Input voltage range: 2.3 V to 5.5 V
Output voltage range: 1.2 V to 3.3 V
Output current: 150 mA
Low quiescent current
I
= 11 µA with 0 A load
GND
I
= 30 µA with 150 mA load
GND
Low shutdown current: <1 µA
Low dropout voltage
90 mV @ 150 mA load
High PSRR
70 dB @ 1 kHz at V
70 dB @ 10 kHz at V
Low noise: 40 µV rms at V
No noise bypass capacitor required
Output voltage accuracy: ±1%
Stable with a small 1 µF ceramic output capacitor
16 fixed output voltage options
Current limit and thermal overload protection
Logic controlled enable
5-lead TSOT package
4-ball 0.4 mm pitch WLCSP
= 1.2 V
OUT
OUT
= 1.2 V
= 1.2 V
OUT
CMOS Linear Regulator
ADP121
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS
= 1.8VVIN = 2.3V
V
OUT
VOUT
NC
5
1µF
4
06901-001
V
= 1.8V
OUT
1µF
06901-002
1
1µF
Figure 1. ADP121 TSOT with Fixed Output Voltage, 1.8 V
VIN
2
GND
3
EN
NC = NO CONNECT
= 2.3V
IN
1µF
Figure 2. ADP121 WLCSP with Fixed Output Voltage, 1.8 V
VINVOUT
ENGND
APPLICATIONS
Mobile phones
Digital cameras and audio devices
Portable and battery-powered equipment
Post dc-to-dc regulation
Post regulation
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADP121 is a quiescent current, low dropout, linear regulators
that operate from 2.3 V to 5.5 V and provide up to 150 mA of
output current. The low 135 mV dropout voltage at 150 mA
load improves efficiency and allows operation over a wide
input voltage range. The low 30 A of quiescent current at full
load make the ADP121 ideal for battery-operated portable
equipment.
The ADP121 is available in 16 fixed output voltage options
ranging from 1.2 V to 3.3 V. The parts are optimized for stable
operation with small 1 µF ceramic output capacitors. The
ADP121 delivers good transient performance with minimal
board area.
Short-circuit protection and thermal overload protection circuits
prevent damage in adverse conditions. The ADP121 is available
in a tiny 5-lead TSOT and 4-ball 0.4 mm pitch WLCSP packages and utilizes the smallest footprint solution to meet a
variety of portable applications.
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE VIN T
OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT I
I
I
I
I
I
SHUTDOWN CURRENT I
EN = GND, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 1.5 µA
FIXED OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY V
REGULATION
Line Regulation V
Load Regulation
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
TSOT I
I
I
I
WLCSP I
I
I
I
START-UP TIME
CURRENT-LIMIT THRESHOLD
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal Shutdown Threshold TSSD T
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TS
EN INPUT
EN Input Logic High VIH 2.3 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V 1.2 V
EN Input Logic Low VIL 2.3 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V 0.4 V
EN Input Leakage Current V
EN = VIN or GND, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 1
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT UVLO
Input Voltage Rising UVLO
Input Voltage Falling UVLO
Hysteresis UVLO
OUTPUT NOISE OUT
10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
+ 0.5 V) or 2.3 V, whichever is greater; EN = VIN; I
OUT
I
GND
EN = GND 0.1 µA
GND-SD
I
OUT
/VIN
OUT
1
2
V
3
T
4
I
V
/I
OUT
OUT
V
DROPOUT
V
START-UP
160 225 350 mA
LIMIT
15 °C
SD-HYS
EN = VIN or GND 0.05 µA
I-LEAKAGE
2.25 V
RISE
FAL L
120 mV
HYS
10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
NOISE
= 10 mA; CIN = C
OUT
= −40°C to +125°C 2.3
J
= 0 µA 11 µA
OUT
= 0 µA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 21 µA
OUT
= 10 mA 15 µA
OUT
= 10 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 29 µA
OUT
= 150 mA 30 µA
OUT
= 150 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 40 µA
OUT
= 10 mA −1 +1 %
OUT
100 µA < I
V
= (V
IN
100 µA < I
= (V
V
IN
T
= −40°C to +125°C
J
= (V
V
IN
= −40°C to +125°C
T
J
I
= 1 mA to 150 mA 0.001 %/mA
OUT
= 1 mA to 150 mA
I
OUT
T
= −40°C to +125°C
J
= 3.3 V
OUT
= 10 mA 8 mV
OUT
= 10 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 12 mV
OUT
= 150 mA 120 mV
OUT
= 150 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 180 mV
OUT
= 10 mA 6 mV
OUT
= 10 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 9 mV
OUT
= 150 mA 90 mV
OUT
= 150 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 135 mV
OUT
= 3.3 V 120 µs
OUT
rising 150 °C
J
< 150 mA,
OUT
+ 0.5 V) to 5.5 V
OUT
< 150 mA,
OUT
+ 0.5 V) to 5.5 V
OUT
+ 0.5 V) to 5.5 V, I
OUT
= 1 µF; TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
OUT
5.5 V
−2 +2 %
−3 +3 %
= 1 mA
OUT
−0.03 +0.03 %/ V
0.005 %/mA
1.5 V
= 3.3 V 65 µV rms
OUT
= 2.5 V 52 µV rms
OUT
= 1.2 V 40 µV rms
OUT
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 20
Page 4
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO PSRR 10 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
10 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
10 kHz, VIN = 5 V, V
INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITOR
Minimum Input and Output Capacitance CAP
Capacitor ESR R
1
Based on an end-point calculation using 1 mA and 100 mA loads. See for typical load regulation performance for loads less than 1 mA. Figure 6
2
Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output voltage differential when the input voltage is set to the nominal output voltage. This applies only for output
voltages above 2.3 V.
3
Start-up time is defined as the time between the rising edge of EN to VOUT being at 90% of its nominal value.
4
Current-limit threshold is defined as the current at which the output voltage drops to 90% of the specified typical value. For example, the current limit for a 3.0 V
output voltage is defined as the current that causes the output voltage to drop to 90% of 3.0 V, or 2.7 V.
5
The minimum input and output capacitance should be greater than 0.70 F over the full range of operating conditions. The full range of operating conditions in the
application must be considered during device selection to ensure that the minimum capacitance specification is met. X7R and X5R type capacitors are recommended;
Y5V and Z5U capacitors are not recommended for use with any LDO.
5
TJ = −40°C to +125°C 0.70 µF
MIN
T
ESR
= −40°C to +125°C 0.001 1 Ω
J
= 3.3 V 60 dB
OUT
= 2.5 V 66 dB
OUT
= 1.2 V 70 dB
OUT
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 20
Page 5
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.
Parameter Rating
VIN to GND −0.3 V to +6 V
VOUT to GND −0.3 V to VIN
EN to GND −0.3 V to +6 V
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Junction Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C
Soldering Conditions JEDEC J-STD-020
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
THERMAL DATA
Absolute maximum ratings apply individually only, not in
combination. The ADP121 can be damaged when the junction
temperature limits are exceeded. Monitoring the ambient
temperature does not guarantee that T
temperature limits. In applications with high power dissipation
and poor thermal resistance, the maximum ambient temperature
may have to be derated. In applications with moderate power
dissipation and low PCB thermal resistance, the maximum
ambient temperature can exceed the maximum limit as long
as the junction temperature is within specification limits. The
junction temperature (T
ambient temperature (T
(P
), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the
D
package (θ
T
and PD using the following formula:
A
). TJ is calculated from
JA
= TA + (PD × θJA)
T
J
) of the device is dependent on the
J
), the power dissipation of the device
A
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θ
modeling and calculation using a four-layer board. The
junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly dependent
on the application and board layout. In applications where high
maximum power dissipation exists, close attention to thermal
board design is required. The value of θ
is within the specified
J
, is based on
JA
may vary, depending
JA
on PCB material, layout, and environmental conditions. The
specified values of θ
are based on a 4-layer, 4” × 3”, circuit
JA
board. Refer to JESD 51-7 and JESD 51-9 for detailed
information on the board construction. For additional
information, see AN-617 Application Note, MicroCSP
TM
Wafer
Level Chip Scale Package.
Ψ
is the junction-to-board thermal characterization parameter
JB
measured in °C/W. Ψ
is based on modeling and calculation
JB
using a four-layer board. The JESD51-12 Guidelines for Reporting and Using Package Thermal Information states that thermal
characterization parameters are not the same as thermal
resistances. Ψ
measures the component power flowing
JB
through multiple thermal paths rather than a single path as in
thermal resistance, θ
. Therefore, ΨJB thermal paths include
JB
convection from the top of the package as well as radiation
from the package, factors that make Ψ
world applications. Maximum T
temperature (T
= TB + (PD × ΨJB)
T
J
) and PD using the following formula:
B
more useful in real-
JB
is calculated from the board
J
Refer to JESD51-8 and JESD51-12 for more detailed
information about Ψ
.
JB
THERMAL RESISTANCE
θJA and ΨJB are specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a
device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
1 A1 VIN Regulator Input Supply. Bypass VIN to GND with a 1 µF or larger capacitor.
2 B2 GND Ground.
3 B1 EN
Enable Input. Drive EN high to turn on the regulator; drive EN low to turn off the regulator. For automatic
startup, connect EN to VIN.
4 N/A NC No Connect. Not connected internally.
5 A2 VOUT Regulated Output Voltage. Bypass VOUT to GND with a 1 µF or greater capacitor.
5
4
VOUT
NC
VINVOUT
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
ENGND
B
06901-003
06901-004
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 20
Page 7
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
VIN = 2.3 V, V
1.804
1.802
1.800
1.798
1.796
(V)
OUT
1.794
V
1.792
1.790
1.788
1.786
= 1.8 V, I
OUT
V
= 1.8V
OUT
V
= 2.3V
IN
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
–40°C–5°C25° C85°C125°C
= 10 mA, CIN = C
OUT
= 10µA
= 100µA
= 1mA
= 10mA
= 100mA
= 150mA
= 1 µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
OUT
T
(°C)
J
Figure 5. Output Voltage vs. Junction Temperature
40
V
= 1.8V
OUT
V
= 2.3V
IN
35
30
25
20
15
GROUND CURRENT (µA)
10
5
0
–40°C–5°C25° C85°C125°C
06901-005
T
(°C)
J
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
= 10µA
= 100µA
= 1mA
= 10mA
= 100mA
= 150mA
06901-008
Figure 8. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature
1.806
V
= 1.8V
OUT
V
= 2.3V
IN
T
= 25°C
1.804
A
1.802
(V)
1.800
OUT
V
1.798
1.796
1.794
0.0010.010.11101001000
I
LOAD
(mA)
Figure 6. Output Voltage vs. Load Current
1.806
V
= 1.8V
OUT
T
= 25°C
A
1.804
1.802
(V)
1.800
OUT
V
1.798
1.796
1.794
2.32.73.13.53.94.34.75.15.5
V
(V)
IN
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
= 10µA
= 100µA
= 1mA
= 10mA
= 50mA
= 100mA
Figure 7. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage
35
V
= 1.8V
OUT
V
= 2.3V
IN
30
T
= 25°C
A
25
20
15
10
GROUND CURRENT (µA)
5
0
0.0010.010.11101001000
06901-006
I
LOAD
(mA)
06901-009
Figure 9. Ground Current vs. Load Current
35
30
25
20
15
10
GROUND CURRENT (µA)
5
0
2.32. 73.13.53.94.34.75. 15.5
06901-007
V
(V)
IN
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
V
OUT
T
= 25°C
A
= 10µA
= 100µA
= 1mA
= 10mA
= 100mA
= 150mA
= 1.8V
06901-010
Figure 10. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 20
Page 8
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
VIN = 2.30
= 2.50
V
IN
= 3.00
V
IN
= 3.50
V
IN
= 4.20
V
IN
= 5.50
V
IN
140
TA = 25°C
120
100
80
(mV)
0.15
0.10
SHUTDOWN CURRENT ( µA)
0.05
0
–50–250255075100125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
06901-011
Figure 11. Shutdown Current vs. Temperature at Various Input Voltages
180
TA = 25°C
160
140
120
(mV)
100
80
DROPOUT
V
60
40
20
0
1101001000
V
I
OUT
LOAD
= 2.5V
(mA)
V
= 3.3V
OUT
Figure 12. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current, TSOT
60
DROPOUT
V
40
20
0
1101001000
V
= 2.5V
OUT
V
= 3.3V
OUT
(mA)
I
LOAD
06901-012
Figure 14. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current, WLCSP
3.35
3.30
3.25
(V)
3.20
OUT
V
3.15
3.10
3.05
3.203.253.303.353.403.453.503.553.60
06901-018
(V)
V
IN
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
= 3.3V
OUT
T
= 25°C
A
@ 1mA
@ 10mA
@ 20mA
@ 50mA
@ 100mA
@ 150mA
06901-013
Figure 15. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage (In Dropout), WLCSP
3.35
3.30
3.25
(V)
3.20
OUT
V
3.15
3.10
3.05
3.203.253.303.353.403.453.503.553.60
(V)
V
IN
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
= 3.3V
OUT
T
= 25°C
A
@ 1mA
@ 10mA
@ 20mA
@ 50mA
@ 100mA
@ 150mA
06901-019
Figure 13. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage (In Dropout), TSOT
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 20
60
50
40
30
20
GROUND CURRENT (µA)
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
= 1mA
= 10mA
= 20mA
10
0
3.203.253.303.353.403.453.503.553.60
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
I
LOAD
= 50mA
= 100mA
= 150mA
(V)
V
IN
V
OUT
T
A
= 3.3V
= 25°C
Figure 16. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (In Dropout)
06901-020
Page 9
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
0
V
= 50mV
RIPPLE
–10
V
= 5V
IN
V
= 1.2V
OUT
–20
C
= 1µF
OUT
–30
–40
–50
PSRR (dB)
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
101001k10k100k1M10M
150mA
100mA
10mA
1mA
100µA
0µA
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 17. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency
06901-014
0
3.3V/150mA
–20
–40
–60
PSRR (dB)
–80
–100
–120
3.3V/100µA
101001k10k100k1M10M
1.2V/150mA
1.2V/100µA
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1.8V/150mA
1.8V/100µA
06901-017
Figure 20. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency, at Various Output
Voltages and Load Currents
0
V
= 50mV
RIPPLE
–10
V
= 5V
IN
V
= 1.8V
OUT
–20
C
= 1µF
OUT
–30
–40
–50
PSRR (dB)
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
101001k10k100k1M10M
150mA
100mA
10mA
1mA
100µA
0µA
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 18. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency
0
V
= 50mV
RIPPLE
–10
V
= 5V
IN
V
= 3.3V
OUT
–20
C
= 1µF
OUT
–30
–40
–50
PSRR (dB)
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
101001k10k100k1M10M
150mA
100mA
10mA
1mA
100µA
0µA
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 19. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency
10
1.2V
1.8V
3.3V
1
(µV/√Hz)
0.1
0
101001k10k100k
06901-015
Figure 21. Output Noise Spectrum, VIN = 5 V, I
70
60
50
40
(V rms)
30
NOISE
OUT
20
10
0
0.0010.010. 11101001000
06901-016
Figure 22. Output Noise vs. Load Current and Output Voltage, VIN = 5 V, C
FREQUENCY (Hz)
(mA)
I
LOAD
= 10 mA, C
LOAD
3.3V
2.5V
1.8V
1.5V
1.2V
OUT
= 1 F
= 1 F
OUT
06901-021
06901-022
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 20
Page 10
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
I
= 1µF
LOAD
2V/µs
V
I
LOAD
2V/µs
OUT
(4µs/DIV)
06901-037
V
= 1.8V,
OUT
C
= C
= 1µF
IN
OUT
1mA TO 150mA LO AD STEP,
(150mA/DIV)(50mV/DIV)
2.5A/µs
V
OUT
(40µs/DIV )
Figure 23. Load Transient Response, CIN = C
1mA TO 150mA LO AD STEP,
(150mA/DIV)(50mV/DIV)
2.5A/µs
I
LOAD
VIN = 5V
V
= 1.8V
OUT
= 1 F
OUT
I
LOAD
4V TO 5V INPUT VOL TAGE STEP,
(1V/DIV)(10mV/DIV)
V
= 1.8V,
OUT
C
= C
IN
OUT
06901-024
Figure 25. Line Transient Response, Load Current = 150 mA
(1V/DIV)(10mV/DIV)
4V TO 5V INPUT VOLTAGE STEP,
V
OUT
(40µs/DIV)
Figure 24. Load Transient Response, CIN = C
VIN = 5V
V
= 1.8V
OUT
= 4.7 F
OUT
06901-025
Figure 26. Line Transient Response, Load Current = 1 mA
V
OUT
(10µs/DIV)
06901-038
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 20
Page 11
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADP121 is a low quiescent current, low dropout linear
regulators that operate from 2.3 V to 5.5 V and provide up
to 150 mA of output current. Drawing a low 30 A quiescent
current (typical) at full load makes the ADP121 ideal for batteryoperated portable equipment. Shutdown current consumption
is typically 100 nA.
Optimized for use with small 1 µF ceramic capacitors,
the ADP121 provides excellent transient performance.
VOUTVIN
R1
GND
EN
SHORT CIRCUIT ,
UVLO, AND
THERMAL
PROTECT
SHUTDOWN
Figure 27. Internal Block Diagram
0.8V REFERENCE
R2
6901-023
Internally, the ADP121 consists of a reference, an error amplifier,
a feedback voltage divider, and a PMOS pass transistor. Output
current is delivered via the PMOS pass device, which is controlled by the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the
reference voltage with the feedback voltage from the output and
amplifies the difference. If the feedback voltage is lower than
the reference voltage, the gate of the PMOS device is pulled
lower, allowing more current to flow and increasing the output
voltage. If the feedback voltage is higher than the reference
voltage, the gate of the PMOS device is pulled higher, allowing
less current to flow and decreasing the output voltage.
The ADP121 is available in 16 output voltage options ranging
from 1.2 V to 3.3 V. The ADP121 uses the EN pin to enable and
disable the VOUT pin under normal operating conditions.
When EN is high, VOUT turns on; when EN is low, VOUT
turns off. For automatic startup, EN can be tied to VIN.
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 20
Page 12
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
CAPACITOR SELECTION
Output Capacitor
The ADP121 is designed for operation with small, space-saving
ceramic capacitors, but functions with most commonly used
capacitors as long as care is taken with the effective series resistance
(ESR) value. The ESR of the output capacitor affects stability of the
LDO control loop. A minimum of 0.70 µF capacitance with an
ESR of 1 Ω or less is recommended to ensure stability of the
ADP121. The transient response to changes in load current is
also affected by output capacitance. Using a larger value of output
capacitance improves the transient response of the ADP121 to
large changes in the load current. Figure 28 and Figure 29 show
the transient responses for output capacitance values of 1 µF and
4.7 µF, respectively.
I
LOAD
1mA TO 150mA LO AD STEP,
(150mA/DIV)(50mV/DIV)
V
= 1.8V,
OUT
C
= C
= 1µF
IN
OUT
Figure 28. Output Transient Response, C
I
LOAD
2.5A/µs
V
OUT
(400ns/DIV )
1mA TO 150mA LO AD STEP,
2.5A/µs
OUT
= 1 µF
CH1 MEAN
115.7mA
06901-039
Input Bypass Capacitor
Connecting a 1 µF capacitor from VIN to GND reduces the
circuit sensitivity to the printed circuit board (PCB) layout,
especially when long input traces or high source impedance
is encountered. If output capacitance greater than 1 µF is
required, the input capacitor should be increased to match it.
Input and Output Capacitor Properties
Any good quality ceramic capacitor can be used with the
ADP121, as long as it meets the minimum capacitance and
maximum ESR requirements. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with a different behavior
over temperature and applied voltage. Capacitors must have an
adequate dielectric to ensure the minimum capacitance over
the necessary temperature range and dc bias conditions. X5R
or X7R dielectrics with a voltage rating of 6.3 V or 10 V are
recommended. Y5V and Z5U dielectrics are not recommended,
due to their poor temperature and dc bias characteristics.
Figure 30 depicts the capacitance vs. voltage bias characteristic
of an 0402 1 µF, 10 V, X5R capacitor. The voltage stability of a
capacitor is strongly influenced by the capacitor size and voltage
rating. In general, a capacitor in a larger package or higher voltage
rating exhibits better stability. The temperature variation of the
X5R dielectric is about ±15% over the −40°C to +85°C temperature range and is not a function of package or voltage rating.
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
CAPACITANCE (µF)
(150mA/DIV)(50mV/DIV)
V
OUT
V
= 1.8V,
OUT
C
= C
= 4.7µF
IN
OUT
(400ns/DIV )
Figure 29. Output Transient Response, C
= 4.7 µF
OUT
06901-040
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 20
0.2
0
02 468
VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 30. Capacitance vs. Voltage Bias Characteristic
10
06901-036
Page 13
ADP121
V
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Equation 1 can be used to determine the worst-case capacitance
accounting for capacitor variation over temperature, component tolerance, and voltage.
C
= C
EFF
× (1 − TEMPCO) × (1 − TOL) (1)
BIAS
where:
C
is the effective capacitance at the operating voltage.
BIAS
TEMPCO is the worst-case capacitor temperature coefficient.
TOL is the worst-case component tolerance.
In this example, TEMPCO over −40°C to +85°C is assumed to
be 15% for an X5R dielectric. TOL is assumed to be 10%, and
C
is 0.94 F at 1.8 V from the graph in Figure 30.
BIAS
Substituting these values in Equation 1 yields
C
= 0.94 F × (1 − 0.15) × (1 − 0.1) = 0.719 F
EFF
Therefore, the capacitor chosen in this example meets the
minimum capacitance requirement of the LDO over
temperature and tolerance at the chosen output voltage.
To guarantee the performance of the ADP121, it is imperative
that the effects of dc bias, temperature, and tolerances on the
behavior of the capacitors are evaluated for each application.
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
The ADP121 has an internal undervoltage lockout circuit that
disables all inputs and the output when the input voltage is less
than approximately 2.2 V. This ensures that the inputs of the
ADP121 and the output behave in a predictable manner during
power-up.
ENABLE FEATURE
The ADP121 uses the EN pin to enable and disable the VOUT
pin under normal operating conditions. Figure 31 shows a
rising voltage on EN crossing the active threshold, and then
VOUT turns on. When a falling voltage on EN crosses the
inactive threshold, VOUT turns off.
As shown in Figure 31, the EN pin has built in hysteresis. This
prevents on/off oscillations that may occur due to noise on the
EN pin as it passes through the threshold points.
The active/inactive thresholds of the EN pin are derived from
the VIN voltage. Therefore, these thresholds vary with changing
input voltage. Figure 32 shows typical EN active/inactive thresholds
when the input voltage varies from 2.3 V to 5.5 V.
Figure 32. Typical EN Pin Thresholds vs. Input Voltage
The ADP121 utilizes an internal soft start to limit the inrush
current when the output is enabled. The start-up time for the
1.8 V option is approximately 120 µs from the time the EN
active threshold is crossed to when the output reaches 90% of its
final value. The start-up time is somewhat dependant on the
output voltage setting and increases slightly as the output
voltage increases.
6
5
4
EN
VIN = 5V
= 1.8V
V
OUT
= C
IN
LOAD
= 1µF
OUT
= 100mA
EN
40ms/DIV
VOUT
06901-026
C
I
500mV/DI
Figure 31. ADP121 Typical EN Pin Operation
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 20
3
VOLTAGE (V)
2
1
0
020406080100 120 140 160 180 200
3.3V
1.8V
1.2V
(µs)
Figure 33. Typical Start-Up Time
06901-041
Page 14
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CURRENT LIMIT AND THERMAL OVERLOAD
PROTECTION
The ADP121 is protected against damage due to excessive
power dissipation by current and thermal overload protection
circuits. The ADP121 is designed to current limit when the
output load reaches 225 mA (typical). When the output load
exceeds 225 mA, the output voltage is reduced to maintain a
constant current limit.
Thermal overload protection is built-in, which limits the
junction temperature to a maximum of 150°C (typical). Under
extreme conditions (that is, high ambient temperature and
power dissipation) when the junction temperature starts to
rise above 150°C, the output is turned off, reducing the output
current to zero. When the junction temperature drops below
135°C, the output is turned on again and output current is
restored to its nominal value.
Consider the case where a hard short from VOUT to GND
occurs. At first, the ADP121 current limits, so that only
225 mA is conducted into the short. If self-heating of the
junction is great enough to cause its temperature to rise above
150°C, thermal shutdown activates turning off the output and
reducing the output current to zero. As the junction temperature cools and drops below 135°C, the output turns on and
conducts 225 mA into the short, again causing the junction
temperature to rise above 150°C. This thermal oscillation
between 135°C and 150°C causes a current oscillation
between 225 mA and 0 mA that continues as long as the
short remains at the output.
Current and thermal limit protections are intended to protect
the device against accidental overload conditions. For reliable
operation, device power dissipation must be externally limited
so junction temperatures do not exceed 125°C.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
In most applications, the ADP121 does not dissipate a lot of
heat due to high efficiency. However, in applications with a high
ambient temperature and high supply voltage to an output voltage
differential, the heat dissipated in the package is large enough
that it can cause the junction temperature of the die to exceed
the maximum junction temperature of 125°C.
When the junction temperature exceeds 150°C, the converter
enters thermal shutdown. It recovers only after the junction
temperature has decreased below 135°C to prevent any permanent
damage. Therefore, thermal analysis for the chosen application
is very important to guarantee reliable performance over all
conditions. The junction temperature of the die is the sum of
the ambient temperature of the environment and the temperature rise of the package due to the power dissipation, as shown
in Equation 2.
To guarantee reliable operation, the junction temperature of the
ADP121 must not exceed 125°C. To ensure that the junction
temperature stays below this maximum value, the user needs
to be aware of the parameters that contribute to junction
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 20
temperature changes. These parameters include ambient temperature, power dissipation in the power device, and thermal
resistances between the junction and ambient air (θ
). The θJA
JA
number is dependent on the package assembly compounds used
and the amount of copper to which the GND pins of the package
are soldered on the PCB. Tab l e 5 shows typical θ
various PCB copper sizes and Ta b le 6 shows the typical Ψ
The junction temperature of the ADP121 can be calculated
from the following equation:
T
= TA + (PD × θJA) (2)
J
where:
T
is the ambient temperature.
A
is the power dissipation in the die, given by
P
D
P
= [(VIN − V
D
OUT
) × I
] + (VIN × I
LOAD
) (3)
GND
where:
I
is the load current.
LOAD
is the ground current.
I
GND
V
and V
IN
are input and output voltages, respectively.
OUT
Power dissipation due to ground current is quite small and
can be ignored. Therefore, the junction temperature equation
simplifies to
T
= TA + {[(VIN − V
J
OUT
) × I
] × θJA} (4)
LOAD
As shown in Equation 4, for a given ambient temperature,
input-to-output voltage differential, and continuous load
current, there exists a minimum copper size requirement for
the PCB to ensure that the junction temperature does not rise
above 125°C. Figure 34 to Figure 47 show junction temperature
calculations for different ambient temperatures, load currents,
V
IN
-to-V
differentials, and areas of PCB copper.
OUT
In cases where the board temperature is known, the thermal
characterization parameter, Ψ
junction temperature rise. T
, can be used to estimate the
JB
is calculated from TB and PD using
J
the formula
T
= TB + (PD × ΨJB) (5)
J
Page 15
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
(°C)
J
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
100
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
80
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
60
40
20
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 34. TSOT, 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
(°C)
J
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
100
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
80
LOAD CURRENT
= 150mA
60
06901-028
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
40
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 37. TSOT, 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
06901-031
40
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
20
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 35. TSOT, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
(°C)
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
J
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
100
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
80
60
40
20
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
0
0.51.01. 52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 36. TSOT, 0 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
40
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
06901-029
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
06901-032
Figure 38. TSOT, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
40
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
06901-030
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
06901-033
Figure 39. TSOT, 0 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 20
Page 16
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
(°C)
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
J
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
100
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
80
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
40
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
20
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
0
0.51.01. 52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 40. WLCSP, 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
(°C)
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
J
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
100
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
80
60
40
20
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
0
0.51.01. 52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 41. WLCSP, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
60
40
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
06901-042
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
06901-045
Figure 43. WLCSP, 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
140
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
40
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
06901-043
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
06901-046
Figure 44. WLCSP, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
140
MAX JUNCTION
TEMPERATURE
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
120
(°C)
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT =
10mA
J
100
80
60
40
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
0
0.51.01. 52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 42. WLCSP, 0 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C
06901-044
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 20
140
MAX JUNCTION
TEMPERATURE
120
(°C)
J
100
80
60
40
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
20
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 45. WLCSP, 0 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C
06901-047
Page 17
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
140
120
(°C)
J
100
80
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
60
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
40
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
JUNCTION TEM PERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
20
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
0
0.51.01. 52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 46. TSOT, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 85°C
140
120
(°C)
J
100
80
LOAD CURRENT = 1mA
60
LOAD CURRENT = 10mA
LOAD CURRENT = 25mA
LOAD CURRENT = 50mA
40
LOAD CURRENT = 75mA
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, T
LOAD CURRENT = 100mA
LOAD CURRENT = 150mA
20
MAX JUNCTION T EMPERATURE
0
0.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
V
– V
(V)
IN
OUT
Figure 47. WLCSP, 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 85°C
ANALOG DEVICES
ADP121-xx-EVALZ
C2C1
U1
VINVOUT
06901-048
GND
J1
EN
Figure 48. Example of TSOT PCB Layout
ADP121CB-xx-EVALZ
VIN
GND
06901-049
J1
C1
EN
U1
WLC
SP
C2
GND
VOUT
GNDGND
GND
06901-034
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS
Heat dissipation from the package can be improved by increasing
the amount of copper attached to the pins of the ADP121. However, as can be seen from Tabl e 5 and Tabl e 6, a point of
diminishing returns is eventually reached, beyond which
an increase in the copper size does not yield significant heat
dissipation benefits.
Place the input capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and
GND pins. Place the output capacitor as close as possible to the
VOUT and GND pins. Use 0402 or 0603 size capacitors and
resistors to achieve the smallest possible footprint solution on
boards where area is limited.
Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 20
06901-035
Figure 49. Example of WLCSP PCB Layout
Page 18
ADP121
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
2.90 BSC
54
0.50
0.30
2.80 BSC
0.95 BSC
*
1.00 MAX
SEATING
PLANE
(UJ-5)
0.660
0.600
0.540
0.20
0.08
SEATING
PLANE
8°
4°
0°
0.60
0.45
0.30
12
1.60 BSC
123
PIN 1
*
0.90
0.87
0.84
0.10 MAX
*
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-193-AB WITH
THE EXCEPTION OF PACKAGE HEIGHT AND THICKNESS.
1.90
BSC
Figure 50. 5-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package [TSOT]