Datasheet AN78N24, AN78N20, AN78N18, AN78N15, AN78N12 Datasheet (Panasonic)

...
Page 1
AN78N00 Series
3-pin Positive Output Voltage Regulator (300mA Type)
Overview
The AN78N00 ser ies is 3-pin fix ed positi ve output v olt­age regulators. Stabilized fixed output v olta ge is obtained from unstable DC input voltage without using any exter­nal components. 12 types of fixed output v oltage are avail­able ; 4V, 5V, 6V, 7V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 12V, 15V, 18V, 20V and 24V. They can be used widely in power circuits with current capacitance up to 300mA.
• No external components
• Output voltage : 4V, 5V, 6V , 7V, 8V, 9V, 10V , 12V, 15V, 18V, 20V, 24V
• Short-circuit current limiting built-in
• Thermal overload protection built-in
• Output transistor safe area compensation
8.0
3.05
0.75±0.25 0.5±0.1
4.6
123
JEDEC:TO-126 (SSIP003-P-0000E)
+0.5 – 0.1
3.8
11.5max.15.0min.
1.94
0.5±0.25
1.44
2.3
3.5max.
Unit:mm
1.76 1 : Input
2 : Common 3 : Output
Block Diagram
Starter
Voltage Reference
Current Source
+ Error Amp.
Current Limiter
Thermal Protection
Pass Tr
Q
R
R
R
1
1
SC
3
2
1
2
Input
Output
Common
Page 2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta=25˚C)
Parameter Symbol Rating Unit
1
*
Input voltage
Power dissipation Operating ambient temperature Storage temperature
*
1 AN78N04, AN78N05, AN78N06, AN78N07, AN78N08, AN78N09, AN78N10, AN78N12, AN78N15, AN78N18
*
2 AN78N20, AN78N24
*
3 Follow the derating curve. When T
exceeds 150˚C, the internal circuit cuts off the output.
j
V
I
P
D
T
opr
T
stg
35
2
*
40
3
*
8
–20 to +80
–55 to +150
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N04 (4V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=9V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
V
no
RR
/Ta
O
T
=25˚C
j
=6.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=7 to 20V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
I
O
L
=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C
I
O
=25˚C
T
j
=6.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=7 to 17V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz
=300mA, Tj=25˚C
I
O
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C IO=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
3.84
3.8
62
4
10
38 72
– 0.3
V
V W ˚C ˚C
4.16 V4
4.2
VVI=6.5 to 20V, IO=5 to 200mA
40 mV9
mV
20
mV20
80
mV
40
mA2.8
5
mA
0.8 mA
0.5 µV
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
Page 3
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N05 (5V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=10V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
AN78N06 (6V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=11V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=7.5 to 20V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=7.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=8 to 20V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
V
=7.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
I
IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=8 to 18V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=8.5 to 20V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
VI=8.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
IN
=9 to 20V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=8.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=9 to 19V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
4.8
4.75
62
5.75
5.7
59
72
– 0.3
70
– 0.4
5.2 V5
5.25
V 50 mV10 25
50
0.8
0.5
mV mV20 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
5
100
10
40V
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
6.25 V6
6.3
V
60 mV11 30
60
0.8
0.5
mV mV20 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
6
120
10
45V
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
Page 4
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N07(7V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load vias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
IN
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=12V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
AN78N08 (8V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=14V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
=25˚C
T
j
V
=9.5 to 20V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=9.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
=10 to 20V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=9.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=10 to 20V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=10.5 to 23V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
VI=10.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
IN
=12 to 23V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=10.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=11 to 21V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
6.7
6.65
57
7.7
7.6
7.3 V7
7.35
V 70 mV12 35
70
0.8
0.5
mV mV20 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
dB
7
140
10
50V 69
V2
mA300 mA500
– 0.4
mV/˚C
8.3 V8
8.4
V
80 mV13
0.8
0.5
mV
40
mV25 mV
80
mA2.8
5
mA mA
µV
dB
8
160
10
55V
56
69
V2 mA300 mA500
– 0.4
mV/˚C
Page 5
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N09 (9V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=15V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
AN78N10 (10V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=16V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=11.5 to 24V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=11.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=13 to 24V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=11.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=12 to 22V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=12.5 to 25V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
VI=12.5 to 30V, Tj=25˚C
IN
=13 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=12.5 to 30V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=13 to 23V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
8.65
8.55
9.6
9.5
9.35 V9
9.45
V
90 mV14
0.8
0.5
mV
45
mV25 mV
90
mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
dB
9
180
10
60V
56
68
V2 mA300 mA500
– 0.5
mV/˚C
10.4 V10
10.5
V
100 mV15
0.8
0.5
mV
50
mV25 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA
µV
dB
10
200 100
10
70V
56
68
V2 mA300 mA500
– 0.5
mV/˚C
Page 6
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N12 (12V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=19V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
AN78N15 (15V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=23V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
V
no
RR
/Ta
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=14.5 to 27V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=14.5 to 30V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=16 to 27V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=14.5 to 30V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=15 to 25V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=17.5 to 20V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
VI=17.5 to 25V, Tj=25˚C
IN
=20 to 30V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=17.5 to 30V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=18.5 to 28.5V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
11.5
11.4
55
14.4
14.25
54
10
10
80V 67
– 0.6
11
10
80 66
– 0.8
12.5 V12
12.6 100 mV15
50 240 120
0.8
0.5
15.6 V15
15.75 100 mV16
50 300 150
0.8
0.5
5
5
V
mV mV25 mV mA2.8 mA mA µV
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
V
mV mV25 mV mA2.8 mA mA µV
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
Page 7
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N18 (18V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=27V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
AN78N20 (20V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=29V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=21to 33V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=21to 33V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=22 to 33V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=21 to 33V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=22 to 32V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
=25˚C
T
j
V
=23 to 35V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
VI=23 to 35V, Tj=25˚C
IN
=24 to 35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=23 to 35V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=24 to 34V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
17.3
17.1
19.2
19.0
18.7 V18
18.9
V
100 mV18
13
360 180
10
90V
53
65
50
0.8
0.5
mV mV30 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
–1.0
mV/˚C
20.8 V20 21
V
100 mV19
0.8
0.5
mV
50
mV30 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
dB
14
400 200
10
100V
52
64
V2 mA300 mA500
–1.2
mV/˚C
Page 8
Electrical Characteristics (Ta=25˚C)
AN78N24 (24V Type)
·
Parameter Symbol Condition min typ max Unit Output voltage Output voltage tolerance
Line regulation
Load regulation
Bias current Input bias current fluctuation Load bias current fluctuation Output noise voltage Ripple rejection ratio Minimum input/output voltage difference Output short circuit current Peak output current Output voltage temperature coefficient
Note 1) The specified condition T
=25˚C means that the test should be carried out with the test time so short (within 10ms) that the
j
REG
REG
I
I
V
DIF (min.)
I
O (Short)
I
O (Peak)
V
V
O
V
O
I
bias
bias (IN)
bias (L)
no
RR
/Ta
O
drift in characteristic value due to the rise in chip junction temperature can be ignored. Note 2) When not specified, VI=33V, IO=100mA, CI=0.33µF, CO=0.1µF, Tj=0 to 125˚C
=25˚C
T
j
V
=27 to 38V, IO=5 to 200mA
I
=27 to 38V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
IN
=28 to 38V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
I
=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C
O
L
IO=5 to 200mA, Tj=25˚C T
=25˚C
j
VI=27 to 38V, Tj=25˚C IO=1 to 300mA, Tj=25˚C f=10Hz to 100kHz VI=28 to 38V, IO=50mA, f=120Hz IO=300mA, Tj=25˚C
=35V, Tj=25˚C
V
I
Tj=25˚C I
=5mA, Tj=0 to 125˚C
O
23
22.8
50
15
10
110V
63
–1.5
25.2 100 mV20
480 240
0.8
0.5
25 V24
V
mV
50
mV30 mV mA2.8
5
mA mA µV
dB
V2 mA300 mA500
mV/˚C
Basic Regulator Circuit Application Circuit
Input Output
13
AN78N00
C
I
C
: is set when the input line is long.
I
2
Common
C
O
CO : improves the transient response.
V
I
20
0.33µF
Q
1
1
AN78N00
2
3
I
O
0.1µF
V
I
V
O
|VO| = VO´+ I
1
AN78N00
2
I
bias
3
VO´
+ R
bias
VO´
R
R
2
R
1
2
V
O
1
Page 9
Characteristic Curve
PD –Ta (AN78M00 Series)
10
(1) Infinite Heat Sink (2) 5˚C/W Heat Sink
8
(W)
D
6
4
Power Dissipation P
2
0
0 40 80 120 160
(3) 15˚C/W Heat Sink (4) Without Heat Sink
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ambient Temperature Ta (˚C)
Load Transient Response
AN78N05
1
V
2.4
DIF (min.) –Tj
(V)
2.0
DIF (min.)
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
Minimum Input/Output Voltage Difference V
0
–120 –80 –40 0 40 80 120 160 200
Junction Temperature Tj (˚C)
RR– f
120
AN78N05
(A)
O
0.3
0.2
0.1 0
100
80
Load Current I
60
IO=300mA IO=100mA
IO=20mA
IO=0
Input Transient Response
AN78N05
10
0
–10
–20
024
Output Voltage Fluctuation (mV)
6810
Time t (µs)
20
(V)
I
15
10
Input Voltage V
5
0
–1
–2
01020
Output Voltage Fluctuation (V)
30 40 50
Time t (µs)
40
20
Ripple Rejection Ratio RR (dB)
0
10 100
1k 10k 100k
Frequency f (Hz)
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