ADC0844/ADC0848
8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with Multiplexer
Options
ADC0844/ADC0848 8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options
June 1999
General Description
The ADC0844 and ADC0848 are CMOS 8-bit successive
approximation A/D converters with versatile analog input
multiplexers. The 4-channel or 8-channel multiplexers can
be software configured for single-ended, differential or
pseudo-differential modes of operation.
The differential mode provides low frequency input common
mode rejection and allows offsetting the analog range of the
converter. In addition, the A/D’s reference can be adjusted
enabling the conversion of reduced analog ranges with 8-bit
resolution.
The A/Ds are designed to operate from the control bus of a
wide variety of microprocessors. TRI-STATE output latches
that directly drive the data bus permit the A/Ds to be configured as memory locations or I/O devices to the microprocessor with no interface logic necessary.
Block and Connection Diagrams
Features
n Easy interface to all microprocessors
n Operates ratiometrically or with 5 V
voltage reference
n No zero or full-scale adjust required
n 4-channel or 8-channel multiplexer with address logic
n Internal clock
n 0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply
n 0.3" standard width 20-pin or 24-pin DIP
n 28 Pin Molded Chip Carrier Package
DC
Key Specifications
n Resolution8 Bits
n Total Unadjusted Error
n Single Supply5 V
n Low Power15 mW
n Conversion Time40 µs
1
±
⁄2LSB and±1 LSB
DC
DS005016-1
*ADC0848 shown in DIP Package CH5-CH8 not included on the ADC0844
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage (V
Voltage
Logic Control Inputs−0.3V to +15V
At Other Inputs and Outputs−0.3V to V
Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3)5 mA
Package Input Current (Note 3)20 mA
Storage Temperature−65˚C to +150˚C
Package Dissipation at T
ESD Susceptibility (Note 4)800V
ADC0844CCJ
Minimum Reference2.41.12.41.21.1kΩ
Input Resistance
Maximum Reference2.45.92.45.45.9kΩ
Input Resistance
Maximum Common-Mode(Note 9)V
Input Voltage
Minimum Common-Mode(Note 9)GND−0.05GND−0.05GND−0.05V
Input Voltage
DC Common-Mode ErrorDifferential Mode
Power Supply SensitivityV
Off Channel Leakage(Note 10)
CurrentOn Channel=5V,−1−0.1−1µA
Off Channel=0V
On Channel=0V,10.11µA
Off Channel=5V
VIN=0V−0.005−1−0.005−1µA
=−360 µA2.42.82.4V
OUT
=−10 µA4.54.64.5V
I
OUT
MIN
to T
MAX
1
±
⁄
2
±
1LSB
1
±
⁄
4
1
±
⁄
8
; all
Limit
Units
LSB
LSB
LSB
DC
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Page 4
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
The following specifications apply for VCC=5VDCunless otherwise specified.Boldface limits apply from T
other limits T
ADC0844/ADC0848
DIGITAL AND DC CHARACTERISTICS
V
OUT(0)
Output Voltage (Max)I
I
, TRI-STATE OutputV
OUT
Current (Max)V
I
SOURCE
Current (Min)
, Output SinkV
I
SINK
Current (Min)
, Supply Current (Max)CS =1, V
I
CC
ParameterConditions
, Logical “0”VCC=4.75V0.40.340.4V
, Output SourceV
A=Tj
= 25˚C.
ADC0844BCJ
ADC0844CCJ
ADC0848BCN, ADC0848CCN
ADC0848BCV, ADC0848CCV
TypTestedDesignTypTestedDesign
(Note 5)LimitLimit(Note 5)LimitLimit
(Note 6)(Note 7)(Note 6)(Note 7)
=1.6 mA
OUT
=0V−0.01−3−0.01−0.3−3µA
OUT
=5V0.0130.010.33µA
OUT
=0V−14−6.5−14−7.5−6.5mA
OUT
OUT=VCC
Open
REF
168.0169.08.0mA
12.512.32.5mA
ADC0844CCN
MIN
to T
AC Electrical Characteristics
The following specifications apply for VCC=5VDC,tr=tf= 10 ns unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply from T
to T
t
C
t
W(WR)
t
ACC
RD to Output Data Valid)
t
1H,t0H
Edge of RD to Hi-Z State)
t
WI,tRI
Reset of INTR
tDS, Minimum Data Set-Up Time(Note 11)50100ns
t
DH
C
IN
C
OUT
; all other limits TA=Tj= 25˚C.
MAX
TestedDesign
ParameterConditionsTypLimitLimitUnits
(Note 5)(Note 6)(Note 7)
, Maximum Conversion Time (See Graph)304060µs
, Minimum WR Pulse Width(Note 11)50150ns
, Maximum Access Time (Delay from Falling Edge ofCL= 100 pF145225ns
(Note 11)
, TRI-STATE Control (Maximum Delay from RisingCL= 10 pF, RL= 10k125200ns
(Note 11)
, Maximum Delay from Falling Edge of WR or RD to(Note 11)200400ns
, Minimum Data Hold Time(Note 11)050ns
, Capacitance of Logic Inputs5pF
, Capacitance of Logic Outputs5pF
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratingsindicate limits beyond which damageto the device may occur. DC andAC electrical specificationsdo not apply when operating
the device beyond its specified operating conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pins.
Note 3: When the input voltage (V
to 5 mA or less. The 20 mA package input current limits the number of pins that can exceed the power supply boundaries witha5mAcurrent limit to four.
Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 5: Typicals are at 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 7: Design limits are guaranteed by not 100% tested. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 8: Total unadjusted error includes offset, full-scale, linearity, and multiplexer error.
Note 9: For V
voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greaterthan V
can cause this input diode to conduct, especially at elevated temperatures, and cause errors for analog inputs near full-scale. The spec allows 50 mV forward bias
of either diode. This means that as long as the analog V
absolute 0 V
Note 10: Off channel leakage current is measured after the channel selection.
Note 11: The temperature coefficient is 0.3%/˚C.
(−) ≥ VIN(+) the digital outputcode will be 0000 0000. Twoon-chip diodes are tied to each analog input, which will forward-conduct for analog input
IN
to5VDCinput voltage range willtherefore require a minimum supply voltage of4.950 VDCover temperature variations, initialtolerance and loading.
DC
) at any pin exceeds the power supply rails (V
IN
CC
does not exceed the supply voltage by more than 50 mV, the output code will be correct. To achieve an
IN
<
IN
supply.Be careful during testingat low VCClevels (4.5V), as high level analog inputs (5V)
V−or V
>
V+) the absolute value of the current at that pinshould be limited
IN
MAX
; all
Limit
Units
MIN
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Typical Performance Characteristics
ADC0844/ADC0848
Logic Input Threshold
Voltage vs Supply Voltage
Linearity Error vs V
REF
DS005016-31
Output Current vs
Temperature
DS005016-32
Conversion Time vs V
Power Supply Current vs
Temperature
DS005016-33
SUPPLY
Conversion Time vs
Temperature
DS005016-34
DS005016-36
Unadjusted Offset Error vs
V
Voltage
REF
DS005016-35
DS005016-37
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Page 6
TRI-STATE Test Circuits and Waveforms
t
1H
ADC0844/ADC0848
t
0H
Leakage Current Test Circuit
DS005016-4
DS005016-6
t1H,CL=10pF
DS005016-5
tr=20ns
t0H,CL=10pF
DS005016-7
tr=20ns
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DS005016-8
Page 7
Timing Diagrams
Programming New Channel Configuration and Starting a Conversion
Note 12: Read strobe must occur at least 600 ns after the assertion of interrupt to guarantee reset of INTR .
Note 13: MA stands for MUX address.
Using the Previously Selected Channel Configuration and Starting a Conversion
ADC0844/ADC0848
DS005016-9
DS005016-10
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Page 8
ADC0848 Functional Block Diagram
ADC0844/ADC0848
DS005016-11
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Page 9
Functional Description
The ADC0844 and ADC0848 contain a 4-channel and
8-channel analog input multiplexer (MUX) respectively. Each
MUX can be configured into one of three modes of operation
differential, pseudo-differential, and single ended. These
modes are discussed in the Applications Information Section. The specific mode is selected by loading the MUX
address latch with the proper address (see
Table 2
). Inputs to the MUX address latch (MA0-MA4) are
common with data bus lines (DB0-DB4) and are enabled
when the RD line is high. A conversion is initiated via the CS
and WR lines. If the data from a previous conversion is not
read, the INTR line will be low. The falling edge of WR will
reset the INTR line high and ready the A/D for a conversion
cycle. The rising edge of WR, with RD high, strobes the data
on the MA0/DB0-MA4/DB4 inputs into the MUX address
latch to select a new input configuration and start a conversion. If the RD line is held low during the entire low period of
WR the previous MUX configuration is retained, and the data
of the previous conversion is the output on lines DB0-DB7.
After the conversion cycle (t
internal clock frequency, the digital data is transferred to the
output latch and the INTR is asserted low. Taking CS and RD
low resets INTR output high and outputs the conversion
result on the data lines (DB0-DB7).
≤ 40 µs), which is set by the
C
Table 1
and
Applications Information
1.0 MULTIPLEXER CONFIGURATION
The design of these converters utilizes a sampled-data comparator structure which allows a differential analog input to
be converted by a successive approximation routine.
TABLE 1. ADC0844 MUX ADDRESSING
The actual voltage converted is always the difference between an assigned “+” input terminal and a “−” input terminal.
The polarity of each input terminal of the pair being converted indicates which line the converter expects to be the
most positive. If the assigned “+” input is less than the “−”
input the converter responds with an all zeros output code.
A unique input multiplexing scheme has been utilized to
provide multiple analog channels. The input channels can be
software configured into three modes: differential, single
ended, or pseudo-differential.
modes using the 4-channel MUX ADC0844. The eight inputs
of the ADC0848 can also be configured in any of the three
modes. In the differential mode, theADC0844 channel inputs
are grouped in pairs, CH1 with CH2 and CH3 with CH4. The
polarity assignment of each channel in the pair is interchangeable. The single-ended mode has CH1–CH4 assigned as the positive input with the negative input being the
analog ground (AGND) of the device. Finally, in the
pseudo-differential mode CH1–CH3 are positive inputs referenced to CH4 which is now a pseudo-ground. This
pseudo-ground input can be set to any potential within the
input common-mode range of the converter. The analog
signal conditioning required in transducer-based data acquisition systems is significantly simplified with this type of input
flexibility. One converter package can now handle ground
referenced inputs and true differential inputs as well as
signals with some arbitrary reference voltage.
The analog input voltages for each channel can range from
50 mV below ground to 50 mV above V
without degrading conversion accuracy.
The voltage applied to the reference input of these converters defines the voltage span of the analog input (the difference between V
possible output codes apply. The devices can be used in
either ratiometric applications or in systems requiring absolute accuracy. The reference pin must be connected to a
voltage source capable of driving the minimum reference
input resistance of 1.1 kΩ. This pin is the top of a resistor
divider string used for the successive approximation conversion.
In a ratiometric system (
is proportional to the voltage used for the A/D reference. This
voltage is typically the system power supply, so the V
can be tied to V
requirements of the system reference as the analog input
and A/D reference move together maintaining the same
output code for a given input condition.
For absolute accuracy (
varies between very specific voltage limits, the reference pin
can be biased with a time and temperature stable voltage
source. The LM385 and LM336 reference diodes are good
low current devices to use with these converters.
The maximum value of the reference is limited to the V
supply voltage. The minimum value, however, can be quite
small (see Typical Performance Characteristics) to allow
direct conversions of transducer outputs providing less than
a 5V output span. Particular care must be taken with regard
to noise pickup, circuit layout and system error voltage
sources when operating with a reduced span due to the
increased sensitivity of the converter (1 LSB equals V
256).
and V
IN(MAX)
Figure 2a
. This technique relaxes the stability
CC
Figure 2b
) over which the 256
IN(MIN)
), the analog input voltage
), where the analog input
REF
REF
pin
CC
2 Differential
DS005016-13
Combined
DS005016-15
3.0 THE ANALOG INPUTS
3.1 Analog Differential Voltage Inputs and
Common-Mode Rejection
The differential input of these converters actually reduces
the effects of common-mode input noise, a signal common
to both selected “+” and “−” inputs for a conversion (60 Hz is
most typical). The time interval between sampling the “+”
input and then the “−” inputs is
1
⁄2of a clock period. The
change in the common-mode voltage during this short time
interval can cause conversion errors. For a sinusoidal
common-mode signal this error is:
DS005016-38
where f
V
peak
For a 60 Hz common-mode signal to generate a
is the frequency of the common-mode signal,
CM
is its peak voltage value and tCis the conversion time.
1
⁄4LSB error
(≈5 mV) with the converter running at 40 µS, its peak value
would have to be 5.43V.This large a common-mode signal is
much greater than that generally found in a well designed
data acquisition system.
Due to the sampling nature of the analog inputs, short duration spikes of current enter the “+” input and exit the “−” input
at the clock edges during the actual conversion. These
currents decay rapidly and do not cause errors as the internal comparator is strobed at the end of a clock period.
Bypass capacitors at the inputs will average these currents
and cause an effective DC current to flow through the output
resistance of the analog signal source. Bypass capacitors
should not be used if the source resistance is greater than
1kΩ.
3.3 Input Source Resistance
The limitation of the input source resistance due to the DC
leakage currents of the input multiplexer is important. A
worst-case leakage current of
±
1 µA over temperature will
createa1mVinput error witha1kΩsource resistance. An
op amp RC active low pass filter can provide both impedance buffering and noise filtering should a high impedance
signal source be required.
4.0 OPTIONAL ADJUSTMENTS
4.1 Zero Error
The zero of the A/D does not require adjustment. If the
minimum analog input voltage value, V
, is not ground,
IN(MIN)
a zero offset can be done. The converter can be made to
output 0000 0000 digital code for this minimum input voltage
by biasing any V
(−) input at this V
IN
IN(MIN)
value. This is
useful for either differential or pseudo-differential modes of
input channel configuration.
The zero error of the A/D converter relates to the location of
the first riser of the transfer function and can be measured by
grounding the V
positive voltage to the V
−
input and applying a small magnitude
+
input. Zero error is the difference
between actual DC input voltage which is necessary to just
cause an output digital code transition from 0000 0000 to
0000 0001 and the ideal
V
=5.000 VDC).
REF
1
⁄2LSB value (1⁄2LSB=9.8 mV for
4.2 Full-Scale
The full-scale adjustment can be made by applying a differential input voltage which is 1
1
⁄2LSB down from the desired
analog full-scale voltage range and then adjusting the magnitude of the V
input for a digital output code changing
REF
from 1111 1110 to 1111 1111.
4.3 Adjusting for an Arbitrary Analog Input Voltage
Range
If the analog zero voltage of the A/D is shifted away from
ground (for example, to accommodate an analog input signal
which does not go to ground), this new zero reference
should be properly adjusted first. A V
equals this desired zero reference plus
(+) voltage which
IN
1
⁄2LSB (where the
LSB is calculated for the desired analog span, 1 LSB =
analog span/256) is applied to selected “+” input and the
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Page 12
Applications Information (Continued)
zero reference voltage at the corresponding “−” input should
then be adjusted to just obtain the 00
transition.
ADC0844/ADC0848
a) Ratiometric
HEX
to 01
DS005016-16
code
HEX
b) Absolute with a Reduced Span
FIGURE 2. Referencing Examples
DS005016-17
The full-scale adjustment should be made [with the proper
V
(−) voltage applied] by forcing a voltage to the VIN(+)
IN
input which is given by:
where V
V
MIN
=the high end of the analog input range and
MAX
=the low end (the offset zero) of the analog range. (Both
are ground referenced.)
Zero-Shift and Span Adjust (2V≤V
The V
change from FE
(or VCC) voltage is then adjusted to provide a code
REF
HEX
to FF
. This completes the adjust-
HEX
ment procedure.
For an example see the Zero-Shift and Span Adjust circuit
below.
≤5V)
IN
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DS005016-18
Page 13
Applications Information (Continued)
Differential Voltage Input 9-Bit A/D
Span Adjust (0V≤VIN≤3V)
ADC0844/ADC0848
DS005016-19
Diodes are 1N914
DS005016-20
Protecting the Input
DS005016-21
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Page 14
Applications Information (Continued)
ADC0844/ADC0848
DO=all 1s if VIN(+)>VIN(−)
DO=all 0s if V
(+)<VIN(−)
IN
Operating with Automotive Ratiometric Transducers
High Accuracy Comparators
DS005016-22
*VIN(−)=0.15 V
15% of VCC≤V
CC
≤85% of V
XDR
CC
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DS005016-23
Page 15
Applications Information (Continued)
A Stand Alone Circuit
ADC0844/ADC0848
Note: DUT pin numbers in parentheses are for ADC0844, others are for ADC0848.
Start a Conversion without Updating the Channel Configuration
CS•WR will update the channel configuration and start a conversion.
CS•RD will read the conversion data and start a new conversion without updating the channel configuration.
Waiting for the end of this conversion is not necessary. A CS•WR can immediately follow the CS•RD .
DS005016-25
DS005016-26
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Page 16
Applications Information (Continued)
ADC0844/ADC0848
ADC0844—INS8039 Interface
DS005016-27
SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR ADC0844— INS8039 INTERFACE
CONVERTING TWO RATIOMETRIC, DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALS
ORG0H
000004 10JMPBEGIN;START PROGRAM AT ADDR 10
ORG10H;MAIN PROGRAM
0010B9 FFBEGIN:MOVR1,
0012B8 20MOVR0,
001489 FFORLP1,
001623 00MOVA,00H;LOAD THE ACC WITH A/D MUX DATA
001814 50CALLCONV;CALL THE CONVERSION SUBROUTINE
001A23 02MOVA,
001C18INCR0;INCREMENT THE A/D DATA ADDRESS
001D14 50CALLCONV;CALL THE CONVERSION SUBROUTINE
;CONTINUE MAIN PROGRAM
;CONVERSION SUBROUTINE
;ENTRY:ACC—A/D MUX DATA
;EXIT: ACC—CONVERTED DATA
#
0FFH;LOAD R1 WITH A UNUSED ADDR
;LOCATION
#
20H;A/D DATA ADDRESS
#
0FFH;SET PORT 1 OUTPUTS HIGH
;CH1 AND CH2 DIFFERENTIAL
#
02H;LOAD THE ACC WITH A/D MUX DATA
;CH3 AND CH4 DIFFERENTIAL
ORG50H
005099 FECONV:ANLP1,
005291MOVX
005309LOOP:INA,P1;INPUT INTR STATE
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#
0FEH;CHIP SELECT THE A/D
@
R1,A;LOAD A/D MUX & START CONVERSION
Page 17
Applications Information (Continued)
SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR ADC0844—INS8039 INTERFACE
CONVERTING TWO RATIOMETRIC, DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALS (Continued)
005432 53JB1LOOP;IF INTR = 1 GOTO LOOP
005681MOVXA,@R1;IF INTR = 0 INPUT A/D DATA
005789 01ORLP1,&01H;CLEAR THE A/D CHIP SELECT
0059A0MOV
005A83RET;RETURN TO MAIN PROGRAM
I/O Interface to NSC800
@
R0,A;STORE THE A/D DATA
DS005016-28
ADC0844/ADC0848
SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR ADC0848— NSC800 INTERFACE
0008NCONVEQU16
000FDELEQU15;DELAY 50 µsec CONVERSION
001FCSEQU1FH;THE BOARD ADDRESS
3C00ADDTAEQU003CH;START OF RAM FOR A/D
;AND START A CONVERSION
0014'EBEXDE,HL;HL=RAM ADDRESS FOR THE
;A/D DATA
0015'3E 0FLDA,DEL
0017'3DWAIT:DECA;WAIT 50 µsec FOR THE
0018'C2 0013'JPNZ,WAIT;CONVERSION TO FINISH
001B'ED A2INI;STORE THE A/D’S DATA
;CONVERTED ALL INPUTS?
001D'EBEXDE,HL
001E'C2 000E'JPNZ,STCONV;IF NOT GOTO STCONV
END
Note 14: This routine sequentially programs the MUX data latch in the signal-ended mode. For CH1-CH8 a conversion is started, then a 50 µs wait for the A/D to
complete a conversion and the data is stored at address ADDTAfor CH1, ADDTA+ 1 for CH2, etc.
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
ADC0844/ADC0848 8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with Multiplexer Options
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
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