Four Buffered 12-Bit DACs in 10-Lead microSOIC
Low Power Operation: 500 A @ 3 V, 600 A @ 5 V
2-Wire (I
2C®
-Compatible) Serial Interface
2.5 V to 5.5 V Power Supply
Guaranteed Monotonic By Design Over All Codes
Power-Down to 80 nA @ 3 V, 200 nA @ 5 V
Double-Buffered Input Logic
Output Range: 0–V
REF
Power-On-Reset to Zero Volts
Simultaneous Update of Outputs (LDAC Function)
Software Clear Facility
Data Readback Facility
On-Chip Rail-to-Rail Output Buffer Amplifiers
ⴗ
Temperature Range –40
C to +105ⴗC
APPLICATIONS
Portable Battery-Powered Instruments
Digital Gain and Offset Adjustment
Programmable Voltage and Current Sources
Programmable Attenuators
Industrial Process Control
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325*
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 are quad 8-, 10- and 12-bit
buffered voltage output DACs in a 10-lead microSOIC package
that operate from a single 2.5 V to 5.5 V supply consuming
500 µA at 3 V. Their on-chip output amplifiers allow rail-to-rail
output swing with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs. A 2-wire serial interface is used which operates at clock rates up to 400 kHz. This
interface is SMBus-compatible at V
can be placed on the same bus.
The references for the four DACs are derived from one reference
pin. The outputs of all DACs may be updated simultaneously
using the software LDAC function. The parts incorporate a
power-on-reset circuit that ensures that the DAC outputs power
up to zero volts and remain there until a valid write takes place
to the device. There is also a software clear function which resets
all input and DAC registers to 0 V. The parts contain a powerdown feature that reduces the current consumption of the devices
to 200 nA @ 5 V (80 nA @ 3 V).
The low power consumption of these parts in normal operation
makes them ideally suited to portable battery-operated equipment. The power consumption is 3 mW at 5 V, 1.5 mW at 3 V,
reducing to 1 µW in power-down mode.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
V
DD
REF IN
< 3.6 V. Multiple devices
DD
LDAC
INPUT
REGISTER
SCL
SDA
A0
*Protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,969,657; other patents pending.
I2C is a registered trademark of Philips Corporation.
INTERFACE
LOGIC
POWER-ON
RESET
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
INPUT
REGISTER
REV. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Resolution8Bits
Relative Accuracy± 0.15± 1LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.02± 0.25LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5315
Resolution10Bits
Relative Accuracy± 0.5± 4LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.05± 0.5LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
AD5325
Resolution12Bits
Relative Accuracy± 2± 16LSB
Differential Nonlinearity± 0.2± 1LSBGuaranteed Monotonic by Design Over All Codes
Offset Error± 0.4± 3% of FSR
Gain Error± 0.15± 1% of FSR
Lower Deadband2060mVLower Deadband Exists Only If Offset Error Is Negative
Offset Error Drift
Gain Error Drift
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
DC Crosstalk
DAC REFERENCE INPUTS
V
Input Range0.25V
REF
V
Input Impedance3745kΩNormal Operation
REF
5
5
5
5
5
–12ppm of FSR/°C
–5ppm of FSR/°C
–60dB∆VDD = ±10%
200µVR
DD
V
= 2 k⍀ to GND or V
L
DD
>10MΩPower-Down Mode
Reference Feedthrough–90dBFrequency = 10 kHz
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Minimum Output Voltage
Maximum Output Voltage
5
6
6
0.001VThis is a measure of the minimum and maximum drive
VDD – 0.001Vcapability of the output amplifier.
DC Output Impedance0.5Ω
Short Circuit Current25mAVDD = 5 V
16mAVDD = 3 V
Power-Up Time2.5µsComing Out of Power-Down Mode. VDD = 5 V
VIH, Input High Voltage0.7 V
VIL, Input Low Voltage–0.30.3 V
5
DD
VDD+ 0.3VSMBus-Compatible at VDD < 3.6 V
VSMBus-Compatible at VDD < 3.6 V
DD
IIN, Input Leakage Current± 1µA
V
, Input Hysteresis0.05 V
HYST
DD
V
CIN, Input Capacitance8pF
Glitch Rejection50nsInput filtering suppresses noise spikes of less than 50 ns.
LOGIC OUTPUT (SDA)
VOL, Output Low Voltage0.4VI
5
= 3 mA
0.6VI
SINK
SINK
= 6 mA
Three-State Leakage Current± 1µA
Three-State Output Capacitance8pF
POWER REQUIREMENTS
V
DD
IDD (Normal Mode)
7
2.55.5V
VIH = VDD and VIL = GND
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V600900µA
VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V500700µA
IDD (Power-Down Mode)VIH = VDD and VIL = GND,
VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V0.21µAI
VDD = 2.5 V to 3.6 V0.081µAI
= 4 µA (Max) During “0” Readback on SDA
DD
= 1.5 µA (Max) During “0” Readback on SDA
DD
–2–
REV. B
Page 3
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
NOTES
1
See Terminology.
2
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C; typical at 25°C.
3
DC specifications tested with the outputs unloaded.
4
Linearity is tested using a reduced code range: AD5305 (Code 8 to 248); AD5315 (Code 28 to 995); AD5325 (Code 115 to 3981).
5
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
6
For the amplifier output to reach its minimum voltage, Offset Error must be negative; to reach its maximum voltage, V
7
IDD specification is valid for all DAC codes. Interface inactive. All DACs active and excluding load currents.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
= VDD and “Offset plus Gain” Error must be positive.
REF
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V; RL = 2 k⍀ to GND; CL = 200 pF to GND; all specifications T
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Output Voltage Settling TimeV
2
1
otherwise noted.)
B Version
MinTypMaxUnitConditions/Comments
3
= VDD = 5 V
REF
AD530568µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
AD531579µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
AD5325810µs1/4 Scale to 3/4 Scale
Change
Change
Change
to T
MIN
(40 Hex to C0 Hex)
(100 Hex to 300 Hex)
(400 Hex to C00 Hex)
Slew Rate0.7V/µs
Major-Code Transition Glitch Energy12nV-s1 LSB Change Around Major Carry
Digital Feedthrough1nV-s
Digital Crosstalk1nV-s
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk3nV-s
Multiplying Bandwidth200kHzV
Total Harmonic Distortion–70dBV
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
2
See Terminology.
3
Temperature range: B Version: –40°C to +105°C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
Limit at T
MIN
, T
MAX
; typical at 25°C.
1, 2
(VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V. All specifications T
= 2 V ± 0.1 V p-p
REF
= 2.5 V ± 0.1 V p-p. Frequency = 10 kHz
REF
to T
MIN
unless otherwise noted)
MAX
Parameter(B Version)UnitConditions/Comments
F
SCL
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
3
t
6
t
7
t
8
t
9
t
10
t
11
C
B
NOTES
1
See Figure 1.
2
Guaranteed by design and characterization, not production tested.
3
CB is the total capacitance of one bus line in pF. tR and tF measured between 0.3 VDD and 0.7 VDD.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
400kHz maxSCL Clock Frequency
2.5µs minSCL Cycle Time
0.6µs mint
1.3µs mint
0.6µs mint
100ns mint
0.9µs maxt
0µs mint
0.6µs mint
0.6µs mint
1.3µs mint
, SCL High Time
HIGH
, SCL Low Time
LOW
, Start/Repeated Start Condition Hold Time
HD,STA
, Data Setup Time
SU,DAT
, Data Hold Time
HD,DAT
, Data Hold Time
HD,DAT
, Setup Time for Repeated Start
SU,STA
, Stop Condition Setup Time
SU,STO
, Bus Free Time Between a STOP and a START Condition
BUF
300ns maxtR, Rise Time of SCL and SDA when Receiving
0ns mint
, Rise Time of SCL and SDA when Receiving (CMOS-Compatible)
R
250ns maxtF, Fall Time of SDA when Transmitting
0ns mint
300ns maxt
20 + 0.1C
3
B
ns mintF, Fall Time of SCL and SDA when Transmitting
, Fall Time of SDA when Receiving (CMOS-Compatible)
F
, Fall Time of SCL and SDA when Receiving
F
400pF maxCapacitive Load for Each Bus Line
MAX
unless
REV. B
–3–
Page 4
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
SDA
SCL
t
9
START
CONDITION
t
3
t
4
t
10
t
6
t
2
Figure 1. Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Diagram
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
1, 2
VDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
SCL, SDA to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–0.3 V to V
A0 to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–0.3 V to V
Reference Input Voltage to GND . . . . –0.3 V to V
A–D to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Time at Peak Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 sec to 40 sec
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; and functional operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up.
JA
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage
may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ORDERING GUIDE
TemperaturePackagePackageBranding
ModelRangeDescriptionOptionInformation
AD5305BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DEB
AD5315BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DFB
AD5325BRM–40°C to +105°C10-Lead microSOICRM-10DGB
–4–
REV. B
Page 5
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
PIN CONFIGURATION
V
1
DD
A
2
B
3
C
4
5
AD5305/
AD5315/
AD5325
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
V
OUT
V
OUT
V
OUT
REFIN
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
No.MnemonicFunction
1V
DD
Power Supply Input. These parts can be operated from 2.5 V to 5.5 V and the supply should be
decoupled to GND.
2V
3V
4V
ABuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC A. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
BBuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC B. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
CBuffered Analog Output Voltage from DAC C. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
5REFINReference Input Pin for All Four DACs. It has an input range from 0.25 V to V
6V
DBuffered analog output voltage from DAC D. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation.
OUT
7GNDGround Reference Point for All Circuitry on the Part.
8SDASerial Data Line. This is used in conjunction with the SCL line to clock data into or out of the 16-bit
input shift register. It is a bidirectional open-drain data line that should be pulled to the supply with
an external pull-up resistor.
9SCLSerial Clock Line. This is used in conjunction with the SDA line to clock data into or out of the 16-bit
input shift register. Clock rates of up to 400 kbit/s can be accommodated in the 2-wire interface.
10A0Address Input. Sets the least significant bit of the 7-bit slave address.
A0
10
SCL
9
SDA
8
GND
7
6
V
D
OUT
.
DD
TERMINOLOGY
RELATIVE ACCURACY
For the DAC, relative accuracy or integral nonlinearity (INL) is
a measure of the maximum deviation, in LSBs, from a straight
line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function.
Typical INL versus Code plots can be seen in Figures 4, 5, and 6.
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between the
measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two
adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB
maximum ensures monotonicity. This DAC is guaranteed monotonic by design. Typical DNL versus Code plots can be seen in
Figures 7, 8, and 9.
OFFSET ERROR
This is a measure of the offset error of the DAC and the output
amplifier. It is expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
GAIN ERROR
This is a measure of the span error of the DAC. It is the deviation in slope of the actual DAC transfer characteristic from the
ideal expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range.
OFFSET ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in offset error with changes
in temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
GAIN ERROR DRIFT
This is a measure of the change in gain error with changes
in temperature. It is expressed in (ppm of full-scale range)/°C.
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR)
This indicates how the output of the DAC is affected by
changes in the supply voltage. PSRR is the ratio of the change
in V
to a change in VDD for full-scale output of the DAC. It is
OUT
measured in dBs. V
is held at 2 V and VDD is varied ± 10%.
REF
DC CROSSTALK
This is the dc change in the output level of one DAC at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s
and vice versa) and output change of another DAC. It is
expressed in µV.
REFERENCE FEEDTHROUGH
This is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the DAC
output to the reference input when the DAC output is not
being updated. It is expressed in dBs.
REV. B
–5–
Page 6
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
MAJOR-CODE TRANSITION GLITCH ENERGY
Major-code transition glitch energy is the energy of the impulse
injected into the analog output when the code in the DAC
register changes state. It is normally specified as the area of the
glitch in nV-secs and is measured when the digital code is changed
by 1 LSB at the major carry transition (011 . . . 11 to 100 . . . 00
or 100 . . . 00 to 011 . . . 11).
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
Digital feedthrough is a measure of the impulse injected into the
analog output of the DAC from the digital input pins of the
device when the DAC output is not being updated. It is specified
in nV-secs and is measured with a worst-case change on the
digital input pins, e.g., from all 0s to all 1s or vice versa.
DIGITAL CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC
at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all
1s and vice versa) in the input register of another DAC. It is
expressed in nV-secs.
DAC-TO-DAC CROSSTALK
This is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC
due to a digital code change and subsequent output change of
another DAC. This includes both digital and analog crosstalk. It
is measured by loading one of the DACs with a full-scale code
change (all 0s to all 1s and vice versa) with the LDAC bit set low
and monitoring the output of another DAC. The energy of the
glitch is expressed in nV-secs.
GAIN ERROR
PLUS
OFFSET ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
FOOTROOM
(1mV)
NEGATIVE
OFFSET
ERROR
IDEAL
ACTUAL
DAC CODE
DEADBAND CODES
Figure 2. Transfer Function with Negative Offset
MULTIPLYING BANDWIDTH
The amplifiers within the DAC have a finite bandwidth. The
multiplying bandwidth is a measure of this. A sine wave on the
reference (with full-scale code loaded to the DAC) appears on
the output. The multiplying bandwidth is the frequency at which
the output amplitude falls to 3 dB below the input.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
This is the difference between an ideal sine wave and its attenuated
version using the DAC. The sine wave is used as the reference
for the DAC and the THD is a measure of the harmonics present
on the DAC output. It is measured in dBs.
GAIN ERROR
PLUS
OFFSET ERROR
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
POSITIVE
OFFSET
ACTUAL
IDEAL
DAC CODE
Figure 3. Transfer Function with Positive Offset
–6–
REV. B
Page 7
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
1.0
TA = 25ⴗC
V
= 5V
DD
0.5
0
INL ERROR – LSBs
–0.5
–1.0
50250100150200
0
CODE
Figure 4. AD5305 Typical INL Plot
0.3
TA = 25ⴗC
V
= 5V
DD
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.2
3
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
2
1
0
–1
INL ERROR – LSBs
–2
–3
0
2001000
400600800
CODE
Figure 5. AD5315 Typical INL Plot
0.6
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.4
12
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
8
DD
4
0
–4
INL ERROR – LSBs
–8
–12
04000
100020003000
CODE
Figure 6. AD5325 Typical INL Plot
1
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
0.5
0
DNL ERROR – LSBs
–0.5
–0.3
050250100150200
CODE
Figure 7. AD5305 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.25
MAX INLMAX DNL
0
ERROR – LSBs
–0.25
–0.5
015234
MIN DNL
MIN INL
V
REF
– V
Figure 10. AD5305 INL and DNL
Error vs. V
REF
–0.6
2000
CODE
600400
8001000
Figure 8. AD5315 Typical DNL Plot
0.5
VDD = 5V
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
–0.1
ERROR – LSBs
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
= 3V
V
REF
0
ⴚ40040
MAX INL
MAX DNL
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
MIN DNL
MIN INL
80120
Figure 11. AD5305 INL Error and
DNL Error vs. Temperature
–1
10000
2000
CODE
30004000
Figure 9. AD5325 Typical DNL Plot
1
VDD = 5V
= 2V
V
REF
0.5
0
ERROR – %
–0.5
–1
ⴚ40040
OFFSET ERROR
GAIN ERROR
80120
TEMPERATURE – ⴰC
Figure 12. AD5305 Offset Error and
Gain Error vs. Temperature
REV. B
–7–
Page 8
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
0.2
TA = 25ⴰC
ERROR – %
0.1
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
–0.6
= 2V
V
REF
0
OFFSET ERROR
013
25
VDD – Volts
GAIN ERROR
46
Figure 13. Offset Error and Gain
Error vs. V
600
500
400
300
– A
DD
I
200
100
0
2.5
DD
ⴚ40ⴰC
+105ⴰC
3.04.04.5
VDD – Volts
+25ⴰC
5
5V SOURCE
3
– Volts
OUT
2
V
1
0
013446
Figure 14. V
3V SOURCE
5V SINK
25
SINK/SOURCE CURRENT – mA
Source and Sink
OUT
3V SINK
Current Capability
0.5
0.4
0.3
– A
DD
I
0.2
0.1
0
5.53.55.0
3.04.0
2.5
ⴙ25ⴰC
VDD – Volts
ⴚ40ⴰC
ⴙ105ⴰC
4.55.53.5
5.0
600
TA = 25ⴰC
= 5V
V
DD
500
400
300
– A
DD
I
200
100
ZERO – SCALEFULL – SCALE
=2V
V
REF
0
CODE
Figure 15. Supply Current vs. DAC
Code
750
TA = 25ⴗC
VDD = 5V
650
– A
DD
I
550
450
DECREASING
VDD = 3V
0
1.02.03.04.05.0
V
LOGIC
INCREASING
– Volts
Figure 16. Supply Current vs. Supply
Voltage
TA = 25ⴗC
5µs
= 5V
V
DD
= 5V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
CH2
SCL
CH1 1V, CH2 5V, TIME BASE = 1s/DIV
Figure 19. Half-Scale Settling (1/4 to
3/4 Scale Code Change)
Figure 17. Power-Down Current vs.
Supply Voltage
TA = 25ⴗC
5µs
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
DD
V
A
CH2
CH1 2V, CH2 200mV, TIME BASE = 200s/DIV
OUT
Figure 20. Power-On Reset to 0 V
Figure 18. Supply Current vs. Logic
Input Voltage for SDA and SCL Voltage Increasing and Decreasing
TA = 25ⴗC
= 5V
V
DD
= 2V
V
REF
CH1
V
A
OUT
SCL
CH2
CH1 500mV, CH2 5V, TIME BASE = 1s/DIV
Figure 21. Exiting Power-Down to
Midscale
–8–
REV. B
Page 9
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
VDD = 5VVDD = 3V
FREQUENCY
300350600400450 500 550
IDD – A
Figure 22. IDD Histogram with
= 3 V and VDD = 5 V
V
DD
0.02
VDD = 5V
= 25ⴗC
T
A
0.01
0
2.50
2.49
– Volts
OUT
V
2.48
2.47
1s/DIV
Figure 23. AD5325 Major-Code
Transition Glitch Energy
1mV/DIV
10
0
–10
–20
dB
–30
–40
–50
–60
0.01
0.11101001k10k
FREQUENCY – kHz
Figure 24. Multiplying Bandwidth
(Small-Signal Frequency Response)
–0.01
FULL-SCALE ERROR – Volts
–0.02
013
25
V
REF
46
– Volts
Figure 25. Full-Scale Error vs. V
REF
50ns/DIV
Figure 26. DAC–DAC Crosstalk
REV. B
–9–
Page 10
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 are quad resistor-string DACs
fabricated on a CMOS process with resolutions of 8, 10, and 12
bits respectively. Each contains four output buffer amplifiers and
is written to via a 2-wire serial interface. They operate from
single supplies of 2.5 V to 5.5 V, and the output buffer amplifiers
provide rail-to-rail output swing with a slew rate of 0.7 V/µs. The
four DACs share a single reference input pin. The devices have
three programmable power-down modes, in which all DACs may
be turned off completely with a high-impedance output, or the
outputs may be pulled low by on-chip resistors.
Digital-to-Analog Section
The architecture of one DAC channel consists of a resistor-string
DAC followed by an output buffer amplifier. The voltage at the
REFIN pin provides the reference voltage for the DAC. Figure
27 shows a block diagram of the DAC architecture. Since the
input coding to the DAC is straight binary, the ideal output voltage is given by:
VD
×
V
OUT
REF
=
N
2
where
D = decimal equivalent of the binary code, which is loaded to the
DAC register;
0–255 for AD5305 (8 Bits)
0–1023 for AD5315 (10 Bits)
0–4095 for AD5325 (12 Bits)
N = DAC resolution
REFIN
DAC Reference Inputs
There is a single reference input pin for the four DACs. The
reference input is unbuffered. The user can have a reference
voltage as low as 0.25 V and as high as V
since there is no
DD
restriction due to headroom and footroom of any reference
amplifier.
It is recommended to use a buffered reference in the external
circuit (e.g., REF192). The input impedance is typically 45 kΩ.
Output Amplifier
The output buffer amplifier is capable of generating rail-to-rail
voltages on its output, which gives an output range of 0 V to V
DD
when the reference is VDD. It is capable of driving a load of
2 kΩ to GND or V
in parallel with 500 pF to GND or VDD.
DD,
The source and sink capabilities of the output amplifier can be
seen in the plot in Figure 14.
The slew rate is 0.7 V/µs with a half-scale settling time to± 0.5 LSB (at 8 bits) of 6 µs.
POWER-ON RESET
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 are provided with a power-on
reset function, so that they power up in a defined state. The
power-on state is:
– Normal operation.
– Output voltage set to 0 V.
Both input and DAC registers are filled with zeros and remain
so until a valid write sequence is made to the device. This is particularly useful in applications where it is important to know the
state of the DAC outputs while the device is powering up.
INPUT
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
RESISTOR
STRING
OUTPUT BUFFER
AMPLIFIER
A
V
OUT
Figure 27. DAC Channel Architecture
Resistor String
The resistor string section is shown in Figure 28. It is simply a
string of resistors, each of value R. The digital code loaded to the
DAC register determines at what node on the string the voltage
is tapped off to be fed into the output amplifier. The voltage is
tapped off by closing one of the switches connecting the string to
the amplifier. Because it is a string of resistors, it is guaranteed
monotonic.
R
R
R
R
R
TO OUTPUT
AMPLIFIER
SERIAL INTERFACE
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 are controlled via an I2Ccompatible serial bus. The DACs are connected to this bus as
slave devices (i.e., no clock is generated by the AD5305/AD5315/
AD5325 DACs). This interface is SMBus-compatible at V
DD
< 3.6 V.
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 have a 7-bit slave address. The
6 MSBs are 000110 and the LSB is determined by the state of
the A0 pin. The facility to make hardwired changes to A0 allows
the user to use up to two of these devices on one bus.
The 2-wire serial bus protocol operates as follows:
1. The master initiates data transfer by establishing a START
condition, which is when a high-to-low transition on the SDA
line occurs while SCL is high. The following byte is the address byte which consists of the 7-bit slave address followed
by a R/W bit (this bit determines whether data will be read
from or written to the slave device).
The slave whose address corresponds to the transmitted
address responds by pulling SDA low during the ninth clock
pulse (this is termed the acknowledge bit). At this stage, all
other devices on the bus remain idle while the selected device
waits for data to be written to or read from its shift register.
2. Data is transmitted over the serial bus in sequences of nine
clock pulses (8-data bits followed by an acknowledge bit). The
transitions on the SDA line must occur during the low period
of SCL and remain stable during the high period of SCL.
Figure 28. Resistor String
–10–
REV. B
Page 11
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
3. When all data bits have been read or written, a STOP condition
is established. In write mode, the master will pull the SDA
line high during the tenth clock pulse to establish a STOP
condition. In read mode, the master will issue a No Acknowledge for the ninth clock pulse (i.e., the SDA line remains
high). The master will then bring the SDA line low before
the tenth clock pulse and then high during the tenth clock
pulse to establish a STOP condition.
Read/Write Sequence
In the case of the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325, all write access
sequences and most read sequences begin with the device address
(with R/W = 0) followed by the pointer byte. This pointer byte
specifies the data format and determines which DAC is being
accessed in the subsequent read/write operation. (See Figure 29.)
In a write operation the data follows immediately. In a read
operation the address is resent with R/W = 1 and then the data
is read back. However, it is also possible to perform a read operation by sending only the address with R/W = 1. The previously
loaded pointer settings are then used for the readback operation.
See overleaf for a graphical explanation of the interface.
LSBMSB
XX
Pointer Byte Bits
RIGHT/LEFT
SINGLE/DOUBLE
Figure 29. Pointer Byte
DACD
DACC DACB DACA
The following is an explanation of the individual bits that make up
the Pointer Byte.
X:Don’t Care Bits
RIGHT/LEFT:
0: Data written to the device and read from the
device is Left-Justified (in Double Byte mode)
1: Data written to the device and read from the
device is Right-Justified (in Double Byte mode)
SINGLE/DOUBLE:
0: Data Write and Readback are done as 2-byte
write/read sequences
1: Data Write and Readback are done as 1-byte
(most significant 8 bits only) write/read sequences
DACD1: The following data bytes are for DAC D
DACC1: The following data bytes are for DAC C
DACB1: The following data bytes are for DAC B
DACA1: The following data bytes are for DAC A
Input Shift Register
The input shift register is 16 bits wide. Data is loaded into the
device as a 16-bit word under the control of a serial clock input,
SCL. The timing diagram for this operation is shown in Figure
1. The 16-bit word consists of four control bits followed by 8,
10, or 12 bits of DAC data, depending on the device type. The
first two bits loaded are PD bits that control the mode of operation of the device. See Power-Down Modes section for a complete
description. Bit 13 is CLR, Bit 12 is LDAC and the remaining
bits are left- or right-justified DAC data bits, starting with the
MSB. See Figure 30 overleaf.
CLR:0: All DAC registers and input registers are filled with
zeros on completion of the write sequence.
1: Normal operation.
LDAC: 0: All four DAC registers and hence all DAC outputs
simultaneously updated on completion of the write
sequence.
1: Adqdressed input register only is updated. There
is no change in the contents of the DAC registers.
Default Readback Condition
All pointer byte bits power-up to 0. Therefore, if the user initiates
a readback without writing to the pointer byte first, no single DAC
channel has been specified. In this case, the default readback
bits are all 0, except for the CLR bit which is a 1.
Multiple-DAC Write Sequence
Because there are individual bits in the Pointer Byte for each
DAC, it is possible to write the same data and control bits to 2,
3, or 4 DACs simultaneously by setting the relevant bits to 1.
Multiple-DAC Readback Sequence
If the user attempts to readback data from more than 1 DAC at a
time, the part will read back the default, power-on-reset conditions
for a double-byte readback, i.e., all 0s except for CLR which is 1.
For a single-byte readback, the part will read back all 0s.
REV. B
–11–
Page 12
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
LEFT-JUSTIFIED DATA BYTES (WRITE AND READBACK)
MOST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
PD0
PD1
PD1
CLR LDAC
10-BIT AD5315
PD0
CLR LDAC
PD0D11 D10 D9D8PD1
CLR
LDAC
MOST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
PD0
CLR LDAC
D7D6D5
D9D8D7D6PD1
RIGHT-JUSTIFIED DATA BYTES (WRITE AND READBACK)
X XXX
LSBMSB8-BIT AD5305
D4
LSBMSB
LSBMSB12-BIT AD5325
LSBMSB8-BIT AD5305
LSBMSB10-BIT AD5315
LEAST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
LSBMSB8-BIT AD5305
D0
D3D2D1
10-BIT AD5315
D5D4D3D1D1D0XX
12-BIT AD5325
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
LEAST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
8-BIT AD5305
D7D6
D5
10-BIT AD5315
XXXX
LSBMSB
LSBMSB
LSBMSB
D4D3D2D1D0
LSBMSB
PD0
CLR LDAC
PD0D11 D10
CLR LDAC
MSB
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
MSB
D9D8D7D6D5D4D3D2
8-BIT AD5305
10-BIT AD5315
XXD9D8PD1
D9
SINGLE BYTE ONLY (WRITE AND READBACK)
Figure 30. Double- and Single-Byte Data Formats
LSBMSB12-BIT AD5325
D8PD1
LSB
LSB
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
12-BIT AD5325
D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
D11 D10 D9
D7D6D5D4
D8
LSBMSB
LSBMSB12-BIT AD5325
–12–
REV. B
Page 13
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
WRITE OPERATION
When writing to the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 DACs, the user
must begin with an address byte (R/W = 0) after which the DAC
will Acknowledge that it is prepared to receive data by pulling
SDA low. This address byte is followed by the pointer byte
SCL
SDA
MASTER
SCL
SDA
SCL
SDA
MASTER
00011A0
START
COND
BY
MSBLSBMSBLSB
MOST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTELEAST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
00011A0
START
COND
BY
ADDRESS BYTE
ADDRESS BYTE
0
0
R/W
R/W
ACK
BY
AD53x5
ACK
BY
AD53x5
ACK
BY
AD53x5
MSB
MSB
which is also acknowledged by the DAC. Depending on the
value of SINGLE/DOUBLE, one or two bytes of data are then
written to the DAC as shown in Figure 31 below. A STOP condition follows.
XXLSB
ACK
LSB
BY
AD53x5
ACK
BY
AD53x5
ACK
BY
AD53x5
START
COND
BY
MASTER
POINTER BYTE
X
X
X
POINTER BYTE
SCL
SDA
MSB
LSB
ACK
STOP
BY
DATA BYTE
MASTER
COND
BY
MASTER
Figure 31. Double- and Single-Byte Write Sequences
REV. B
–13–
Page 14
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
S
READ OPERATION
When reading data back from the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
DACs, the user begins with an address byte (R/W = 0) after
which the DAC will Acknowledge that it is prepared to receive
data by pulling SDA low. This address byte is usually followed
by the pointer byte which is also acknowledged by the DAC.
Following this, there is a repeated start condition by the master
and the address is resent with R/W = 1. This is acknowledged by
the DAC indicating that it is prepared to transmit data. Depending
SCL
SDA
MASTER
SCL
SDA
START
COND
BY
00 011A0
00 011
REPEATED
START
COND
BY
MASTER
ADDRESS BYTE
0
R/W
ACK
MSB
BY
AD53x5
0
R/W
A0
AD53x5
on the value of SINGLE/DOUBLE, one or two bytes of data are
then read from the DAC as shown in Figure 32 below.
However, if the master sends an ACK and continues clocking
SCL (no STOP is sent), the DAC will retransmit the same one
or two bytes of data on SDA. This allows continuous readback
of data from the selected DAC register.
Alternatively the user may send a START followed by the address
with R/W = 1. In this case the previously loaded pointer settings
are used and readback of data can commence immediately.
XXLSB
ACK
POINTER BYTEADDRESS BYTE
MSBLSB
ACK
BY
DATA BYTE
BY
AD53x5
ACK
BY
MASTER
SCL
SDA
MASTER
SCL
SDA
SCL
SDA
START
COND
BY
MSB
LEAST SIGNIFICANT DATA BYTE
00 011A0
ADDRESS BYTE
00 011
REPEATED
START
COND
BY
MASTER
ADDRESS BYTE
0
Figure 32. Double- and Single-Byte Read Sequences
LSB
NO
ACK
BY
TER
MA
R/W
AD53x5
0
A0
XXLSB
ACK
MSB
BY
R/W
ACK
BY
AD53x5
STOP
COND
BY
MASTER
X
ACK
POINTER BYTE
MSBLSB
DATA BYTE
BY
AD53x5
NO ACK
BY
MASTER
STOP
COND
BY
MASTER
–14–
REV. B
Page 15
DOUBLE-BUFFERED INTERFACE
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 DACs all have double-buffered
interfaces consisting of two banks of registers—input registers and
DAC registers. The input register is directly connected to the
input shift register and the digital code is transferred to the relevant input register on completion of a valid write sequence.
The DAC register contains the digital code used by the resistor string.
Access to the DAC register is controlled by the LDAC bit. When
the LDAC bit is set high, the DAC register is latched and hence
the input register may change state without affecting the contents
of the DAC register. However, when the LDAC bit is set low,
the DAC register becomes transparent and the contents of the
input register are transferred to it.
This is useful if the user requires simultaneous updating of all
DAC outputs. The user may write to three of the input registers
individually and then, by setting the LDAC bit low when writing
to the remaining DAC input register, all outputs will update
simultaneously.
These parts contain an extra feature whereby the DAC register
is not updated unless its input register has been updated since
the last time that LDAC was brought low. Normally, when LDAC
is brought low, the DAC registers are filled with the contents of
the input registers. In the case of the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325,
the part will only update the DAC register if the input register
has been changed since the last time the DAC register was
updated, thereby removing unnecessary digital crosstalk.
POWER-DOWN MODES
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 have very low power consumption, dissipating typically 1.5 mW with a 3 V supply and 3 mW
with a 5 V supply. Power consumption can be further reduced
when the DACs are not in use by putting them into one of three
power-down modes, which are selected by Bits 15 and 14 (PD1
and PD0) of the data byte. Table I shows how the state of the
bits corresponds to the mode of operation of the DAC.
Table I. PD1/PD0 Operating Modes
PD1PD0Operating Mode
00Normal Operation
01Power-Down (1 kΩ Load to GND)
10Power-Down (100 kΩ Load to GND)
11Power-Down (Three-State Output)
When both bits are set to 0, the DAC works normally with its
normal power consumption of 600 µA at 5 V. However, for the
three power-down modes, the supply current falls to 200 nA at
5 V (80 nA at 3 V). Not only does the supply current drop, but
the output stage is also internally switched from the output of
the amplifier to a resistor network of known values. This has
an advantage in that the output impedance of the part is known
while the part is in power-down mode and provides a defined
input condition for whatever is connected to the output of the
DAC amplifier. There are three different options. The output is
connected internally to GND through a 1 kΩ resistor, a 100 kΩ
resistor or it is left open-circuited (Three-State). Resistor tolerance = ± 20%. The output stage is illustrated in Figure 33.
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
RESISTOR
STRING DAC
Figure 33. Output Stage During Power-Down
The bias generator, the output amplifiers, the resistor string, and
all other associated linear circuitry are all shut down when the
power-down mode is activated. However, the contents of the DAC
registers are unchanged when in power-down. The time to exit
power-down is typically 2.5 µs for VDD = 5 V and 5 µs when
V
= 3 V. This is the time from the rising edge of the sixteenth
DD
SCL pulse to when the output voltage deviates from its powerdown voltage. See Figure 21 for a plot.
APPLICATIONS
Typical Application Circuit
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 can be used with a wide range
of reference voltages where the devices offer full, one-quadrant
multiplying capability over a reference range of 0 V to V
More typically, these devices are used with a fixed, precision
reference voltage. Suitable references for 5 V operation are the
AD780 and REF192 (2.5 V references). For 2.5 V operation, a
suitable external reference would be the AD589, a 1.23 V bandgap reference. Figure 34 shows a typical setup for the AD5305/
AD5315/AD5325 when using an external reference. Note that
A0 can be high or low.
0.1F
V
IN
V
OUT
EXT
REF
AD780/REF192
= 5V
WITH V
DD
OR AD589 WITH
= 2.5V
V
DD
Figure 34. AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 Using External
Reference
AMPLIFIER
POWER-DOWN
CIRCUITRY
10F
1F
SERIAL
INTERFACE
RESISTOR
NETWORK
VDD = 2.5V TO 5.5V
AD5305/
AD5315/
AD5325
REFIN
SCL
SDA
A0
GND
V
OUT
.
DD
V
A
OUT
V
B
OUT
V
C
OUT
D
V
OUT
REV. B
–15–
Page 16
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
If an output range of 0 V to VDD is required, the simplest solution is to connect the reference input to V
. As this supply may
DD
not be very accurate and may be noisy, the AD5305/AD5315/
AD5325 may be powered from the reference voltage; for example,
using a 5 V reference such as the REF195. The REF195 will
output a steady supply voltage for the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325.
The typical current required from the REF195 is 600 µA supply
current and approximately 112 µA into the reference input. This
is with no load on the DAC outputs. When the DAC outputs are
loaded, the REF195 also needs to supply the current to the
loads. The total current required (with a 10 kΩ load on each
output) is:
712 µA + 4(5 V/10 kΩ) = 2.70 mA
The load regulation of the REF195 is typically 2 ppm/mA, which
results in an error of 5.4 ppm (27 µV) for the 2.7 mA current
drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.0014 LSB error at 8 bits
and 0.022 LSB error at 12 bits.
Bipolar Operation Using the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 have been designed for singlesupply operation, but a bipolar output range is also possible
using the circuit in Figure 35. This circuit will give an output
voltage range of ±5 V. Rail-to-rail operation at the amplifier
output is achievable using an AD820 or an OP295 as the output
amplifier.
R2 = 10k⍀
6V TO 16V
10F
REF195
V
IN
PT5125
R1 = 10k⍀
0.1F
+5V
V
DD
V
OUT
REFIN
1F
A0
GND
V
AD5305
V
V
V
SCL SDA
2-WIRE
SERIAL
INTERFACE
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
+5V
AD820/
OP295
A
–5V
B
C
D
ⴞ5V
Figure 35. Bipolar Operation with the AD5305
The output voltage for any input code can be calculated as
follows:
D is the decimal equivalent of the code loaded to the DAC.
N is the DAC resolution.
REFIN is the reference voltage input.
with:
REFIN = 5 V, R1 = R2 = 10 kΩ:
V
= (10 × D/2N) – 5 V
OUT
Multiple Devices on One Bus
Figure 36 below shows two AD5305 devices on the same serial
bus. Each has a different slave address since the state of the A0
pin is different. This allows each of eight DACs to be written to
or read from independently.
V
DD
PULL-UP
RESISTORS
MICRO-
CONTROLLER
A0
SDA
A0
AD5305
SDA
SCL
SCL
AD5305
Figure 36. Multiple AD5305 Devices on One Bus
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 as a Digitally Programmable
Window Detector
A digitally programmable upper/lower limit detector using two
of the DACs in the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 is shown in
Figure 37. The upper and lower limits for the test are loaded to
DACs A and B which, in turn, set the limits on the CMP04. If
the signal at the V
input is not within the programmed window,
IN
an LED will indicate the fail condition. Similarly, DACs C and
D can be used for window detection on a second V
5V
0.1F10F
V
1/2
AD5305/
AD5315/
AD5325*
GND
DD
V
V
REF
DIN
SCL
REFIN
SDA
SCL
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
V
IN
V
A
OUT
1/2
CMP04
B
OUT
signal.
IN
1k⍀
FAIL
PASS/FAIL
1/6 74HC05
1k⍀
PASS
Figure 37. Window Detection
Coarse and Fine Adjustment Using the AD5305/AD5315/
AD5325
Two of the DACs in the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 can be
paired together to form a coarse and fine adjustment function,
as shown in Figure 38. DAC A is used to provide the coarse
adjustment while DAC B provides the fine adjustment. Varying
the ratio of R1 and R2 will change the relative effect of the coarse
and fine adjustments. With the resistor values and external
reference shown, the output amplifier has unity gain for the
DAC A output, so the output range is 0 V to 2.5 V – 1 LSB.
For DAC B the amplifier has a gain of 7.6 × 10
–3
, giving DAC B a
range equal to 19 mV. Similarly, DACs C and D can be paired
together for coarse and fine adjustment.
–16–
REV. B
Page 17
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
The circuit is shown with a 2.5 V reference, but reference voltages up to V
may be used. The op amps indicated will allow a
DD
rail-to-rail output swing.
VDD = 5V
10F
0.1F
V
IN
EXT
V
OUT
REF
GND
AD780/REF192
= 5V
WITH V
DD
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
1F
REFIN
AD5305/
AD5315/
AD5325*
V
DD
1/2
GND
R3
51.2k⍀R4390⍀
A
V
OUT
R1
390⍀
V
B
OUT
R2
51.2k⍀
5V
AD820/
OP295
V
OUT
Figure 38. Coarse/Fine Adjustment
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
In any circuit where accuracy is important, careful consideration
of the power supply and ground return layout helps to ensure
the rated performance. The printed circuit board on which the
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 is mounted should be designed so
that the analog and digital sections are separated, and confined
to certain areas of the board. If the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
is in a system where multiple devices require an AGND-to-DGND
connection, the connection should be made at one point only.
The star ground point should be established as close as possible
to the device. The AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 should have ample
supply bypassing of 10 µF in parallel with 0.1 µF on the supply
located as close to the package as possible, ideally right up against
the device. The 10 µF capacitors are the tantalum bead type.
The 0.1 µF capacitor should have low Effective Series Resistance
(ESR) and Effective Series Inductance (ESI), like the common
ceramic types that provide a low impedance path to ground at
high frequencies, to handle transient currents due to internal
logic switching.
The power supply lines of the AD5305/AD5315/AD5325 should
use as large a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths
and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast
switching signals such as clocks should be shielded with digital
ground to avoid radiating noise to other parts of the board, and
should never be run near the reference inputs. A ground line
routed between the SDA and SCL lines will help reduce crosstalk
between them (not required on a multilayer board as there will
be a separate ground plane, but separating the lines will help).
Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite
sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. This
reduces the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip
technique is by far the best, but not always possible with a doublesided board. In this technique, the component side of the board
is dedicated to ground plane while signal traces are placed on
the solder side.
REV. B
–17–
Page 18
AD5305/AD5315/AD5325
Table II. Overview of All AD53xx Serial Devices
No. ofSettling
Part No. ResolutionDACsDNLInterfaceTimePackagePins