NTSC or PAL), and the amount of scaling desired. The pixel clock may be requested to be 1X, 2X, or 3X the pixel data rate (subject to a 100MHz frequency limitation). In the case of a 1X pixel clock the CH7013A will automatically use both clock edges, if a multiplexed data format is selected.

Sync Signals: Horizontal and vertical sync signals will normally be supplied by the VGA controller, but may be selected to be generated by the CH7013A. In the case of CCIR656 style input (IDF = 1 or 9), embedded sync may also be used. (In each case, the period of the horizontal sync should be equal to the duration of the pixel clock, times the first value of the (Total Pixels/Line x Total Lines/Frame) column of the Table17 on page 32 (display Mode Register OOH description). The leading edge of the horizontal sync is used to determine the start of each line. The Vertical sync signal must be able to be set to the second value in the: (Total Pixels/Line x Total Lines/Frame) column of Table17 on page 32).

Master Clock Mode: The CH7013A generates a clock signal (output at the P-OUT pin) which will be used by the VGA controller as a frequency reference. The VGA controller will then generate a clock signal which will be input via the XCLK input. This incoming signal will be used to latch (and de-multiplex, if required) incoming data. The XCLK input clock rate must match the input data rate, and the P-OUT clock can be requested to be 1X, 2X or 3X the pixel data rate. As an alternative, the P-OUT clock signal can also be used as the input clock signal (connected directly to the XCLK input) to latch the incoming data. If this mode is used, the incoming data must meet setup and hold times with respect to the XCLK input (with the only internal adjustment being XCLK polarity).

Slave Clock Mode: The VGA controller will generate a clock which will be input to the XCLK pin (no clock signal will be output on the P-OUT pin). This signal must match the input data rate, must occur at 1X, 2X or 3X the pixel data rate, and will be used to latch (and de-multiplex if required) incoming data. Also, the graphics IC transmits back to the TV encoder the horizontal and vertical timing signals, and pixel data, each of which must meet the specified setup and hold times with respect to the pixel clock.

Pixel Data: Active pixel data will be expected after a programmable number of pixels times the multiplex rate after the leading edge of Horizontal Sync. In other words, specifying the horizontal back porch value (as a pixel count), plus horizontal sync width, will determine when the chip will begin to sample pixels.

Non-multiplexed Mode

In the 15/16-bit mode shown in Figure4, the pixel data bus represents a 15/16-bit non-multiplexed data stream, which contains either RGB or YCrCb formatted data. When operating in RGB mode, each 15/16-bit Pn value will contain a complete pixel encoded in either 5-6-5 or 5-5-5 format. When operating in YCrCb mode, each 16-bit Pn word will contain an 8-bit Y (luminance) value on the upper 8 bits, and an 8-bit C (color difference) value on the lower 8 bits. The color difference will be transmitted at half the data rate of the luminance data, with the sequencebeing set as Cb followed by Cr. The Cb and Cr data will be co-sited with the Y value transmitted with the Cb value, with the data sequence described in Table3. The first active pixel is SAV pixels after the trailing edge of horizontal sync, where SAV is a bus-controlled register.

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

HSYNC

POut/ XCLK

Pixel Data

Table 3. 15/16-bit Non-multiplexed Data Formats

HSW

P 1

AVRSAV

P0a P0b P1a P1b P2a P2b

P0 P1

Figure 4: Non-multiplexed Data Transfers

PH 1

SP1

HP1

P2 P3 P4 P5

IDF#

Format

RGB 5-6-5

RGB 5-5-5

YCrCb (16-bit)

Pixel# P0 P1 P0 P1 P0 P1 P2 P3 Bus Data D[15] R0[4] R1[4] x x Y0[7] Y1[7] Y2[7] Y3[7]

D[14] R0[3] R1[3] R2[4] R3[4] Y0[6] Y1[6] Y2[6] Y3[6] D[13] R0[2] R1[2] R2[3] R3[3] Y0[5] Y1[5] Y2[5] Y3[5] D[12] R0[1] R1[1] R2[2] R3[2] Y0[4] Y1[4] Y2[4] Y3[4] D[11] R0[0] R1[0] R2[1] R3[1] Y0[3] Y1[3] Y2[3] Y3[3] D[10] G0[5] G1[5] R2[0] R3[0] Y0[2] Y1[2] Y2[2] Y3[2] D[9] G0[4] G1[4] G2[4] G3[4] Y0[1] Y1[1] Y2[1] Y3[1] D[8] G0[3] G1[3] G2[3] G3[3] Y0[0] Y1[0] Y2[0] Y3[0] D[7] G0[2] G1[2] G2[2] G3[2] Cb0[7] Cr0[7] Cb2[7] Cr2[7] D[6] G0[1] G1[1] G2[1] G3[1] Cb0[6] Cr0[6] Cb2[6] Cr2[6] D[5] G0[0] G1[0] G2[0] G3[0] Cb0[5] Cr0[5] Cb2[5] Cr2[5] D[4] B0[4] B1[4] B2[4] B3[4] Cb0[4] Cr0[4] Cb2[4] Cr2[4] D[3] B0[3] B1[3] B2[3] B3[3] Cb0[3] Cr0[3] Cb2[3] Cr2[3] D[2] B0[2] B1[2] B2[2] B3[2] Cb0[2] Cr0[2] Cb2[2] Cr2[2] D[1] B0[1] B1[1] B2[1] B3[1] Cb0[1] Cr0[1] Cb2[1] Cr2[1] D[0] B0[0] B1[0] B2[0] B3[0] Cb0[0] Cr0[0] Cb2[0] Cr2[0]

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Digital Video Interface (continued)

When IDF = 1, (YCrCb 16-bit mode), H and V sync signals can be embedded into the data stream. In this mode, the embedded sync will be similar to the CCIR656 convention (not identical, since that convention is for 8-bit data streams), and the first byte of the ‘video timing reference code’ will be assumed to occur when a Cb sample would occur – if the video stream was continuous. This is delineated in Table4 below.

Table 4. YCrCb Non-multiplexed Mode with Embedded Syncs

IDF#

Format

Pixel# P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 Bus Data D[15] 0 S[7] Y0[7] Y1[7] Y2[7] Y3[7] Y4[7] Y5[7]

D[14] 0 S[6] Y0[6] Y1[6] Y2[6] Y3[6] Y4[6] Y5[6] D[13] 0 S[5] Y0[5] Y1[5] Y2[5] Y3[5] Y4[5] Y5[5] D[12] 0 S[4] Y0[4] Y1[4] Y2[4] Y3[4] Y4[4] Y5[4] D[11] 0 S[3] Y0[3] Y1[3] Y2[3] Y3[3] Y4[3] Y5[3] D[10] 0 S[2] Y0[2] Y1[2] Y2[2] Y3[2] Y4[2] Y5[2] D[9] 0 S[1] Y0[1] Y1[1] Y2[1] Y3[1] Y4[1] Y5[1] D[8] 0 S[0] Y0[0] Y1[0] Y2[0] Y3[0] Y4[0] Y5[0] D[7] 1 0 Cb0[7] Cr0[7] Cb2[7] Cr2[7] Cb4[7] Cr4[7] D[6] 1 0 Cb0[6] Cr0[6] Cb2[6] Cr2[6] Cb4[6] Cr4[6] D[5] 1 0 Cb0[5] Cr0[5] Cb2[5] Cr2[5] Cb4[5] Cr4[5] D[4] 1 0 Cb0[4] Cr0[4] Cb2[4] Cr2[4] Cb4[4] Cr4[4] D[3] 1 0 Cb0[3] Cr0[3] Cb2[3] Cr2[3] Cb4[3] Cr4[3] D[2] 1 0 Cb0[2] Cr0[2] Cb2[2] Cr2[2] Cb4[2] Cr4[2] D[1] 1 0 Cb0[1] Cr0[1] Cb2[1] Cr2[1] Cb4[1] Cr4[1] D[0] 1 0 Cb0[0] Cr0[0] Cb2[0] Cr2[0] Cb4[0] Cr4[0]

YCrCb 16-bit

In this mode, the S[7-0] byte contains the following data: S[6] = F = 1 during field 2, 0 during field 1

S[5] = V = 1 during field blanking, 0 elsewhere S[4] = H = 1 during EAV (the synchronization reference at the end of active video)

0 during SAV (the synchronization reference at the start of active video)

Bits S[7] and S[3..0] are ignored.

Multiplexed Mode

Each rising edge (or each rising and falling edge) of the XCLK signal will latch data from the graphics chip. The multiplexed input data formats are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The Pixel Data bus represents an 8, 12, or 16-bit multiplexed data stream, which contains either RGB or YCrCb formatted data. In IDF settings of 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, the input data rate is 2X PCLK, and each pair of Pn values (e.g., P0a and P0b) will contain a complete pixel, encoded as shown in the tables below. When IDF = 6, the input data rate is 3X PCLK, and each triplet of Pn values (e.g., P0a, P0b and P0c) will contain a complete pixel, encoded as shown in the tables below. When the input is YCrCb, the color-difference data will be transmitted at half the data rate of the luminance data, with the sequence being set as Cb, Y, Cr, Y where Cb0,Y0,Cr0 refers to co-sited luminance and color-difference samples — and the following Y1 byte refers to the next luminance sample, per CCIR656 standards. However, the clock frequency is dependent upon the current mode, (not 27MHz, as specified in CCIR656).

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Digital Video Interface (continued)

XCLK

DEC = 0

XCLK

DEC = 1

D[15:0] P0a P0b P1a P1b P2a P2b

Table 5.RGB 8-bit Multiplexed Mode

HSW

SP2

PH2

HP2

SP2

Figure 5: Multiplexed Pixel Data Transfer Mode

HP2

SP2

HP2

IDF#

Format

RGB 5-6-5

RGB 5-5-5

Pixel# P0a P0b P1a P1b P0a P0b P1a P1b Bus Data D[7] G0[2] R0[4] G1[2] R1[4] G0[2] x G1[2] x

D[6] G0[1] R0[3] G1[1] R1[3] G0[1] R0[4] G1[1] R1[4] D[5] G0[0] R0[2] G1[0] R1[2] G0[0] R0[3] G1[0] R1[3] D[4] B0[4] R0[1] B1[4] R1[1] B0[4] R0[2] B1[4] R1[2] D[3] B0[3] R0[0] B1[3] R1[0] B0[3] R0[1] B1[3] R1[1] D[2] B0[2] G0[5] B1[2] G1[5] B0[2] R0[0] B1[2] R1[0] D[1] B0[1] G0[4] B1[1] G1[4] B0[1] G0[4] B1[1] G1[4] D[0] B0[0] G0[3] B1[0] G1[3] B0[0] G0[3] B1[0] G1[3]

Table 6. RGB 12-bit Multiplexed Mode

IDF#

Format

12-bit RGB (12-12)

Pixel# P0a P0b P1a P1b P0a P0b P1a P1b Bus Data D[11] G0[3] R0[7] G1[3] R1[7] G0[4] R0[7] G1[4] R1[7]

D[10] G0[2] R0[6] G1[2] R1[6] G0[3] R0[6] G1[3] R1[6] D[9] G0[1] R0[5] G1[1] R1[5] G0[2] R0[5] G1[2] R1[5] D[8] G0[0] R0[4] G1[0] R1[4] B0[7] R0[4] B1[7] R1[4] D[7] B0[7] R0[3] B1[7] R1[3] B0[6] R0[3] B1[6] R1[3] D[6] B0[6] R0[2] B1[6] R1[2] B0[5] G0[7] B1[5] G1[7] D[5] B0[5] R0[1] B1[5] R1[1] B0[4] G0[6] B1[4] G1[6] D[4] B0[4] R0[0] B1[4] R1[0] B0[3] G0[5] B1[3] G1[5] D[3] B0[3] G0[7] B1[3] G1[7] G0[0] R0[2] G1[0] R1[2] D[2] B0[2] G0[6] B1[2] G1[6] B0[2] R0[1] B1[2] R1[1] D[1] B0[1] G0[5] B1[1] G1[5] B0[1] R0[0] B1[1] R1[0] D[0] B0[0] G0[4] B1[0] G1[4] B0[0] G0[1] B1[0] G1[1]

12-bit RGB (12-12)

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Digital Video Interface (continued)

Table 7. RGB 16-bit Muliplexed Mode

IDF#

Format

Pixel# P0a P0b P1a P1b Bus Data D[15] G0[7] A0[7] G1[7] A1[7]

D[14] G0[6] A0[6] G1[6] A1[6] D[13] G0[5] A0[5] G1[5] A1[5] D[12] G0[4] A0[4] G1[4] A1[4] D[11] G0[3] A0[3] G1[3] A1[3] D[10] G0[2] A0[2] G1[2] A1[2] D[9] G0[1] A0[1] G1[1] A1[1] D[8] G0[0] A0[0] G1[0] A1[0] D[7] B0[7] R0[7] B1[7] R1[7] D[6] B0[6] R0[6] B1[6] R1[6] D[5] B0[5] R0[5] B1[5] R1[5] D[4] B0[4] R0[4] B1[4] R1[4] D[3] B0[3] R0[3] B1[3] R1[3] D[2] B0[2] R0[2] B1[2] R1[2] D[1] B0[1] R0[1] B0[1] R1[1] D[0] B0[0] R0[0] B0[0] R1[0]

Note: The AX[7:0] data is ignored.

16-bit RGB (16-8)

Table 8. YCrCb Multiplexed Mode

IDF#

Format

Pixel# P0a P0b P1a P1b P2a P2b P3a P3b Bus Data D[7] Cb0[7] Y0[7] Cr0[7] Y1[7] Cb2[7] Y2[7] Cr2[7] Y3[7]

D[6] Cb0[6] Y0[6] Cr0[6] Y1[6] Cb2[6] Y2[6] Cr2[6] Y3[6] D[5] Cb0[5] Y0[5] Cr0[5] Y1[5] Cb2[5] Y2[5] Cr2[5] Y3[5] D[4] Cb0[4] Y0[4] Cr0[4] Y1[4] Cb2[4] Y2[4] Cr2[4] Y3[4] D[3] Cb0[3] Y0[3] Cr0[3] Y1[3] Cb2[3] Y2[3] Cr2[3] Y3[3] D[2] Cb0[2] Y0[2] Cr0[2] Y1[2] Cb2[2] Y2[2] Cr2[2] Y3[2] D[1] Cb0[1] Y0[1] Cr0[1] Y1[1] Cb2[1] Y2[1] Cr2[1] Y3[1] D[0] Cb0[0] Y0[0] Cr0[0] Y1[0] Cb2[0] Y2[0] Cr2[0] Y3[0]

YCrCb 8-bit

When IDF = 9 (YCrCb 8-bit mode), H and V sync signals can be embedded into the data stream. In this mode, the embedded sync will follow the CCIR656 convention, and the first byte of the “video timing reference code” will be assumed to occur when a Cb sample would occur if the video stream was continuous. This is delineated in Table9 shown below.

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Digital Video Interface (continued)

Table 9. YCrCb Multiplexed Mode with Embedded Syncs

IDF#

Format

Pixel# P0a P0b P1a P1b P2a P2b P3a P3b Bus Data D[7] 1 0 0 S[7] Cb2[7] Y2[7] Cr2[7] Y3[7]

D[6] 1 0 0 S[6] Cb2[6] Y2[6] Cr2[6] Y3[6] D[5] 1 0 0 S[5] Cb2[5] Y2[5] Cr2[5] Y3[5] D[4] 1 0 0 S[4] Cb2[4] Y2[4] Cr2[4] Y3[4] D[3] 1 0 0 S[3] Cb2[3] Y2[3] Cr2[3] Y3[3] D[2] 1 0 0 S[2] Cb2[2] Y2[2] Cr2[2] Y3[2] D[1] 1 0 0 S[1] Cb2[1] Y2[1] Cr2[1] Y3[1] D[0] 1 0 0 S[0] Cb2[0] Y2[0] Cr2[0] Y3[0]

YCrCb 8-bit

In this mode the S[7:0] contains the following data: S[6] = F = 1 during field 2, 0 during field 1

S[5] = V = 1 during field blanking, 0 elsewhere S[4] = H = 1 during EAV (the synchronization reference at the end of active video)

0 during SAV (the synchronization reference at the start of active video)

Bits S[7] and S[3..0] are ignored.

HSW

HSYNC

PH3

POut/ XCLK

Pixel

D[7:0]

Data

SP3

P0a P0b P0c P1a P1b P1c

HP3

Figure 6: Multiplexed Pixel Data Transfer Mode (IDF = 6)

Table 10. RGB 8-bit Multiplexed Mode (24-bit Color)

IDF#

Format

Pixel# P0a P0b P0c P1a P1b P1c P2a P2b P2c Bus Data D[7] B0[7] G0[7] R0[7] B1[7] G1[7] R1[7] B2[7] G2[7] R2(7)

D[6] B0[6] G0[6] R0[6] B1[6] G1[6] R1[6] B2[6] G2[6] R2(6) D[5] B0[5] G0[5] R0[5] B1[5] G1[5] R1[5] B2[5] G2[5] R2(5) D[4] B0[4] G0[4] R0[4] B1[4] G1[4] R1[4] B2[4] G2[4] R2(4) D[3] B0[3] G0[3] R0[3] B1[3] G1[3] R1[3] B2[3] G2[3] R2(3) D[2] B0[2] G0[2] R0[2] B1[2] G1[2] R1[2] B2[2] G2[2] R2(2) D[1] B0[1] G0[1] R0[1] B1[1] G1[1] R1[1] B2[1] G2[1] R2(1) D[0] B0[0] G0[0] R0[0] B1[0] G1[0] R1[0] B2[0] G2[0] R2(0)

12 201-0000-041 Rev. 1.0, 6/14/2000

RGB 8-bit

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Chrontel CH7013A

Functional Description

The CH7013A is a TV-output companion chip to graphics controllers providing digital output in either YUV or RGB format. This solution involves both hardware and software elements which work together to produce an optimum TV screen image based on the original computer generated pixel data. All essential circuitry for this conversion are integrated on-chip. On-chip circuitry includes memory, memory control, scaling, PLL, DAC, filters, and NTSC/PAL encoder. All internal signal processing, including NTSC/PAL encoding, is performed using digital techniques to ensure that the high-quality video signals are not affected by drift issues associated with analog components. No additional adjustment is required during manufacturing.

CH7013A is ideal for PC motherboards, web browsers, or VGA add-in boards where a minimum of discrete support components (passive components, parallel resonance 14.31818 MHz crystal) are required for full operation.

Architectural Overview

The CH7013A is a complete TV output subsystem which uses both hardware and software elements to produce an image on TV which is virtually identical to the image that would be displayed on a monitor. Simply creating a compatible TV output from a VGA input involves a relatively straightforward process. This process includes a standard conversion from RGB to YUV color space, converting from a non-interlaced to an interlaced frame sequence, and encoding the pixel stream into NTSC or PAL compliant format. However, creating an optimum computer-generated image on a TV screen involves a highly sophisticated process of scaling, deflickering, and filtering. This results in a compatible TV output that displays a sharp and subtle image, of the right size, with minimal artifacts from the conversion process.

As a key part of the overall system solution, the CH7013A software establishes the correct framework for the VGA input signal to enable this process. Once the display is set to a supported resolution (either 640x480 or 800x600), the CH7013A software may be invoked to establish the appropriate TV output display. The software then programs the various timing parameters of the VGA controller to create an output signal that will be compatible with the chosen resolution, operating mode, and TV format. Adjustments performed in software include pixel clock rates, total pixels per line, and total lines per frame. By performing these adjustments in software, the CH7013A can render a superior TV image without the added cost of a full frame buffer memory – normally used to implement features such as scaling and full synchronization.

The CH7013A hardware accepts digital RGB or YCrCb inputs, which are latched in synchronization with the pixel clock. These inputs are then color-space converted into YUV in 4-2-2 format and stored in a line buffer memory. The stored pixels are fed into a block where scan-rate conversion, underscan scaling and 2-line, 3-line, 4-line and 5line vertical flicker filtering are performed. The scan-rate converter transforms the VGA horizontal scan-rate to either NTSC or PAL scan rates; the vertical flicker filter eliminates flicker at the output while the underscan scaling reduces the size of the displayed image to fit onto a TV screen. The resulting YUV signals are filtered through digital filters to minimize aliasing problems. The digital encoder receives the filtered signals and transforms them to composite and S-Video outputs, which are converted by the three 9-bit DACs into analog outputs.

Color Burst Generation*

The CH7013A allows the sub-carrier frequency to be accurately generated from a 14.31818 MHz crystal oscillator, leaving the sub-carrier frequency independent of the sampling rate. As a result, the CH7013A may be used with any VGA chip (with an appropriate digital interface) since the CH7013A sub-carrier frequency can be generated without being dependent on the precise pixel rates of VGA controllers. This feature is a significant benefit, since even a ±

0.01% sub-carrier frequency variation may be enough to cause some television monitors to lose color lock. In addition, the CH7013A has the capability to genlock the color burst signal to the VGA horizontal sync frequency,

which enables a fully synchronous system between the graphics controller and the television. When genlocked, the CH7013A can also stop “dot crawl” motion (for composite mode operation in NTSC modes) to eliminate the annoyance of moving borders. Both of these features are under programmable control through the register set.

Display Modes

The CH7013A display mode is controlled by three independent factors: input resolution, TV format, and scale factor, which are programmed via the display mode register. It is designed to accept input resolutions of 640x480, 800x600, 640x400 (including 320x200 scan-doubled output), 720x400, and 512x384. It is designed to support

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Display Modes (continued)

output to either NTSC or PAL television formats. The CH7013A provides interpolated scaling with selectable factors of 5:4, 1:1, 7:8, 5:6, 3:4 and 7:10 in order to support adjustable overscan or underscan operation when displayed on a TV. This combination of factors results in a matrix of useful operating modes which are listed in detail in Table11.

Table 11. CH7013A Display Modes

TV Format

Standard

NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC NTSC

PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL PAL

Input

(active)

Resolution

640x480 1:1 640x480 7:8 640x480 5:6 800x600 5:6 800x600 3:4 800x600 640x400 5:4 500 16% 21.147 840 420 640x400 1:1 400 (8%) 26.434 840 525 640x400 7:8 350 (19%) 30.210 840 600 720x400 5:4 500 16% 23.790 945 420 720x400 1:1 400 (8%) 29.455 936 525 512x384 5:4 480 10% 20.140 800 420 512x384 1:1 384 (11%) 24.671 784 525

640x480 5:4 600 14% 21.000 840 500 640x480 1:1 480 (8%) 26.250 840 625 640x480 5:6 400 (29%) 31.500 840 750 800x600 1:1 600 14% 29.500 944 625 800x600 5:6 500 (4%) 36.000 960 750 800x600 3:4 450 (15%) 39.000 936 836 640x400 5:4 500 (4%) 25.000 1000 500 640x400 1:1 400 (29%) 31.500 1008 625 720x400 5:4 500 (4%) 28.125 1125 500 720x400 1:1 400 (29%) 34.875 1116 625 512x384 5:4 480 (8%) 21.000 840 500 512x384 1:1 384 (35%) 26.250 840 625

Scale

Factor

7:10

Active

TV Lines

480 420 400 500 450

420 (3%) 47.832 1064 750

Percent (1)

Overscan

10% (3%) (8%)

16%

Pixel

Clock

24.671 784 525

28.196 784 600

30.210 800 630

39.273 1040 630

43.636 1040 700

Horizontal

Total

Vertical

Total

(1) Note:Percent underscan is a calculated value based on average viewable lines on each TV format, assuming an average TV ovescan

of 10%. (Negative values) indicate modes which are operating in underscan. For NTSC: 480 active lines - 10% (overscan) = 432 viewable lines (average) For PAL: 576 active lines - 10% (overscan) = 518 viewable lines (average)

The inclusion of multiple levels of scaling for each resolution have been created to enable optimal use of the CH7013A for different application needs. In general, underscan (modes where percent overscan is negative) provides an image that is viewable in its entirety on screen; it should be used as the default for most applications (e.g., viewing text screens, operating games, running productivity applications and working within Windows). Overscanning provides an image that extends past the edges of the TV screen, exactly like normal television programs and movies appear on TV, and is only recommended for viewing movies or video clips coming from the computer. In addition to the above mode table, the CH7013A also support interlaced input modes, both in CCIR 656 and proprietary formats (see Display Mode Register section.)

Flicker Filter and Text Enhancement

The CH7013A integrates an advanced 2-line, 3-line, 4-line and 5-line (depending on mode) vertical deflickering filter circuit to help eliminate the flicker associated with interlaced displays. This flicker circuit provides an adaptive filter algorithm for implementing flicker reduction with selections of high, medium or low flicker content for both luma and chroma channels (see register descriptions). In addition, a special text enhancement circuit incorporates

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Display Modes (continued)

proprietory Algorithms for enhancing the readability of text. These modes are fully programmable via the serial port under the flicker filter register.

Internal Voltage Reference

An on-chip bandgap circuit is used in the DAC to generate a reference voltage which, in conjunction with a reference resistor at pin RSET, and register controlled divider, sets the output ranges of the DACs. The CH7013A bandgap reference voltage is 1.235 volts nominal for NTSC or PAL-M, or 1.317 volts nominal (for PAL or NTSCJ), which is determined by IDF register bit 6 (DACG bit). The recommended value for the reference resistor RSET is 360 ohms (though this may be adjusted in order to achieve a different output level). The gain setting for DAC

output is 1/48th. Therefore, for each DAC, the current output per LSB step is determined by the following equation: I

= V(RSET)/RSET reference resistor * 1/GAIN

LSB

For DACG=0, this is: I For DACG=1, this is: I

Power Management

The CH7013A supports five operating states including Normal [On], Power Down, Full Power Down, S-Video Off, and Composite Off to provide optimal power consumption for the application involved. Using the programmable power down modes accessed over the serial port, the CH7013A may be placed in either Normal state, or any of the four power managed states, as listed below (see “Power Management Register” under the Register Descriptions section for programming information). To support power management, a TV sensing function (see “Connection Detect Register” under the Register Descriptions section) is provided, which identifies whether a TV is connected to either S-Video or composite. This sensing function can then be used to enter into the appropriate operating state (e.g., if TV is sensed only on composite, the S-Video Off mode could be set by software).

= 1.235/360 * 1/48 = 71.4 µA (nominal)

LSB

= 1.317/360 * 1/48 = 76.2 µA (nominal)

LSB

Table 12.Power Management

Operating State Functional Description

Normal (On): In the normal operating state, all functions and pins are active Power Down: In the power-down state, most pins and circuitry are disabled.The

S-Video Off: Power is shut off to the unused DACs associated with S-Video

Composite Off: In Composite-off state, power is shut off to the unused DAC

Full Power Down: In this power-down state, all but the I2C circuits are disabled. This

BCO pin will continue to provide either the VCO divided by K3, or

14.318 MHz out, and the P-OUT pin will continue to output a clock reference.

outputs.

associated with CVBS output.

places the CH7013A in its lowest power consumption mode.

Luminance and Chrominance Filter Options

The CH7013A contains a set of luminance filters to provide a controllable bandwidth output on both CVBS and SVideo outputs. All values are completely programmable via the Video Bandwidth Register. For all graphs shown, the horizontal axis is frequency in MHz, and the vertical axis is attenuation in dBs. The composite luminance and chrominance video bandwidth output is shown in Table13.

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

VBI Pass-Through Support

The CH7013A provides the ability to pass-through data with minimal filtering, on vertical blanking lines 10-21 for Intercast or close captioned applications (see register descriptions).

Table 13. Video Bandwidth

Mode Chrominance Luminance Bandwidth with Sin(X) /X (MHz)

Bandwidth (MHz) CVBS S-Video S-Video

CBW[1:0] YCV YSV[1:0], YPEAK = 0 YSV[1:0], YPEAK = 1

00 01 10 11 0 1 00 01 1X 00 01 1X

0 0.62 0.68 0.80 0.95 2.26 3.37 2.26 3.37 5.23 2.57 4.44 5.23 1 0.78 0.85 1.00 1.18 2.82 4.21 2.82 4.21 6.53 3.21 5.56 6.53 2 0.53 0.58 0.68 0.81 1.93 2.87 1.93 2.87 4.46 2.19 3.79 4.46 3 0.65 0.71 0.83 0.99 2.36 3.52 2.36 3.52 5.46 2.68 4.64 5.46 4 0.83 0.91 1.07 1.27 3.03 4.51 3.03 4.51 7.00 3.44 5.95 7.00 5 1.03 1.13 1.32 1.57 3.75 5.59 3.75 5.59 8.68 4.27 7.38 8.68 6 0.70 0.77 0.90 1.07 2.56 3.81 2.56 3.81 5.92 2.91 5.04 5.92 7 0.87 0.95 1.12 1.33 3.17 4.72 3.17 4.72 7.33 3.60 6.23 7.33 8 0.74 0.81 0.95 1.13 2.69 4.01 2.69 4.01 6.22 3.06 5.29 6.22 9 0.93 1.02 1.20 1.42 3.39 5.05 3.39 5.05 7.84 3.85 6.67 7.84 10 0.63 0.68 0.80 0.95 2.28 3.39 2.28 3.39 5.26 2.59 4.48 5.26 11 0.78 0.86 1.00 1.19 2.84 4.24 2.84 4.24 6.58 3.23 5.59 6.58 12 0.89 0.98 1.15 1.36 3.25 4.84 3.25 4.84 7.52 3.70 6.39 7.52 13 0.62 0.68 0.80 0.95 2.26 3.37 2.26 3.37 5.23 2.57 4.44 5.23 14 0.78 0.85 1.00 1.18 2.82 4.21 2.82 4.21 6.53 3.21 5.56 6.53 15 0.93 1.02 1.20 1.42 3.39 5.05 3.39 5.05 7.84 3.85 6.67 7.84 16 0.64 0.71 0.83 0.98 2.35 3.50 2.35 3.50 5.43 2.67 4.62 5.43 17 0.74 0.81 0.95 1.13 2.70 4.02 2.70 4.02 6.24 3.07 5.30 6.24 18 0.79 0.87 1.02 1.21 2.89 4.31 2.89 4.31 6.68 3.29 5.68 6.68 19 0.77 0.85 1.00 1.18 2.82 4.20 2.82 4.20 6.53 3.21 5.55 6.53 20 0.95 1.03 1.22 1.44 3.44 5.13 3.44 5.13 7.97 3.92 6.77 7.97

21 22

23 0.86 0.94 1.11 1.31 3.13 4.66 3.13 4.66 7.24 3.56 6.16 7.24 24 0.94 1.03 1.21 1.44 3.43 5.11 3.43 5.11 7.94 3.90 6.75 7.94 25 0.71 0.78 0.91 1.08 2.58 3.85 2.58 3.85 5.97 2.94 5.08 5.97 26 0.71 0.78 0.91 1.08 2.58 3.85 2.58 3.85 5.97 2.94 5.08 5.97 27 0.47 0.51 0.60 0.71 1.70 2.53 1.70 2.53 3.92 1.93 3.34 3.92 28 0.38 0.41 0.48 0.57 1.37 2.04 1.37 2.04 3.17 1.56 2.69 3.17

1.02 1.12 1.32 1.56 3.73 5.56 3.73 5.56 8.63 4.24 7.34 8.63

0.77 0.85 0.99 1.18 2.82 4.20 2.82 4.20 6.52 3.20 5.54 6.52

The composite luminance and chrominance frequency response is depicted in Figure7 through 9.

16 201-0000-041 Rev. 1.0, 6/14/2000

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Luminance and Chrominance Filter Options (continued)

-6

-12

-18

<i>

< >

YCVdB

)

-24

-36

-42

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 3

n,i

7 8

,n i

(YCVdB

10 11 12

YSVdB

(YSVdB

Figure 7: Composite Luminance Frequency Response (YCV = 0)

-6

-12

-18

< >

<i>

)

-24

-30

-36

-42 0

3 4

7 8

,n i

9 10

Figure 8: S-Video Luminance Frequency Response (YSV = 1X, YPEAK = 0)

201-0000-041 Rev. 1.0, 6/14/2000 17

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Luminance and Chrominance Filter Options (continued)

-6

-12

-18

< >

UVfirdB

(UVfirdB

<i>

)

-24

-30

-36

-42

0 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2 3

4 5 6

n,i

,n i

7 8 9

10 11

Figure 9: Chrominance Frequency Response

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

NTSC and PAL Operation

Composite and S-Video outputs are supported in either NTSC or PAL format. The general parameters used to characterize these outputs are listed in Table14 and shown in Figure10. (See Figure13 through 18 for illustrations of composite and S-Video output waveforms.)

CCIR624-3 Compliance

The CH7013A is predominantly compliant with the recommendations called out in CCIR624-3. The following are the only exceptions to this compliance:

• The frequencies of Fsc, Fh, and Fv can only be guaranteed in master or pseudo-master modes, not in slave mode when the graphics device generates these frequencies.

• It is assumed that gamma correction, if required, is performed in the graphics device which establishes the color reference signals.

• All modes provide the exact number of lines called out for NTSC and PAL modes respectively, except mode 21, which outputs 800x600 resolution, scaled by 3:4, to PAL format with a total of 627 lines (vs. 625).

• Chroma signal frequency response will fall within 10% of the exact recommended value.

• Pulse widths and rise/fall times for sync pulses, front/back porches, and equalizing pulses are designed to approximate CCIR624-3 requirements, but will fall into a range of values due to the variety of clock frequencies used to support multiple operating modes

Table 14. NTSC/PAL Composite Output Timing Parameters (in µS)

Symbol Description Level (mV) Duration (uS)

NTSC PAL NTSC PAL

A B C D E F G H

Front Porch Horizontal Sync Breezeway Color Burst Back Porch Black Active Video Black

287 300

0 0 287 300 287 300 287 300 340 300 340 300 340 300

1.49 - 1.51 1.48 - 1.51

4.69 - 4.72 4.69 - 4.71

0.59 - 0.61 0.88 - 0.92

2.50 - 2.53 2.24 - 2.26

1.55 - 1.61 2.62 - 2.71

0.00 - 7.50 0.00 - 8.67

37.66 - 52.67 34.68 - 52.01

0.00 - 7.50 0.00 - 8.67

For this table and all subsequent figures, key values are:

Note: 1. RSET = 360 ohms; V(RSET) = 1.235V; 75 ohms doubly terminated load.

2. Durations vary slightly in different modes due to the different clock frequencies used.

3. Active video and black (F, G, H) times vary greatly due to different scaling ratios used in different modes.

4. Black times (F and H) vary with position controls.

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

A B C D E F G H

Figure 10: NTSC / PAL Composite Output

START

VSYNC

ANALOG

Start of

field 1

FIELD 1

VSYNC

523 524 525

520 521 522 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

262

261

258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 272

523

524

520 521 522 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

261 262

258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 272

263

525

263 264

1 2

Pre-equalizing pulse interval

Reference

ANALOG

sub-carrier phase

FIELD 2

color field 1

264

Start of field 2

Reference

ANALOG

sub-carrier phase

FIELD 1

color field 2

Start of

field 3

Reference

ANALOG

sub-carrier phase

FIELD 2

color field 3

Start of

field 4

Vertical sync

pulse interva l

Line

vertical

interval

t1+V

265

267 268 269

266

START

VSYNC

t2+V

265 266 267 268

t3+V

4 5

6 7 8

Post-equalizing

pulse interval

270

7 8 9

269 270

9 10

271 272 273 274 275

272

271

270 271

273

270 271

8 9

274

275

Reference sub-carrier phase

color field 4

Figure 11: Interlaced NTSC Video Timing

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

START

VSYNC

ANALOG

ANALOG FIELD 1

FIELD 1

BURST

BLANKING

INTERVALS

621 622 623 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7620

ANALOG

ANALOG FIELD 2

FIELD 2

309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 323308 322

ANALOG

ANALOG FIELD 3

FIELD 3

621 622 623 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7620

ANALOG

ANALOG FIELD 4

FIELD 4

309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320308

BURST PHASE = REFERENCE PHASE = 135 RELATIVE TO U

PAL SWITCH = 0, +V COMPONENT

3 2

8 9 10

321

8 9 10

323322321

BURST PHASE = REFERENCE PHASE + 90 = 225 RELATIVE TO U

PAL SWITCH = 1, - V COMPONENT

°°

Figure 12: Interlaced PAL Video Timing

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Color/Level mA V

White 26.66 1.000 Yellow 24.66 0.925

Cyan 21.37 0.801 Green 19.37 0.726

Magenta 16.22 0.608 Red 14.22 0.533

Blue 11.08 0.415 Black 9.08 0.340

Blank 7.65 0.287

Sync 0.00 0.000

Figure 13: NTSC Y (Luminance) Output Waveform (DACG = 0)

Color/Level mA V

Color bars:

Yellow

White

Yellow

White

Magenta

G reen

Cyan

Magenta

Green

Cyan

Black

Blue

Red

Black

Blue

Red

White 26.75 1.003 Yellow 24.62 0.923

Cyan 21.11 0.792 Green 18.98 0.712

Magenta 15.62 0.586 Red 13.49 0.506

Blue 10.14 0.380

Blank/ Black 8.00 0.300

Sync 0.00 0.000

Figure 14: PAL Y (Luminance) Video Output Waveform (DACG = 1)

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

Color/Level mA V

Cyan/Red 25.80 0.968 Green/Magenta 25.01 0.938

Yellow/Blue 22.44 0.842

Peak Burst 18.08 0.678

Blank 14.29 0.536

Peak Burst 10.51 0.394

Yellow/Blue 6.15 0.230

Green/Magenta 3.57 0.134 Cyan/Red 2.79 0.105

Figure 15: NTSC C (Chrominance) Video Output Waveform (DACG = 0)

Color bars:

3.579545 MHz Color Burst (9 cycles)

Yellow

W hite

Cyan

Magenta

G reen

Blue

Red

Black

Color/Level mA V

Cyan/Red 27.51 1.032 Green/Magenta 26.68 1.000

Yellow/Blue 23.93 0.897

Peak Burst 19.21 0.720 Blank 15.24 0.572

Peak Burst 11.28 0.423

Yellow/Blue 6.56 0.246

Green/Magenta 3.81 0.143 Cyan/Red 2.97 0.111

Figure 16: PAL C (Chrominance) Video Output Waveform (DACG = 1)

Color bars:

4.433619 MHz Color Burst (10 cycles)

Yellow

White

Cyan

Magenta

Green

Blue

Red

Black

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Color/Level mA V

Peak Chrome 32.88 1.233

White 26.66 1.000

Peak Burst 11.44 0.429

Black 9.08 0.340

Blank 7.65 0.281

Peak Burst 4.45 0.145

Sync 0.00 0.000

Figure 17: Composite NTSC Video Output Waveform (DACG = 0)

Color bars:

Yellow

White

3.579545 MHz Color Burst (9 cycles)

Magenta

Green

Cyan

Red

Black

Blue

Color/Level

Peak Chrome 33.31 1.249

White 26.75 1.003

Peak Burst 11.97 0.449

Blank/Black 8.00 0.300

Peak Burst 4.04 0.151

Sync 0.00 0.000

Figure 18: Composite PAL Video Output Waveform (DACG = 1)

Color bars:

Yellow

White

4.433619 MHz Color Burst (10 cycles)

Magenta

G reen

Cyan

Red

Black

Blue

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Registers and Programming

The CH7013A is a fully programmable device, providing for full functional control through a set of registers accessed from the serial port. The CH7013A contains a total of 37 registers, which are listed in Table15 and described in detail under Register Descriptions. Detailed descriptions of operating modes and their effects are con- tained in the previous section, Functional Description. An addition (+) sign in the Bits column below signifies that

the parameter contains more than 8 bits, and the remaining bits are located in another register.

Table 15. Register Map

Display Mode DMR 00H 8 Display mode selection Flicker Filter FFR 01H 6 Flicker filter mode selection Video Bandwidth VBW 03H 7 Luma and chroma filter bandwidth selection Input Data Format IDF 04H 7 Data format and bit-width selections Clock Mode CM 06H 8 Start Active Video SAV 07H 8+ Position Overflow PO 08H 3 Black Level BLR 09H 8 Black level adjustment input latch clock edge select

Horizontal Position Vertical Position VPR 0BH 8+

Sync Polarity Power Management PMR 0EH 5 Enables power saving modes Connection Detect CDR 10H 4 Detection of TV presence Contrast Enhancement CE 11H 3 Contrast enhancement setting PLL M and N extra bits MNE 13H 5 Contains the MSB bits for the M and N PLL values PLL-M Value PLLM 14H 8+ Sets the PLL M value - bits (7:0) PLL-N Value PLLN 15H 8+ Sets the PLL N value - bits (7:0) Buffered Clock BCO 17H 6 Determines the clock output at pin 41 Subcarrier Frequency

Adjust PLL and Memory Control PLLC 20H 6 Controls for the PLL and memory sections CIV Control CIVC 21H 5 Control of CIV value Calculated Fsc Increment

Value Version ID VID 25H 8 Device version number Test TR 26H - 29H 30 Reserved for test (details not included herein) Address AR 3FH 6 Current register being addressed

HPR 0AH 8+ Enables horizontal movement of displayed image on

SPR 0DH 4 Determines the horizontal and vertical sync polarity

FSCI 18H -1FH 4 or 8

each

CIV 22H - 24H 8 each Readable register containing the calculated

Sets the clock mode to be used Active video delay setting MSB bits of position values

TV Enables vertical movement of displayed image on

Determines the subcarrier frequency

subcarrier increment value

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Table 16. Alternate Register Map (Note: Macrovision

controls available only by special arrangement)

00H IR2 IR1 IRO VOS1 VOS0 SR2 SR1 SR0 01H FC1 FC0 FY1 FY0 FT1 FT0 02H 03H FLFF CVBW CBW1 CBW0 YPEAK YSV1 YSV0 YCV 04H DACG RGBBP IDF3 IDF2 IDF1 IDF0 05H 06H CFRB M/S* Reserved MCP XCM1 XCM0 PCM1 PCM0 07H SAV7 SAV6 SAV5 SAV4 SAV3 SAV2 SAV1 SAV0 08H SAV8 HP8 VP8 09H BL7 BL6 BL5 BL4 BL3 BL2 BL1 BL0 0AH HP7 HP6 HP5 HP4 HP3 HP2 HP1 HP0 0BH VP7 VP6 VP5 VP4 VP3 VP2 VP1 VP0 0CH 0DH DES SYO VSP HSP 0EH SCART Reset* PD2 PD1 PD0 0FH 10H YT CT CVBST SENSE 11H CE2 CE1 CE0 12H 13H Reserved Reserved N9 N8 M8 14H M7 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 15H N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 16H 17H SHF2 SHF1 SHF0 SCO2 SCO1 SCO0 18H FSCI31 FSCI30 FSCI29 FSCI28 19H FSCI27 FSCI26 FSCI25 FSCI24 1AH FSCI23 FSCI22 FSCI21 FSCI20 1BH GPIOIN3 GPIOIN2 GPIOIN1 GPIOIN0 FSCI19 FSCl18 FSCl17 FSCl16 1CH GOENB3 GOENB2 GOENB1 GOENB0 FSCI15 FSCl14 FSCl13 FSCI12 1DH FSCI11 FSCl10 FSCl9 FSCI8 1EH FSCI7 FSCI6 FSCI5 FSCI4 1FH FSCI3 FSCI2 FSCI1 FSCI0 20H PLLCPl PLLCAP PLLS PLL5VD PLL5VA MEM5V 21H CIV25 CIV24 ClVH1 ClVH0 AClV 22H CIV23 CIV22 CIV21 CIV20 CIV19 CIV18 CIV17 CIV16 23H CIV15 CIV14 CIV13 CIV12 CIV11 CIV10 CIV9 CIV8 24H CIV7 CIV6 CIV5 CIV4 CIV3 CIV2 CIV1 CIVO 25H VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 26H TS3 TS2 TS1 TS0 RSA BST NST TE 27H MS2 MS1 MSO MTD YLM8 CLM8 28H YLM7 YLM6 YLM5 YLM4 YLM3 YLM2 YLM1 YLM0 29H CLM7 CLM6 CLM5 CLM4 CLM3 CLM2 CLM1 CLM0 3FH Reserved Reserved AR5 AR4 AR3 AR2 AR1 AR0

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Display Mode Register Symbol: DMR

Address: 00H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This register provides programmable control of the CH7013A display mode, including input resolution (IR[2:0]), output TV standard (VOS[1:0]), and scaling ratio (SR[2:0]). The mode of operation is determined according to the

table below (default is 640x480 input, NTSC output, 7/8’s scaling).

Table 17. Display Modes

IR2 IR1 IR0 VOS1 VOS0 SR2 SR1 SR0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

Input Data

VOS

Mode IR[20:]

0 000 00 000 512x384 840x500 PAL 5/4 21.000000 1 000 00 001 512x384 840x625 PAL 1/1 26.250000 2 000 01 000 512x384 800x420 NTSC 5/4 20.139860 3 000 01 001 512x384 784x525 NTSC 1/1 24.671329 4 001 00 000 720X400 1125X500 PAL 5/4 28.125000 5 001 00 001 720x400 1116x625 PAL 1/1 34.875000 6 001 01 000 720x400 945x420 NTSC 5/4 23.790210 7 001 01 001 720x400 936x525 NTSC 1/1 29.454545 8 010 00 010 640x400 1000x500 PAL 5/4 25.000000 9 010 00 001 640x400 1008x625 PAL 1/1 31.5000000 10 010 01 000 640x400 840x420 NTSC 5/4 21.146853 11 010 01 001 640x400 840x525 NTSC 1/1 26.433566 12 010 01 010 640x400 840x600 NTSC 7/8 30.209790 13 011 00 000 640x480 840x500 PAL 5/4 21.000000 14 011 00 001 640x480 840x625 PAL 1/1 26.250000 15 011 00 011 640x480 840x750 PAL 5/6 31.5000000 16 011 01 001 640x480 784x525 NTSC 1/1 24.671329 17 011 01 010 640x480 784x600 NTSC 7/8 28.195804 18 011 01 011 640x480 800x630 NTSC 5/6 30.209790 19 100 00 001 800x600 944x625 PAL 1/1 29.500000 20 100 00 011 800x600 960x750 PAL 5/6 36.0000000 21 100 00 100 800x600 936x836 PAL 3/4 39.000000 22 100 01 011 800x600 1040x630 NTSC 5/6 39.272727 23 100 01 100 800x600 1040x700 NTSC 3/4 43.636364 24 100 01 101 800x600 1064x750 NTSC 7/10 47.832168 25* 101 00 001 720x576 864x625 PAL 1/1 13.500000 26* 101 01 001 720x480 858x525 NTSC 1/1 13.500000 27* 110 00 001 800x500 1135x625 PAL 1/1 17.734375 28* 110 01 001 640X400 910X525 NTSC 1/1 14.318182 * Interlaced modes of operation. (For those modes, some functions will be bypassed. For details, please contact the

application department.)

[1:0]

SR [2:0]

Format (Active Video)

Total Pixels/Line x Total Lines/Frame

Output Format Scaling

Pixel Clock (MHz)

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VOS[1:0] Output Format

00 01 10 11 PAL NTSC PAL-M NTSC-J

Flicker Filter Register Symbol: FFR

Address: 01H Bits: 6

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The flicker filter register provides for adjusting the operation of the various filters used in rendering the on-screen image. Adjusting settings between minimal and maximal values enables optimization between sharpness and flicker content. The FC[1:0] bits determine the settings for the chroma channel. The FT[1:0] bits determine the settings for the text enhancement circuit. The FY[1:0] bits determine the settings for the luma channel. In addition, the Chroma channel filtering includes a setting to enable the chroma dot crawl reduction circuit.

Note: When writing to register 01H, FY[1:0] is bits 3:2. FT[1:0] is bits 1:0. When reading from the register 01H, FY

[1:0] is bits 1:0 and FT[1:0] is bits 3:2.

Table 18.Flicker Filter Settings

FC1 FC0 FY1 FY0 FT1 FT0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 1 0 0 1 0

FY[1:0] Settings for Luma Channel

00 Minimal Flicker Filtering 01 Slight Flicker Filtering 10 Maximum Flicker Filtering 11 Invalid

FT[1:0] Settings for Text Enhancement Circuit

00 Maximum Text Enhancement 01 Slight Text Enhancement 10 Minimum Text Enhancement 11 Invalid

FC[1:0] Settings for Chroma Channel

00 Minimal Flicker Filtering 01 Slight Flicker Filtering 10 Maximum Flicker Filtering 11 Enable Chroma DotCrawl Reduction

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Symbol: VBW Address: 03H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This register enables the selection of alternative filters for use in the luma and chroma channels. There are currently four filter options defined for the chroma channel, 4 filter options in the S-Video luma channel and two filter options in the composite luma channel. The Table19 and Table20 below show the various settings.

Table 19. Luma Filter Bandwidth

YCV Luma Composite Video Filter Adjust

0 Low bandwidth 1 High bandwidth YSV[1:0] Luma S-Video Filter Adjust 00 Low bandwidth 01 Medium bandwidth 10 High bandwidth 11 Reserved (decode this and handle the same as 10)

YPEAK Disables the Y-peaking circuit

0 Disables the peaking filter in luma S-Video channel 1 Enables the peaking filter in luma S-Video channel

FLFF CVBW CBW1 CBW0 YPEAK YSV1 YSV0 YCV R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 20. Chroma Filter Bandwidth

CBW[1:0] Luma Composite Video Filter Adjust

0 0 Low bandwidth 0 1 Medium bandwidth 1 0 Med-high bandwidth 1 1 High bandwidth

Bit 6 (CVBW) outputs the S-Video luma signal on both the S-Video luma output and the CVBS output. A "1" in this location enables the output of a black and white image on composite, thereby eliminating the degrading effects of the color signal (such as dot crawl or false colors), which is useful for viewing text with high accuracy.

Bit 7 (FLFF) controls the flicker filter used in the 7/10’s scaling modes. In these scaling modes, setting FLFF to 1 causes a five line flicker filter to be used. The default setting of 0 uses a four line flicker filter.

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Input Data Format Register Symbol: IDF

Address: 04H Bits: 6

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This register sets the variables required to define the incoming pixel data stream.

Table 21. Input Data Format

IDF[3:0] Description

0000 16-bit non-multiplexed RGB (16-bit color, 565) input 0001 16-bit non-multiplexed YCrCb (24-bit color) input (Y non-multiplexed, CrCb multiplexed 0010 16-bit multiplexed RGB (24-bit color) input 0011 15-bit non-multiplexed RGB (15-bit color, 555) input 0100 12-bit multiplexed RGB (24-bit color) input (“C” multiplex scheme) 0101 12-bit multiplexed RGB2 (24-bit color) input (“I” multiplex scheme) 0110 8-bit multiplexed RGB (24-bit color, 888) input 0111 8-bit multiplexed RGB (16-bit color, 565) input 1000 8-bit multiplexed RGB (15-bit color, 555) input 1001-1111 8-bit multiplexed YCrCb (24-bit color) input (Y, Cr and Cb are multiplexed)

DACG RGBBP IDF3 IDF2 IDF1 IDF0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0

RGBBP (bit 5): Setting this bit enables the RGB pass-through mode. Setting this bit to a 1 causes the input RGB signal to be directly output at the DACs (subject to a pipeline delay). If RGBBP=0, the bypass mode is disabled.

DACG (bit 6): This bit controls the gain of the D/A converters. When DACG=0, the nominal DAC current is 71

µA, which provides the correct levels for NTSC and PAL-M. When DACG=1, the nominal DAC current is 76µA,

which provides the correct levels for PAL and NTSC-J.

Clock Mode Register Symbol: CM

Address: 06H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The setting of the clock mode bits determines the clocking mechanism used in the CH7013A. The clock modes are shown in the table below. PCM controls the frequency of the pixel clock, and XCM identifies the frequency of the XCLK input clock.

CFRB M/S* Reserved MCP XCM1 XCM0 PCM1 PCM0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

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Note: For what was formerly defined as the master mode, the user must now externally connect the P-OUT clock to the XCLK input pin. Although it is possible to set the XCM [1:0] and PCM[1:0] values independent of the input data format, there are only certain combinations of inpu data format, XCM and PCM, that will result in valid data being demultiplexed at the input of the device. Refer to the “Input Data Format Register” for these combinations.

Note: Display modes 25 and 26 must use a 2X multiplexed input data format and a 2X XCLK. Display modes 27 and 28 must use a 1X XCLK input data format.

Table 22. Input Data Format Register

XCM[1:0] PCM[1:0] XCLK P-OUT Input Data Modes Supported

00 00 1X 1X 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 00 01 1X 2X 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 00 1X 1X 3X 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 01 00 2X 1X 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 01 01 2X 2X 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 01 1X 2X 3X 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 1X 00 3X 1X 1X 01 3X 2X 6 1X

1X 3X 3X 6

The Clock Mode Register also contains the following bits:

• MCP (bit 4) determines which edge of the pixel clock output will be used to latch input data. Zero selects the negative edge, one selects the positive edge.

• M/S* (bit 6) determines whether the device operates in master or slave clock mode. In master mode (1), the

14.31818MHz clock is used as a frequency reference to the PLL . In slave mode (0) the XCLK input is used as a reference to the PLL, and is divided by the value specified by XCM[1:0]. The divide by N and M are forced to one.

• CFRB (bit 7) sets whether the chroma subcarrier free-runs, or is locked to the video signal. One causes the subcarrier to lock to the TV vertical rate, and should be used when the ACIV bit is set to zero. Zero causes the subcarrier to free-run, and should be used when the ACIV bit is set to one.

Start Active Video Register Symbol: SAV

Address: 07H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This register sets the delay, in pixel increments, from leading edge of horizontal sync to start of active video. The entire bit field SAV[8:0] is comprised of this register SAV[7:0], plus the MSB value contained in the position overflow register, bit SAV8. This is decoded as a whole number of pixels, which can be set anywhere between 0 and 511 pixels. Therefore, in any 2X clock mode, the number of 2X clocks from the leading edge of sync to the first active data must be a multiple of two clocks. In any 3X clock mode, the number of 3X clocks from the leading edge of sync to the first active data must be a multiple of three clocks.

SAV7 SAV6 SAV5 SAV4 SAV3 SAV2 SAV1 SAV0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Position Overflow Register Symbol: PO

Address: 08H Bits: 3

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This position overflow register contains the MSB values for the SAV, HP, and VP values, as follows:

• VP8 (bit 0) is the MSB of the vertical position value (see explanation under “Vertical Position Register”).

• HP8 (bit 1) is the MSB of the horizontal position value (see explanation under “Horizontal Position Register”).

• SAV8 (bit 2) is the MSB of the start of active video value (see explanation under “Start Active Video Register”).

Black Level Register Symbol: BLR

SAV8 HP8 VP8 R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0

Address: 09H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

BL7 BL6 BL5 BL4 BL3 BL2 BL1 BL0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

This register sets the black level. The luminance data is added to this black level, which must be set between 90 and 208, with the default value being 127. Recommended values for NTSC and PAL-M are 127, 105 for PAL and 100 for NTSC-J. This value must be set to zero when in SCART mode.

Horizontal Position Register Symbol: HPR

Address: 0AH Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The horizontal position register is used to shift the displayed TV image in a horizontal direction (left or right) to achieve a horizontally centered image on screen. The entire bit field, HP[8:0] is comprised of this register HP[7:0] plus the MSB value contained in the position overflow register, bit HP8. Increasing this value moves the displayed image position RIGHT; decreasing this value moves the displayed image position LEFT. Each increment moves the image position by 4 input pixels.

HP7 HP6 HP5 HP4 HP3 HP2 HP1 HP0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Vertical Position Register Symbol: VPR

Address: 0BH Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

This register is used to shift the displayed TV image in a vertical direction (up or down) to achieve a vertically centered image on screen. This bit field, VP[8:0] represents the TV line number (relative to the VGA vertical sync) used to initiate the generation and insertion of the TV vertical interval (i.e., the first sequence of equalizing pulses). Increasing values delay the output of the TV vertical sync, causing the image position to move UP on the TV screen. Decreasing values, therefore, move the image position DOWN. Each increment moves the image position by one TV lines (approximately 4 input lines). The maximum value that should be programmed into the VP[8:0] value is the number of TV lines minus one, divided by two (262, 312 or 313). When panning the image up, the number should be increased until (TVLPF-1) /2 is reached; the next step should be to reset the register to zero. When panning the image down the screen, the VP[8:0] value should be decremented until the value zero is reached. The next step should set the register to (TVLPF-1) /2, and then decrementing can continue. If this value is programmed to a number greater than (TV lines per frame-1) /2, a TV vertical SYNC will not be generated.

VP7 VP6 VP5 VP4 VP3 VP2 VP1 VP0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sync Polarity Register Symbol: SPR

Address: 0DH Bits: 4

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

0 0 0 0

This register provides selection of the synchronization signal input to, or output from, the CH7013A.

• HSP (bit 0) is Horizontal Sync Polarity - an HSP value of zero means the horizontal sync is active low, and a value of one means the horizontal sync is active high.

• VSP (bit 1) is Vertical Sync Polarity - a VSP value of zero means the vertical sync is active low, and a value of one means the vertical sync is active high.

• SYO (bit 2) is Sync Direction - a SYO value of zero means that H and V sync are input to the CH7013A. A value of one means that H and V sync are output from the CH7013A.

• DES (bit 3) is Detect Embedded Sync - a DES value of zero means that H and V sync will be obtained from the direct pin inputs. A DES value of one means that H and V sync will be detected from the embedded codes on the pixel input stream. Note that this will only be valid for the YCrCb input modes.

Note: When sync direction is set to be an output, horizontal sync will use a fixed pulse width of 64 pixels and vertical sync will use a fixed pulse width of 2 lines.

DES SYO VSP HSP R/W R/W R/W R/W

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Power Management Register Symbol: PMR

Address: 0EH Bits: 5

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

0 1 0 1 1

This register provides control of the power management functions, a software reset (Reset*) and the SCART output enable. The CH7013A provides programmable control of its operating states, as described in the table below.

Table 23. Power Management

PD[2:0] Operating State Functional Description

000 Composite Off CVBS DAC is powered down 001 Power Down Most pins and circuitry are disabled (except for the buffered clock outputs

010 S-Video Off S-Video DACs are powered down 011 Normal (On) All circuits and pins are active. 1XX Full Power Down All circuitry is powered down, except serial port

which are limited to the 14MHz output and VCO divided outputs).

SCART Reset* PD2 PD1 PD0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

Reset* (bit 3) is soft reset. Setting this bit will reset all circuitry requiring a power on reset, except for this bit itself and the serial port.

SCART (bit 4) is the SCART enable. Setting SCART = 0 means the CH7013A will operate normally, outputting Y/C and CVBS from the three DACs. SCART=1 enables SCART output, which will cause R, G and B to be output from the DACs and composite sync from the CSYNC pin.

Note: For complete details regarding the operation of these modes, see the Power Management in Functional Description sections.

Connection Detect Register Symbol: CDR

Address: 10H Bits: 4

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

0 0 0 0

R R R W

The Connection Detect Register provides a means to sense the connection of a TV to either S-Video or Composite video outputs. The status bits, YT, CT, and CVBST correspond to the DAC outputs for S-Video (Y and C outputs) and Composite video (CVBS), respectively. However, the values contained in these status bits are NOT VALID until a sensing procedure is performed. Use of this register requires a sequence of events to enable the sensing of outputs, then reading out the applicable status bits. The detection sequence works as follows:

YT CT CVBST SENSE

1. Ensure the power management register Bits 2-0 are set to 011 (normal mode).

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2. Set the SENSE bit to a 1. This forces a constant current output onto the Y, C, and CVBS outputs. Note that during SENSE = 1, these 3 analog outputs are at steady state and no TV synchronization pulses are asserted.

3. Reset the SENSE bit to 0. This triggers a comparison between the voltage sensed on these analog outputs and the reference value expected (V

threshold

value, it is considered connected, if it is above this voltage it is considered unconnected. During this step, each of the three status bits corresponding to individual analog outputs will be set if they are NOT connected.

4. Read the status bits. The status bits, Y, C, and CVBST (corresponding to S-Video Y and C outputs and composite video) now contain valid information which can be read to determine which outputs are connected to a TV. Again, a “0” indicates a valid connection, a “1” indicates an unconnected output.

Contrast Enhancement Register Symbol: CE

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

0 1 1

= 1.235V). If the measured voltage is below this threshold

Address: 11H Bits: 3

CE2 CE1 CE0

R/W R/W R/W

This register provides control of the contrast enhancement feature of the CH7013A, according to the table below. At a setting of 000, the video signal will be pulled towards the maximum black level. As the value of CE[2:0] is increased, the amount that the signal is pulled towards black is decreased until unity gain is reached at a setting of

011. From this point on, the video signal is pulled towards the white direction, with the effect increasing with

increasing settings of CE[2:0].

Table 24. Contrast Enhancement Function

CE[2:0] Description (all gains limited to 0-255)

000 Contrast enhancement gain 3 Y 001 Contrast enhancement gain 2 Y 010 Contrast enhancement gain 1 Y 011 Normal mode Y 100 Contrast enhancement gain 1 Y 101 Contrast enhancement gain 2 Y 110 Contrast enhancement gain 3 Y 111 Contrast enhancement gain 4 Y

= (1/1)*(Yin-0) = Normal Contrast

out

= (5/4)*(Yin-102) = Enhances Black

out

= (9/8)*(Yin-57)

out

= (17/16)*(Yin-30)

out

= (17/16)*(Yin-0)

out

= (9/8)*(Yin-0)

out

= (5/4)*(Yin-0)

out

= (3/2)*(Yin-0) = Enhances White

out

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256

224

192

160

128

0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Figure 19: Luma Transfer Function at different contrast enhancement settings

PLL Overflow Register Symbol: MNE

Address: 13H Bits: 5

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

0 0 0 0 0

The PLL Overflow Register contains the MSB bits for the ‘M’ and ‘N’ vlaues, which will be described in the PLLM and PLL-N registers, respectively. The reserved bits should not be written to.

Reserved Reserved N9 N8 M8 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W

PLL M Value Register Symbol: PLLM

Address: 14H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The PLL M value register determines the division factor applied to the frequency reference clock before it is input to the PLL phase detector when the CH7013A is operating in master or pseudo-master clock mode. In slave mode, an external pixel clock is used instead of the frequency reference, and the division factor is determined by the XCM[3:0] value. This register contains the lower 8 bits of the complete 9-bit M value.

M7 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

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PLL N Value Register Symbol: PLLN

Address: 15H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The PLL N value register determines the division factor applied to the VCO output before being applied to the PLL phase detector, when the CH7013A is operating in master or pseudo-master mode. In slave mode, the value of ‘N’ is always 1. This register contains the lower 8 bits of the complete 10-bit N value. The pixel clock generated in a master and pseudomaster modes is calculated according to the equation below:

When using a 14.318 MHz frequency reference, the required M and N values for each mode are shown in the table below.

Table 25. M and N Values for Each Mode

N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 N0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fpixel = Fref* [(N+2) / (M+2)]

Mode VGA Resolution, TV

Standard, Scaling Ratio

0 512x384, PAL, 5:4 20 13 1 512x384, PAL, 1:1 9 2 512X384, NTSC, 5:4 126 3 512X384, NTSC, 1:1 110 4 720X400, PAL, 5:4 53 5 720X400, PAL, 1:1 339 6 720X400, NTSC, 5:4 106 7 720X400, NTSC, 1:1 70 8 640X400, PAL, 5:4 108

9 640X400, PAL, 1:1 9 10 640X400, NTSC, 5:4 94 11 640x400, NTSC, 1:1 22 12 640X400, NTSC, 7:8 190 13 640X480, PAL, 5:4 20 14 640X480, PAL, 1:1 9

N 10-

bits

M 9-

bits

Mode VGA Resolution, TV

Standard, Scaling Ratio

15 640X480, PAL, 5:6 9 3

4 16 640X480, NTSC, 1:1 110 63 89 17 640X480, NTSC, 7:8 126 63 63 18 640X480, NTSC, 5:6 190 89 26 19 800X600, PAL, 1:1 647 313

138 20 800X600, PAL, 5:6 86 33

63 21 800X600, PAL, 3:4 284 103 33 22 800X600, NTSC, 5:6 94 33 61 23 800X600, NTSC, 3:4 62 19

3 24 800X600, NTSC, 7:10 302 89 63 25 720X576, PAL, 1:1 31 33 11 26 720X480, NTSC, 1:1 31 33 89 27 800X500, PAL, 1:1 242 197 13 28 640X400, NTSC, 1:1 2 2

N 10-

bits

Buffered Clock Output Register Symbol: BCO

Address: 17H Bits: 6

M 9-

bits

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

SHF2 SHF1 SHF0 SCO2 SCO1 SCO0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0

The buffered clock output register determines which clock is selected to be output at the buffered clcok output pin, and what frequency value should be output if a VCO derived signal is output. The tables below show the possible outputs signals.

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Table 26.Clock Output Selection

SCO[2:0] Buffered Clock Output

000 14MHz crystal 001 (for test use only) 010 VCO divided by K3 (see Table27 ) 011 Field ID signal 100 (for test use only) 101 (for test use only) 110 TV horizontal sync (for test use only) 111 TV vertical sync (for test use only)

Table 27. K3 Selection

SHF[2:0] K3

000 2.5 001 3 010 3.5 011 4 100 4.5 101 5 110 6 111 7

Sub-carrier Value Registers Symbol: FSCI

Address: 18H - 1FH Bits: 4 or 8 each

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The lower four bits of registers 18H through 1FH contain a 32-bit value which is used as an increment value for the ROM address generation circuitry. The bit locations are specified as the following:

18H FSCI[31:28] 19H FSCI[27:24] 1AH FSCI[23:20] 1BH FSCI[19:16] 1CH FSCI[15:12] 1DH FSCI[11:8] 1EH FSCI[7:4] 1FH FSCI[3:0]

FSCI# FSCI# FSCI# FSCI# R/W R/W R/W R/W

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When the CH7013A is operating in the master clock mode, the tables below should be used to set the FSCI registers. When using these values, the ACIV bit in register 21H should be set to “0”, and the CFRB bit in register 06H should be set to “1”.

Table 28. FSCI Values (525-Line Modes)

Mode

2 763,363,328 763,366,524 762,524,467 3 623,153,737 623,156,346 622,468,953 6 574,429,782 574,432,187 573,798,541

7 463,962,517 463,964,459 463,452,668 10 646,233,505 646,236,211 645,523,358 11 516,986,804 5165,988,968 516,418,687 12 452,363,454 452,365,347 451,866,351 16 623,153,737 623,156,346 622,468,953 17 545,259,520 545,261,803 544,660,334 18 508,908,885 508,911,016 508,349,645 22 521,957,831 521,960,016 521,384,251 23 469,762,048 469,764,015 469,245,826 24 428,554,851 428,556,645 428,083,911 26 569,408,543 569,410,927 568,782,819 28 1,073,741,824 1,073,746,319 1,072,561,888

NTSC

“Normal Dot Crawl”

NTSC

“No Dot Crawl”

“Normal Dot Crawl

Table 29. FSCI Values (625-Line Modes)

Mode

0 806,021,060 651,209,077

1 644,816,848 520,967,262

4 601,829,058 486,236,111

5 485,346,014 392,125,896

8 677,057,690 547,015,625

9 537,347,373 434,139,385 13 806,021,060 651,209,077 14 644,816,848 520,967,262 15 537,347,373 434,139,385 19 645,499,916 521,519,134 20 528,951,320 427,355,957 21 488,262,757* 394,482,422 25 705,268,427 569,807,942 27 1,073,747,879 867,513,766

PAL

“Normal Dot Crawl”

PAL-N

“Normal Dot Crawl”

PAL-M

When the CH7007 is operating in the slave clock mode, the ACIV bit in register 21H should be set to “1” and the CFRB bit in register 06H should be set to “0”.

*Note: For reduced cross-color and cross-luminance artifacts, a value of 488,265,597 can be used with CFRB = "0" & ACIV = "0".

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

PLL Control Register Symbol: PLLC

Address: 20H Bits: 6

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The following PLL and memory controls are available through the PLL control register: MEM5V MEM5V is set to 1 when the memory supply is 5 volts. The default value of 0 is used when the

PLL5VA PLL5VA is set to 1 when the phase-locked loop analog supply is 5 volts (default). A value of 0 is

PLL5VD PLL5VD is set to 1 when the phase-locked loop digital supply is 5 volts. A value of 0 is used when

PLLCPI PLLCAP PLLS PLL5VD PLL5VA MEM5V R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 1 0 1 0

memory supply is 3.3 volts.

used when the phase-locked loop analog supply is 3.3 volts.

the phase-locked loop digital supply is 3.3 volts (default).

PLLS PLLS controls the number of stages used in the PLL. When the PLL5VA is 1 (5V analog PLL

supply) PLLS should be 1, and seven stages are used. When PLL5VA is 0 (3.3V analog PLL supply) PLLS should be 0, and five stages are used.

PLLCAP PLLCAP controls the loop filter capacitor of the PLL. A recommended listing of PLLCAP vs.

Mode is shown below

PLLCPI PLLCHI controls the charge pump current of the PLL. The default value should be used.

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Table 30. PLL Capacitor Setting

Mode

0 1 1 1 2 1 3 0 4 1 5 0 6 1 7 1 8 0

9 1 10 1 11 1 12 0 13 1 14 1 15 1

PLLCAP

Value

16 0 17 0 18 0 19 0 20 1 21 0 22 1 23 1 24 0 25 1 26 1 27 0 28 1

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

CIV Control Register Symbol: CIVC

Address: 21H Bits: 5

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The following controls are available through the CIV control register: ACIV When the automatic calculated increment value is 1, the number calculated and present at the CIV

CIVH[1:0] These bits control the hysteresis circuit which is used to calculate the CIV value. CIV[25:24] See descriptions in the next section.

CIV25 CIV24 CIVH1 CIVH0 ACIV R R R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 1

registers will automatically be used as the increment value for subcarrier generation, removing the need for the user to read the CIV value and write in a new FSCI value. Whenever this bit is set to

1, the subcarrier generation must be forced to free-run mode.

Calculated Increment Value Register Symbol: CIV

Address: 22H - 24H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

CIV# CIV# CIV# CIV# CIV# CIV# CIV# CIV# R R R R R R R R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The CIV registers 22H through 24H contain a 26-bit value, which is the calculated increment value that should be used as the upper 26 bits of FSCI. This value is determined by a comparison of the pixel clock and the 14MHz clock. The bit locations and calculation of CIV are specified as the following:

Contents

21H CIV[25:24] 22H CIV[23:16] 23H CIV[15:8] 24H CIV[7:0]

Version ID Register Symbol: VID

Address: 25H Bits: 8

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 R R R R R R R R 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

This read-only register contains a 8-bit value indicating the identification number assigned to this version of the CH7013A. The default value shown is pre-programmed into this chip and is useful for checking for the correct version of this chip, before proceeding with its programming.

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Address Register Symbol: AR

Address: 3FH Bits: 6

Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Symbol: Type: Default:

The Address Register points to the register currently being accessed.

Electrical Specifications

Table 31.Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Description Min Typ Max Units

AMB

TSTOR

TJ Junction temperature 150 °C

TVPS Vapor phase soldering (one minute) 220 °C

MAX

AR5 AR4 AR3 AR2 AR1 AR0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W X X X X X X

VDD relative to GND - 0.5 7.0 V Input voltage of all digital pins Analog output short circuit duration Indefinite Sec Ambient operating temperature - 55 85 °C Storage temperature

Maximum power dissipation

GND - 0.5 VDD + 0.5 V

- 65 150 °C

1.9 W

Notes:

1 Stresses greater than those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device.

These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated under the normal operating condition of this specification is not recommended. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliability.

2 The device is fabricated using high-performance CMOS technology. It should be handled as an ESD-sensitive

device. Voltage on any signal pin that exceeds the power supply voltage by more than +0.5V can induce destructive latch.

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Electrical Specifications (Continued)

Table 32.Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol Description Min Typ Max Units

AVDD Analog supply voltage 4.75 5.00 5.25

DVDD

TA Ambient operating temperature 0 25 70 °C RL Output load to DAC outputs 37.5 Ω

Table 33. Electrical Characteristics (Operating Conditions: TA = 0oC - 70oC, VDD = 5V ± 5%)

Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit

DAC power supply voltage 4.75 5.00 5.25 V

Digital supply voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6

Video D/A resolution 9 9 9 Bits Full scale output current 33.89 mA Video level error 10 % VDD & AVDD current (5.V)(Simultaneous

S-Video & composite outputs) DVDD current (3.3V) 40 mA

105 mA

Note: As applied to Tables 32, 33 and 34, Recommended Operating Conditions are used as test conditions unless otherwise specified. External voltage reference used with RSET = 360 Ω , VREF = 1.235V, and NTSC CCIR601 operation.

Table 34. Timing - TV Encoder

Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit

PH1

tdc1 Pixel Clock Duty Cycle (t t

PH2

tdc2 Pixel Clock Duty Cycle (t t

PH3

tdc3 Pixel Clock Duty Cycle (t

Pixel Clock Period 20 50 nS Pixel Clock High Time 8 25 nS

) 40 50 60 %

PH1/tP1

Pixel Clock Period 10 25 nS Pixel Clock High Time nS

) 40 50 60 %

PH2/tP2

Pixel Clock Period 10 17 nS Pixel Clock High Time nS

) 40 50 60 %

PH3/tP3

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Table 35. Digital Inputs / Outputs

Symbol Description Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

SPOL

SPIH

SPIL

DATAIH

DATAIL

P-OUTOH

P-OUTOL

Note: 1. VSP - refers to serial port pins DATA and CLOCK.

DATA Output Low Voltage DATA Input High Voltage DATA Input Low Voltage

D[0-15] Input High Voltage D[0-15] Input Low Voltage P-OUT Output High Voltage

P-OUT Output Low Voltage

2. V

DATA

3. V

P-OUT

IOL = 3.2 mA 0.4 V

3.4 VDD + 0.5 V

GND-0.5 1.4 V

2.5 DVDD+0.5 V

GND-0.5 0.8 V

IOL = -400 µA 2.8 V

IOL = 3.2 mA 0.2 V

- refers to all digital pixel and clock inputs.

- refers to pixel data output.Time - Graphics

Table 36. Timing -Graphics

Symbol Description Min Typ Max Unit

HSW

SP1,tSP2,tSP3

PH1,tHP2,tPH3

Horizontal Sync Pulse Width 1 t Pixel Clock to Horizontal Leading Edge Delay 2 17 nS

Setup time from Pixel Data to Pixel Clock 2 nS Hold time from Pixel Clock to Pixel Data 2 nS

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CHRONTEL CH7013A

ORDERING INFORMATION

Part number Package type Number of pins Voltage supply CH7013A-V PLCC 44 3V/5V CH7013A-T TQFP 44 3V/5V

Chrontel

2210 O’Toole Avenue

San Jose, CA 95131-1326

Tel: (408) 383-9328 Fax: (408) 383-9338

www.chrontel.com

E-mail: sales@chrontel.com

SPECIFIC WRITTEN CONSENT OF Chrontel. Life support systems are those intended to support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when used as directed can reasonably expect to result in personal injury or death. Chrontel reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice to improve and supply the best possible product and is not responsible and does not assume any liability for misapplication or use outside the limits specified in this document. We provi de no warranty for the use of our products and assume no liability for errors contained in this document. Printed in the U.S.A.

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Datasheet CH7013A-T, CH7013A Datasheet (Chrontel Inc)

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual