Datasheet AD7899 Datasheet (Analog Devices)

Page 1
5 V Single Supply
a
FEATURES Fast (2.2 s) 14-Bit ADC 400 kSPS Throughput Rate
0.3 s Track/Hold Acquisition Time Single Supply Operation Selection of Input Ranges: ⴞ10 V, ⴞ5 V and ⴞ2.5 V
0 V to 2.5 V and 0 V to 5 V
High-Speed Parallel Interface which Also Allows
Interfacing to 3 V Processors Low Power, 80 mW Typ Power-Saving Mode, 20 W Typ Overvoltage Protection on Analog Inputs Power-Down Mode via STBY Pin
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD7899 is a fast, low-power, 14-bit A/D converter that operates from a single 5 V supply. The part contains a 2.2 µs successive-approximation ADC, a track/hold amplifier, 2.5 V reference, on-chip clock oscillator, signal conditioning circuitry, and a high-speed parallel interface. The part accepts analog input ranges of ±10 V, ± 5 V, ± 2.5 V, 0 V to 2.5 V, and 0 V to 5 V. Overvoltage protection on the analog input for the part allows the input voltage to be exceeded without damaging the parts.
Speed of conversion can be controlled either by an internally trimmed clock oscillator or by an external clock.
A conversion start signal (CONVST) places the track/hold into hold mode and initiates conversion. The BUSY/EOC signal indicates the end of the conversion.
Data is read from the part via a 14-bit parallel data bus using the standard CS and RD signals. Maximum throughput for the AD7899 is 400 kSPS.
The AD7899 is available in a 28-lead SOIC and SSOP packages.
14-Bit 400 kSPS ADC
AD7899
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
V
REF
6k
REFERENCE
+
14-BIT
ADC
CONVERSION
CONTROL
LOGIC
CONVST OPGNDGND
INT/EXT
CLOCK
SELECT
CLKIN
STBY
V
INA
V
INB
BUSY/EOC
AVDD
AD7899
TRACK/HOLD
SIGNAL
SCALING
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. The AD7899 features a fast (2.2 µs) ADC allowing through­put rates of up to 400 kSPS.
2. The AD7899 operates from a single 5 V supply and con­sumes only 80 mW typ making it ideal for low power and portable applications.
3. The part offers a high-speed parallel interface. The interface can operate in 3 V and 5 V mode allowing for easy connec­tion to 3 V or 5 V microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors.
4. The part is offered in three versions with different analog input ranges. The AD7899-1 offers the standard industrial ranges of ±10 V and ± 5 V; the AD7899-2 offers a unipolar range of 0 V to 2.5 or 0 V to 5 V, and the AD7899-3 has an input range of ±2.5 V.
2.5V
V
DRIVE
OUTPUT
LATCH
CLOCK
RD
DB13
DB0
CS
INT
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2001
Page 2
AD7899–SPECIFICATIONS
(VDD = 5 V 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, V T
to T
MIN
and valid for V
MAX
= 3 V 5% and 5 V 5% unless otherwise noted.)
DRIVE
= Internal. Clock = Internal, all specifications
REF
ABS
Parameter Version
1
Version
1
Version
1
Unit Test Conditions/Comments
SAMPLE AND HOLD
0.1 dB Full Power Bandwidth 500 500 500 kHz typ3 dB Full Power Bandwidth 4.5 4.5 4.5 MHz typ
Aperture Delay 20 20 20 ns max Aperture Jitter 25 25 25 ps typ
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
2
fIN = 100 kHz, fS = 400 kSPS
AD7899-1
Signal to (Noise + Distortion)
3
@ 25C 78 78 78 dB min
Ratio
to T
T
MIN
Total Harmonic Distortion
MAX
3
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
78 78 77 dB min –84 –84 –82 dB max
3
–86 –86 –85 dB max
AD7899-2
Signal to (Noise + Distortion)
3
@ 25C 78 dB min
Ratio
to T
T
MIN
Total Harmonic Distortion
MAX
3
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
77 dB min –82 dB max
3
–82 dB max
AD7899-3
Signal to (Noise + Distortion)
3
@ 25C 78 78 dB min
Ratio
to T
T
MIN
Total Harmonic Distortion Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
Intermodulation Distortion
MAX
3
3
77 77 dB min –84 –84 dB max
3
–86 –86 dB max
fa = 49 kHz, fb = 50 kHz 2nd Order Terms –89 –89 89 dB typ 3rd Order Terms –89 –89 89 dB typ
DC ACCURACY
Resolution 14 14 14 Bits Relative Accuracy (INL) Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)
3
± 2 ± 1.5 ±2 LSB max
3
± 1 ± 1 ± 1 LSB max No Missing Codes Guaranteed
AD7899-1
Input Voltage Range ± 5, ± 10 ± 5, ± 10 Volts Input Current 0.8, 0.8 0.8, 0.8 mA max V Positive Gain Error Negative Gain Error
3
3
± 10 ± 8 ± 12 LSB max ± 10 ± 8 ± 12 LSB max
= –5 V and –10 V Respectively
IN
Bipolar Zero Error ± 12 ± 8 ± 12 LSB max
AD7899-2
Input Voltage Range 0 to 2.5 Volts
0 to 5 Input Current 0.4, 800 µA max V Positive Gain Error Offset Error
3
3
± 14 LSB max
± 10 LSB max
= 2.5 V, VIN = 5 V
IN
AD7899-3
Input Voltage Range ± 2.5 ± 2.5 Volts Input Current 0.8 0.8 mA max V Positive Gain Error Negative Gain Error
3
3
± 14 ± 12 LSB max
± 14 ± 12 LSB max
= –2.5 V
IN
Bipolar Zero Error ± 14 ± 12 LSB max
REFERENCE INPUT/OUTPUT
V
IN Input Voltage Range 2.375/2.625 2.375/2.625 2.375/2.625 V
REF
IN Input Capacitance
V
REF
V
OUT Output Voltage 2.5 2.5 2.5 V nom
REF
OUT Error @ 25C ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 mV max
V
REF
OUT Error T
V
REF
V
OUT Temperature Coefficient 25 25 25 ppm/C typ
REF
V
OUT Output Impedance 6 6 6 k typ See Reference Section
REF
MIN
to T
4
MAX
10 10 10 pF max
± 20 ± 20 ± 25 mV max
MIN/VMAX
2.5 V ± 5%
–2–
REV. A
Page 3
AD7899
ABS
Parameter Version
L
OGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, V Input Low Voltage, V Input Current, I
IN
Input Capacitance, C
INH
INL
IN
4
V V ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 µA max 10 10 10 pF max
DRIVE
DRIVE
1
/2 + 0.4 V /2 – 0.4 V
Version
/2 + 0.4 V
DRIVE
/2 – 0.4 V
DRIVE
1
Version
1
/2 + 0.4 V min VDD = 5 V ± 5%
DRIVE
/2 – 0.4 V max VDD = 5 V ± 5%
DRIVE
Unit Test Conditions/Comments
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, V Output Low Voltage, V
OL
OH
– 0.4 V
DRIVE
0.4 0.4 0.4 V max I
DRIVE
– 0.4 V
– 0.4 V min I
DRIVE
SOURCE
= 1.6 mA
SINK
= 400 µA
V
DB13–DB0
High Impedance
Leakage Current ± 10 ± 10 ± 10 µA max Capacitance
4
10 10 10 pF max
Output Coding
AD7899-1, AD7899-3 Twos Complement AD7899-2 Straight (Natural) Binary
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time 2.2 2.2 2.2 µs max Track/Hold Acquisition Time
2, 3
0.3 0.3 0.3 µs max
Throughput Time 400 400 400 kSPS max
POWER REQUIREMENTS
V
DD
I
DD
5 5 5 V nom
Normal Mode 25 25 25 mA max Typically 16 mA Standby Mode 20 20 20 µA max (5 µA typ) Logic Inputs = 0 V or
V
DD
Power Dissipation
Normal Mode 125 125 125 mW max Typically 80 mW, V
DD
Standby Mode 100 100 125 µW max
NOTES
1
Temperature Ranges are as follows : A, B Versions: –40C to +85C. S Version: –55°C to +125°C.
2
Performance measured through full channel (SHA and ADC).
3
See Terminology.
4
Sample tested @ 25°C to ensure compliance.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
= 5 V
REV. A
–3–
Page 4
AD7899
1, 2
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
to T
and valid for V
MAX
= 3 V 5% and 5 V 5% unless otherwise noted.)
DRIVE
(VDD = 5 V 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, V
A, B and S
Parameter Versions Unit Test Conditions/Comments
t
CONV
2.2 µs max Conversion Time, Internal Clock
2.46 µs max CLKIN = 6.5 MHz
t
ACQ
t
EOC
t
WAKE-UP
– External V
REF
5
0.3 µs max Acquisition Time 120 ns min EOC Pulsewidth 180 ns max 2 µs max STBY Rising Edge to CONVST Rising Edge
(See Standby Mode Operation)
t
1
t
2
35 ns min CONVST Pulsewidth 70 ns min CONVST Rising Edge to BUSY Rising Edge
Read Operation
t
3
t
4
t
5
3
t
6
4
t
7
0 ns min CS to RD Setup Time 0 ns min CS to RD Hold Time 35 ns min Read Pulsewidth 35 ns max Data Access Time after Falling Edge of RD, V 40 ns max Data Access Time after Falling Edge of RD, V 5 ns min Bus Relinquish Time after Rising Edge of RD 30 ns max
t
8
0 ns min BUSY Falling Edge to RD Delay
External Clock
t
9
t
10
t
11
NOTES
1
Sample tested at 25°C to ensure compliance. All input signals are measured with tr = tf = 1 ns (10% to 90% of V
2
See Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.
3
Measured with the load circuit of Figure 1 and defined as the time required for an output to cross 0.8 V or 2.0 V.
4
These times are derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit of Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the times quoted in the timing characteristics are the true bus relinquish times of the part and as such are independent of external bus loading capacitances.
5
Refer to the Standby Mode Operation section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
0 ns min CLKIN to CONVST Rising Edge Setup Time 20 ns min CLKIN to CONVST Rising Edge Hold Time 100 ns min CONVST Rising Edge to CLK Falling Edge
= Internal, Clock = Internal; All specifications T
REF
DRIVE
DRIVE
) and timed from a voltage level of V
DRIVE
= 5 V = 3 V
/2.
DRIVE
MIN
1.6mA
OUTPUT
PIN
TO
50pF
400␮A
1.6V
Figure 1. Load Circuit for Access Time and Bus Relinquish Time
–4–
REV. A
Page 5
AD7899
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
VDD to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
V
to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
DD
V
to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
DRIVE
+ 0.3 V
DD
Analog Input Voltage to AGND
AD7899-1 (±10 V Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 18 V
AD7899-1 (±5 V Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –9 V to +18 V
AD7899-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1 V to +18 V
AD7899-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –4 V to +18 V
Reference Input Voltage to AGND . . . –0.3 V to V
Digital Input Voltage to DGND . . . . . –0.3 V to V
Digital Output Voltage to DGND . . . . –0.3 V to V
+ 0.3 V
DD
+ 0.3 V
DD
+ 0.3 V
DD
Operating Temperature Range
Commercial (A, B Version) . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
SOIC Package, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 mW
Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95°C/W
θ
JA
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215°C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220°C
SSOP Package, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 mW
Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95°C/W
θ
JA
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215°C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220°C
*
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma­nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Military (S Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD7899 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ORDERING GUIDE
Relative Temperature Package Package
Model Input Ranges Accuracy Range Description Option
±
AD7899AR-1 AD7899BR-1 AD7899SR-1
5V, ±10 V
±
5V, ±10 V
±
5V, ±10 V AD7899AR-2 0 V to 5 V, 0 V to 2.5 V AD7899AR-3 AD7899BR-3 AD7899ARS-1
±
2.5 V
±
2.5 V
±
5V, ±10 V AD7899ARS-2 0 V to 5 V, 0 V to 2.5 V AD7899ARS-3
±
2.5 V
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Small Outline R-28
±
1.5 LSB –40C to +85C Small Outline R-28
±
2 LSB –55C to +125C Small Outline R-28
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Small Outline R-28
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Small Outline R-28
±
1.5 LSB –40C to +85C Small Outline R-28
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Shrink Small Outline RS-28
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Shrink Small Outline RS-28
±
2 LSB –40C to +85C Shrink Small Outline RS-28
REV. A
–5–
Page 6
AD7899
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No. Mnemonic Description
1V
REF
2, 6 GND Ground Pin. This pin should be connected to the systems analog ground 3, 4 V 5V
INB
DD
, V
INA
7–13 DB13–DB7 Data Bit 13 is the MSB, followed by Data Bit 12 to Data Bit 7. Three-state outputs. 14 OPGND Output Driver Ground. This is the ground pin of the output drivers for D13 to D0 and BUSY/EOC. It should
15 V
DRIVE
16–22 DB6–DB0 Data Bit 6 to Data Bit 0. Three-state Outputs. 23 BUSY/EOC BUSY/EOC Output. Digital output pin used to signify that a conversion is in progress or that a conversion
24 RD Read Input. Active low logic input which is used in conjunction with CS low to enable the data outputs. 25 CS Chip Select Input. Active low logic input. The device is selected when this input is active. 26 CONVST Convert Start Input. Logic Input. A low to high transition on this input puts the track/hold into hold mode
27 CLKIN Conversion Clock Input. CLKIN is an externally applied clock which allows the user to control the
28 STBY Standby Mode Input. Logic input which is used to put the device into the power save or standby mode.
Reference Input/Output. This pin is provides access to the internal reference (2.5 V ± 20 mV) and also allows the internal reference to be overdriven by an external reference source (2.5 V ± 5%). A 0.1 µF decoupling capacitor should be connected between this pin and GND.
plane. Analog Inputs. See Analog Input Section. Positive Supply Voltage, 5.0 V ± 5%.
be connected to the systems analog ground plane This pin provides the positive supply voltage for the digital inputs and outputs. It is normally tied to V
.
DD
but may also be powered by a 3 V ± 10% supply which allows the inputs and outputs to be interfaced to 3 V processors and DSPs. V
should be decoupled with a 0.1 µF capacitor to GND.
DRIVE
has finished. The function of the BUSY/EOC is determined by the state of CONVST at the end of con­version. See the Timing and Control Section.
and starts conversion.
conversion rate of the AD7899. If the CLKIN input is high on the rising edge of CONVST an externally applied clock will be used as the conversion clock. If the CLKIN is low on the rising edge of CONVST the internal laser-trimmed oscillator is used as the conversion clock. Each conversion needs sixteen clock cycles in order for the conversion to be completed. The externally applied clock should have a duty cycle no greater than 60/40. The CLKIN pin can be tied to GND if an external clock is not required.
The STBY input is high for normal operation and low for standby operation.
PIN CONFIGURATION
SOIC/SSOP
V
REF
GND
V
INB
V
INA
V
GND
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
OPGND
DD
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
AD7899
7
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
8
9
28
STBY
27
CLKIN
26
CONVST
25
CS
24
RD
23
BUSY/EOC
22
DB0
DB1
21
DB2
20
DB3
19
DB4
18
DB5
17
DB6
16
V
15
DRIVE
–6–
REV. A
Page 7
AD7899
TERMINOLOGY Signal to (Noise + Distortion) Ratio
This is the measured ratio of signal to (noise + distortion) at the output of the A/D converter. The signal is the rms amplitude of the fundamental. Noise is the rms sum of all nonfundamental signals up to half the sampling frequency (f
/2), excluding dc.
S
The ratio is dependent upon the number of quantization levels in the digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quan­tization noise. The theoretical signal to (noise + distortion) ratio for an ideal N-bit converter with a sine wave input is given by:
Signal to (Noise + Distortion) = (6.02N + 1.76) dB
Thus for a 14-bit converter, this is 86.04 dB.
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the fundamental. For the AD7899 it is defined
2
THD dB
as:
( ) log=
20
VVVVV
++++
223242526
V
1
where V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V2, V3,
, and V5 are the rms amplitudes of the second through the
V
4
fifth harmonics.
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of the rms value of the next largest component in the ADC output spectrum (up to f
/2 and excluding dc) to the rms value of the
S
fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification is deter­mined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum, but for parts where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor, it will be a noise peak.
Intermodulation Distortion
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create distortion products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb where m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. Intermodulation terms are those for which neither m nor n are equal to zero. For example, the second order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa – fb), while the third order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa – fb), (fa + 2fb) and (fa – 2fb).
The AD7899 is tested using two input frequencies. In this case, the second and third order terms are of different significance. The second order terms are usually distanced in frequency from the original sine waves while the third order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input frequencies. As a result, the second
and third order terms are specified separately. The calculation of the intermodulation distortion is as per the THD speci­fication where it is the ratio of the rms sum of the individual distortion products to the rms amplitude of the fundamental expressed in dBs.
Differential Nonlinearity
This is the difference between the measured and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC.
Positive Gain Error (AD7899-1, AD7899-3)
This is the deviation of the last code transition (01 . . . 110 to 01 . . . 111) from the ideal 4 × V ± 10 V), 2 × V
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at ± 5 V range) or V
REF
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at
REF
REF
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at ± 2.5 V range) after the Bipolar Offset Error has been adjusted out.
Positive Gain Error (AD7899-2)
This is the deviation of the last code transition (11 . . . 110 to 11 . . . 111) from the ideal 2 × V ± 10 V), 2 × V
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at 0 V to 2.5 V range) after the Uni-
V
REF
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at 0 V to 5 V range) or
REF
– 3/2 LSB (AD7899 at
REF
polar Offset Error has been adjusted out.
Unipolar Offset Error (AD7899-2)
This is the deviation of the first code transition (00 . . . 00 to 00 . . . 01) from the ideal AGND +1/2 LSB
Bipolar Zero Error (AD7899-1, AD7899-2)
This is the deviation of the midscale transition (all 0s to all 1s) from the ideal AGND – 1/2 LSB.
Negative Gain Error (AD7899-1, AD7899-3)
This is the deviation of the first code transition (10 . . . 000 to 10 . . . 001) from the ideal –4 × V ± 10 V), –2 × V
+ 1/2 LSB (AD7899 at ±5 V range) or –V
REF
+ 1/2 LSB (AD7899 at
REF
REF
+ 1/2 LSB (AD7899 at ±2.5 V range) after Bipolar Zero Error has been adjusted out.
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
Track/Hold acquisition time is the time required for the output of the track/hold amplifier to reach its final value, within ±1/2 LSB, after the end of conversion (the point at which the track/hold returns to track mode). It also applies to situations where there is a step input change on the input voltage applied to the selected V
input of the AD7899. It means that the user must wait
INA/VINB
for the duration of the track/hold acquisition time after the end of conversion or after a step input change to V
INA/VINB
before starting another conversion, to ensure that the part operates to specification.
REV. A
–7–
Page 8
AD7899
CONVERTER DETAILS
The AD7899 is a high-speed, low-power, 14-bit A/D converter that operates from a single 5 V supply. The part contains a
2.2 µs successive-approximation ADC, track/hold amplifier, an internal 2.5 V reference and a high-speed parallel interface. The part accepts an analog input range of ±10 V or ±5 V (AD7899-1), 0 V to 2.5 V or 0 V to 5 V (AD7899-2) and ±2.5 V (AD7899-3). Overvoltage protection on the analog inputs for the part allows the input voltage to go to ±18 V (AD7899-1 with ±10 V input range), –9 V to +18 V (AD7899-1 with ± 5 V input range), –1 V to +18 V (AD7899-2) and –4 V to +18 V (AD7899-3) without causing damage.
A conversion is initiated on the AD7899 by pulsing the CONVST input. On the rising edge of CONVST, the on-chip track/hold is placed into hold and the conversion is started. The BUSY/EOC output signal is triggered high on the rising edge of CONVST and will remain high for the duration of the conversion sequence. The conversion clock for the part is generated internally using a laser-trimmed clock oscillator circuit. There is also the option of using an external clock. An external noncontinuous clock is applied to the CLKIN pin. If, on the rising edge of CONVST, this input is high, the external clock will be used. The external clock should not start until 100 ns after the rising edge of CONVST. The optimum throughput is obtained by using the internally gener­ated clocksee Using an External Clock. The BUSY/EOC signal indicates the end of the conversion, and at this time the Track and Hold returns to tracking mode. The conversion results can be read at the end of the conversion (indicated by BUSY/EOC going low) via a 14-bit parallel data bus with standard CS and RD signalssee Timing and Control.
Conversion time for the AD7899 is 2.2 µs and the track/hold acquisition time is 0.3 µs. To obtain optimum performance from the part, the read operation should not occur during a conversion or during the 150 ns prior to the next CONVST rising edge. This allows the part to operate at throughput rates up to 400 kHz and achieve data sheet specifications.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Track/Hold Section
The track/hold amplifier on the AD7899 allows the ADCs to accurately convert an input sine wave of full-scale amplitude to 14-bit accuracy. The input bandwidth of the track/hold is greater than the Nyquist rate of the ADC even when the ADC is oper­ated at its maximum throughput rate of 400 kSPS (i.e., the track/hold can handle input frequencies in excess of 200 kHz).
The track/hold amplifiers acquire input signals to 14-bit accuracy in less than 300 ns The operation of the track/hold is essentially transparent to the user. The track/hold amplifier samples the input channel on the rising edge of CONVST. The aperture time for the track/hold (i.e., the delay time between the
external CONVST signal and the track/hold actually going into hold) is typically 15 ns and, more importantly, is well matched from device to device. It allows multiple AD7899s to sample more than one channel simultaneously. At the end of a conversion, the part returns to its tracking mode. The acquisition time of the track/hold amplifier begins at this point.
Reference Section
The AD7899 contains a single reference pin, labelled
V
,
REF
which either provides access to the parts own 2.5 V reference or allows an external 2.5 V reference to be connected to provide the reference source for the part. The part is specified with a
2.5 V reference voltage.
To use the internal reference as the reference source for the AD7899, simply connect a 0.1 µF capacitor from the
V
pin
REF
to AGND. The voltage that appears at this pin is internally buffered before being applied to the ADC. If this reference is required for use external to the AD7899, it should be buffered, as the part has a FET switch in series with the reference output resulting in a source impedance for this output of 6 knominal. The tolerance on the internal reference is ±10 mV at 25°C with a typical temperature coefficient of 25 ppm/°C and a maximum error over temperature of ±20 mV.
If the application requires a reference with a tighter tolerance or the AD7899 needs to be used with a system reference, the user has the option of connecting an external reference to this
V
REF
pin. The external reference will effectively overdrive the internal reference and thus provide the reference source for the ADC. The reference input is buffered before being applied to the ADC with the maximum input current of ±100 µA. Suitable reference sources for the AD7899 include the AD680, AD780, REF192, and REF43 precision 2.5 V references.
Analog Input Section
The AD7899 is offered as three part types, the AD7899-1 where the input can be configured for ±10 V or a ± 5 V input voltage range, the AD7899-2 where the input can be configured for 0 V to 5 V or a 0 V to 2.5 V input voltage range and the AD7899-3 which handles input voltage range ±2.5 V. The amount of current flowing into the analog input will depend on the analog input range and the analog input voltage. The maximum current flows when negative full-scale is applied.
AD7899-1
Figure 2 shows the analog input section of the AD7899-1. The input can be configured for ±5 V or ±10 V operation on the AD7899-1. For ±5 V operation, the V
INA
and V
inputs are
INB
tied together and the input voltage is applied to both. For ±10 V operation, the V is applied to the V
input is tied to AGND and the input voltage
INB
input. The V
INA
INA
and V
inputs are sym-
INB
metrical and fully interchangeable.
–8–
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AD7899
AD7899-2
V
INA
TRACK/HOLD
TO ADC REFERENCE CIRCUITRY
TO INTERNAL COMPARATOR
R1
6k
2.5V
REFERENCE
R2
V
INB
V
REF
AD7899-1
2.5V
REFERENCE
6k
TO ADC
GND
REFERENCE CIRCUITRY
TRACK/HOLD
TO INTERNAL COMPARATOR
V
REF
V
INA
V
INB
R2
R3
R1
R4
Figure 2. AD7899-1 Analog Input Structure
For the AD7899-1, R1 = 4 k, R2 = 16 k, R3 = 16 k and R4 = 8 k. The resistor input stage is followed by the high input impedance stage of the track/hold amplifier.
The designed code transitions take place midway between suc­cessive integer LSB values (i.e., 1/2 LSB, 3/2 LSBs, 5/2 LSBs etc.) LSB size is given by the formula, 1 LSB = FSR/16384. For the ± 5 V range, 1 LSB = 10 V/16384 = 610.4 µV. For the ± 10 V range, 1 LSB = 20 V/16384 = 1.22 mV. Output coding is twos complement binary with 1 LSB = FSR/16384. The ideal input/output transfer function for the AD7899-1 is shown in Table I.
AD7899-2
Figure 3 shows the analog input section of the AD7899-2. Each input can be configured for 0 V to 5 V operation or 0 V to 2.5 V operation. For 0 V to 5 V operation, the V GND and the input voltage is applied to the V 0 V to 2.5 V operation, the V
INA
and V
INB
and the input voltage is applied to both. The V
input is tied to
INB
input. For
INA
inputs are tied together
and V
INA
INB
inputs are symmetrical and fully interchangeable.
For the AD7899-2, R1 = 4 k and R2 = 4 k. Once again, the designed code transitions occur on successive integer LSB values. Output coding is straight (natural) binary with 1 LSB = FSR/ 16384 = 2.5 V/16384 = 0.153 mV, and 5 V/16384 = 0.305 mV, for the 0 to 2.5 V and the 0 to 5 V options respectively. Table II shows the ideal input and output transfer function for the AD7899-2.
Table I. Ideal Input/Output Code Table for the AD7899-1
Analog Input
1
+FSR/2 – 3/2 LSB
2
Digital Output Code Transition
011 . . . 110 to 011 . . . 111 +FSR/2 – 5/2 LSB 011 . . . 101 to 011 . . . 110 +FSR/2 – 7/2 LSB 011 . . . 100 to 011 . . . 101
GND + 3/2 LSB 000 . . . 001 to 000 . . . 010 GND + 1/2 LSB 000 . . . 000 to 000 . . . 001 GND – 1/2 LSB 111 . . . 111 to 000 . . . 000 GND – 3/2 LSB 111 . . . 110 to 111 . . . 111
FSR/2 + 5/2 LSB 100 . . . 010 to 100 . . . 011FSR/2 + 3/2 LSB 100 . . . 001 to 100 . . . 010FSR/2 + 1/2 LSB 100 . . . 000 to 100 . . . 001
NOTES
1
FSR is full-scale range and is 20 V for the ±10 V range and 10 V for the ±5 V range, with V
2
1 LSB = FSR/16384 = 1.22 mV (± 10 V – AD7899-1) and 610.4 µV (±5 V – AD7899-1) with V
= 2.5 V.
REF
= 2.5 V.
REF
Analog Input
+FSR – 3/2 LSB +FSR – 5/2 LSB 111 . . . 101 to 111 . . . 110 +FSR – 7/2 LSB 111 . . . 100 to 111 . . . 101
GND + 5/2 LSB 000 . . . 010 to 000 . . . 011 GND + 3/2 LSB 000 . . . 001 to 000 . . . 010 GND + 1/2 LSB 000 . . . 000 to 000 . . . 001
NOTES
1
FSR is Full-Scale Range and is 0 to 2.5 V and 0 to 5 V for AD7899-2 with V = 2.5 V.
2
1 LSB = FSR/16384 and is 0.153 mV (0 to 2.5 V) and 0.305 mV (0 to 5 V) for AD7899-2 with V
Figure 3. AD7899-2 Analog Input Structure
Table II. Ideal Input/Output Code Table for the AD7899-2
1
REF
2
= 2.5 V.
Digital Output Code Transition
111 . . . 110 to 111 . . . 111
REF
REV. A
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Page 10
AD7899
AD7899-3
Figure 4 shows the analog input section of the AD7899-3. The analog input range is ±2.5 V on the V
input. The V
INA
INB
input can be left unconnected but if it is connected to a potential then that potential must be GND.
AD7899-3
2.5V
REFERENCE
6k
TO ADC
V
REF
V
INA
V
INB
R2
R1
REFERENCE CIRCUITRY
TRACK/HOLD
TO INTERNAL COMPARATOR
Figure 4. AD7899-3 Analog Input Structure
For the AD7899-3, R1 = 4 k and R2 = 4 k. The resistor input stage is followed by the high input impedance stage of the track/hold amplifier.
The designed code transitions take place midway between suc­cessive integer LSB values (i.e., 1/2 LSB, 3/2 LSBs, 5/2 LSBs etc.) LSB size is given by the formula, 1 LSB = FSR/16384. Output coding is twos complement binary with 1 LSB = FSR/ 16384 = 5 V/16384 = 610.4 µV. The ideal input/output transfer function for the AD7899-3 is shown in Table III.
Table III. Ideal Input/Output Code Table for the AD7899-3
Analog Input
l
+FSR/2 – 3/2 LSB
2
Digital Output Code Transition
011 . . . 110 to 011 . . . 111 +FSR/2 – 5/2 LSB 011 . . . 101 to 011 . . . 110 +FSR/2 – 7/2 LSB 011 . . . 100 to 011 . . . 101
GND + 3/2 LSB 000 . . . 001 to 000 . . . 010 GND + 1/2 LSB 000 . . . 000 to 000 . . . 001 GND – 1/2 LSB 111 . . . 111 to 000 . . . 000 GND – 3/2 LSB 111 . . . 110 to 111 . . . 111
FSR/2 + 5/2 LSB 100 . . . 010 to 100 . . . 011FSR/2 + 3/2 LSB 100 . . . 001 to 100 . . . 010FSR/2 + 1/2 LSB 100 . . . 000 to 100 . . . 001
NOTES
1
FSR is full-scale range is 5 V, with V
2
1 LSB = FSR/16384 = 610.4 µV (± 2.5 V – AD7899-3) with V
REF
= 2.5 V
= 2.5 V.
REF
TIMING AND CONTROL Starting a Conversion
The conversion is initiated by applying a rising edge to the CONVST signal. This places the track/hold into hold mode and starts the conversion. The status of the conversion is indicated by the dual function signal BUSY/EOC. The AD7899 can operate in two conversion modes, EOC (End Of Conversion) mode and BUSY mode. The operating mode is determined by the state of CONVST at the end of the conversion.
Selecting a Conversion Clock
The AD7899 has an internal laser trimmed oscillator which can be used to control the conversion process. Alternatively an external clock source can be used to control the conversion process. The highest external clock frequency allowed is 6.5 MHz. This means a conversion time of 2.46 µs compared to 2.2 µs using the inter- nal clock. However in some instances it may be useful to use an external clock when high throughput rates are not required. For example two or more AD7899s may be synchronized by using the same external clock for all devices. In this way there is no latency between output logic signals due to differences in the frequency of the internal clock oscillators.
On the rising edge of CONVST the AD7899 will examine the status of the CLKIN pin. If this pin is low it will use the internal laser trimmed oscillator as the conversion clock. If the CLKIN pin is high the AD7899 will wait for an external clock to be supplied to this pin which will then be used as the conversion clock. The first falling edge of the external clock should not happen for at least 100 ns after the rising edge of CONVST to ensure correct operation. Figure 5 shows how the BUSY/EOC output is synchro­nized to the CLKIN signal. Each conversion requires 16 clocks. The result of the conversion is transferred to the output data register on the falling edge of the 15th clock cycle. When the internal clock is selected the status of the CLKIN pin is free to change during conversion but the CLKIN setup and hold times must be observed in order to ensure that the correct conversion clock is used. The CLKIN pin can also be tied low permanently if the internal conversion clock is to be used.
t
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11121314 1516
CLKIN
t
11
CONVST
BUSY/EOC
RD
CS
Figure 5. Using an External Clock
–10–
REV. A
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CLKIN
CONVST
BUSY/EOC
RD
CS
AD7899
t
10
t
9
t
1
t
EOC
t
2
t
CONV
t
8
t
3
t
ACQ
QUIET
TIME
t
5
t
4
DATA
THREE-STATE
Figure 6. Conversion Sequence Timing Diagram (EOC Mode)
t
10
t
9
CLKIN
CONVST
BUSY/EOC
DATA
RD
CS
t
1
THREE-STATE
t
CONV
Figure 7. Conversion Sequence Timing Diagram (BUSY Mode)
EOC Mode
The CONVST signal is normally high. Pulsing the CONVST low will initiate a conversion on its rising edge. The state of the
CONVST signal is checked at the end of conversion. Since the CONVST will be high when this happens the AD7899 BUSY/ EOC pin will take on its EOC function and bring the BUSY/EOC
line low for one clock period before returning high again. In this mode the EOC can be tied to the RD and CS signals to allow automatic reading of the conversion result if required. The timing diagram for operation in EOC mode is shown in Figure 6.
BUSY Mode
The CONVST signal is normally low. Pulsing the CONVST high will initiate a conversion on its rising edge. The state of the
CONVST signal is checked at the end of conversion. Since the CONVST will be low when this happens the AD7899 BUSY/ EOC pin will take on its BUSY function will bring BUSY/EOC
low, indicating that the conversion is complete. BUSY/EOC will remain low until the next rising edge of CONVST where BUSY/ EOC returns high. The timing diagram for operation in BUSY mode is shown in Figure 7.
THREE-STATE
t
6
t
8
t
5
t
3
t
6
t
7
t
ACQ
QUIET
TIME
t
4
THREE-STATE
t
7
Continuous Conversion Mode
When the AD7899 is used with an external clock, connecting the CLKIN and CONVST signals together will cause the AD7899 to continuously perform conversions. As each conversion com­pletes the BUSY/EOC pin will pulse low for one clock period (EOC function) indicating that the conversion result is available. Figure 8 shows the timing and control sequence of the AD7899 in Continuous Conversion Mode.
Reading Data from the AD7899
Data is read from the part via a 14-bit parallel data bus with standard CS and RD signals. The CS and RD inputs are inter­nally gated to enable the conversion result onto the data bus. The data lines DB0 to DB13 leave their high impedance state when both CS and RD are logic low. Therefore CS may be permanently tied logic low and the RD signal used to access the conversion result if required. Figures 6 and 7 show a timing specification called Quiet Time. This is the amount of time which should be left after a read operation and before the next conversion is initiated. The quiet time depends heavily on data bus capacitance but a figure of 50 ns to 100 ns is typical, with a worst case figure of 150 ns.
REV. A
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AD7899
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
CONVST/
CLKIN
EOC
1
START OF NEW
CONVERSION
(INPUT SAMPLED)
Figure 8. Continuous Conversion Mode
Standby Mode Operation
The AD7899 has a Standby Mode whereby the device can be placed in a low current consumption mode (5 µA typ). The AD7899 is placed in Standby by bringing the logic input STBY low. The AD7899 can be powered again up for normal opera­tion by bringing STBY logic high. The output data buffers are still operational while the AD7899 is in Standby. This means the user can still continue to access the conversion results while the AD7899 is in standby. This feature can be used to reduce the average power consumption in a system using low throughput rates. To reduce the average power consumption, the AD7899 can be placed in standby at the end of each conversion sequence and taken out of standby again prior to the start of the next conversion sequence. The time it takes the AD7899 to come out of standby is called the wake up time. This wake-up time will limit the maximum throughput rate at which the AD7899 can be operated when powering down between conversions. When the AD7899 is used with the internal reference, the reference capacitor will begin to discharge during standby. The voltage remaining on the capacitor at wake-up time will depend upon the standby time and hence affect the wake-up time. The mini­mum wake-up time is typically 2 µs. The maximum wake-up time will be when the AD7899 has been in standby long enough for the reference capacitor to fully discharge. The wake-up time in this case will typically be 15 ms. The AD7899 will wake up in approximately 1 µs when using an external reference, regardless of sleep time.
When operating the AD7899 in a Standby mode between con­versions, the power savings can be significant. For example, with a throughput rate of 10 kSPS and an external reference, the AD7899 will be powered up for 4.2 µs out of every 100 µs (2 µs for wake-up time and 2.2 µs for conversion time). Therefore, the average power consumption drops to 80 mW × 4.2% or approxi­mately 3.36 mW.
AD7899 DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS
The AD7899 is specified and 100% tested for dynamic perfor­mance specifications as well as traditional dc specifications such as Integral and Differential Nonlinearity. These ac specifications are required for the signal processing applications such as phased array sonar, adaptive filters, and spectrum analysis. These appli­cations require information on the ADCs effect on the spectral content of the input signal. Hence, the parameters for which the AD7899 is specified include SNR, harmonic distortion, inter­modulation distortion, and peak harmonics. These terms are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
15 16
CONVERSION
COMPLETE
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
SNR is the measured signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the ADC. The signal is the rms magnitude of the fundamental. Noise is the rms sum of all the nonfundamental signals up to half the sampling frequency (f
/2) excluding dc. SNR is dependent
S
upon the number of quantization levels used in the digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. The theoretical signal to noise ratio for a sine wave input is given by
SNR = (6.02N + 1.76) dB (1)
where N is the number of bits.
Thus for an ideal 14-bit converter, SNR = 86.04 dB.
Figure 9 shows a histogram plot for 8192 conversions of a dc input using the AD7899 with 5 V supply. The analog input was set at the center of a code transition. It can be seen that most of the codes appear in one output bin, indicating very good noise performance from the ADC.
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Figure 9. Histogram of 8192 Conversions of a DC Input
The output spectrum from the ADC is evaluated by applying a sine wave signal of very low distortion to the analog input. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) plot is generated from which the SNR data can be obtained. Figure 10 shows a typical 4096 point FFT plot of the AD7899 with an input signal of 100 kHz and a sampling frequency of 400 kHz. The SNR obtained from this graph is 80.5 dB. It should be noted that the harmonics are taken into account when calculating the SNR.
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AD7899
FREQUENCY Hz
140
dB
0 50000
100000 150000 200000
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2000
4000 16000
1.00
ADC – Code
–1.00
INL – LSB
6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
–0.50
0
0.50
0 2000
4000 16000
1.00
ADC – Code
–1.00
DNL – LSB
6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
–0.50
0
0.50
0
–20
fs = 400kHz
40
60
dB
80
100
120
140
0 50000
100000 150000 200000
FREQUENCY – Hz
fIN = 100kHz SNR = 80.5dB
Figure 10. FFT Plot
Effective Number of Bits
The formula given in Equation 1 relates the SNR to the number of bits. Rewriting the formula, as in Equation 2, it is possible to obtain a measure of performance expressed in effective number of bits (N).
SNR 1. 7 6
N =
6.02
(2)
The effective number of bits for a device can be calculated directly from its measured SNR. Figure 11 shows a typical plot of effec­tive number of bits versus frequency for an AD7899.
second and third order terms are specified separately. The cal­culation of the intermodulation distortion is as per the THD specification where it is the ratio of the rms sum of the indi­vidual distortion products to the rms amplitude of the fundamental expressed in dBs. In this case, the input consists of two, equal amplitude, low distortion sine waves. Figure 12 shows a typical IMD plot for the AD7899.
Figure 12. IMD Plot
AC Linearity Plots
The plots in Figure 13 show typical DNL and INL for the AD7899.
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
ENOB
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
100
INPUT FREQUENCY – kHz
1000 10000
–55ⴗC
+25ⴗC
+125ⴗC
Figure 11. Effective Numbers of Bits vs. Frequency
Intermodulation Distortion
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create distortion products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb where m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3 . . ., etc. Intermodulation terms are those for which neither m nor n are equal to zero. For example, the sec­ond order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa – fb) while the third order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa – fb), (fa + 2fb) and (fa – 2fb).
The AD7899 is tested using two input frequencies. In this case the second and third order terms are of different significance. The second order terms are usually distanced in frequency from the original sine waves while the third order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input frequencies. As a result, the
REV. A
–13–
Figure 13. Typical DNL and INL Plots
Page 14
AD7899
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
The high-speed parallel interface of the AD7899 allows easy interfacing to most DSPs and microprocessors. The AD7899 interface of the AD7899 consists of the data lines (DB0 to DB13), CS, RD, and BUSY/EOC.
AD7899–ADSP-21xx Interface
Figure 14 shows an interface between the AD7899 and the ADSP-21xx. The CONVST signal can be generated by the ADSP-21xx or from some other external source. Figure 14 shows the CS being generated by a combination of the DMS signal and the address bus of the ADSP-21xx. In this way the AD7899 is mapped into the data memory space of the ADSP-21xx.
The AD7899 BUSY/EOC line provides an interrupt to the ADSP-21xx when the conversion is complete. The conversion result can then be read from the AD7899 using a read operation. The AD7899 is read using the following instruction
MR0 = DM(ADC)
where MR0 is the ADSP-21xx MR0 register and ADC is the AD7899 address.
ADSP-21xx
ADDRESS
DECODE
CS
V
IN
RD
A0–A13
DMS
RD
AD7899–TMS320C5x Interface
Figure 15 shows an interface between the AD7899 and the TMS320C5x. As with the previous interfaces, conversion can be initiated from the TMS320C5x or from an external source and the processor is interrupted when the conversion sequence is completed. The CS signal to the AD7899 derived from the DS signal and a decode of the address bus. This maps the AD7899 into external data memory. The RD signal from the TMS320 is used to enable the ADC data onto the data bus. The AD7899 has a fast parallel bus so there are no wait state requirements. The following instruction is used to read the conversion results from the AD7899:
IN D,ADC
where D is Data Memory address and ADC is the AD7899 address.
TMS320C5x
A0–A13
DS
RD
D0–D13
INTn
V
IN
DB0–DB13
AD7899
BUSY/EOC
CS
RD
ADDRESS
DECODE
DB0–DB13
AD7899
BUSY/EOC
CONVST
D8–D21
IRQn
DT1/F0
Figure 14. AD7899–ADSP-21xx Interface
CONVST
PA0
Figure 15. AD7899–TMS320C5x Interface
–14–
REV. A
Page 15
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.009 (0.229)
0.005 (0.127)
0.03 (0.762)
0.022 (0.558)
8° 0°
0.008 (0.203)
0.002 (0.050)
0.07 (1.79)
0.066 (1.67)
0.078 (1.98)
0.068 (1.73)
0.015 (0.38)
0.010 (0.25)
SEATING
PLANE
0.0256 (0.65)
BSC
0.311 (7.9)
0.301 (7.64)
0.212 (5.38)
0.205 (5.21)
28 15
141
0.407 (10.34)
0.397 (10.08)
PIN 1
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
28-Lead Small Outline
(R-28)
0.7125 (18.10)
0.6969 (17.70)
AD7899
28 15
PIN 1
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0118 (0.30)
0.0040 (0.10)
0.0500 (1.27)
BSC
0.0138 (0.35)
28-Lead Shrink Small Outline
141
0.1043 (2.65)
0.0926 (2.35)
SEATING PLANE
(RS-28)
0.2992 (7.60)
0.2914 (7.40)
0.4193 (10.65)
0.3937 (10.00)
0.0125 (0.32)
0.0091 (0.23)
0.0291 (0.74)
0.0098 (0.25)
8 0
45
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0157 (0.40)
AD7899–Revision History
Location Page
Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Edit to Timing page heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Edit to Converter Details section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Edit to Figure 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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REV. A
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C01365–0–6/01(A)
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PRINTED IN U.S.A.
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