Datasheet CCFL Transformer Turns Ratio Selection (AN3375) Datasheet

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Maxim/Dallas > App Notes > DIGITAL POTENTIOMETERS

Keywords: CCFL, cold cathode fluorescent lamp, transformer

APPLICATION NOTE 3375

Oct 15, 2004

DS3984 / DS3988 Transformer Turns Ratio Selection

The DS3984 and DS3988 are multi-channel Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) controllers. The key variable in designing an optimal system with the DS3984 and DS3988 is the selection of the transformer turns ratio. This application note describes how the transformer turns ratio varies with different CCFL lamps and DC supply voltages and it provides a quick look-up table to help the user quickly select a transformer turns ratio that will work well in their design.

The DS3984 and DS3988 are multi-channel Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) controllers. These controllers use a push-pull drive to convert a DC supply voltage to the high-voltage AC waveform that is required to power the CCFL lamps. Figure 1 details this arrangement.

Figure 1. DS3984 / DS3988 CCFL drive schematic.

Each channel of the controller drives two logic-level N-channel MOSFETs that are tied between the ends of a stepup transformer and ground. The transformer has a center tap on the primary that is connected to the DC supply. The controller alternately turns on the two MOSFETs to create the high voltage AC waveform on the secondary.

The key variable in designing a push-pull drive scheme is selecting the turns ratio for the transformer. At a given regulated lamp operating current, the transformer turns ratio is directly proportional to the CCFL lamp voltage and inversely proportional to the DC supply voltage as shown in the equation below.

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For a given DC supply voltage, higher operating voltage CCFL lamps require a higher transformer turns ratio. For a particular CCFL lamp, a higher DC supply voltage will require a lower transformer turns ratio. The operating voltage of CCFL lamps varies, based on a number of factors including lamp diameter and length. Lamps with smaller diameters and longer lengths operate at higher voltages.

There is not an exact formula for calculating the transformer turns ratio. Table 1 lists some empirically derived transformer turns ratio for a variety of CCFL lamps. As can be seen from the table, the transformer turns ratio decreases as the DC supply voltage increases, and the transformer turns ratio decreases as the operating voltage of the CCFL lamps decreases.

Table 1. Target Transformer Turns Ratios for Various CCFL Lamps

Nominal DC Supply Voltage

Lamp 1

2.4mm x 438mm

830 ~ 890 Vrms

Lamp 2

2.2mm x 258mm

540 ~ 600 Vrms

5V 80:1 70:1 65:1 6V 75:1 65:1 60:1 7V 70:1 60:1 55:1 8V 65:1 65:1 50:1 9V 60:1 50:1 45:1 10V 55:1 45:1 40:1 11V 50:1 40:1 36:1 12V 45:1 36:1 32:1 13V 40:1 32:1 30:1 14V 38:1 30:1 28:1 15V 36:1 28:1 26:1 16V 34:1 26:1 25:1 17V 32:1 25:1 24:1 18V 30:1 24:1 23:1 19V 29:1 23:1 22:1 20V 28:1 22:1 21:1 21V 27:1 21:1 20:1 22V 26:1 20:1 19:1 23V 25:1 19:1 18:1 24V 24:1 18:1 17:1

Lamp 3

2.0mm x 218mm 440 ~ 490 Vrms

Notes: 1. Lamp operating voltage at 5mArms operating current.

2. Assumes ±10% supply variation.

Users can select the proper turns ratio by using Table 1 as a guide. For example, to select the transformer turns ratio to drive a CCFL lamp with a nominal operating voltage of 800V with a 24V supply, first use Table 1 to locate the target transformer turns ratio for a comparable lamp. The 2.4mm x 438mm lamp listed in Table 1 most closely matches the target lamp so a target 24:1 turns ratio would be selected. The actual turns ratio can vary by ±15% since the controller will automatically adjust to match the lamp.

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Design Hint: When estimating the transformer turns ratio, it is always advisable to keep the turns ratio slightly high. The controller can make adjustments for a transformer turns ratio that is slightly too high by reducing the MOSFET duty cycle but a transformer turns ratio that is too low may not allow the lamp to strike.

Once a transformer turns ratio is selected, it should be tested with the target lamp over the operating DC supply voltage range and temperature range. The resulting nominal duty cycles at the MOSFET gate driver pins (GA and GB) should be measured. A well matched lamp to transformer design will result in duty cycles in the 25% to 35% range.

Definition: Transformer Turns Ratio

This application note defines the transformer turns ratio as the number of secondary turns divided by the sum of the two primary turns. For example, a 50:1 transformer may have 2100 secondary turns with two primary windings of 21 turns each [2100/(21+21) = 50].

In addition to the transformer turns ratio, there are a number of other important transformer specifications that are listed in Table 2. See the DS3984 and DS3988 data sheets for more details.

Table 2. Key Transformer Specifications

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

Frequency 40 80 Khz Output Power 6 W Output Current 5 8 mArms Primary DCR center tap to one end 200 mohms Secondary DCR 500 ohms Primary Leakage 12 µH Secondary Leakage 185 mH Primary Inductance 70 µH Secondary Inductance 500 mH Secondary Output Voltage 100ms minimum 2000 Vrms Secondary Output Voltage continuous 1000 Vrms

Application Note 3375: http://www.maxim-ic.com/an3375 More Information

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