Reverse Supply Voltage, V
Output OFF Voltage, V
Reverse Output Voltage, V
Continuous Output Current, I
Reverse Output Current, I
Package Power Dissipation,
PD.......................................... See Graph
* Operation at increased supply voltages with
external circuitry is described in Applications
Information. Devices for operation at increased temperatures are available on special
order.
OUT
............ -24 V
RCC
................. 26.5 V
.......... -24 V
ROUT
....... 20 mA
OUT
.......... 50 mA
ROUT
TRUE ZERO-SPEED, HALL-EFFECT
ADAPTIVE GEAR-TOOTH SENSOR
The ATS660LSB is an ideal gear-tooth sensor solution for uniform
teeth targets as found in today’s demanding transmission applications.
This digital differential Hall-effect sensor is the choice when repeatability and timing accuracy count. The ATS660LSB incorporates patented
self-calibration circuitry (U.S. Pat. 5,917,320) that nulls out the effects
of installation air gap, ambient temperature, and magnet offsets to
provide superior timing accuracy with symmetrical targets over large
operating air gaps — typical of targets used in speed-sensing applications (pitches varying from below 0.5 to over 1.2 teeth per diametric
millimeter). The self-calibration at power up keeps the performance
optimized over the life of the sensor. The ATS660LSB has an opencollector output for direct digital interfacing with no further signal
processing required. This device is available in a small 9-mm diameter
by 7-mm long package for optimal manufacturing.
The integrated circuit incorporates a dual-element Hall-effect
sensor and signal processing that switches in response to differential
magnetic signals created by the ferrous gear teeth. The circuitry
contains a sophisticated digital circuit to eliminate magnet and system
offsets and to achieve true zero-speed operation . D-to-A converters are
used to adjust the device gain at power on and to allow air-gap independent switching, which greatly reduces vibration sensitivity of the
device.
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
■ Fully optimized differential digital gear-tooth sensor
■ Single-chip sensing IC for high reliability
■ High vibration immunity
■ Precise duty cycle
■ Small mechanical size (9 mm diameter x 7 mm length)
■ Automatic gain control circuitry (self calibration)
Subassembly description. The ATS660LSB true
zero-speed gear-tooth sensor system is a Hall IC + magnet
configuration that is fully optimized to provide digital
detection of gear-tooth* edges in a small package size.
The sensor is packaged in a miniature plastic housing that
has been optimized for size, ease of assembly, and
manufacturability. High operating-temperature materials
are used in all aspects of construction.
The use of the sensor is simple. After correct power is
applied to the component, it is capable of instantly providing digital information that is representative of the profile
of a rotating gear. No additional optimization or processing circuitry is required. This ease of use should reduce
design time and incremental assembly costs for most
applications.
Sensing technology. The gear-tooth sensor subassembly contains a single-chip differential Hall-effect sensor
IC, a samarium-cobalt magnet, and a flat ferrous pole
piece. The Hall IC consists of two Hall elements spaced
2.2 mm apart, located so as to measure the magnetic
gradient created by the passing of a ferrous object (a gear
tooth). The two elements measure the field gradient and
convert it to a voltage that is then processed to provide a
digital output signal.
SENSOR
POLE PIECE
SOUTH
PERMANENT
MAGNET
NORTH
1 2 3 4
* In application, the terms “gear” and “target” are often interchanged. However, “gear” is preferred when motion is transferred.
Dwg. MH-016-4
Internal electronics. The ATS660LSB is a self-
calibrating sensor that contains two Hall-effect elements, a
temperature-compensated amplifier, and offset cancellation circuitry. Also contained in the device is a voltage
regulator to provide supply rejection over the operating
voltage range.
The self-calibrating circuitry is unique. After power up,
the device measures the peak-to-peak magnetic signal and
adjusts the gain using an on-chip D-to-A converter to
make the internal signal amplitude constant independent of
the installation air gap of the sensor. This feature allows
air-gap-independent operational characteristics.
In addition to the gain control circuitry, the device also
has provisions to zero out chip, magnet, and installation
offsets. This is accomplished using two D-to-A converters
that capture the peak and valley of the signal and use them
as a reference for the switching comparator. This allows
the switch points to be precisely controlled independent of
air gap or temperature.
The two Hall transducers and the electronics are integrated on a single silicon substrate using a proprietary
BiCMOS process.
Solution advantages. The ATS660LSB true zero-
speed detecting gear-tooth sensor subassembly uses a
differential Hall-element configuration. This configuration
is superior in most applications to a classical singleelement GTS. The single-element configuration commonly used requires the detection of an extremely small
signal (often <100 G) that is superimposed on an extremely large back biased field, often 1500 G to 3500 G.
For most gear configurations, the back-biased field values
change due to concentration effects, resulting in a varying
baseline with air gap, with eccentricities, and with vibration. The differential configuration eliminates the effects
of the back-biased field through subtraction and, hence,
avoids the issues presented by the single Hall element.
The signal-processing circuitry also greatly enhances the
functionality of this device. Other advantages are
■ temperature drift* — changes in temperature do not
greatly affect this device due to the stable amplifier design
and the offset rejection circuitry,
■ timing accuracy/duty cycle variation due to air gap*
— the accuracy variation caused by air-gap changes is
minimized by the self-calibration circuitry. A two-to-three
times improvement can be seen over conventional zerocrossing detectors,
■ dual edge detection — because this device references
the positive and negative peaks of the signal, dual edge
detection is guaranteed,
■ immunity to magnetic overshoot — the air-gap
independent hysteresis minimizes the impact of overshoot
on the switching of device output,
■ response to surface defects in the gear — the gainadjust circuitry reduces the effect of minor gear anomalies
that would normally causes false switching,
■ immunity to vibration and backlash — the gain-adjust
circuitry keeps the hysteresis of the device roughly proportional to the peak-to-peak signal. This allows the device to
have good immunity to vibration even when operating at
close air gaps,
■ immunity to gear run out — the differential-sensor
configuration eliminates the base-line variations caused by
gear run out, and
■ use with stamped-gear configurations — the highsensitivity switch points allow the use of stamped gears.
The shallow mechanical slopes created by the stamping
process create an acceptable magnetic gradient down to
zero speed. The surface defects caused by stamping the
gear are ignored through the use of gain control circuitry.
Operation versus air-gap/tooth geometry. Operating specifications are impacted by tooth size, valley size
and depth, gear material, and gear thickness. In general,
the following guidelines should be followed to achieve
greater than 2 mm air gap from the face of unit:
■ tooth width (T) > 2 mm;
■ valley width (p
■ valley depth (h
■ gear thickness (F) > 3 mm; and the
■ gear material must be low-carbon steel.
Signal duty cycle. For regular tooth geometry, precise
duty cycle is maintained over the operating air-gap and
temperature range due to an extremely good symmetry in
the magnetic switch points of the device. For irregular
tooth geometry, there will a small but noticeable change in
pulse width versus air gap.
- T) > 2 mm;
C
) > 2 mm;
t
* Target must be rotating for proper update algorithim
operation.
Power-on state operation. The device is guaranteed
to power on (power up) in the off state (high output
voltage) regardless of the presence or absence of a gear
tooth.
Under-voltage lockout. If the supply voltage falls
below the minimum operating voltage (V
CC(UV)
), the
device output will turn off (high output voltage) and stay
off irrespective of the state of the magnetic field. This
prevents false signals caused by under-voltage conditions
from propagating through to the output of the sensor.
Output. The output of the subassembly is a short-circuitprotected open-collector stage capable of sinking 20 mA.
An external pull-up (resistor) to a supply voltage of not
more than 26.5 V must be supplied.
Output polarity. The output of the device will switch
from off to on as the leading edge of the target passes the
subassembly in the direction indicated (pin 4 to pin 1),
which means that the output voltage will be low when the
unit is facing a tooth. If rotation is in the opposite direction (pin 1 to pin 4), the output of the device will switch
from on to off as the leading edge of the target passes the
subassembly, which means that the output voltage will be
high when the unit is facing a tooth.
1
2
3
4
Dwg. AH-006-1
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Power supply protection. The device contains an on-
chip regulator and can operate over a wide supply voltage
range. For devices that need to operate from an unregulated power supply, transient protection should be added
externally. For applications using a regulated line, EMI/
RFI protection is still required. Incorrect protection can
result in unexplained pulses on the output line, providing
inaccurate sensing information to the user.
EMI protection circuitry can easily be added to a PC board
for use with this device. Provisions have been made for
easy mounting of this board on the back of the unit. PC
board installation parallel to the device axis is also possible.
devices require minimal protection circuitry during
operation from a low-voltage regulated line. The on-chip
voltage regulator provides immunity to power supply
variations between 4.5 V and 26.5 V. However, even
while operating from a regulated line, some supply and
output filtering is required to provide immunity to coupled
and injected noise on the supply line. A basic RC lowpass circuit (R1C1) on the supply line and an optional
output capacitor (C2) is recommended for operation in
noisy environments. Because the device has an
open-collector output, an output pull-up resistor (RL) must
be included either at the sensor output (pin 2) or by the
signal processor input.
Operation from an unregulated power supply. In
automotive applications, where the device receives its
power from an unregulated supply such as the battery, full
protection is generally required so that the device can
withstand the many supply-side transients. Specifications
for such transients vary between car manufacturers, and
protection-circuit design should be optimized for each
application.
In the circuit shown, a standard protection circuit is
constructed using discrete components. The Zener diode
is used to provide over-voltage protection against load
dumps greater than about 40 V; for load dumps less than
about 40 V, the internal Zener is sufficient. The series
resistor (R
tor (C
limiting resistor should be sized for power dissipation
) provides current limiting and with the capaci-
1
) noise filtering. The Zener diode and current-
1
requirements. The series diode protects the external Zener
diode against reverse battery and provides protection
against transients greater than -24 V; it must be rated to
withstand the most negative transient. In many transmission applications there is already a Zener diode in the
TCU, and the diode and external Zener are not necessary.
Recommended evaluation technique. The self-
calibrating feature of the ATS660LSB requires that a
special evaluation technique be used to measure its highaccuracy performance capabilities. Installation inaccuracies are calibrated out at power on; hence, it is extremely
important that the device be repowered at each air gap
when gathering duty cycle data.
The ATS660LSB is designed to minimize performance
variation (caused by the large air-gap variations resulting
from installation) by self-calibrating at power-on. These
functions should be tested using the procedures described
below.
Duty cycle capabilities after correct self-calibration can
be measured as follows:
1. Set the air gap to the desired value.
2. Power down and then power up the device.
3. Rotate the gear at the desired speed.
4. Wait for calibration to complete (64 output pulses to
occur).
5. Monitor output for correct switching and measure
accuracy.
6. Repeat the above for multiple air gaps within the
operating range of the device.
7. This can be repeated over the entire operating temperature range.
2.2
There is an internal update algorithm that will maintain
the correct duty cycle as air gap changes with temperature.
Large changes in air gap will require the part to be reset
(by cycling power) to maintain the correct duty cycle.
Measurement of the effect of changing air gap after
power up:
1. Set the air gap to the desired value (nominal, for
example). Rotate the gear at the desired speed. Apply
power to the subassembly. Wait for 64 output pulses to
occur. Monitor output for correct switching and measure
accuracy.
2. Change the air gap by ±0.25 mm. Do not re-power the
subassembly. Wait for update algorithm to finish adjusting thresholds, typically 1 to 2 rotations on a 60-tooth gear.
Operation with fine-pitch gears. For targets with a
circular pitch of less than 4 mm, a performance improvement can be observed by rotating the front face of the
sensor subassembly. This sensor rotation decreases the
effective sensor-to-sensor spacing and increases the
capability of detecting fine tooth or valley configurations,
provided that the Hall elements are not rotated beyond the
width of the target.
Signal timing accuracy. The magnetic field profile
width is defined by the sensor element spacing and narrows in degrees as the target diameter increases. This
results in improved timing accuracy performance for larger
gear diameters (for the same number of gear teeth).
Valley-to-tooth transistions will generally provide better
accuracy than tooth-to-valley transitions for large-tooth or
large-valley configurations. For highest accuracy, targets
greater than 100 mm in diameter should be used.
Signal duty cycle. For repetitive target structures,
precise duty cycle is maintained over the operating air gap
and temperature range due to an extremely good symmetry
in the magnetic switch points and the internal self calibration of the device. For irregular tooth geometries, there
will be a small but measureable change in pulse width
versus air gap.
Additional applications Information on gear-tooth
and other Hall-effect sensors is also available in the “HallEffect IC Applications Guide”, which can be found in the
latest issue of the Allegro MicroSystems Electronic Data
Book, AMS-702 or Application Note 27701, or at
www.allegromicro.com
CRITERIA FOR DEVICE QUALIFICATION
All Allegro sensors are subjected to stringent qualification requirements prior to being released to production. To
become qualified, except for the destructive ESD tests, no failures are permitted.
* Temperature excursions to 225°C for 2 minutes or less are permitted.
† All industry-accepted soldering techniques are permitted for these subassemblies provided the indicated maximum
temperature for each component (e.g., sensor face, plastic housing) is not exceeded. Reasonable dwell times, which do
not cause melting of the plastic housing, should be used.
Sensor location (in millimeters)
(sensor location relative to package center is the design objective)
The products described herein are manufactured under one or more
of the following U.S. patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283;
5,389,889; 5,581,179; 5,517,112; 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719;
5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents
pending.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to
time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required
to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or
manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is
cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components
in life-support appliances, devices, or systems without express written
approval.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of
third parties that may result from its use.