OTP overwrite allows dynamic adjustments with user
defined preset
End-to-end resistance: 2.5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, 100 kΩ
Compact MSOP-10 (3 mm × 4.9 mm) package
Fast settling time: t
Full read/write of wiper register
Power-on preset to midscale
Extra package address decode pins AD0 and AD1
Single-supply 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Low temperature coefficient: 35 ppm/°C
Low power, I
Wide operating temperature: –40°C to +125°C
Evaluation board and software are available
Software replaces µC in factory programming applications
APPLICATIONS
Systems calibration
Electronics level setting
Mechanical Trimmers® replacement in new designs
Permanent factory PCB setting
Transducer adjustment of pressure, temperature, position,
chemical, and optical sensors
RF amplifier biasing
Automotive electronics adjustment
Gain control and offset adjustment
GENERAL OVERVIEW
The AD5170 is a 256-position, two-time programmable (TTP)
digital potentiometer
enable two opportunities at permanently programming the
resistance setting. OTP is a cost-effective alternative to EEMEM
for users who do not need to program the digital potentiometer
setting in memory more than once. This device performs the
same electronic adjustment function as mechanical
potentiometers or variable resistors with enhanced resolution,
solid-state reliability, and superior low temperature coefficient
performance.
= 5 µs typ in power-up
S
= 6 µA maximum
DD
1
that employs fuse link technology to
AD5170
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
W
BA
V
DD
ND
AD0
AD1
SDA
SCL
12
ADDRESS
DECODE
The AD5170 is programmed using a 2-wire, I2C® compatible
digital interface. Unlimited adjustments are allowed before
permanently (there are actually two opportunities) setting the
resistance value. During OTP activation, a permanent blow fuse
command freezes the wiper position (analogous to placing
epoxy on a mechanical trimmer).
Unlike traditional OTP digital potentiometers, the AD5170 has
a unique temporary OTP overwrite feature that allows for new
adjustments even after the fuse has been blown. However, the
OTP setting is restored during subsequent power-up
conditions. This feature allows users to treat these digital
potentiometers as volatile potentiometers with a programmable
preset.
For applications that program the AD5170 at the factory,
Analog Devices offers device programming software running
on Windows NT®, 2000, and XP® operating systems. This
software effectively replaces any external I
enhancing the time-to-market of the user’s systems.
1
The terms digital potentiometer, VR, and RDAC are used interchangeably.
FUSE
LINKS
RDAC
REGISTER
SERIAL INPUT
REGISTER
Figure 1.
/
8
04104-0-001
2
C controllers, thus
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication
or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
VDD = 5 V ± 10% or 3 V ±10%, VA = +VDD, VB = 0 V, –40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ1 Max Unit
DC CHARACTERISTICS—RHEOSTAT MODE
Resistor Differential Nonlinearity2 R-DNL RWB, VA = no connect –2 ±0.1 +2 LSB
Resistor Integral Nonlinearity2 R-INL RWB, VA = no connect –6 ±0.75 +6 LSB
Nominal Resistor Tolerance3 ∆RAB T
Resistance Temperature Coefficient (∆RAB/RAB)/∆T VAB = VDD, Wiper = no connect 35 ppm/°C
RWB (Wiper Resistance) RWB Code = 0x00, VDD = 5 V 160 200 Ω
DC CHARACTERISTICS — POTENTIOMETER DIVIDER MODE (Specifications apply to all VRs)
Differential Nonlinearity4 DNL –1.5 ±0.1 +1.5 LSB
Integral Nonlinearity4 INL –2 ±0.6 +2 LSB
Voltage Divider Temperature Coefficient (∆VW/VW)/∆T Code = 0x80 15 ppm/°C
Full-Scale Error V
Zero-Scale Error V
Code = 0xFF –10 –2.5 0 LSB
WFSE
Code = 0x00 0 2 10 LSB
WZSE
RESISTOR TERMINALS
Voltage Range5 V
GND VDD V
A,VB,VW
Capacitance6 A, B CA, CB f = 1 MHz, measured to GND, code = 0x80 45 pF
Capacitance W CW f = 1 MHz, measured to GND, code = 0x80 60 pF
Shutdown Supply Current7 I
V
A_SD
Common-Mode Leakage ICM V
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Input Logic High VIH V
Input Logic Low VIL V
Input Logic High VIH V
Input Logic Low VIL V
Input Current IIL V
Input Capacitance5 C
5 pF
IL
POWER SUPPLIES
Power Supply Range V
OTP Supply Voltage V
2.7 5.5 V
DD RANGE
T
DD_OTP
Supply Current IDD V
OTP Supply Current I
Power Dissipation8 P
V
DD_OTP
V
DISS
Power Supply Sensitivity PSS VDD = 5 V ± 10%, Code = midscale ±0.02 ±0.08 %/%
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS9
Bandwidth –3 dB BW_2.5K Code = 0x80 4.8 MHz
Total Harmonic Distortion THDW V
VW Settling Time tS V
Resistor Noise Voltage Density e
1
Typical specifications represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
2
Resistor position nonlinearity error, R-INL, is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance wiper
positions. R-DNL measures the relative step change from ideal between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic.
3
VAB = VDD, Wiper (VW) = no connect.
4
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output D/A converter. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V.
DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
5
Resistor terminals A, B, W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
6
Guaranteed by design and not subject to production test.
7
Measured at the A terminal. The A terminal is open circuited in shutdown mode.
8
P
is calculated from (IDD × VDD). CMOS logic level inputs result in minimum power dissipation.
VDD = 5 V ± 10% or 3 V ± 10%, VA = VDD; VB = 0 V, –40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ1 Max Unit
DC CHARACTERISTICS—RHEOSTAT MODE
Resistor Differential Nonlinearity2 R-DNL RWB, VA = no connect –1 ±0.1 +1 LSB
Resistor Integral Nonlinearity2
R-INL R
Nominal Resistor Tolerance3 ∆RAB T
Resistance Temperature Coefficient (∆RAB/RAB)/∆T VAB = VDD, wiper = no connect 35 ppm/°C
RWB (Wiper Resistance) RWB Code = 0x00, VDD = 5 V 160 200 Ω
DC CHARACTERISTICS — POTENTIOMETER DIVIDER MODE (Specifications apply to all VRs)
Differential Nonlinearity4 DNL –1 ±0.1 +1 LSB
Integral Nonlinearity4
Voltage Divider Temperature
INL –1 ±0.3 +1 LSB
(∆VW/VW)/∆T
Coefficient
Full-Scale Error V
Zero-Scale Error V
Code = 0xFF –2.5 –1 0 LSB
WFSE
Code = 0x00 0 1 2.5 LSB
WZSE
RESISTOR TERMINALS
Voltage Range5
Capacitance6 A, B
Capacitance6 W
Shutdown Supply Current7 I
VA,VB,VW
CA, CB
C
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND, code = 0x80 60 pF
W
V
A_SD
Common-Mode Leakage ICM V
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Input Logic High VIH V
Input Logic Low VIL V
Input Logic High VIH V
Input Logic Low VIL V
Input Current IIL V
C
Input Capacitance6
5 pF
IL
POWER SUPPLIES
Power Supply Range V
OTP Supply Voltage8 V
2.7 5.5 V
DD RANGE
5.25 5.5 V
DD_OTP
Supply Current IDD V
OTP Supply Current9 I
Power Dissipation10 P
DD_OTP
V
DISS
Power Supply Sensitivity PSS VDD = 5 V ± 10%, code = midscale ±0.02 ±0.08 %/%
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS11
Bandwidth –3 dB BW RAB = 10 kΩ, code = 0x80 600 kHz
R
R
Total Harmonic Distortion THDW V
VW Settling Time
tS V
(10 kΩ/50 kΩ/100 kΩ)
Resistor Noise Voltage Density e
1
Typical specifications represent average readings at 25°C and VDD = 5 V.
2
Resistor position nonlinearity error, R-INL, is the deviation from an ideal value measured between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance wiper
positions. R-DNL measures the relative step change from ideal between successive tap positions. Parts are guaranteed monotonic.
3
VAB = VDD, Wiper (VW) = no connect.
4
INL and DNL are measured at VW with the RDAC configured as a potentiometer divider similar to a voltage output D/A converter. VA = VDD and VB = 0 V.
DNL specification limits of ±1 LSB maximum are guaranteed monotonic operating conditions.
5
Resistor terminals A, B, W have no limitations on polarity with respect to each other.
6
Guaranteed by design and not subject to production test.
7
Measured at the A terminal. The A terminal is open circuited in shutdown mode.
8
Different from operating power supply, power supply OTP is used one time only.
9
Different from operating current, supply current for OTP lasts approximately 400 ms for one time only.
10
P
is calculated from (IDD × VDD). CMOS logic level inputs result in minimum power dissipation.
DISS
11
All dynamic characteristics use VDD = 5 V.
R
N_WB
, VA = no connect –2.5 ±0.25 +2.5 LSB
WB
= 25°C –20 +20 %
A
Code = 0x80 15 ppm/°C
GND VDD V
f = 1 MHz, measured to GND, code = 0x80 45 pF
VDD = 5 V ± 10% or 3 V ± 10%, VA = VDD; VB = 0 V, –40°C < TA < +125°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
I2C INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1 (Specifications apply to all parts)
SCL Clock Frequency f
t
Bus Free Time between STOP and START t1 1.3 µs
BUF
t
Hold Time (Repeated START) t2
HD;STA
t
Low Period of SCL Clock t3 1.3 µs
LOW
t
High Period of SCL Clock t4 0.6 µs
HIGH
t
Setup Time for Repeated START Condition t5 0.6 µs
SU;STA
t
Data Hold Time2 t
HD;DAT
t
Data Setup Time t7 100 ns
SU;DAT
tF Fall Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t8 300 ns
tR Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL Signals t9 300 ns
t
Setup Time for STOP Condition t10 0.6 µs
SU;STO
1
See timing diagrams for locations of measured values.
2
The maximum t
has only to be met if the device does not stretch the LOW period (t
HD;DAT
400 kHz
SCL
After this period, the first clock
0.6 µs
pulse is generated.
0.9 µs
6
) of the SCL signal.
LOW
Rev. A | Page 5 of 24
AD5170
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 4.
Parameter Value
VDD to GND –0.3 V to +7 V
VA, VB, VW to GND VDD
Terminal Current, Ax–Bx, Ax–Wx, Bx–Wx1
Pulsed ±20 mA
Continuous ±5 mA
Digital Inputs and Output Voltage to GND 0 V to 7 V
Operating Temperature Range –40°C to +125°C
Maximum Junction Temperature (T
) 150°C
JMAX
Storage Temperature –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300°C
Thermal Resistance2 θJA: MSOP-10 230°C/W
1
Maximum terminal current is bound by the maximum current handling of
the switches, maximum power dissipation of the package, and maximum
applied voltage across any two of the A, B, and W terminals at a given
resistance.
2
Package power dissipation = (T
– TA)/θJA.
JMAX
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on
the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. A | Page 6 of 24
AD5170
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
–0.5
–1.0
RHEOSTAT MODE INL (LSB)
–1.5
–2.0
VDD = 2.7V
Figure 2. R-INL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
RHEOSTAT MODE DNL (LSB)
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
Figure 3. R-DNL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
POTENTIOMETER MODE INL (LSB)
–0.4
–0.5
Figure 4. INL vs. Code vs. Temperature
VDD = 5.5V
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
VDD = 2.7V
VDD = 5.5V
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
VDD = 5.5V
T
= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
A
VDD = 2.7V
= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
T
A
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
TA = 25°C
R
= 10kΩ
AB
TA = 25°C
R
= 10kΩ
AB
RAB = 10kΩ
04104-0-002
04104-0-003
04104-0-004
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
POTENTIOMETER MODE DNL (LSB)
–0.4
–0.5
VDD = 2.7V; TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
RAB = 10kΩ
04104-0-005
Figure 5. DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
POTENTIOMETER MODE INL (LSB)
–0.8
–1.0
VDD = 2.7V
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
VDD = 5.5V
TA = 25°C
R
= 10kΩ
AB
04104-0-006
Figure 6. INL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
–0.3
POTENTIOMETER MODE DNL (LSB)
–0.4
–0.5
VDD = 2.7V
VDD = 5.5V
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
TA = 25°C
R
= 10kΩ
AB
04104-0-007
Figure 7. DNL vs. Code vs. Supply Voltages
Rev. A | Page 7 of 24
AD5170
2.0
VDD = 2.7V
1.5
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
1.0
0.5
RAB = 10kΩ
4.50
RAB = 10kΩ
3.75
3.00
0
–0.5
–1.0
RHEOSTAT MODE INL (LSB)
–1.5
–2.0
Figure 8. R-INL vs. Code vs. Temperature
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
VDD = 2.7V, 5.5V; TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
0.1
0
–0.1
–0.2
RHEOSTAT MODE DNL (LSB)
–0.3
–0.4
–0.5
Figure 9. R-DNL vs. Code vs. Temperature
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
–0.5
–1.0
FSE, FULL-SCALE ERROR (LSB)
–1.5
VDD = 2.7V, VA = 2.7V
VDD = 5.5V
T
= –40°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C
A
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
1289632640160192224256
CODE (DECIMAL)
VDD = 5.5V, VA = 5.0V
RAB = 10kΩ
RAB = 10kΩ
04104-0-008
04104-0-009
2.25
1.50
ZSE, ZERO-SCALE ERROR (LSB)
0.75
VDD = 2.7V, VA = 2.7V
VDD = 5.5V, VA = 5.0V
0
–40 –25 –10 520 3550 6580 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 11. Zero-Scale Error vs. Temperature
10
A)
µ
1
, SUPPLY CURRENT (
DD
I
0.1
–40–7265992125
VDD = 5V
VDD = 3V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 12. Supply Current vs. Temperature
120
100
80
60
40
20
RHEOSTAT MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
0
VDD = 2.7V
T
= –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
A
VDD = 5.5V
T
= –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
A
RAB = 10kΩ
04104-0-011
04104-0-012
–2.0
–40 –25 –10 520 3550 6580 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 10. Full-Scale Error vs. Temperature
04104-0-010
Rev. A | Page 8 of 24
–20
CODE (DECIMAL)
Figure 13. Rheostat Mode Tempco ∆R
1289632640160192224256
/∆T vs. Code
WB
04104-0-013
AD5170
50
40
30
VDD = 2.7V
T
20
10
0
–10
–20
POTENTIOMETER MODE TEMPCO (ppm/°C)
–30
= –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
A
VDD = 5.5V
T
= –40°C TO +85°C, –40°C TO +125°C
A
CODE (DECIMAL)
Figure 14. Potentiometer Mode Tempco ∆V
1289632640160192224256
RAB = 10kΩ
/∆T vs. Code
WB
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
10k1M100k10M
Figure 15. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x010x02
FREQUENCY (Hz)
= 2.5 kΩ
AB
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
1k100k10k1M
Figure 16. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x02
0x01
FREQUENCY (Hz)
= 10 kΩ
AB
04104-0-014
04104-0-015
04104-0-016
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
1k100k10k1M
Figure 17. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x02
0x01
FREQUENCY (Hz)
AB
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
1k100k10k1M
Figure 18. Gain vs. Frequency vs. Code, R
0x80
0x40
0x20
0x10
0x08
0x04
0x02
0x01
FREQUENCY (Hz)
AB
0
–6
–12
–18
–24
–30
GAIN (dB)
–36
–42
–48
–54
–60
100kΩ
60kHz
50kΩ
120kHz
10kΩ
570kHz
2.5kΩ
2.2MHz
10k1k100k1M10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 19. –3 dB Bandwidth at Code = 0x80
04104-0-017
= 50 kΩ
04104-0-018
= 100 kΩ
04104-0-019
Rev. A | Page 9 of 24
AD5170
10
TA = 25°C
1
0.1
, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
DD
I
0.01
00.51.0 1.52.0 2.53.0 3.54.0 4.55.0
VDD = 2.7V
DIGITAL INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 20. I
VDD = 5.5V
vs. Input Voltage
DD
V
W
SCL
04104-0-020
V
V
SCL
W
Figure 22. Midscale Glitch, Code 0x80 to 0x7F
W
04104-0-025
04104-0-023
Figure 21. Digital Feedthrough
04104-0-021
Figure 23. Large Signal Settling Time
Rev. A | Page 10 of 24
AD5170
V
TEST CIRCUITS
Figure 24 to Figure 29 illustrate the test circuits that define the
test conditions used in the product specification tables.
V+ = V
DUT
A
V+
W
B
DD
1LSB = V+/2
V
MS
N
04104-0-026
Figure 24. Test Circuit for Potentiometer Divider Nonlinearity Error (INL, DNL)
NO CONNECT
DUT
A
W
B
I
W
V
MS
04104-0-027
Figure 25. Test Circuit for Resistor Position Nonlinearity Error
(Rheostat Operation; R-INL, R-DNL)
MS2
DUT
A
W
B
V
W
IW = VDD/R
V
MS1
RW = [V
NOMINAL
MS1
– V
MS2
]/I
W
04104-0-028
Figure 26. Test Circuit for Wiper Resistance
V
A
DUT
A
∆V
DD
V+
W
B
V+ = VDD± 10%
PSRR (dB) = 20 LOG
PSS (%/%) =
V
MS
∆VMS%
∆VDD%
∆V
MS
( )
∆V
DD
Figure 27. Test Circuit for Power Supply Sensitivity (PSS, PSSR)
OFFSET
GND
DUT
A
V
IN
2.5V
W
B
+15V
AD8610
–15V
V
OUT
04104-0-030
Figure 28. Test Circuit for Gain vs. Frequency
NC
DUT
GND
A
B
NC
V
DD
I
W
CM
NC = NO CONNECT
V
CM
04104-0-032
Figure 29. Test Circuit for Common-Mode Leakage Current
04104-0-029
Rev. A | Page 11 of 24
AD5170
THEORY OF OPERATION
SCL
SDA
2
C INTERFACE
I
COMPARATOR
ONE-TIME
PROGRAM/TEST
CONTROL BLOCK
Figure 30. Detailed Functional Block Diagram
The AD5170 is a 256-position, digitally controlled variable
resistor (VR) that employs fuse link technology to achieve
memory retention of resistance setting.
An internal power-on preset places the wiper at midscale
during power-on. If the OTP function has been activated, the
device powers up at the user-defined permanent setting.
ONE-TIME PROGRAMMING (OTP)
Prior to OTP activation, the AD5170 presets to midscale during
initial power-on. After the wiper is set at the desired position,
the resistance can be permanently set by programming the T bit
high along with the proper coding (see Table 7 and Table 8) and
one time V
AD517x family of digital pots requires V
and 5.5 V to blow the fuses to achieve a given nonvolatile
setting. On the other hand, V
operation. As a result, system supply that is lower than 5.25 V
requires external supply for one-time programming. Note that
the user is allowed only one attempt in blowing the fuses. If the
user fails to blow the fuses at the first attempt, the fuses’
structures may have changed such that they may never be
blown regardless of the energy applied at subsequent events. For
details, see the Power Supply Considerations section.
The device control circuit has two validation bits, E1 and E0,
that can be read back to check the programming status (see
Table 7). Users should always read back the validation bits to
ensure that the fuses are properly blown. After the fuses have
been blown, all fuse latches are enabled upon subsequent
power-on; therefore, the output corresponds to the stored
setting. Figure 30 shows a detailed functional block diagram.
. Note that fuse link technology of the
DD_OTP
can be 2.7 V to 5.5 V during
DD
between 5.25 V
DD_OTP
A
W
B
04103-0-026
DAC
REG.
FUSES
EN
MUX
FUSE
REG.
DECODER
PROGRAMMING THE VARIABLE RESISTOR AND
VOLTAGE
Rheostat Operation
The nominal resistance of the RDAC between Terminal A and
Terminal B is available in 2.5 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ, and 100 kΩ.
The nominal resistance (R
accessed by the wiper terminal, plus the B terminal contact. The
8-bit data in the RDAC latch is decoded to select one of 256
possible settings.
A
W
B
Figure 31. Rheostat Mode Configuration
Assuming a 10 kΩ part is used, the wiper’s first connection
starts at the B terminal for data 0x00. Because there is a 50 Ω
wiper contact resistance, such a connection yields a minimum
of 100 Ω (2 × 50 Ω) resistance between Terminal W and
Terminal B. The second connection is the first tap point, which
corresponds to 139 Ω (R
for data 0x01. The third connection is the next tap point, representing 178 Ω (2 × 39 Ω + 2 × 50 Ω) for data 0x02, and so on.
Each LSB data value increase moves the wiper up the resistor
ladder until the last tap point is reached at 10,100 Ω (R
) of the VR has 256 contact points
AB
A
W
B
= RAB/256 + 2 × RW = 39 Ω + 2 × 50 Ω)
WB
A
B
W
+ 2 × RW).
AB
04103-0-027
Rev. A | Page 12 of 24
AD5170
For R
= 10 kΩ and the B terminal open-circuited, the
AB
following output resistance, R
is set for the RDAC latch
WA ,
codes, as shown in Table 6.
SD BIT
A
R
S
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
RDAC
LATCH
AND
DECODER
Figure 32. AD5170 Equivalent RDAC Circuit
R
S
R
S
W
R
S
B
04104-0-034
The general equation that determines the digitally programmed
output resistance between Terminal W and Terminal B is
D
DR×+×=2
)(
128
(1)
WABWBRR
where D is the decimal equivalent of the binary code loaded in
the 8-bit RDAC register, R
is the wiper resistance contributed by the on resistance of
R
W
is the end-to-end resistance, and
AB
the internal switch.
In summary, if R
circuited, the output resistance R
Note that in the zero-scale condition, a finite wiper resistance of
100 Ω is present. Care should be taken to limit the current flow
between Terminal W and Terminal B in this state to a maximum
pulse current of no more than 20 mA. Otherwise, degradation
or possible destruction of the internal switch contact can occur.
Similar to the mechanical potentiometer, the resistance of the
RDAC between the wiper, Terminal W, and Terminal A also
produces a digitally controlled complementary resistance, R
.
WA
When these terminals are used, the B terminal can be opened.
Setting the resistance value for R
starts at a maximum value
WA
of resistance and decreases as the data loaded in the latch
increases in value. The general equation for this operation is
–256
)(
DR×+×=2
D
128
(2)
WABWARR
Table 6. Codes and Corresponding R
Resistance
WA
D (Dec.) RWA (Ω) Output State
255 139 Full Scale
128 5,060 Midscale
1 9,961 1 LSB
0 10,060 Zero Scale
Typical device-to-device matching is process lot dependent and
may vary by up to ±30%. Since the resistance element is processed using thin film technology, the change in R
AB
with
temperature has a very low 35 ppm/°C temperature coefficient.
PROGRAMMING THE POTENTIOMETER DIVIDER
Voltage Output Operation
The digital potentiometer easily generates a voltage divider at
wiper-to-B and wiper-to-A proportional to the input voltage at
A-to-B. Unlike the polarity of V
positive, voltage across A–B, W–A, and W–B can be at either
polarity.
V
I
Figure 33. Potentiometer Mode Configuration
If ignoring the effect of the wiper resistance for approximation,
connecting the A terminal to 5 V and the B terminal to ground
produces an output voltage at the wiper-to-B starting at 0 V up
to 1 LSB less than 5 V. Each LSB of voltage is equal to the
voltage applied across Terminal AB divided by the 256 positions
of the potentiometer divider. The general equation defining the
output voltage at V
with respect to ground for any valid input
W
voltage applied to Terminal A and Terminal B is
D
256
V
+=
DV
)(
For a more accurate calculation, which includes the effect of
wiper resistance, V
DV
W
can be found as
W
WB
)(+=
R
AB
DR
)(
V
Operation of the digital potentiometer in the divider mode
results in a more accurate operation over temperature. Unlike
the rheostat mode, the output voltage is dependent mainly on
the ratio of the internal resistors, R
solute values. Thus, the temperature drift reduces to 15 ppm/°C.
to GND, which must be
DD
A
W
V
O
B
D
256
−
256
WA
A
(3)
V
BAW
)(
DR
V
(4)
R
B
AB
and RWB, and not the ab-
WA
04104-0-035
Rev. A | Page 13 of 24
AD5170
2
ESD PROTECTION
All digital inputs—SDA, SCL, AD0, and AD1—are protected
with a series input resistor and parallel Zener ESD structures, as
shown in Figure 34 and Figure 35.
340Ω
LOGIC
GND
Figure 34. ESD Protection of Digital Pins
04104-0-037
fuse programming supply (either an on-board regulator or
rack-mount power supply) must be rated at 5.25 V to 5.5 V and
able to provide a 100 mA current for 400 ms for successful onetime programming. Once fuse programming is completed, the
supply must be removed to allow normal operation at
V
DD_OTP
2.7 V to 5.5 V and the device will consume current in µA range.
Figure 37 shows the simplest implementation of a dual supply
requirement by using a jumper. This approach saves one voltage
supply, but draws additional current and requires manual
configuration.
A, B, W
GND
04104-0-038
Figure 35. ESD Protection of Resistor Terminals
TERMINAL VOLTAGE OPERATING RANGE
The AD5170 VDD to GND power supply defines the boundary
conditions for proper 3-terminal digital potentiometer operation. Supply signals present on Terminal A, Terminal B, and
Terminal W that exceed V
or GND will be clamped by the
DD
internal forward-biased diodes (see Figure 36).
V
DD
A
W
B
GND
04104-0-039
Figure 36. Maximum Terminal Voltages Set by V
and GND
DD
POWER-UP SEQUENCE
Because the ESD protection diodes limit the voltage compliance
at Te r mi n al A , Te r mi n al B , a n d Ter min al W (s e e F i gu r e 3 6 ), i t i s
important to power V
/GND before applying any voltage to
DD
Terminal A, Terminal B, and Terminal W. Otherwise, the diode
will be forward biased such that V
is powered unintentionally
DD
and may affect the rest of the user’s circuit. The ideal power-up
sequence is GND, V
The relative order of powering V
, the digital inputs, and then VA/VB/VW.
DD
, VB, VW, and the digital
A
inputs is not important as long as they are powered after
/GND.
V
DD
POWER SUPPLY CONSIDERATIONS
To minimize the package pin count, both the one-time programming and normal operating voltage supplies share the
same V
link technology that requires 5.25 V to 5.5 V for blowing the
internal fuses to achieve a given setting, but normal V
anywhere between 2.7 V and 5.5 V after the fuse programming
process. As a result, dual voltage supplies and isolation are
needed if system V
terminal of the AD5170. The AD5170 employs fuse
DD
DD
is lower than the required V
DD
DD_OTP
. The
can be
5.5V
R1 50kΩ
R2
250kΩ
CONNECT J1 HERE
FOR OTP
C1
10µFC21nF
CONNECT J1 HERE
AFTER OTP
V
DD
AD5170
04104-0-049
Figure 37. Power Supply Requirement
An alternate approach in 3.5 V to 5.25 V systems adds a signal
diode between the system supply and the OTP supply for
isolation, as shown in Figure 38.
APPLY FOR OTP ONLY
5.5V
3.5V–5.25V
D1
C1
1µFC21nF
V
DD
AD5170
04104-0-050
Figure 38. Isolate 5.5 V OTP Supply from 3.5 V to 5.25 V Normal Operating
Supply. The V
5.5V
R1
10kΩ
.7V
P1
P1=P2=FDV302P, NDS0610
must be removed once OTP is completed.
DD_OTP
APPLY FOR OTP ONLY
V
DD
AD5170
P2
C1
10µFC21nF
Figure 39. Isolate 5.5 V OTP Supply from 2.7 V Normal Operating Supply.
The V
supply must be removed once OTP is completed.
DD_OTP
For users who operate their systems at 2.7 V, use of the
bidirectional low threshold P-Ch MOSFETs is recommended
for the supply’s isolation. As shown in Figure 39, this assumes
04104-0-051
Rev. A | Page 14 of 24
AD5170
V
the 2.7 V system voltage is applied first, and the P1 and P2 gates
are pulled to ground, thus turning on P1 and subsequently P2.
As a result, V
AD5170 setting is found, the factory tester applies the V
to both the V
of the AD5170 approaches 2.7 V. When the
DD
DD_OTP
and the MOSFETs gates turning off P1 and P2.
DD
The OTP command is executed at this time to program the
AD5170 while the 2.7 V source is protected. Once the fuse
programming is completed, the tester withdraws the V
DD_OTP
and the setting for AD5170 is permanently fixed.
AD5170 achieves the OTP function through blowing internal
fuses. Users should always apply the 5.25 V to 5.5 V one-time
program voltage requirement at the first fuse programming
attempt. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to a
change in the fuse structures, rendering programming
inoperable.
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
It is good practice to employ compact, minimum lead length
layout design. The leads to the inputs should be as direct as
possible with a minimum conductor length. Ground paths
should have low resistance and low inductance.
Note that the digital ground should also be joined remotely to
the analog ground at one point to minimize the ground bounce.
V
DD
+
C1
10µFC21nF
DD
AD5170
Poor PCB layout introduces parasitics that may affect the fuse
programming. Therefore, it is recommended to add a 10 µF
tantalum capacitor in parallel with a 1 nF ceramic capacitor as
close as possible to the V
pin. The type and value chosen for
DD
both capacitors are important. This combination of capacitor
values provides both a fast response and larger supply current
handling with minimum supply droop during transients. As a
result, these capacitors increase the OTP programming success
by not inhibiting the proper energy needed to blow the internal
fuses. Additionally, C1
minimizes transient disturbance and low
frequency ripple while C2 reduces high frequency noise during
normal operation.
Figure 40. Power Supply Bypassing
GND
04104-0-040
Rev. A | Page 15 of 24
AD5170
EVALUATION SOFTWARE/HARDWARE
Figure 41. AD5170 Computer Software Interface
There are two ways of controlling the AD5170. Users can either
program the devices with computer software or external I
controllers.
2
C
SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING
Due to the advantages of the one-time programmable feature,
users may consider programming the device in the factory
before shipping the final product to end-users. ADI offers
device programming software that can be implemented in the
factory on PCs running Windows® 95 or later. As a result,
external controllers are not required, which significantly
reduces development time. The program is an executable file
that does not require knowledge of any programming languages
or programming skills. It is easy to set up and to use. Figure 41
shows the software interface. The software can be downloaded
from www.analog.com.
The AD5170 starts at midscale after power-up prior to OTP
programming. To increment or decrement the resistance, the
user may simply move the scrollbars on the left. To write any
specific value, the user should use the bit pattern in the upper
screen and press the Run button. The format of writing data to
the device is shown in Table 7. Once the desired setting is
found, the user presses the Program Permanent button to blow
the internal fuse links.
To read the validation bits and data from the device, the user
simply presses the Read button. The format of the read bits is
shown in Table 8.
To apply the device programming software in the factory, users
must modify a parallel port cable and configure Pin 2, Pin 3,
Pin 15, and Pin 25 for SDA_write, SCL, SDA_read, and DGND,
respectively, for the control signals (Figure 42). Users should
also lay out the PCB of the AD5170 with SCL and SDA pads, as
shown in Figure 43, such that pogo pins can be inserted for
factory programming.
Figure 43. Recommended AD5170 PCB Layout. The SCL and SDA pads allow
pogo pins to be inserted so that signals can be communicated through the
parallel port for programming (Figure 42).
AD5170
B
A
W
NC
AD1
SDA
SCL
04104-0-043
Rev. A | Page 17 of 24
AD5170
I2C INTERFACE
Table 7. Write Mode
W
S 0 1 0 1 1 AD1 AD0
Slave Address Byte Instruction Byte Data Byte
Table 8. Read Mode
S 0 1 0 1 1 AD1 AD0 R A D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0A E1E0X X X X X X A P
Slave Address Byte Instruction Byte Data Byte
A 2T SDT 0 OW X X X A D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0A P
S = Start Condition.
P = Stop Condition.
A = Acknowledge.
AD0, AD1 = Package Pin Programmable Address Bits.
X = Don’t Care.
W
= Write.
R = Read.
2T = Second fuse link array for two-time programming. Logic 0
corresponds to first trim. Logic 1 corresponds to second trim.
Note that blowing trim #2 before trim #1 effectively disables
trim #1 and in turn only allows one-time programming.
SD = Shutdown connects wiper to B terminal and open circuits
the A terminal. It does not change the contents of the wiper
register.
T = OTP Programming Bit. Logic 1 permanently programs the
wiper.
OW = Overwrite the fuse setting and program the digital
potentiometer to a different setting. Note that upon power-up,
the digital potentiometer presets to either midscale or fuse
setting depending on whether the fuse link has been blown.
D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0 = Data Bits.
E1, E0 = OTP Validation Bits.
0, 0 = Ready to Program.
1, 0 = Fatal Error. Some fuses not blown. Do not retry.
Discard this unit.
1, 1 = Programmed Successfully. No further adjustments are
possible.
Rev. A | Page 18 of 24
AD5170
t
2
SCL
t
8
t
t
6
9
SDA
START BY
MASTER
START BY
MASTER
t
1
PS
1
SCL
01
SDA
SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE
1
SCL
01
SDA
SLAVE ADDRESS BYTE
t
011 AD1 AD0
FRAME 1
011 AD1 AD0
FRAME 1
t
2
3
t
4
t
9
t
8
2
Figure 44. I
R/WA0 SD0 OW XXX
ACK BY
AD5170
C Interface Detailed Timing Diagram
19
T
INSTRUCTION BYTE
FRAME 2
t
7
Figure 45. Writing to the RDAC Register
19
R/WD7 D6D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
ACK BY
AD5170
D5
FRAME 2
INSTRUCTION BYTE
Figure 46. Reading Data from the RDAC Register
t
5
S
19
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3
ACK BY
AD5170
19
E1 E0 XXX
ACK BY
MASTER
FRAME 3
DATA BYTE
FRAME 3
DATA BYTE
D2 D1 D0
XXX
t
10
P
9
ACK BY
AD5170
STOP BY
MASTER
9
NO ACK
BY MASTER
STOP BY
MASTER
04104-0-044
04104-0-045
04104-0-046
Rev. A | Page 19 of 24
AD5170
I2C COMPATIBLE 2-WIRE SERIAL BUS
The 2-wire I2C serial bus protocol operates as follows:
1. The master initiates data transfer by establishing a START
condition, which is when a high-to-low transition on the
SDA line occurs while SCL is high (see Figure 45). The
following byte is the slave address byte, which consists of
the slave address followed by an R/
mines whether data is read from, or written to, the slave
device). AD0 and AD1 are configurable address bits which
allow up to four devices on one bus (see Table 7).
The slave address corresponding to the transmitted address
bits responds by pulling the SDA line low during the ninth
clock pulse (this is termed the Acknowledge bit). At this
stage, all other devices on the bus remain idle while the
selected device waits for data to be written to, or read from,
its serial register. If the R/
bit is high, the master will read
W
from the slave device. If the R/
write to the slave device.
2. In the write mode, the second byte is the instruction byte.
The first bit (MSB), 2T, of the instruction byte is the
second trim enable bit. A logic low selects the first array of
fuses, and a logic high selects the second array. This means
that after blowing the fuses with trim#1, the user still has
another chance to blow them again with trim#2. Note that
using trim#2 before trim#1 effectively disables trim#1 and,
in turn, only allows one-time programming.
The second MSB, SD, is a shutdown bit. A logic high causes
an open circuit at Terminal A while shorting the wiper to
Terminal B. This operation yields almost 0 Ω in rheostat
mode or 0 V in potentiometer mode. It is important to
note that the shutdown operation does not disturb the
contents of the register. When brought out of shutdown,
the previous setting is applied to the RDAC. Also, during
shutdown, new settings can be programmed. When the
part is returned from shutdown, the corresponding VR
setting is applied to the RDAC.
The third MSB, T, is the OTP (one-time programmable)
programming bit. A logic high blows the poly fuses and
programs the resistor setting permanently. For example, if
the user wanted to blow the first array of fuses, the
instruction byte would be 00100XXX. To blow the second
array of fuses, the instruction byte would be 10100XXX. A
logic low of the T bit simply allows the device to act as a
typical volatile digital potentiometer.
The fourth MSB must always be at Logic 0.
bit (this bit deter-
W
bit is low, the master will
W
The fifth MSB, OW, is an overwrite bit. When raised to a
logic high, OW allows the RDAC setting to be changed
even after the internal fuses have been blown. However,
once OW is returned to a logic zero, the position of the
RDAC returns to the setting prior to overwrite. Because
OW is not static, if the device is powered off and on, the
RDAC presets to midscale or to the setting at which the
fuses were blown, depending on whether the fuses have
been permanently set.
The remainder of the bits in the instruction byte are Don’t
Care bits (see Figure 45).
After acknowledging the instruction byte, the last byte in
write mode is the data byte. Data is transmitted over the
serial bus in sequences of nine clock pulses (eight data bits
followed by an Acknowledge bit). The transitions on the
SDA line must occur during the low period of SCL and
remain stable during the high period of SCL (see
Figure 44).
3. In the read mode, the data byte follows immediately after
the acknowledgment of the slave address byte. Data is
transmitted over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock
pulses (a slight difference from the write mode, with eight
data bits followed by an Acknowledge bit). Similarly, the
transitions on the SDA line must occur during the low
period of SCL and remain stable during the high period of
SCL (see Figure 46).
Following the data byte, the validation byte contains two
validation bits, E0 and E1. These bits signify the status of
the one-time programming (see Figure 46).
4. After all data bits have been read or written, a STOP
condition is established by the master. A STOP condition is
defined as a low-to-high transition on the SDA line while
SCL is high. In write mode, the master pulls the SDA line
th
high during the 10
clock pulse to establish a STOP
condition (see Figure 45). In read mode, the master issues a
th
No Acknowledge for the 9
clock pulse (i.e., the SDA line
remains high). The master then brings the SDA line low
th
before the 10
clock pulse, which goes high to establish a
STOP condition (see Figure 46).
A repeated write function gives the user flexibility to update the
RDAC output a number of times after addressing and instructing
the part only once. For example, after the RDAC has acknowledged
its slave address and instruction bytes in the write mode, the
RDAC output updates on each successive byte. If different
instructions are needed, the write/read mode has to start again
with a new slave address, instruction, and data byte. Similarly, a
repeated read function of the RDAC is also allowed.
Rev. A | Page 20 of 24
AD5170
Table 9. Validation Status
E1 E0 Status
0 0 Ready for Programming.
1 0
Fatal Error. Some fuses not blown. Do not retry.
Discard this unit.
1 1 Successful. No further programming is possible.
Multiple Devices on One Bus
Figure 47 shows four AD5170s on the same serial bus. Each has
a different slave address because the states of their AD0 and
AD1 pins are different. This allows each device on the bus to be
written to, or read from, independently. The master device
2
output bus line drivers are open-drain pull-downs in a fully I
C
compatible interface.
MASTER
5V
R
PRP
5V
SDA
AD1
AD0
AD5170
SCL
SCL
SDA
AD1
AD0
AD5170
Figure 47. Multiple AD5170s on One I
5V
SDA
AD1
AD0
AD5170
SCL
2
C Bus
5V
SDA
AD1
AD0
AD5170
SCL
SDA
SCL
04104-0-047
Rev. A | Page 21 of 24
AD5170
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
AD0
1
B
2
A
3
AD5170
TOP VIEW
4
5
DD
10
W
9
NC
8
AD1
7
SDAGND
6
SCLV
04104-0-048
Figure 48. Pin Configuration
Table 10. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin Mnemonic Description
1 B B Terminal.
2 A A Terminal.
3 AD0 Programmable Address Bit 0 for Multiple Package Decoding.
4 GND Digital Ground.
5 VDD Positive Power Supply.
6 SCL Serial Clock Input. Positive Edge Triggered.
7 SDA Serial Data Input/Output.
8 AD1 Programmable Address Bit 1 for Multiple Package Decoding.
9 NC No Connect.
10 W W Terminal.
Rev. A | Page 22 of 24
AD5170
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.00 BSC
6
10
3.00 BSC
1
PIN 1
0.50 BSC
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.15
0.00
0.27
0.17
COPLANARITY
0.10
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187BA
Figure 49. 10-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP]
ORDERING GUIDE
Model RAB (kΩ) Temperature Package Description Package Option Branding
AD5170BRM2.5 2.5 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0Y
AD5170BRM2.5-RL7 2.5 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0Y
AD5170BRM10 10 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0Z
AD5170BRM10-RL7 10 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0Z
AD5170BRM50 50 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0W
AD5170BRM50-RL7 50 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0W
AD5170BRM100 100 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0X
AD5170BRM100-RL7 100 –40°C to +125°C MSOP-10 RM-10 D0X
AD5170EVAL1 Evaluation Board
1
The evaluation board is shipped with the 10 kΩ RAB resistor option; however, the board is compatible with all available resistor value options.
4.90 BSC
5
1.10 MAX
SEATING
PLANE
0.23
0.08
(RM-10)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
8°
0°
0.80
0.60
0.40
Rev. A | Page 23 of 24
AD5170
NOTES
Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent
Rights to use these components in an I