Datasheet AT89RFD-11 Datasheet (Atmel)

Page 1
AT89RFD-11: USB Mouse with Flash Memory Reference Design
..............................................................................................
User Guide
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AT89RFD-11 User Guide 1
7648A–USB–06/06
Introduction...........................................................................................1-1
1.1 Features....................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Introduction ...............................................................................................1-1
1.3 Key Reference Design Objectives ............................................................1-2
Reference Design Overview.................................................................2-3
Theory of Operation..............................................................................3-5
3.1 Mouse Buttons..........................................................................................3-5
3.2 Z-Wheel ....................................................................................................3-5
3.4 Sensor interface........................................................................................3-7
3.5 USB...........................................................................................................3-8
Firmware Architecture.........................................................................4-15
Schematic & BOM ..............................................................................5-17
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Section 1
Introduction
1.1 Features One MCU = 2 devices (mouse and mass storage controllers) and one USB hub
No hub required
USB 2.0 Full Speed compliance
1 ms minimum Polling Interval
Low Power bus-powered device
Supported by all Microsoft O/S from Windows® 2000 and later
256 MB Nand Flash memory supported (driver support s me morie s up to 1G B)
High speed motion detection up to 20 ips (inches per second) and 8 G
Up to 800 CPI resolution
No mechanical moving parts
ISP (In System Programming) to upgrade the firmware
2K E2PROM to store parameters
Project sources availble with royalty free licence agreement
1.2 Introduction This design guides describes the desig n of a composite device (mouse & mass storage
device) using the AT89C5131A Atmel microcontroller and the Avago ADNS-3030 opti­cal sensor. The firmware implementation section describes the firmware architecture to implement a composite device with the mouse and the memor y functions. The Appen dix contains the hardware implementation and the BOM of this reference design.
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A familiarity with the AT89C5131A-M microcontroller (datasheet available on atmel web site www.atmel.com), the ADNS 3030 sensor (datasheet available on avago web site www.avagotech.com) and the USB specification (http://www.usb.org) is assumed.
1.3 Key Reference Design Objectives
1. Offer a complete solution based on a full speed mouse with a mass storage capability.
2. Highlight the AT89C5131A benifits to manage two devices simultaneously.
3. Highlight the low power benifit of the ADNS 3030.
4. Flash based development platform to facilitate customization and firmware upgrade.
+ =
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Section 2
Reference Design Overview
The reference design offers a full speed mouse with a mass storage capability to allow the user to save and exchange files using his mouse. This solution is based on a double enumeration (composite device) process to allow the management of both devices with one microcontroller the AT89C5131A-M. The mouse is based on the ADNS-3030 Avago sensor to collect the X, Y motion value. An optical quadratur e encoder provides th e Z­wheel movement. Each of the button switches is pulled up normally and provide s a Ground when depressed.
Figure 2-1. .Reference Design Overview
AT89C5131A-M
ATMEL
microcontroller
AVAG O
ADN S-3030
Optical Mouse
Sensor
MOSI
MISO
SCLK
STDW
NCS
Z Optics
Wheel
Quad ratu re
signals
Left Butto n
Middle Button
Right Button
Nand Flash
Memory
I/Os
Control
&
command
MOTION
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Section 3
Theory of Operation
3.1 Navigation Technology
The heart of the optical navigation sensor is a CMOS image array. An LED and an opti­cal system illuminate the surface that the sensor is navigating on. The texture of the surface casts bright and dark spots formin g distinct images as the sensor is move d across the surface. A Digital Signal Processing (DSP) engine and its built-in algorithm evaluate these images and determine the magnitude and direction of the movement. The motion data is made available in the delta_X and delta_Y registers for the system controller to retrieve. An extensive power saving topology is implemented within the ADNS-3030 navigation engine. A Motion pin (output) is available to act as the system interrupt. As long as there is no motion the system can remain in Sleep mode allowing maximum battery power saving. Based on the last detected motion the optical naviga­tion engine enters various power saving modes when no new motion occurs. These power saving features are particularly beneficial for wireless.
Figure 3-1.
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3.2 Sensor This reference design features the ADNS-3030 optical navigation engine. It contains an
Image Acquisition System (IAS), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and a three-wire Serial Peripheral Interface consists of the serial clock (SCLK), the master-in/slave-out (MISO) and the master-out/slave-in (MOSI). In addition two signals, Motion, is an output intended to act as an interrupt to the microcontroller whenever the ADNS-3030 senses motion, and SHTDWN, is an input pin to set the sensor in shutdown mo de. When the mouse is moved the ADNS-3030 alerts the system controller by activating the Motion signal. At the same time the ADNS-3030 accumulates the horizontal and vertical dis­placements (count per inch, or cpi) in its Delta_X and Delta_Y registers respectively. The ADNS-3030 deactivates the Motion signal as soon as movement stops. The mouse motion can be also detected by checking if the MOT bit (bit 7 in Motion register) is set. The SmartSpeed technology automatically optimizes the frame rate by examining the acquired images of the surface. It also manages the integrated LED driver to coordinate with the shutter. The system controller reads the motion information and reports it to the PC to update the cursor position. The advantages of using ADNS-3030 optical sensor are the efficient power management, high tracking accuracy, and efficient communica­tions with the optical sensor via the full duplex SPI port. To learn more about sensor’s technical information, please visit the Avago web site at http://www.avagotech.com
Figure 3-2. Sensor interface
3.3 Mouse Buttons Mouse buttons are connected as standard switches. These switches are pulled up by
the pull up resistors inside the m icrocontroller. Wh en the user depr esses a button, the switch will be closed and the pin will be pulled LOW to GND. A LOW state at the pin is interpreted as the button being depressed. A HIGH state is interpreted as the button has been released or the button is not being depressed. In this reference design there are three switches: left, Z-wheel (middle), and right.
AT89C5131A-M
ATMEL
microcontroller
AVAGO
ADNS-3030
Optical Mouse
Sensor
MOSI
MISO
SCLK
STDW
NCS
MOTION
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Figure 3-3. Mouse Buttons
3.4 Z-Wheel The motion of Z-wheel is detected using the quadr ature signal ge nerate d by optical sen-
sors. Two phototransistors are connected in a source-follower configuration forming Channel A and Channel B. An infrared LED shines, causing the phototransistors to turn on. In between the phototransistors and LED is a pinwheel that turns on the mouse ball rollers. The fan of this pinwheel is mechanically de sig ned to block th e infra red light su ch that the phototransistors are turned on and off in a quadrature output pattern. Every change in the phototransistor outputs represents a count of mouse movement. Co mpar­ing the last state of the optics to the current state derives directional information. As shown in the Figure below, rotating the wheel forward p roduces a unique set o f state transitions, and rotating the wheel backward produces another set of unique state transitions.
Figure 3-4. Optics Quadrature Signal Generation
Left Button
Middle Button
Right Button
AT89C5131A-M
P1_0 P1_2 P1_1
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3.5 Memory The target memory used with this reference design is a Nand Flash memory (Micron
M29F2G08AAB) of 256 MBytes. This memory allow the user to save and exchange data and files with any PC.
The Nand Flash memory is connected to the AT89C5131A-M as below. P0 an d P2 ports are mandatory in order to access the Nand Flash using MOVX instructions.
Figure 3-5. Nand Flash memory interface
3.6 USB
3.6.1 Multiple Enumeration (composite device)
Thanks to its seven endpoints, the AT89C5131A-M can manage several USB devices simultanuously using the multiple enumerations functionality (composite device). This functionnality allows the user to declare one device with several interfaces. Each inter­face is seen and managed as a stand-alone device from the PC point of view. In our case we declare two interfaces: one to manage the mass storage device and the other to manage the HID mouse device.
To be able to manage two interfaces, the microcontroller should have at the least a con­trol endpoint and the sum of the endpoints required by both interfaces. For example for this reference design we need 1 endpoint for control transfer, 1 endpoint for mouse and 2 endpoints for mass storage, which means that we need 4 endpoints to make this application.
P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7
AVss Vss
Xtal2
Xtal1
24
MHz
22pF
22pF
100
27 27
1.5k
D-
D+
Vref
PLLF
10nF 2.2nF
I/O.0 I/O.1 I/O.2 I/O.3 I/O.4 I/O.5 I/O.6 I/O.7
MiCRON
M 29F 2G08A A B
A T89C 5131A -M
Vss
P2.0 P2.1
CLE ALE
USB connector
3.3V
regulator
D-
D+
Vbus
GND
2.2k
Vcc
Vcc
R/B
10µF
Tantal.
P3.7 P2.3
P2.4
VDD AVD D
1µF
100nF
Vcc
P3.3
Vcc
EA
100k
P3.0
Write
Protection
2.2k
WE
CE
RE
P3.6
PSEN
ISP
2.2k
optional
10µF
Tantal.
10k
Vcc
WP
Ucap
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Figure 3-6. Multiple Enumeration
From the PC point of view, the reference design is presented as two stand-alone devices. The figure below shows how the device appears in the device manager.
Device
descriptor
Configuration
descriptor
Interface
descriptor
M ass Storage
Intera fce
descriptor
HID mouse
Endpoint IN
descriptor
HID
descriptor
Endpoint O UT
descriptor
Endpoint IN
descriptor
Report
descriptor
Physical
descriptor
Mass Storage
Device
Mouse Device
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Figure 3-7. Device Manager Multiple Enumeration
3.6.2 HID Mouse Overview The USB mouse application is a simple data exchange between the PC and the mouse.
The PC asks the mouse if there is a new data available each P time (polling interval time), the mouse will send the data if it is available, otherwise it will send a NAK (No Acknowlodge) to tell the PC that there is no data available now.
The data sent to the PC is called report. This report has the structure below : Figure 1. USB report structure
The X, Y are collected thanks to the sensor.
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The button values are updated following the button switches state (1 if depressed, 0 if released).
The scroll wheel value is updated using the motion of Z-Wheel as explained in section
4.2
3.6.3 Mass Storage Overview
The Mass Storage application is simply file transfer between the PC and the device. The USB data exchange for this application is based on the SCSI (Small Computer Sys-
tem Interface) commands which use two bulk endpoints (one IN and one OUT) to perform the status and data transfer. The endpoint 0 (control endpoint) is used only to perform the enumeration process, the errors management and to determine the LUN (Logical Unit Number) value.
In other words, the Mass Storage application is a set of SCSI commands send by the host to manage the file transfers.
The Mass Storage class allows one device to manage several memories at the same time thanks to the LUN.
Figure 3-8. Mass Storage Application Overview
The standard enumeration process (USB chapter 9 support) is performed through the default control endpoint. This process consists of a set of parameters sent by the d evice to the host to identify the device class and load the appropriate drivers. This parameters are called the descriptors.
The SCSI command are performed through both endpoints (IN or OUT). Each SCSI command is decoded and transmitted to the appropriate memory through a command set (Read, Write, is memory present, is memory write protected,...).
The memory answers are converted in SCSI status before being wrapped in USB CSW (Command Status Wrapper) and sent to the USB Host controller. Because the USB bus is a single master bus (the USB Host), each data transfer is initiate d by the USB Host, following a specific Command-Data-Status flow (see figure below)
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Figure 3-9. Command/Data/Status Flow
The CBW (Command Block Wrapper) contains some USB information such as the LUN addressed, the length of the SCSI command, and of course, it also contains the SCSI command for the memory.
The CSW (Command Status Wrapper) contain s the SCSI status. If the status is GOOD, the Host will send the next following command. If the status is different from GOOD (FAILED, PHASE ERROR,...), the host will ask for more information regarding the error by sending a REQUEST SENSE command.
Note: Please refer to Mass Storage Application Note (available on www.atmel.com) for more
details
3.6.4 Power Management Although this is not a wireless design it is worthwhile to mention the low-power feature of
the ADNS-3030. The ADNS-3030 has three power-saving modes. Each mode has a different motion
detection period, affecting response time to mouse motion (Response Time). The sen­sor automatically changes to the appropria te mode, depending o n the time since the last reported motion (Downshift Time). The parameters of each mode are shown in the fol­lowing table. Mode Response Time (nominal) Downshift Time (nominal)
Each rest mode successively decreases in power consumption. The ADNS-3030 con­sumes typically 32 µA in Rest 3 mode. Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Units Notes DC Supply Current In various modes.
Mode Response Time (nominal) Downshit Time (nominal)
Rest1 16.5 ms 237 ms
Rest 2 82 ms 8.39 s Rest 3 410 ms 504 s
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3.6.4.1 Motion Pin Timing The motion pin is a level-sensitive output that signals the microcontroll er when motion
has occurred. The Motion pin is lowered whenever the Motion bit is set; in other words, whenever there is data in the Delta_X or Delta_Y registers. Clear ing the Motion bit (by reading Delta_Y and Delta_X, or writing to the Motion register) will set the Motion pin high. This feature further contributes to the system power saving. As long as the ADNS­3030 is not sensing motion the microcontroller can enter its own sleep mode as long as it is capable of waking up from an interrupt by the Motion pin.
3.6.4.2 LED Mode For power savings, the LED will not be continuously on. ADNS-3030 will flash the LED
only when needed. This is fully automated and managed by the ADNS-3030. As a result the ADNS-3030 consumes only about 4 mA of average current while in the active mode.
Parameter Symbol Minumum Typical Maximum Units Notes
DC Supply IDD 3.9 13
mA
Average current,including LED current.
No load on MISO, MOTION.
Current In 0.63 2.3
Various 0.13 0.5
Modes 0.032 0.15
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3.6.5 ISP The ISP (In System Programming) allows the user to upgrade the firmware using the
USB port. To use this feature the user needs Flip software (available on www.atmel.com).
Please follow the below instruction to put the reference design in ISP mode:
1. Unplug the reference design from the PC.
2. Push the button located on the bottom of the reference desgin (see the figure below)
Figure 3-10. ISP Button
3. Plug the reference design to the PC
4. Release the button
5. Check the Device Manager, and you should see the same icon (Jungo® icon) as shown in the figure below. If not, start again from the step1
6. Launch Flip software and start upgrading your firmware
ISP Button
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Figure 3-11. Device Manager
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Section 4
Firmware Architecture
The firmware of this reference design is written in C language. The main files are explained below:
• usb_task.c: This file manages the USB enumeration, the SCSI command, the USB mouse motion (X,Y motion, buttons click, scroll wheel motion) and the USB events (suspend, resume, reset...)
• usb_enum.c: This file contains the USB endpoint 0 ma nagement routines corresponding to the standard enumeration process (refer to chapter 9 of the USB specification). This file calls routines of the usb_user_enum.c file for non-standard request management. The enumeration parameters (descriptor t ables) are contained in the usb_user_configuration.c file.
• usb_user_enum.c: This file contains the non-standard USB requests.
• usb_user_configuration.c: This file contains the enumeration parameters (USB descriptors)
• sensor.c: This file contains the functions to initialize the sensor and the wheel, manage the sensor access (read, write) and the wheel motion detection.
• ctrl_access.c: This file manages the interface between the USB and the target memory using the LUN (Logical Unit Number).
• nf.c: This file contains the high level NF with 2Kb page routines
• nf_mem.c: This file contains the interface routines of Nand Flash memory
• The figure hereunder shows the firmware architecture implementation
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Figure 4-1. Firmware Architecture Implementation
USB enumeration management
(usb_user_enum.c, usb_enum.c,
usb_user_configuration.c,
scsi_decoder.c)
usb driver (usb_drv.c)
MCU driver (mcu_drv.c)
SPI driver (spi_lib .c )
Nand Flash driver (nf_d rv .c)
applicationAPIDriversHardware
MCU/Mouse/Memory
hardware
sensor & wheel
management
(sensor.c)
tasks management
(usb_task.c)
-enumeration process
-Mass Storage SCSI command management
-USB mouse report management
usb_task()
-po lling call
Is_usb_mouse_event()
-interrupt call each SOF (1ms)
-Check if mouse motion OK
-check if button pressed or released
-check if wheel motion OK
-Fill the USB mouse report out
-Enumeration process management
-SCSI command management
-USB requests management
-USB descriptors declaration
-SCSI commands decoder
-sensor and wheel initialization
-read and write sensor functions
-wheel interrupt management
memory management
(ctrl_access.c, nf.c,
nf_mem.c)
-manage the access to the memory
-manage the NF memory state, read, write...
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Section 5
Schematic & BOM
Vcc
VccVcc
P1_4
P1_3
P3_4
P1_6
P1_7
P1_5
C2
10nFC210nF
C4
10nFC410nF
C31μF C31μF
C1
1μFC11μF
NCS1MISO
2
SCLK3MOSI
4
MOTION
5
XY_LED
6
LED_GND
7
NC
8
AGND
9
SHTDWN
10
NC
20
AGND
19
NC18NC
17
GND
16
VDD
15
AGND
14
GND13GND
12
AVDD
11
U1
ADNS3030
U1
ADNS3030
R110R1
10
C6
10nFC610nF
C5
1μFC51μF
D1
HLMP_ED80
D1
HLMP_ED80
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_EA
_EA
XTAL1
_PSEN
PLLF
XTAL2
XTAL2
XTAL1
_PSEN
UCAP
UCAP
PLLF
/RST
/RST
VCC
AVCC
AVSS
AVCC
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
P3_6
P0_7
P0_6
P0_5
P0_4
P0_3
P0_2
P0_1
P2_3
P2_4
P3_0
P1_0
P1_1
P1_2
P3_2
P3_3
P3_4
P3_5
VREF
D+
D-
P3_5
P3_3
P3_2
P1_7
P1_6
P1_5
P2_1
P2_0
P0_0
P1_4
P1_3
P1_2
P1_1
P1_0
P3_7
Wheel
Smaller Swith
possible (Only
for ISP
programming)
Close to μC
Close to μC
Close to μC
C9
1μFC91μF
R2
2.2 KR22.2 K
C8
1μFC81μF
SW1
ISP
SW1
ISP
Y1 CRYSTAL 24MHzY1 CRYSTAL 24MHz
C13
10nF
C13
10nF
R6
4K7R64K7
R3
10KR310K
R7
100R7100
C10
22 pF
C10
22 pF
C14
2.2 nF
C14
2.2 nF
1 2
SW4
Scroll
SW4
Scroll
C12
10nF
C12
10nF
1 2
SW3
Right
SW3
Right
R4
100R4100
VCC2QA1QB
3
U3
MID-95A3LH
U3
MID-95A3LH
R5
4K7R54K7
1 2
SW2
Left
SW2
Left
D2
MIE-114A1
D2
MIE-114A1
P2.0/A8/D8
56
P2.1/A9/D9
57
P2.2/A10/D10
58
P1.5/CEX2/KIN5/MISO
59
P1.6/CEX3/KIN6/SCK
60
P1.7/CEX4/KIN7/MOSI
61
P4.0/SCL
62
P4.1/SDA
63
P2.3/A11/D11
2
P2.4/A12/D12
3
P2.5/A13/D13
4
XTAL25XTAL16P2.6/A14/D14
7
P2.7/A15/D15
8
VDD9AVDD10UCAP11AVSS12P3.0/RxD
14
PLLF
19
D-
20
D+
21
VREF
22
UVSS
23
EA
24
ALE
25
PSEN
26
P3.1/TxD
27
P3.2/INT0
28
P3.3/INT1/LED0
29
P3.4/T0
30
P3.5/T1/LED1
31
nc11
34
P3.6/WR/LED2
35
P0.7/AD7/D7
36
P0.6/AD6/D6
37
P0.5/AD5/D5
38
P3.7/RD/LED3
39
P0.4/AD4/D4
40
VSS
42
P0.3/AD3/D3
43
RST
44
P0.2/AD2/D2
45
P0.1/AD1/D1
46
nc13
47
P0.0/AD0/D0
55
P1.4/CEX1/KIN4
54
P1.3/CEX0/KIN3
53
P1.2/ECI/KIN2
52
P1.1/T2EX/KIN1/SS
51
P1.0/T2/KIN0
50
nc16
64
nc1
1
nc15
49
nc14
48
nc12
41
nc10
33
nc9
32
nc7
18
nc6
17
nc516nc4
15
nc3
13
U2
AT89C5131A-M_VQFP64
U2
AT89C5131A-M_VQFP64
C11
22 pF
C11
22 pF
C7
100nFC7100nF
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5 4 3 2
Vcc
Vcc
P0_0
P0_1
P0_2
P0_3
P0_4
P0_5
P0_6
P0_7
P2_0
P2_1
P2_3
P3_7
P3_6
P2_4
C15
100nF
C15
100nF
R8
10KR810K
C16
100nF
C16
100nF
/CE9/RE8/WE18/WP
19
ALE
17
CLE
16
IO7
44
IO6
43
IO5
42
IO4
41
IO3
32
IO2
31
IO1
30
IO0
29
RDY/B
7
VCC
37
VCC
12
VSS
36
VSS
13
U4
M29F2G08AAB / MICRON
U4
M29F2G08AAB / MICRON
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D+
D-
VREF
Vbus
USB_CON_D-
USB_CON_D+
GND
Vcc
VREF
D+
D-
3.3V
See recommendations folder
123
4
J1
Male Header : Molex 53261-0571
J1
Male Header : Molex 53261-0571
IN
3
GND
2
OUT
1
U5
L78L33 STM SOT89
U5
L78L33 STM SOT89
R10 27R10 27
R11 27R11 27
C18
100nF
C18
100nF
R9
1.5 KR91.5 K
C17
1μF
C17
1μF
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5.1 Bill Of Materials
Item QTY Description Value Designators
1 6 Capac itor
1 µF, 10%, Tantalum, 16V
C1, C3, C5, C8, C9, C 17
2 2 Capac itor
22 pF
C10, C11
3 5 Capac itor
10 n F, 10%
C2, C4, C6, C12, C13
4 4 Capac itor
100 n F
C7, C15, C16,C18
5 1 Capac itor
2. 2 nF, 10%
C14
61 LED
Navigation D1
71 LED
IR, Scroll wheel D2
8 1 Connect or
4-pin Male Header
J1
9 Cable ass embly
USB, Type A to pigtail ,
Not on s c hematic
10 1 Connect or Housi ng
4 posit ion, DO N OT INST ALL
Not on s c hematic
11 4 Terminal
Crimp, instal l on Item 9
Not on s c hematic
12 1 Resis t or (0805)
10
R1
13 1 Resis t or (0805)
2. 2 k
R2
14 1 Resis t or (0805)
100
R4
15 2 Resis t or (0805)
4. 7 k
R5, R6
16 2 Resis t or (0805)
10 k
R3, R8
17 1 Resis t or (0805)
100, 10%
R7
18 1 Resis t or (0805)
1. 5 k
R9
19 2 Resis t or (0805)
27, 1%
R10, R11
20 1 Switch
PUSH-BUTTON
SW1
21 1 Switch
Left
SW2
22 1 Switch
Right
SW3
23 1 Switch
Scroll
SW4
24 1 IC
Optical navigat ion sensor
U1
25 1 IC
Microcontroller
U2
26 1 IC
Quadratur e encoder
U3
27 1 IC
Flash memory, 2G
U4
28 1 IC
Voltage regulat or
U5
29 1 Crys tal
24 MHz
Y1 30 1 LED c lip not s hown on s c hem atic 31 1 Lens not s hown on s c hem at ic
Page 24
Printed on recycled paper.
7648A–USB–06/06
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