Datasheet C983P, C983, C982P, C982, C973P Datasheet (PerkinElmer)

Lighting Imaging Telecom Sensors

Channel Photomultipliers

Channel Photomultipliers

Overview and Specifications

.

Description

PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, for-

merly EG&G Optoelectronics, is
pleased to introduce the Channel
Photomultiplier (CPM), a new ultra
high sensitivity optical detector
which replaces conventional photo­multipliers (PMTs) and avalanche
photo diodes (APDs). This device
uses a unique detector principle, re­sulting in a compact design with ul­tra high gain, high dynamic range,
extremely low dark current, and fast
response.

This high-performance detector offers
fundamental advantages for analytical
instrumentation applications such as
emission spectroscopy, flourescence,
atomic absorption spectroscopy, and
bio and chemo luminescence. The
CPM also delivers important advan­tages in life science products, indus­trial and medical equipment, and high­energy physics.

Principle of Operation

The CPM, like conventional photo-

multiplier tubes, converts a very low
light level into photoelectrons by a
semitransparent photocathode de­posited on the inner surface of the
entrance window. On their way from
the cathode to the anode the photo­electrons pass through a narrow, se­miconductive channel. Each time the
electrons hit the inner wall of the
curved channel, multiple secondary
electrons are emitted. This effect oc­curs multiple times along the path,
leading to an avalanche effect with a
gain exceeding 108. The curved sha­pe of the glass tube improves the
multiplication effect.

Features

• Ultra high anode sensitivity
up to 107A/W

• Extremely low dark current,
typically 3pA @ 106gain

• Very low equivalent

noise input (down to 10

-17

W)

• Very high stability in dark current
(no ”bursts”)

• High gain exceeding 10

8

• Very high dynamic range

• Compact dimensions

• Wide spectral response through
multiple window materials

• High resolution

• Fast response time

• High immunity to magnetic fields

• Rugged design

Cathode Channel-Entrance

Channel-End Anode

Coax

-20…-50 V
black

1 Mohm

Proposal for Power Supply

-HV

100 V

-HV
red

-HV +50…+300 V
blue

Physical Specification

CHANNEL PHOTOMULTIPLIER

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

CPM

When compared to conventional
PMTs, the CPM improves anode
sensitivity by one order of magni­tude, while lowering dark current by
one to two orders of magnitude. The
noise level shows extreme stability
over time, with no ”bursts.” The
extremely low dark current results in
a higher dynamic range than con­ventional PMTs and extends detec­table limits for many applications.

The CPM can be used in analog-DC
mode, single photon counting mode,
and in nuclear spectroscopy (when
coupled to scintillation materials like
BGO, LSO, Nal, etc.). PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics offers a choice of
window materials and photocatho­des to cover the spectrum from
115 nm (UV range) to 900 nm (NIR).

The new detector is a small, head-on
type with a total diameter of 10.5 mm
including encapsulation. PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics also offers custom
configurations for specific applica­tions.

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

1 E+09

1 E+08

1 E+07

1 E+06

1 E+05

1 E+04

1 E+03

1 E+02

Current Amplification

Bias Voltage (V)

Fig. 1: Typical current amplification

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

1 E-05

1 E-06

1 E-07

1 E-08

1 E-09

1 E-10

1 E-11

1 E-12

Dark Current (A)

Bias Voltage (V)

Fig. 2: Typical anode dark current

C 911

C 922

C 942

C 952

C 962

C 972

MAIN FEATURES

Compact Size

The CPM is one of the smallest head-

on type detectors, with a 10.5 mm
diameter including encapsulation. The
photocathode has a useful diameter
of more than 5 mm. The tube is smal­ler, easier to use, and more rugged
than discrete dynode types. Only a
single high voltage supply of up to
3000 volts is necessary; no external
voltage divider network is required.
A variety of different sizes will be avai­lable soon (1/2” and 3/4”).

Ultra high anode sensitivity

At the maximum bias voltage of 3000 V,

gains can exceed 108. At 2400 V, an­ode sensitivity is typically 3 x 106A/W
at a wavelength of 410 nm with a bi­alkali photocathode. This performan­ce surpasses conventional PMTs by
one to two orders of magnitude and
beats APDs by approximately five or­ders of magnitude (Fig. 1).

Extremely low dark current

The electron multiplication in the

channel is virtually silent, so dark cur­rent depends only on the photoca­thode material, leakage currents are
negligible. Bialkali photocathodes ex­hibit typical dark count rates of 10
cps at a gain of 3 x 108, while UV ca­thodes have dark count rates below 1
cps. In analog DC mode, the typical
dark noise for a bialkali photocathode
is 20 pA at a gain of 107. In general,
the noise level of the PerkinElmer
Optoelectronics CPM is one to two
orders of magnitude lower than dyn­ode PMTs, resulting in a significant­ly higher dynamic range (Fig.2).

9 mm

Unpotted 1/3inch Channel Photomultiplier

EU
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH
Heimann Opto

65020 Wiesbaden, Germany
PO-Box 3007
http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto

USA
PerkinElmer Optoelectronics

2175 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Tel. ++1 (408) 565 - 0830
Fax ++1 (408) 565 - 0703
http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto

Excellent photon counting resolution

At gains exceeding 107the single photo electron pulse is

perfectly separated from the electrical noise, due to a sa­turation effect of the channel. The CPM exhibits single
photon resolution with excellent peak to valley ratios.
Fig. 3 shows the single photo electron spectrum taken
from a multi-channel analyzer compared to a conventional
photomultiplier (Fig. 3).

Choice of entrance window

The CPM is available with different window materials,

which are:
MgF2, Quartz, UV-glass, and Borosilicate glass. The com­bination of different photocathodes and entrance windows
results in a spectral range from 115 nm to 900 nm. Other
window materials and photocathode combinations are
available on a custom basis (Fig. 4.1 and 4.2).

Available related products

• High Voltage supply

CHV 30N (supplies 1 CPM, negative output voltage),
CHV 30P (supplies 1 CPM, positive output voltage),
J4-3N (supplies 10 to 15 CPMs)

• CPM Modules

MP900-series: Photoncounting module with

TTL output, including CPM,
electronic and high voltage

MD900-series: DC module including high

voltage supply, amplifier,
I/U converter, output 0 to 10 V,
bandwidth 1kHz

MH900-series: High voltage module,

including CPM and
high voltage power supply

• CPM Formats

1

/3“ C900-series

1

/2“ C1300-series

3

/4“ C1900-series

Datasheets on request

0 50 100 150 200

CPM

PMT

250 300

2000

1500

1000

500

0

Counts

Channel

Fig. 3: Typical photo electron spectrum

Wavelength (nm)

100

C 922

C 952

C 911

C 972

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Quantumefficency (%)

100

10

1

0.1

Fig. 4.1: Typical spectral response

C 973

Wavelength (nm)

100

C 942

C 943

C 962

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Quantumefficency (%)

Fig. 4.2: Typical spectral response

100

10

1

0.1

C 944

High stability in dark current level

As a result of the semiconductive inner surface of the CPM, no charge-up effects occur at the glass surface. This

results in a very high stability of the dark current level over time, with no sudden changes (bursts). The semiconductive
surface also causes high-light recovery times to be extremely small.

CPM C900 Series
1/3” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Technical Specifications

· High Sensitivity Optical Detector

· Extremely High Gain

· Ultra Low Noise

· 1/3 Inch, Head-On Type

Dimensions (mm)

CPM C900 Series
1/3” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Spectral response

0.1

1

10

10 0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wavelength (nm)

Quantumefficiency (%)

C 9 1 1

C 942

C 962

C 921

C 9 5 2

C 9 7 2

C 943

C 9 7 3
C 983

C 982

C 922

C 944

CPM C900 Performance Specifications

Current Amplification

1,E+02

1,E+03

1,E+04

1,E+05

1,E+06

1,E+07

1,E+08

1,E+09

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias Voltage (V)

Current Amplification

Dark Current

1,E-12

1,E-11

1,E-10

1,E-09

1,E-08

1,E-07

1,E-06

1,E-05

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias voltage (V)

Dark current (A)

C 972
C 942

C 911

C 922

C 962
C 952

C 982

Equivalent Noise Input

1E-18

1E-17

1E-16

1E-15

1E-14

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wavelength (nm)

ENI (W)

C 911

C 922

C 952

C 962

C 972

C 982

Magnetic Field Effects

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Magnetic field (Gauss)

Relative output (%)

CPM -axial magn field
CPM -transverse magn field

CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!

This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.

CPM C1300 Series
1/2” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Technical Specifications

· High Sensitivity Optical Detector

· Extremely High Gain

· Ultra Low Noise

· 1/2 Inch, Head-On Type

Dimensions (mm)

CPM C1300 Series
1/2” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Spectral response

0.1

1

10

10 0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wavelength (nm)

Quantumefficiency (%)

C 13 11

C 1 342

C 1 362

C 1 321

C 13 5 2

C 13 7 2

C 1 343

C 13 7 3
C 1 383

C 1 382

C 1 322

C 1 344

CPM C1300 Performance Specifications

Current Amplification

1,E+02

1,E+03

1,E+04

1,E+05

1,E+06

1,E+07

1,E+08

1,E+09

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias Voltage (V)

Current Amplification

Dark Current

1,E-12

1,E-11

1,E-10

1,E-09

1,E-08

1,E-07

1,E-06

1,E-05

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias voltage (V)

Dark current (A)

C 1372

C 1342

C 1311
C 1322

C 1362
C 1352

C 1382

Equiva lent Noise Input

1E -18

1E -17

1E -16

1E -15

1E -14

100 300 500 700 900

W avelength (n m )

C 13 11

C 1 322

C 1 342

C 135 2

C 1 362

C 137 2

C 1 382

Typical Photo Electron Spectrum

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Channel

CPM

Counts

CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!

This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.

CPM C1900 Series
3/4” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Technical Specifications

· High Sensitivity Optical Detector

· Extremely High Gain

· Ultra Low Noise

· 3/4 Inch, Head-On Type

Dimensions (mm)

CPM C1900 Series
3/4” CPM Channel Photomultipliers

Spectral response

0.1

1

10

10 0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Wavelength (nm)

Quantumefficiency (%)

C 19 11

C 1 942

C 1 962

C 1 921

C 19 5 2

C 19 7 2

C 1 943

C 19 7 3
C 1 983

C 1 982

C 1 322

C 1 944

CPM C1900 Performance Specifications

Current Amplification

1,E+02

1,E+03

1,E+04

1,E+05

1,E+06

1,E+07

1,E+08

1,E+09

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias Voltage (V)

Current Amplification

Dark Current

1,E-12

1,E-11

1,E-10

1,E-09

1,E-08

1,E-07

1,E-06

1,E-05

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Bias voltage (V)

Dark current (A)

C 1972
C 1942

C 1911

C 1922

C 1962

C 1982

Equiva lent Noise Input

1E-18

1E-17

1E-16

1E-15

1E-14

100 300 500 700 900

W avelength (n m )

ENI (W)

C 1911

C 1922

C 1942

C 1952

C 1962

C 1972

C 1982

Typical Photo Electron Spectrum

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Channel

CPM

Counts

CAUTION: High Voltage Warning!

This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid
damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid
placing conductive material close to the cathode.
All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 °C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without
notice.

www.perkinelmer.com/opto

© 2001 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved.

.

USA:

PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
2175 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

EUROPE:

PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH
Wenzel-Jaksch-Str. 31
65199 Wiesbaden
Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

ASIA:

PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
47 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-12
Singapore 139947
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

DS-291 Rev A1101