Low cost
33 × 17, fully differential, nonblocking array
>1.5 Gbps per port NRZ data rate
Wide power supply range: +5 V, +3.3 V, −3.3 V, −5 V
Low power
400 mA (outputs enabled)
30 mA (outputs disabled)
PECL and ECL compatible
CMOS/TTL-level control inputs: 3 V to 5 V
Low jitter: <50 ps p-p
No heat sinks required
Drives a backplane directly
Programmable output current
Optimize termination impedance
User-controlled voltage at the load
Minimize power dissipation
Individual output disable for busing and building
Larger arrays
Double row latch
Buffered inputs
Available in 184-lead LQFP
APPLICATIONS
HD and SD digital video
Fiber optic network switching
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
AD81501 is a member of the Xstream line of products and is a
breakthrough in digital switching, offering a large switch array
(33 × 17) on very little power, typically less than 1.5 W.
Additionally, it operates at data rates in excess of 1.5 Gbps per
port, making it suitable for HDTV applications. Further, the
pricing of the AD8150 makes it affordable enough to be used
for SD applications. The AD8150 is also useful for OC-24
optical network switching.
The AD8150’s flexible supply voltages allow the user to operate
with either PECL or ECL data levels and will operate down to
3.3 V for further power reduction. The control interface is
CMOS/TTL compatible (3 V to 5 V).
Its fully differential signal path reduces jitter and crosstalk while
allowing the use of smaller single-ended voltage swings. The
AD8150 is offered in a 184-lead LQFP package that operates
over the industrial temperature range of 0°C to 85°C.
UPDATE
RESET
1
Patent pending.
CS
RE
D
A
WE
500mV
100mV/
500mV
Crosspoint Switch
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
7
5
DIV
FIRST
RANK
LATCH
OUTPUT
ADDRESS
DECODER
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
Figure 2. Output Eye Pattern, 1.5 Gbps
17
7-BIT
SECOND
RANK
×
×
17
7-BIT
LATCH
100ps/DIV
INPUT
DECODERS
AD8150
INPINN
3333
17
33 × 17
DIFFERENTIAL
SWITCH
MATRIX
17
AD8150
OUTP
OUTN
01074-001
01074-002
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication
or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Changes to Ordering Guide.......................................................... 42
Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. A | Page 2 of 44
Page 3
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
SPECIFICATIONS
At 25°C, VCC = 3.3 V to 5 V, VEE = 0 V, RL = 50 Ω (see Figure 25), I
Table 1
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Max Data Rate/Channel (NRZ) 1.5 Gbps
Channel Jitter Data rate < 1.5 Gbps 50 ps p-p
RMS Channel Jitter VCC = 5 V 10 ps
Propagation Delay Input to output 650 ps
Propagation Delay Match 50 100 ps
Output Rise/Fall Time 20% to 80% 100 ps
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Input Voltage Swing Differential 200 1000 mV p-p
Input Voltage Range Common mode VCC − 2 VCC V
Input Bias Current 2 μA
Input Capacitance 2 pF
Input VIN High VCC − 1.2 VCC − 0.2 V
Input VIN Low VCC − 2.4 VCC − 1.4 V
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Swing Differential (see Figure 25) 800 mV p-p
Output Voltage Range VCC − 1.8 VCC V
Output Current 5 25 mA
Output Capacitance 2 pF
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Range
PECL, VCC V
ECL, VEE V
VDD 3 5 V
VSS 0 V
Quiescent Current
VDD 2 mA
VEE All outputs enabled, I
T
All outputs disabled 30 mA
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Temperature Range 0 85 °C
θJA 30 °C/W
LOGIC INPUT CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 3 V dc to 5 V dc
Input VIN High 1.9 VDD V
Input VIN Low 0 0.9 V
= 0 V 3.3 5 V
EE
= 0 V −5 −3.3 V
CC
to T
MIN
450 mA
MAX
= 16 mA, unless otherwise noted.
OUT
= 16 mA 400 mA
OUT
Rev. A | Page 3 of 44
Page 4
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.
Parameter Rating
Supply Voltage VDD − VEE 10.5 V
Internal Power Dissipation1
AD8150 184-Lead Plastic LQFP (ST) 4.2 W
Differential Input Voltage VCC − VEE
Output Short-Circuit Duration
Storage Temperature Range2 −65°C to +125°C
1
Specification is for device in free air (TA = 25°C):
184-lead plastic LQFP (ST): θJA = 30°C/W.
2
Maximum reflow temperatures are to JEDEC industry standard J-STD-020.
Observe power
derating curves
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPIATION
The maximum power that can be safely dissipated by the
AD8150 is limited by the associated rise in junction
temperature. The maximum safe junction temperature for
plastic encapsulated devices is determined by the glass
transition temperature of the plastic, approximately 125°C.
Temporarily exceeding this limit may cause a shift in
parametric performance due to a change in the stresses exerted
on the die by the package. Exceeding a junction temperature of
125°C for an extended period can result in device failure.
While the AD8150 is internally short-circuit protected, this may
not be sufficient to guarantee that the maximum junction
temperature (125°C) is not exceeded under all conditions. To
ensure proper operation, it is necessary to observe the
maximum power derating curves shown in
Figure 3.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
6
5
4
3
2
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W)
1
–109080706050403020100
Figure 3. Maximum Power Dissipation vs. Temperature
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
TJ = 150°C
01074-003
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on
the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
2 IN20P PECL High Speed Input
3 IN20N PECL High Speed Input Complement
5 IN21P PECL High Speed Input
6 IN21N PECL High Speed Input Complement
8 IN22P PECL High Speed Input
9 IN22N PECL High Speed Input Complement
11 IN23P PECL High Speed Input
12 IN23N PECL High Speed Input Complement
14 IN24P PECL High Speed Input
15 IN24N PECL High Speed Input Complement
17 IN25P PECL High Speed Input
18 IN25N PECL High Speed Input Complement
20 IN26P PECL High Speed Input
21 IN26N PECL High Speed Input Complement
23 IN27P PECL High Speed Input
24 IN27N PECL High Speed Input Complement
26 IN28P PECL High Speed Input
27 IN28N PECL High Speed Input Complement
29 IN29P PECL High Speed Input
30 IN29N PECL High Speed Input Complement
32 IN30P PECL High Speed Input
33 IN30N PECL High Speed Input Complement
35 IN31P PECL High Speed Input
36 IN31N PECL High Speed Input Complement
38 IN32P PECL High Speed Input
39 IN32N PECL High Speed Input Complement
41, 98, 149, 171 VCC Power supply Most Positive PECL Supply (common with other points labeled VCC)
43 OUT16N PECL High Speed Output Complement
44 OUT16P PECL High Speed Output
45 VEEA16 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
48 OUT15N PECL High Speed Output Complement
49 OUT15P PECL High Speed Output
50 VEEA15 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
51 OUT14N PECL High Speed Output Complement
52 OUT14P PECL High Speed Output
53 VEEA14 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
54 OUT13N PECL High Speed Output Complement
55 OUT13P PECL High Speed Output
56 VEEA13 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
57 OUT12N PECL High Speed Output Complement
58 OUT12P PECL High Speed Output
59 VEEA12 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
60 OUT11N PECL High Speed Output Complement
61 OUT11P PECL High Speed Output
62 VEEA11 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
63 OUT10N PECL High Speed Output Complement
64 OUT10P PECL High Speed Output
Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (common with other points labeled VEE)
EE
Rev. A | Page 6 of 44
Page 7
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Pin No. Mnemonic Type Description
65 VEEA10 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
66 OUT09N PECL High Speed Output Complement
67 OUT09P PECL High Speed Output
68 VEEA9 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
69 OUT08N PECL High Speed Output Complement
70 OUT08P PECL High Speed Output
71 VEEA8 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
72 OUT07N PECL High Speed Output Complement
73 OUT07P PECL High Speed Output
74 VEEA7 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
75 OUT06N PECL High Speed Output Complement
76 OUT06P PECL High Speed Output
77 VEEA6 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
78 OUT05N PECL High Speed Output Complement
79 OUT05P PECL High Speed Output
80 VEEA5 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
81 OUT04N PECL High Speed Output Complement
82 OUT04P PECL High Speed Output
83 VEEA4 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
84 OUT03N PECL High Speed Output Complement
85 OUT03P PECL High Speed Output
86 VEEA3 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
87 OUT02N PECL High Speed Output Complement
88 OUT02P PECL High Speed Output
89 VEEA2 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
90 OUT01N PECL High Speed Output Complement
91 OUT01P PECL High Speed Output
94 VEEA1 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
95 OUT00N PECL High Speed Output Complement
96 OUT00P PECL High Speed Output
97 VEEA0 Power supply Most Negative PECL Supply (unique to this output)
100 IN00P PECL High Speed Input
101 IN00N PECL High Speed Input Complement
103 IN01P PECL High Speed Input
104 IN01N PECL High Speed Input Complement
106 IN02P PECL High Speed Input
107 IN02N PECL High Speed Input Complement
109 IN03P PECL High Speed Input
110 IN03N PECL High Speed Input Complement
112 IN04P PECL High Speed Input
113 IN04N PECL High Speed Input Complement
115 IN05P PECL High Speed Input
116 IN05N PECL High Speed Input Complement
118 IN06P PECL High Speed Input
119 IN06N PECL High Speed Input Complement
121 IN07P PECL High Speed Input
122 IN07N PECL High Speed Input Complement
124 IN08P PECL High Speed Input
125 IN08N PECL High Speed Input Complement
127 IN09P PECL High Speed Input
128 IN09N PECL High Speed Input Complement
130 IN10P PECL High Speed Input
Rev. A | Page 7 of 44
Page 8
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Pin No. Mnemonic Type Description
131 IN10N PECL High Speed Input Complement
133 IN11P PECL High Speed Input
134 IN11N PECL High Speed Input Complement
136 IN12P PECL High Speed Input
137 IN12N PECL High Speed Input Complement
140 IN13P PECL High Speed Input
141 IN13N PECL High Speed Input Complement
143 IN14P PECL High Speed Input
144 IN14N PECL High Speed Input Complement
146 IN15P PECL High Speed Input
147 IN15N PECL High Speed Input Complement
150 VEEREF R-program
151 REF R-program Connection Point for Output Logic Pull-Down Programming Resistor
152 VSS Power supply Most Negative Control Logic Supply
153 D6 TTL
167
168
169
170 VDD Power supply Most Positive Control Logic Supply
173 IN16P PECL High Speed Input
174 IN16N PECL High Speed Input Complement
176 IN17P PECL High Speed Input
177 IN17N PECL High Speed Input Complement
179 IN18P PECL High Speed Input
180 IN18N PECL High Speed Input Complement
182 IN19P PECL High Speed Input
183 IN19N PECL High Speed Input Complement
UPDATE
WE
RE
CS
RESET
TTL Second-Rank Program
TTL First-Rank Program
TTL Enable Readback
TTL Enable Chip to Accept Programming
TTL Disable All Outputs (Hi-Z)
Connection Point for Output Logic Pull-Down Programming Resistor
(must be connected to V
Enable/DISABLE
Output
)
EE
Rev. A | Page 8 of 44
Page 9
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
100
VEE = –3.3V (VOH– VOL = 800mV)
80
100
VEE = –5V (VOH– VOL = 800mV)
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0–0.2–0.6–0.8–1.0–1.2–0.4–1.4
Figure 5. Jitter vs. V
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
–2.0–1.5–0.50–1.00.5
Figure 6. Jitter vs. V
PK-PK
RMS
(V)
V
OH
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
OH
VEE = –3.3V (VIH– VIL = 800mV)
PK-PK
RMS
(V)
V
IN
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
IH
01074-005
01074-006
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0–0.2–0.6–0.8–1.0–1.2–0.4–1.4
Figure 8. Jitter vs. V
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
–2.0–1.5–0.50–1.00.5
Figure 9. Jitter vs. V
PK-PK
RMS
V
(V)
OH
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
OH
VEE = –5V (VIH– VIL = 800mV)
PK-PK
RMS
V
(V)
IN
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
IH
01074-008
01074-009
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0.11.51.31.10.90.70.50.3
VEE = –3.3V
PK-PK
RMS
DATA RATE (Gbps)
Figure 7. Jitter vs. Data Rate, PRBS 23
01074-007
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0.11.51.31.10.90.70.50.3
Figure 10. Jitter vs. Data Rate, PRBS 23
Rev. A | Page 9 of 44
VEE = –5V
PK-PK
RMS
DATA RATE (Gbps)
01074-010
Page 10
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
100
80
VEE = –3.3V
100
VEE = –5V
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0510152025
Figure 11. Jitter vs. I
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
PK-PK
RMS
(mA)
I
OUT
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
OUT
VEE = –3.3V
PK-PK
RMS
01074-011
60
PK-PK
JITTER (ps)
40
20
0
0510152025
Figure 14. Jitter vs. I
100
80
60
JITTER (ps)
40
20
RMS
(mA)
I
OUT
1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
OUT
VEE = –5V
PK-PK
RMS
01074-014
0
–250255075125100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 12. Jitter vs. Temperature 1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
100
80
60
VEE = –3.3V
PERCENT
40
23
2
–1 PSEUDO-RANDOM BIT STREAM, ERROR-FREE AREA
ERROR-FREE PERCENTAGE VALUE WAS COMPUTED
20
(DATA_PERIOD – PPJITTER) × 100 / DATA_PERIOD
0
050010001500
VOLTAGE (INNER EYE)
USING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA:
TIME DOMAIN
V
100 / V
INNER
INNER
VOLTAGE (INNER EYE)
DATA RATE (Mbps)
TIME DOMAIN
@500Mbps
Figure 13. AC Performance
01074-012
01074-013
0
–250255075125100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 15. Jitter vs. Temperature 1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
100
80
VOLTAGE (INNER EYE)
60
VEE = –5V
PERCENT
40
23
2
–1 PSEUDO-RANDOM BIT STREAM, ERROR-FREE AREA
ERROR-FREE PERCENTAGE VALUE WAS COMPUTED
20
0
050010001500
USING THE FOLLOWING FORMULA:
(DATA_PERIOD – PPJITTER) × 100 / DATA_PERIOD
TIME DOMAIN
V
100 / V
INNER
VOLTAGE (INNER EYE)
INNER
DATA RATE (Mbps)
TIME DOMAIN
@500Mbps
Figure 16. AC Performance
01074-015
01074-016
Rev. A | Page 10 of 44
Page 11
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
100
150
80
60
40
FREQUENCY
20
0
560580620600640660680700710
DELAY (ps)
Figure 17. Variation in Channel-to-Channel Delay, All 561 Points
17.0
16.5
16.0
(mA)
OUT
I
15.5
01074-017
100
50
0
PROPAGTION DELAY (ps)
–50
–100
–250255075100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 20. Propagation Delay, Normalized at 25°C vs. Temperature
100
80
60
PK-PK
JITTER (ps)
40
01074-020
15.0
14.5
–3.3–3.6–3.9–4.2–4.7–5.0
Figure 18. I
1V
200mV/DIV
–1V
Figure 19. Rise/Fall Times, V
VEE (V)
vs. Supply, VEE
OUT
200ps/DIV
95.55 RISE
96.32 FALL
20% PROXIMAL
80% DISTAL
= −3.3 V
EE
01074-018
01074-019
20
0
3.03.54.04.55.0
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V
RMS
CC
, VEE)
Figure 21. Jitter vs. Supply 1.5 Gbps, PRBS 23
1V
87.11 RISE
87.36 FALL
20% PROXIMAL
80% DISTAL
200mV/DIV
–1V
200ps/DIV
Figure 22. Rise/Fall Times, V
= −5 V
EE
01074-021
01074-022
Rev. A | Page 11 of 44
Page 12
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
500mV
500mV
100mV/DIV
–500mV
Figure 23. Eye Pattern, V
200ps/DIV
= −3.3 V, 1.5 Gbps PRBS 23
EE
01074-023
100mV/DIV
–500mV
Figure 24. Eye Pattern, V
100ps/DIV
= −5 V, 1.5 Gbps PRBS 23
EE
01074-025
Rev. A | Page 12 of 44
Page 13
AD8150
V
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TEST CIRCUIT
V
CCVCCVTT
TEKTRONIX
= 50Ω
R
1.65kΩ
HP8133A
PRBS
GENERATOR
1.65kΩ
= 0V, VEE = –3.3V OR –5V, VTT = –1.6V
CC
= 1.54kΩ, I
R
SET
INTRINSIC JITTER OF HP8133A AND TEKTRONIX 11801B = 3ps RMS, 17ps PK-PK
= 16mA, VOH = –0.8V, VOL = –1.8V
OUT
105Ω
V
EE
AD8150
P
IN OUT
N
V
EE
L
P
N
R
= 50Ω
L
V
TT
Figure 25. Eye Pattern Test Circuit
11801B
50Ω
SD22
SAMPLING
HEAD
50Ω
01074-024
Rev. A | Page 13 of 44
Page 14
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CONTROL INTERFACE
CONTROL INTERFACE TRUTH TABLES
The following are truth tables for the control interface.
Table 4. Basic Control Functions
Control Pins
CS
RESET
0 X X X X Global Reset. Reset all second-rank enable bits to 0 (disable all outputs).
1 1 X X X
1 0 0 X X
1 0 X 0 X
1 0 X X 0
1 0 0 1 0
Table 5. Address Data Examples
Output Address Pins
A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D6/E D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Function
0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 X 1 0 0 0 0 0
<Binary Output Number1> 1 <Binary Input Number>
<Binary Output Number1> 0 X X X X X X Disable Output. Disable specified output (D6 = 0).
1 0 0 0 1 X <Binary Input Number>
1 0 0 1 0 X 1 0 0 0 0 1
1
The binary output number may also be the broadcast connection designator, 10001X.
WE RE UPDATE
MSB to LSB
Enable
Bit
Function
Control Disable. Ignore all logic (but the signal matrix still functions as programmed). D[6:0] are high
impedance.
Single Output Preprogram. Write input configuration data from Data Bus D[6:0] into first rank of
latches for the output selected by the Output Address Bus A[4:0].
Single Output Readback. Readback input configuration data from second rank of latches onto Data
Bus D[6:0] for the single output selected by the Output Address Bus A[4:0].
Global Update. Copy input configuration data from all 17 first-rank latches into second rank of
latches, updating signal matrix connections for all outputs.
Transparent Write and Update. It is possible to write data directly onto rank two. This simplifies logic
when synchronous signal matrix updating is not necessary.
Enable Output. Connect selected output (A[4:0] = 0 to 16) to
designated input (D[5:0] = 0 to 32) and enable output
(D6 = 1).
Broadcast Connection. Connect all 17 outputs to the same
designated input and set all 17 enable bits to the value of
D6. Readback is not possible with the broadcast address.
Reserved. Any address or data code greater or equal to these
are reserved for future expansion or factory testing.
Rev. A | Page 14 of 44
Page 15
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CONTROL INTERFACE TIMING DIAGRAMS
CS INPUT
WE INPUT
A[4:0] INPUTS
D[6:0] INPUTS
t
CSW
t
ASW
Figure 26. First-Rank Write Cycle
t
WP
t
DSW
Table 6. First-Rank Write Cycle
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
t
Setup Time Chip select to write enable TA = 25°C 0 ns
CSW
t
Address to write enable VDD = 5 V 0 ns
ASW
t
Data to write enable VCC = 5 V 15 ns
DSW
t
Hold Time Chip select from write enable 0 ns
CHW
t
Address from write enable 0 ns
AHW
t
Data from write enable 0 ns
DHW
tWP Width of Write Enable Pulse 15 ns
t
AHW
t
DHW
t
CHW
01074-026
Rev. A | Page 15 of 44
Page 16
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CS INPUT
UPDATE INPUT
ENABLING
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
TOGGLE
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
DISABLING
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
PREVIOUS RANK 2 DATA
DATA FROM RANK 2
t
CSU
t
UOE
t
Figure 27. Second-Rank Update Cycle
Table 7. Second-Rank Update Cycle
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
t
Setup Time Chip select to update TA = 25°C 0 ns
CSU
t
Hold Time Chip select from update VDD = 5 V 0 ns
CHU
t
Output Enable Times Update to output enable VCC = 5 V 25 40 ns
UOE
t
Output Toggle Times Update to output reprogram 25 40 ns
UOT
t
Output Disable Times Update to output disabled 25 30 ns
UOD
tUW Width of Update Pulse 15 ns
UOD
t
UOT
DATA FROM RANK 1
t
UW
DATA FROM RANK 1
t
CHU
01074-027
Rev. A | Page 16 of 44
Page 17
AD8150
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CS INPUT
UPDATE INPUT
WE INPUT
ENABLING
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
DISABLING
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
t
CSU
t
UOT
t
UOE
INPUT {DATA 1}INPUT {DATA 0}
t
UW
t
WOT
t
WOD
t
INPUT {DATA 2}INPUT {DATA 1}
WHU
t
CHU
01074-028
Figure 28. First-Rank Write Cycle and Second-Rank Update Cycle
Table 8. First-Rank Write Cycle and Second-Rank Update Cycle
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
t
Setup Time Chip select to update TA = 25°C 0 ns
CSU
t
Hold Time Chip select from update VDD = 5 V 0 ns
CHU
t
Output Enable Times Update to output enable VCC = 5 V 25 40 ns
UOE
1
t
Write enable to output enable 25 40 ns
WOE
t
Output Toggle Times Update to output reprogram 25 30 ns
UOT
t
Write enable to output reprogram 25 30 ns
WOT
1
t
Output Disable Times Update to output disabled 25 30 ns
UOD
t
Write enable to output disabled 25 30 ns
WOD
t
Setup Time Write enable to update 10 ns
WHU
tUW Width of Update Pulse 15 ns
1
Not shown.
Rev. A | Page 17 of 44
Page 18
AD8150
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CS INPUT
RE INPUT
A[4:0]
INPUTS
D[6:0]
OUTPUTS
ADDR 1ADDR 2
DATA
{ADDR 1}
t
t
RDE
CSR
Figure 29. Second-Rank Readback Cycle
t
AA
DATA
{ADDR 2}
t
RHA
t
RDD
t
CHR
01074-029
Table 9. Second-Rank Readback Cycle
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
t
Setup Time Chip select to read enable TA = 25°C 0 ns
CSR
t
Hold Time Chip select from read enable VDD = 5 V 0 ns
CHR
t
Address from read enable VCC = 5 V 5 ns
RHA
t
Enable Time Data from read enable 10 kΩ 15 ns
RDE
tAA Access Time Data from address 20 pF on D[6:0] 15 ns
t
Release Time Data from read enable Bus 15 30 ns
RDD
Rev. A | Page 18 of 44
Page 19
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
RESET INPUT
DISABLING
OUT[0:16][N:P]
OUTPUTS
t
TOD
t
TW
01074-030
Figure 30, Asynchronous Reset
Table 10. Asynchronous Reset
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
t
Disable Time Output disable from reset TA = 25°C 25 30 ns
TOD
tTW Width of Reset Pulse VDD = 5 V 15 ns
V
= 5 V
CC
Rev. A | Page 19 of 44
Page 20
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CONTROL INTERFACE PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
The following conservative pattern connects all outputs to Input 7, except Output 16, which is connected to Input 32. The vector clock
period, T
, is 15 ns. It is possible to accelerate the execution of this pattern by deleting Vectors 1, 4, 7, and 9.
0
RESET
CS WE
D[0:6]
RE UPDATE
7
7
7
A[4:0] D[6:0] Comments
7
UPDATE
RESET
7
0
7
1
7
2
7
0
7
1
7
2
TO 17× 33
SWITCH
MATRIX
33
7
33
7
33
7
33
7
1 OF 33
DECODERS
01074-031
WE
7
1 OF 17 DECODERS
A[0:4]
7
16
RANK1
17 ROWS OF 7-BIT
LATCHES
RE
16
RANK2
7
Figure 31. Control Interface (Simplified Schematic)
Rev. A | Page 20 of 44
Page 21
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CONTROL INTERFACE DESCRIPTION
The AD8150 control interface receives and stores the desired
connection matrix for the 33 input and 17 output signal pairs.
The interface consists of 17 rows of double-rank 7-bit latches,
one row for each output. The 7-bit data-word stored in each of
these latches indicates to which (if any) of the 33 inputs the
output will be connected.
One output at a time can be preprogrammed by addressing the
output and writing the desired connection data into the first
rank of latches. This process can be repeated until each of the
desired output changes has been preprogrammed. All output
connections can then be programmed at once by passing the
data from the first rank of latches into the second rank. The
output connections always reflect the data programmed into the
second rank of latches and do not change until the first rank of
data is passed into the second rank.
If necessary for system verification, the data in the second rank
of latches can be read back from the control interface.
At any time, a reset pulse can be applied to the control interface
to globally reset the appropriate second-rank data bits, disabling
all 17 signal output pairs. This feature can be used to avoid
output bus contention on system start-up. The contents of the
first rank remain unchanged.
The control interface pins are connected via logic-level
translators. These translators allow programming and readback
of the control interface using logic levels different from those in
the signal matrix.
To facilitate multiple chip address decoding, there is a chipselect pin. All logic signals except the reset pulse are ignored
unless the chip-select pin is active. The chip-select pin disables
only the control logic interface and does not change the
operation of the signal matrix. The chip-select pin does not
power down any of the latches, so any data programmed in the
latches is preserved.
All control pins are level-sensitive, not edge-triggered.
CONTROL PIN DESCRIPTION
A[4:0] Inputs
Output address pins. The binary encoded address applied to
these five input pins determines which one of the 17 outputs is
being programmed (or being read back). The most significant
bit is A4.
D[6:0] Inputs/Outputs
Input configuration data pins. In write mode, the binary
encoded data applied to Pins D[6:0] determine which one of 33
inputs is to be connected to the output specified with the A[4:0]
pins. The most significant bit is D5, and the least significant bit
is D0. Bit D6 is the enable bit, setting the specified output signal
pair to an enabled state if D6 is logic high, or to a disabled state,
high impedance, if D6 is logic low.
In readback mode, Pins D[6:0] are low impedance outputs,
indicating the data-word stored in the second rank for the
output specified with the A[4:0] pins. The readback drivers
were designed to drive high impedances only, so external
drivers connected to D[6:0] should be disabled during readback
mode.
Input
WE
First-rank write enable. Forcing this pin to logic LOW allows
the data on Pins D[6:0] to be stored in the first-rank latch for
the output specified by Pins A[4:0]. The
returned to a logic high state after a write cycle to avoid
overwriting the first-rank data.
UPDATE
Second-rank write enable. Forcing this pin to logic low allows
the data stored in all 17 first-rank latches to be transferred to
the second-rank latches. The signal connection matrix will be
reprogrammed when the second-rank data is changed. This is a
global pin, transferring all 17 rows of data at once. It is not
necessary to program the address pins. It should be noted that
after initial power-up of the device, the first-rank data is
undefined. It may be desirable to preprogram all seventeen
outputs before performing the first update cycle.
Input
pin must be
WE
Rev. A | Page 21 of 44
Page 22
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Input
RE
Second-rank read enable. Forcing this pin to logic low enables
the output drivers on the bidirectional D[6:0] pins, entering the
readback mode of operation. By selecting an output address
with the A[4:0] pins and forcing
stored in the second-rank latch for that output address will be
written to the D[6:0] pins. Data should not be written to the
D[6:0] pins externally while in readback mode. The
pins are not exclusive and may be used at the same time, but
data should not be written to the D[6:0] pins from external
sources while in readback mode.
Input
CS
Chip select. This pin must be forced to logic low to program or
receive data from the logic interface, with the exception of the
pin, described below. This pin has no effect on the
RESET
signal pairs and does not alter any of the stored control data.
Input
RESET
Global output disable pin. Forcing the
will reset the enable bit, D6, in all 17 second-rank latches,
regardless of the state of any other pins. This has the effect of
immediately disabling the 17 output signal pairs in the matrix.
to logic low, the 7-bit data
RE
RE
pin to logic low
RESET
and WE
It is useful to momentarily hold
powering up the AD8150 in a system that has multiple output
signal pairs connected together. Failure to do this may result in
several signal outputs contending after power-up. The reset pin
is not gated by the state of the chip-select pin,
noted that the
which will contain undefined data after power-up.
pin does not program the first rank,
RESET
at a logic low state when
RESET
CS
. It should be
CONTROL INTERFACE TRANSLATORS
The AD8150 control interface has two supply pins, VDD and VSS.
The potential between the positive logic supply V
negative logic supply V
5 V. Regardless of supply, the logic threshold is approximately
1.6 V above V
CMOS and TTL logic drivers.
The signal matrix supplies, V
of the voltage on V
V
) ≤ 10 V. These constraints will allow operation of the
EE
control interface on 3 V or 5 V while the signal matrix is
operated on 3.3 V or 5 V PECL, or on −3.3 V or −5 V ECL.
, allowing the interface to be used with most
SS
must be at least 3 V and no more than
SS
and VEE, can be set independent
CC
and VSS, with the constraints that (V
DD
and the
DD
DD
−
Rev. A | Page 22 of 44
Page 23
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The AD8150 is a high speed 33 × 17 differential crosspoint
switch designed for data rates up to 1.5 Gbps per channel. The
AD8150 supports PECL-compatible input and output levels
when operated from a 5 V supply (V
ECL-compatible levels when operated from a −5 V supply (V
= GND, V
= −5 V). To save power, the AD8150 can run from
EE
= 5 V, VEE = GND) or
CC
CC
a 3.3 V supply to interface with low voltage PECL circuits or a
−3.3 V supply to interface with low voltage ECL circuits. The
AD8150 utilizes differential current-mode outputs with
individual disable control, which facilitates busing together the
outputs of multiple AD8150s to assemble larger switch arrays.
This feature also reduces the system to assemble larger switch
arrays, reduces system crosstalk, and can greatly reduce power
dissipation in a large switch array. A single external resistor
programs the current for all enabled output stages, allowing for
user control over output levels with different output
termination schemes and transmission line characteristic
impedances.
HIGH SPEED DATA INPUTS (INxxP, INxxN)
The AD8150 has 33 pairs of differential voltage-mode inputs.
The common-mode input range extends from the positive
supply voltage (V
input levels (V
voltage is less than 300 mV. Unused inputs may be connected
directly to any level within the allowed common-mode input
range. A simplified schematic of the input circuit is shown in
Figure 32.
To maintain signal fidelity at the high data rates supported by
the AD8150, the input transmission lines should be terminated
as close to the input pins as possible. The preferred input
termination structure will depend primarily on the application
and the output circuit of the data source. Standard ECL
components have open emitter outputs that require pull-down
resistors. Three input termination networks suitable for this
type of source are shown in
im
pedance of the transmission line is shown as Z
resistors, R1 and R2, in the Thevenin termination are chosen to
synthesize a V
open-circuit output voltage equal to V
) down to include standard ECL or PECL
CC
− 2 V). The minimum differential input
CC
V
CC
INxxP
V
EE
Figure 32. Simplified Input Circuit
INxxN
01074-032
Figure 33. The characteristic
. The
O
source with an output resistance of ZO and an
TT
− 2 V. The load
CC
resistors (R
to bias the emitter followers of the ECL source.
ECL SOURCE
Figure 33. AD8150 Input Termination from ECL/PECL Sources: a) Parallel
Termination Using V
If the AD8150 is driven from a current-mode output stage such
as another AD8150, the input termination should be chosen to
accommodate that type of source, as explained in the following
section.
HIGH SPEED DATA OUTPUTS (OUTyyP, OUTyyN)
The AD8150 has 17 pairs of differential current-mode outputs.
The output circuit, shown in Figure 34, is an open-collector NPN
rent switch with resistor-programmable tail current and output
cur
compliance extending from the positive supply voltage (V
down to standard ECL or PECL output levels (V
outputs may be disabled individually to permit outputs from
multiple AD8150’s to be connected directly. Since the output
currents of multiple enabled output stages connected in this
way sum, care should be taken to ensure that the output
compliance limit is not exceeded at any time; this can be
achieved by disabling the active output driver before enabling
an inactive driver.
) in the differential termination scheme are needed
L
ECL SOURCE
Z
O
Z
O
R
L
(c)
V
CC
2Z
Z
O
Z
O
O
VCC– 2V
R1
R2R2
V
(b)
INxxN
INxxP
− 2 V). The
CC
V
CC
Z
O
Z
O
Z
O
VTT = VCG2V
(a)
V
CC
ECL SOURCE
Supply; b) Thevenin Equivalent Termination; and
TT
INxxN
INxxP
Z
O
R
L
V
EE
c) Differential Termination
R1
INxxN
INxxP
EE
01074-033
)
CC
Rev. A | Page 23 of 44
Page 24
AD8150
(
)
−
=
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
VCC– 2V
V
EE
V
CC
OUTyyPOUTyyN
DISABLE
I
OUT
V
EE
01074-034
Figure 34. Simplified Output Circuit
To ensure proper operation, all outputs (including unused
output) must be pulled high, using external pull-up networks,
to a level within the output compliance range. If outputs from
multiple AD8150s are wired together, a single pull-up network
may be used for each output bus. The pull-up network should
be chosen to keep the output voltage levels within the output
compliance range at all times. Recommended pull-up networks
to produce PECL/ECL 100K- and 10K-compatible outputs are
shown in Figure 35. Alternatively, a separate supply can be used
provide V
to
AD8150
OUTyyN
OUTyyP
Figure 35. Output Pull-Up Networks: a) ECL 100K, b) ECL 10K
, making R
COM
V
R
L
and D
COM
CC
R
COM
V
COM
R
L
COM
AD8150
OUTyyN
OUTyyP
unnecessary.
V
CC
D
COM
V
R
COM
L
R
L
01074-035
The output levels are simply:
VV
=
COMOH
RIVV
−=
COMOL
−=
CCCOM
−=
The common-mode adjustment element (R
L
OUT
RIVVV
=−=
OLOHSWING
COM
OUT
()
COMCCCOM
L
OUT
()
K100
()
ModeDVVV
K10
ModeRIVV
COM
or D
) may be
COM
omitted if the input range of the receiver includes the positive
supply voltage. The bypass capacitors reduce common-mode
perturbations by providing an ac short from the common nodes
(V
) to ground.
COM
maintain signal fidelity at high data rates, the stubs connecting
the output pins to the output transmission lines or load resistors
should be as short as possible.
V
CC
R
COM
AD8150
OUTyyN
OUTyyP
AD8150
OUTyyN
OUTyyP
R
L
Z
O
Z
O
R
L
RECEIVER
V
R
COM
L
Z
O
Z
R
O
L
01074-036
Figure 36. Double Termination of AD8150 Outputs
In this case, the output levels are:
COMOH
COMOL
41
()
43
−=
OLOHSWING
L
OUT
RIVV
L
OUT
()
21
=−=
OUT
RIVVV
L
RIVV
OUTPUT CURRENT SET PIN (REF)
A simplified schematic of the reference circuit is shown in
Figure 37. A single external resistor connected between the
REF
pin and V
stages. This feature allows a choice of pull-up networks and
transmission line characteristic impedances while still achieving
a nominal output swing of 800 mV. At low data rates, substantial
power savings can be achieved by using lower output swings
and higher load resistances.
determines the output current for all output
EE
AD8150
1.25V
I
OUT
/25
V
CC
REF
R
SET
V
EE
Figure 37. Simplified Reference Circuit
01074-037
When busing together the outputs of multiple AD8150s or
when running at high data rates, double termination of its
outputs is recommended to mitigate the impact of reflections
due to open transmission line stubs and the lumped capacitance
of the AD8150 output pins. A possible connection is shown in
Figure 36; the bypass capacitors provide an ac short from the
ommon nodes of the termination resistors to ground. To
c
Rev. A | Page 24 of 44
Page 25
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
The resistor value current is given by the following expression:
R25=
SET
I
OUT
Example:
IforR
OUTSET
The minimum set resistor is R
25 mA. The maximum set resistor is R
I
= 5 mA. Nominal 800 mV output swings can be achieved
OUT,min
in a 50 Ω load using R
= 1.56 kΩ (I
SET
doubly terminated 75 Ω load using R
mA2.16k54.1==
= 1 kΩ, resulting in I
SET,min
= 5 kΩ, resulting in
SET,max
= 16.2 mA) or in a
OUT
= 1.17 kΩ (I
SET
OUT
OUT,max
=
=
21.3 mA).
To minimize stray capacitance and avoid the pickup of
unwanted signals, the external set resistor should be located
close to the REF pin. Bypassing the set resistor is not
recommended.
POWER SUPPLIES
There are several options for the power supply voltages for the
AD8150, because there are two separate sections of the chip that
require power supplies. These are the control logic and the high
speed data paths. The voltage levels of these supplies can vary,
depending on the system architecture.
Logic Supplies
The control (programming) logic is CMOS and is designed to
interface with any of the various standard single-ended logic
families (CMOS or TTL). Its supply voltage pins are V
170, logic positive) and V
(Pin 152, logic ground). In all cases
SS
the logic ground should be connected to the system digital
ground. V
should be supplied at a voltage between 3.3 V and
DD
5 V to match the supply voltage of the logic family that is used
to drive the logic inputs. V
should be bypassed to ground
DD
with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor. The absolute maximum voltage
from V
to VSS is 5.5 V.
DD
Data Path Supplies
The data path supplies have more options for their voltage
levels. The choices here will affect several other areas, such as
power dissipation, bypassing, and common-mode levels of the
inputs and outputs. The more positive voltage supply for the
data paths is V
supply is V
(Pins 41, 98, 149, and 171). The more negative
CC
, which appears on many pins that will not be listed
EE
here. The maximum allowable voltage across these supplies is
5.5 V.
DD
(Pin
The first choice in the data path power supplies is to decide
whether to run the device as ECL (emitter-coupled logic) or
PECL (positive ECL). For ECL operation, V
potential, and V
will be at a negative supply between −3.3 V
EE
will be at ground
CC
and −5 V. This will make the common-mode voltage of the
inputs and outputs a negative voltage (see Figure 38).
3V TO 5V
0.1μF
V
DD
AD8150
CONTROL
LOGIC
V
SS
GND
Figure 38. Power Supplies and Bypassing for ECL Operation
GND
V
DATA
PATHS
V
3V TO 5V
CC
EE
0.1μF
(ONE FOR EVERY TWO V
EE
PINS)
01074-038
If the data paths are to be dc-coupled to other ECL logic devices
that run with ground as the most positive supply and a negative
voltage for V
, then this is the proper way to run. However, if
EE
the part is to be ac coupled, it is not necessary to have the
input/output common mode at the same level as the other
system circuits, but it will probably be more convenient to use
the same supply rails for all devices.
For PECL operation, V
will be at ground potential, and VCC
EE
will be a positive voltage from 3.3 V to 5 V. Thus, the common
mode of the inputs and outputs will be at a positive voltage.
These can then be dc coupled to other PECL operated devices.
If the data paths are ac coupled, then the common-mode levels
do not matter, see
0.1μF
AD8150
Figure 39. Power Supplies and Bypassing for PECL Operation
For analysis, the power dissipation of the AD8150 can be
divided into three separate parts. These are the control logic,
the data path circuits, and the (ECL or PECL) outputs, which
are part of the data path circuits, but can be dealt with
separately. The first of these, the control logic, is CMOS
technology and does not dissipate a significant amount of
power. This power will, of course, be greater when the logic
supply is 5 V than when it is 3 V, but overall it is not a significant
amount of power and can be ignored for thermal analysis.
V
DD
AD8150
CONTROL
LOGIC
I, DATA PATH
LOGIC
V
SS
GNDGND
Figure 41. Major Power Consumption Paths
The data path circuits operate between the supplies VCC and
V
. As described in the power supply section, this voltage can
EE
range from 3.3 V to 5 V. The current consumed by this section
will be constant, so operating at a lower voltage can save about
40 percent in power dissipation.
The power dissipated in the data path outputs is affected by
several factors. The first is whether the outputs are enabled or
disabled. The worst case occurs when all of the outputs are
enabled. The current consumed by the data path logic can be
approximated by
CC
()
#
×
V
CC
DATA
PATHS
V
EE
()
II
OUT
enabledoutputsof
I
OUT
R
OUT
V
LOW – V
OUT
×++=
EE
01074-040
mA3mA20mA5.4mA30
This says that there will always be a minimum of 30 mA
flowing. I
will increase by a factor that is proportional to both
CC
the number of enabled outputs and the programmed output
current.
The power dissipated in this circuit section will simply be the
voltage of this section (V
case, assume that V
− VEE) times the current. For a worst
CC
− VEE is 5.0 V, all outputs are enabled and
CC
the programmed output current is 25 mA. The power dissipated
by the data path logic will be
[]
()
mW826
=
××++=P
The power dissipated by the output current depends on several
factors. These are the programmed output current, the voltage
drop from a logic low output to V
, and the number of enabled
EE
outputs. A simplifying assumption is that one of each (enabled)
differential output pair will be low and draw the full output
current (and dissipate most of the power for that output), while
the complementary output of the pair will be high and draw
insignificant current. Thus, the power dissipation of the high
output can be ignored, and the output power dissipation for
each output can be assumed to occur in a single static low
output that sinks the full output-programmed current.
The voltage across which this current flows can also vary,
depending on the output circuit design and the supplies that are
used for the data path circuitry. In general, however, there will
be a voltage difference between a logic low signal and V
. This
EE
is the drop across which the output current flows. For a worst
case, this voltage can be as high as 3.5 V. Thus, for all outputs
enabled and the programmed output current set to 25 mA, the
power dissipated by the outputs is
P
W49.117mA25V5.3=
}
17mA3mA20mA25mA5.4mA25V0.5
Rev. A | Page 27 of 44
Page 28
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
HEAT SINKING
Depending on several factors in its operation, the AD8150 can
dissipate 2 W or more. The part is designed to operate without
the need for an explicit external heat sink. However, the package
design offers enhanced heat removal via some of the package
pins to the PC board traces.
The V
Pins 93 to 138) have finger extensions inside the package that
connect to the paddle on which the IC chip is mounted. These
pins provide a lower thermal resistance from the IC to the V
pins than pins that just have a bond wire. As a result, these pins
can be used to enhance the heat removal process from the IC to
the circuit board and ultimately to the ambient.
The V
area of circuit board trace material to take the most advantage
of their lower thermal resistance. If there is a large area available
on an inner layer that is at V
provided from the package pin traces to this layer. There should
pins on the input sides of the package (Pins 1 to 46 and
EE
pins described above should be connected to a large
EE
potential, then vias can be
EE
EE
be no thermal-relief pattern when connecting the vias to the
inner layers for these V
close to the pin leads can provide an even lower thermal
resistive path. If possible to use, 2 oz. copper foil will provide
better heat removal than 1 oz.
The AD8150 package has a specified thermal impedance, θ
30°C/W. This is the worst case still-air value that can be
expected when the circuit board does not significantly enhance
the heat removal from the package. By using the concept
described above or by using forced-air circulation, the thermal
impedance can be lowered.
For an extreme worst case analysis, the junction rise above the
ambient can be calculated assuming 2 W of power dissipation
and θ
of 30°C/W to yield a 60°C rise above the ambient. There
JA
are many techniques described above that can mitigate this
situation. Most actual circuits will not result in such a high rise
of the junction temperature above the ambient.
pins. Additional vias in parallel and
EE
JA
, of
Rev. A | Page 28 of 44
Page 29
AD8150
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
APPLICATIONS
AD8150 INPUT AND OUTPUT BUSING
Although the AD8150 is a digital part, in any application that
runs at high speed, analog design details will have to be given
very careful consideration. At high data rates, the design of the
signal channels will have a strong influence on the data integrity
and its associated jitter and ultimately bit error rate (BER).
While it might be considered very helpful to have a suggested
circuit board layout for any particular system configuration, this
is not something that can be practically realized. Systems come
in all shapes, sizes, speeds, performance criteria, and cost
constraints. Therefore, some general design guidelines will be
presented that can be used for all systems and judiciously
modified where appropriate.
High speed signals travel best, that is, maintain their integrity,
when they are carried by a uniform transmission line that is
properly terminated at either end. Any abrupt mismatches in
impedance or improper termination will create reflections that
will add to or subtract from parts of the desired signal. Small
amounts of this effect are unavoidable, but too much will distort
the signal to the point that the channel BER will increase. It is
difficult to fully quantify these effects because they are
influenced by many factors in the overall system design.
A constant-impedance transmission line is characterized by
having a uniform cross-sectional profile over its entire length.
In particular, there should be no stubs, which are branches that
intersect the main run of the transmission line. These can have
an electrical appearance that is approximated by a lumped
element, such as a capacitor, or if long enough, as another
transmission line. To the extent that stubs are unavoidable in a
design, their effect can be minimized by making them as short
as possible and as high an impedance as possible.
Figure 36 shows a differential transmission line that connects
o differential outputs from AD8150s to a generic receiver. A
tw
more generalized system can have more outputs bused and
more receivers on the same bus, but the same concepts apply.
The inputs of the AD8150 can also be considered a receiver.
The transmission lines that bus all of the devices together are
shown with terminations at each end.
The individual outputs of the AD8150 are stubs that intersect
the main transmission line. Ideally, their current-source outputs
would be infinite impedance, and they would have no effect on
signals that propagate along the transmission line. In reality,
each external pin of the AD8150 projects into the package and
has a bond wire connected to the chip inside. On-chip wiring
then connects to the collectors of the output transistors and to
ESD protection diodes.
Unlike some other high speed digital components, the AD8150
does not have on-chip terminations. While the location of such
terminations would be closer to the actual end of the
transmission line for some architectures, this concept can limit
system design options. In particular, it is not possible to bus
more than two inputs or outputs on the same transmission line
and it is not possible to change the value of these terminations
to use them for different impedance transmission lines. The
AD8150, with the added ability to disable its outputs, is much
more versatile in these types of architectures.
If the external traces are kept to a bare minimum, the output
will present a mostly lumped capacitive load of about 2 pF. A
single stub of 2 pF will not seriously adversely affect signal
integrity for most transmission lines, but the more of these
stubs, the more adverse their influence will be.
One way to mitigate this effect is to locally reduce the
capacitance of the main transmission line near the point of stub
intersection. Some practical means for doing this are to narrow
the PC board traces in the region of the stub and/or to remove
some of the ground plane(s) near this intersection. The effect of
these techniques will locally lower the capacitance of the main
transmission line at these points, while the added capacitance of
the AD8150 outputs will compensate for this reduction in
capacitance. The overall intent is to create as uniform a
transmission line as possible.
In selecting the location of the termination resistors, it is
important to keep in mind that, as their name implies, they
should be placed at either end of the line. There should be no,
or minimal, projection of the transmission line beyond the
point where the termination resistors connect to it.
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AD8150
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EVALUATION BOARD
An evaluation board has been designed and is available to
rapidly test the main features of the AD8150. This board lets the
user analyze the analog performance of the AD8150 channels
and easily control the configuration of the board by a standard PC.
Differential inputs and outputs provide the interface for all
channels with the connections made by a 50 Ω SMB-type
connector. This type of connector was chosen for its rapid
mating and unmating action. The use of SMB-type connectors
minimizes the size and minimizes the effort of rearranging
interconnects that would be required if using SMA-type
connectors.
CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING
The board is configurable by one of two methods. For ease of
use, custom software is provided that controls the AD8150
programming via the parallel port of a PC. This requires a usersupplied standard printer cable that has a DB-25 connector at
one end (parallel- or printer-port interface) and a Centronixtype connector at the other that connects to P2 of the AD8150
evaluation board. The programming with this scheme is done
in a serial fashion, so it is not the fastest way to configure the
AD8150 matrix. However, the user interface makes it very
convenient to use this programming method.
If a high speed programming interface is desired, the AD8150
address and data buses are directly available on P3. The source
of the program signals can be a piece of test equipment, such as
the Tektronix HFS-9000 digital test generator, or some other
user-supplied hardware that generates programming signals.
When using the PC interface, the jumper at W1 should be
installed and no connections should be made to P3. When
using the P3 interface, no jumper is installed at W1. There are
locations for termination resistors for the address and data
signals if these are necessary.
POWER SUPPLIES
The AD8150 is designed to work with standard ECL logic
levels. This means that V
supply. The shells of the I/O SMB connectors are at V
potential. Thus, when operating in the standard ECL
configuration, test equipment can be directly connected to the
board, because the test equipment will also have its connector
shells at ground potential.
Operating in PECL mode requires V
voltage while V
is at ground. Since this would make the shells
EE
of the I/O connectors at a positive voltage, it can cause problems
when directly connecting to test equipment. Some equipment,
such as battery operated oscilloscopes, can be floated from
ground, but care should be taken with line-powered equipment
is at ground and VEE is at a negative
CC
CC
to be at a positive
CC
so that a dangerous situation is not created. Refer to the test
equipment’s manual.
The voltage difference from V
to VEE can range from 3 V to 5 V.
CC
Power savings can be realized by operating at a lower voltage
without any compromise in performance.
A separate connection is provided for V
potential of the outputs. This can be at a voltage as high as V
but power savings can be realized if V
, the termination
TT
is at a voltage that is
TT
CC
somewhat lower. Please consult elsewhere in the data sheet for
the specification for the limits of the V
supply.
TT
As a practical matter, current on the evaluation board will flow
from the V
through the AD8150 from its outputs to the V
running in ECL mode, V
supply through the termination resistors and then
TT
supply. When
EE
will want to be at a negative supply.
TT
Most power supplies will not allow their ground to connect to
V
and will not allow their negative supply to connect to VTT.
CC
This will require them to source current from their negative
supply, which will not return to the ground terminal. Thus, V
should be referenced to V
when running in ECL mode, or a
EE
TT
true bipolar supply should be used.
The digital supply is provided to the AD8150 by the V
pins. VSS should always be at ground potential to make it
V
SS
compatible with standard CMOS or TTL logic. V
DD
can range
DD
and
from 3 V to 5 V and should be matched to the supply voltage of
the logic used to control the AD8150. However, since PCs use 5 V
logic on their parallel port, V
should be at 5 V when using a
DD
PC to program the AD8150.
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
The software to operate the AD8150 is provided on two 3.5"
floppy disks. The software is installed by inserting Disk 1 into
the floppy drive of a PC and running the setup.exe program.
This will routinely install the software and prompt the user to
change to Disk 2. The setup program will also prompt the user
to select the directory location to store the program.
After running the software, the user will be prompted to
identify which (of three) software driver is used with the PC’s
parallel port. The default is LPT1, which is most commonly
used. However, some laptops commonly use the PRN driver. It
is also possible that some systems are configured with the LPT2
driver.
If it is not known which driver is used, it is best to select LPT1
and proceed to the next screen. This will show a full array of
buttons that allows the connection of any input to output of the
AD8150. All of the outputs should be in the output off state
immediately after the program starts running. Any of the active
buttons can be selected with a mouse click, which will send out
one burst of programming data.
,
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AD8150
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A sh
After this, the PC keyboard’s left or right arrow key can be held
down to generate a steady stream of programming signals out of
the parallel port. The CLOCK test point on the AD8150
evaluation board can be monitored with an oscilloscope for any
activity (a user-supplied printer cable must be connected). If
there is a square wave present, then the proper software driver
is selected for the PC’s parallel port.
If there is no signal present, then another driver should be tried
by selecting the Parallel Port menu item from the File pulldown menu selection under the title bar. Select a different
software driver and carry out the above test until signal activity
is present at the CLOCK test point.
SOFTWARE OPERATION
Any button can be clicked in the matrix to program the inputto-output connection. This will send the proper programming
sequence out of the PC parallel port. Since only one input can
be programmed to a given output at a time, clicking a button in
a horizontal row will cancel previous selections in that row.
However, any number of outputs can share the same input.
Refer to Figure 42.
ortcut for programming all outputs to the same input is to
use the broadcast feature. After clicking on the Broadcast
Connection button, a window will appear that will prompt the
user to select which input should be connected to all outputs.
The user should type in an integer from 0 to 32 and then click
OK. This will send out the proper program data and return to
the main screen with a full column of buttons selected under
the chosen input.
The off column can be used to disable whichever output one
chooses. To disable all outputs, click the Global Reset button.
This will select the full column of OFF buttons.
Two scratchpad memories (Memory 1 and Memory 2) are
provided to conveniently save a particular configuration.
However, these registers are erased when the program is
terminated. For long-term storage of configurations, the disk’s
storage memory should be used. The Save and Load selections
can be accessed from the File pull-down menu under the title
bar.