FEATURES
Two Independent 12-Bit, 125 MSPS ADCs
Channel-to-Channel Isolation, > 80 dB
AC-Coupled Signal Conditioning Included
Gain Flatness up to Nyquist, < 0.1 dB
Input VSWR 1.1:1 to Nyquist
80 dB Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
Two’s Complement Output Format
3.3 V or 5 V CMOS-Compatible Output Levels
1.5 W Per Channel
Single-Ended or Differential Input
350 MHz Input Bandwidth
APPLICATIONS
Wireless and Wired Broadband Communications
Base Stations and “Zero-IF” or Direct IF Sampling
Subsystems
Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)
Radar and Satellite Subsystems
IF Sampling A/D Converter
AD10226
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The AD10226 offers two complete ADC channels with on-module
signal conditioning for improved dynamic performance. Each wide
dynamic range ADC has a transformer coupled front end
optimized for direct-IF sampling. The AD10226 has on-chip
track-and-hold circuitry and utilizes an innovative architecture to
achieve 12-bit, 125 MSPS performance. The AD10226 uses
innovative high density circuit design to achieve exceptional
performance, while still maintaining excellent isolation and providing for board area savings.
The AD10226 operates with 5.0 V analog supply and 3.3 V digital
supply. Each channel is completely independent, allowing operation with independent ENCODE and analog inputs. The AD10226
is available in a 35 mm square 385-lead BGA package.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. Guaranteed sample rate of 125 MSPS
2. Input signal conditioning included with full-power bandwidth
to 350 MHz
3. Industry-leading IF sampling performance
D0A
(LSB)
D1A
D2A
D3A
D4A
D5A
D6A
D7A
D8A
D9A
D10A
D11A
(MSB)
DFS_A
SFDR_A
12
ENCODEA
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AINA2
AINA1AINB1
T1A
50⍀
T/HT/H
ADC
12
OUTPUT
RESISTORS
TIMING
ENCODEA
REF
REF_A_OUT
AD10226
REF_B_OUT
AINB2
50⍀
ADC
REF
T1B
1212
OUTPUT
RESISTORS
TIMING
ENCODEB
ENCODEB
D0B
(LSB)
D1B
D2B
D3B
D4B
D5B
D6B
D7B
D8B
D9B
D10B
D11B
(MSB)
DFS_B
SFDR_B
REV. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
All ac specifications tested by driving ENCODE and ENCODE differentially, with the analog input applied to AINX1 and AINX2 tied to ground.
2
SFDR enabled (SFDR = 1) for DNL and INL specifications.
3
Gain error measured at 10.3 MHz.
4
Input VSWR, see TPC 14.
5
See Figure 1, Timing Diagram.
6
tV and tPD are measured from the transition points of the ENCODE input to the 50%/50% levels of the digital outputs swing. The digital output load during
test is not to exceed an ac load of 10 pF or a dc current of ± 40 A.
7
Supply voltages should remain stable within ± 5% for normal operation.
8
Power dissipation measures with encode at rated speed.
9
Analog input signal power at –1 dBFS; signal-to-noise (SNR) is the ratio of signal level to total noise (first six harmonics removed). ENCODE = 125 MSPS,
SFDR mode = 1. SNR is reported in dBFS, related back to converter full-scale.
10
Analog input signal power at –1 dBFS; signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) is the ratio of signal level to total noise + harmonics. ENCODE = 125 MSPS.
SINAD is reported in dBFS, related back to converter full-scale.
11
Analog input signal equals –1 dBFS; SFDR is ratio of converter full-scale to worst spur.
12
Both input tones at –7 dBFS; two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) rejection is the ratio of either tone to the worst third order intermod product.
13
Channel-to-channel isolation tested with A channel/50 Ω terminated (AINA2) grounded and a full-scale signal applied to B channel (AINB2).
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device
at these or any other conditions outside of those indicated in the operation sections
of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
385-Lead BGA Package:
The typical θ
of the module as determined by an IR scan is
JA
26.25°C/W.
EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS
Test Level
I100% production tested
II100% production tested at 25°C and sample tested at specific
temperatures
III Sample tested only
IV Parameter is guaranteed by design and characterization
testing
VParameter is a typical value only
VI 100% production tested at 25°C; guaranteed by design and
characterization testing for industrial temperature range
AD10226AB–25°C to +85°C (Ambient)385-Lead BGA (35 mm 35 mm)B-385
AD10226/PCB25°CEvaluation Board with AD10226AB
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD10226 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–4–
REV. 0
Page 5
PIN CONFIGURATION
25 232119 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
24 222018 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
R
T
U
V
W
Y
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AD10226
35mm SQUARE
BOTTOM VIEW
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
MnemonicFunction
AGNDAA Channel Analog Ground. A and B grounds should be connected as close to the device as possible.
REF_A_OUTA Channel Internal Voltage Reference
NCNo connection
A1Analog Input for A side ADC (– input)
A
IN
A2Analog Input for A side ADC (+ input)
A
IN
AAnalog Positive Supply Voltage (nominally 5.0 V)
AV
CC
DGNDAA Channel Digital Ground
D11A–D0ADigital Outputs for ADC A. D0 (LSB)
ENCODEAComplement of ENCODE
ENCODEAData conversion initiated on the rising edge of ENCODE input.
ADigital Positive Supply Voltage (nominally 3.3 V)
DV
CC
DGNDBB Channel Digital Ground
D11B–D0BDigital Outputs for ADC B. D0 (LSB)
AGNDBB Channel Analog Ground. A and B grounds should be connected as close to the device as possible.
BDigital Positive Supply Voltage (nominally 3.3 V)
DV
CC
ENCODEBComplement of ENCODE
ENCODEBData conversion initiated on rising edge of ENCODE input.
REF_B_OUTB Channel Internal Voltage Reference
B1Analog Input for B side ADC (– input)
A
IN
B2Analog Input for B side ADC (+ input)
A
IN
BAnalog Positive Supply Voltage (nominally 5.0 V)
AV
CC
DFSData format select. Low = Two’s Complement, High = Binary.
SFDR ModeCMOS control pin that enables (SFDR MODE = 1) a proprietary circuit that may improve the spurious free dynamic
range (SFDR) performance. It is useful in applications where the dynamic range of the system is limited by discrete spurious
frequency content caused by nonlinearities in the ADC transfer function. SFDR Mode = 0 for normal operation.
REV. 0
–5–
Page 6
AD10226
385-LEAD BGA PINOUT
BallSignalBallSignalBall SignalBallSignalBallSignalBall Signal
No.NameNo.NameNo.NameNo.NameNo.NameNo.Name
Test Circuit 3. Equivalent Voltage Reference Output
V
CC
3.75k⍀
AIN2
50⍀
AIN1
15k⍀
3.75k⍀
15k⍀
Test Circuit 2. Equivalent Digital Output
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Analog Bandwidth
The analog input frequency at which the spectral power of the
fundamental frequency (as determined by the FFT analysis) is
reduced by 3 dB.
Aperture Delay
The delay between the 50% point on the rising edge of the ENCODE
command and the instant at which the analog input is sampled.
Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter)
The sample-to-sample variation in aperture delay.
–10–
Test Circuit 4. Equivalent Analog Input
Differential Nonlinearity
The deviation of any code from an ideal 1 LSB step.
ENCODE Pulsewidth/Duty Cycle
Pulsewidth high is the minimum amount of time that the
ENCODE pulse should be left in logic “1” state to achieve rated
performance; pulsewidth low is the minimum time ENCODE
pulse should be left in low state. At a given clock rate, these specs
define an acceptable ENCODE duty cycle.
REV. 0
Page 11
AD10226
Harmonic Distortion
The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the worst
harmonic component.
Integral Nonlinearity
The deviation of the transfer function from a reference line measured
in fractions of 1 LSB using a “best straight line” determined by
a least square curve fit.
Minimum Conversion Rate
The ENCODE rate at which the SNR of the lowest analog signal
frequency drops by no more than 3 dB below the guaranteed limit.
Maximum Conversion Rate
The ENCODE rate at which parametric testing is performed.
Output Propagation Delay
The delay between the 50% point of the rising edge of ENCODE
command and the time when all output data bits are within valid
logic levels.
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
The ratio of a change in output offset voltage to a change in
power supply voltage.
Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion (SINAD)
The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full-scale)
to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components,
excluding the first six harmonics and dc. [May be reported in dBc
(i.e., degrades as signal levels are lowered) or in dBFS (always
related back to converter full-scale).]
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (without Harmonics)
The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full-scale)
to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components,
excluding the first six harmonics and dc. [May be reported in
dBc (i.e., degrades as signal levels are lowered) or in dBFS (always
related back to converter full-scale).]
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the peak
spurious spectral component. The peak spurious component may
or may not be a harmonic. [May be reported in dBc (i.e., degrades
as signal levels is lowered) or in dBFS (always related back to
converter full-scale).]
Two-Tone Intermodulation Distortion Rejection
The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value
of the worst third order intermodulation product; reported in dBc.
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
The ratio of the amplitude of the electric field at a voltage maximum
to that at an adjacent voltage minimum.
APPLICATION NOTES
Theory of Operation
The AD10226 is a high-dynamic-range dual 12-bit, 125 MHz
subrange pipeline converter that uses switched capacitor architecture. The analog input section uses A
A2/B2 at 1.84 V p-p
IN
with an input impedance of 50 Ω. The analog input includes an
ac-coupled wideband 1:1 transformer, which provides high dynamic
range and SNR while maintaining VSWR and gain flatness. The
ADC includes a high bandwidth linear track/hold that gives excellent spurious performance up to and beyond the Nyquist rate. The
high bandwidth track/hold has a low jitter of 0.25 ps rms, leading
to excellent SNR and SFDR performance. AC-coupled differential PECL/ECL encode inputs are recommended for optimum
performance.
REV. 0
–11–
USING THE AD10226
ENCODE Input
Any high speed A/D converter is extremely sensitive to the quality
of the sampling clock provided by the user. A track/hold circuit
is essentially a mixer, and any noise, distortion, or timing jitter
on the clock will be combined with the desired signal at the A/D
output. For that reason, considerable care has been taken in the
design of the ENCODE input of the AD10226, and the user is
advised to give commensurate thought to the clock source.
The monolithic converter has an internal clock duty cycle stabilization circuit that locks to the rising edge of ENCODE (falling edge
of ENCODE if driven differentially), and optimizes timing internally. This allows for a wide range of input duty cycles at the input
without degrading performance. Jitter in the rising edge of the input
is still of paramount concern and is not reduced by the internal
stabilization circuit. This circuit is always on and cannot be disabled by the user.
The ENCODE and ENCODE inputs are internally biased to 3.75 V
(nominal) and support either differential or single-ended signals.
For best dynamic performance, a differential signal is recommended.
Good performance is obtained using an MC10EL16 in the circuit
to directly drive the encode inputs, as illustrated in Figure 2.
AD10226
ENCODE
ENCODE
PECL
GATE
510⍀
GND
510⍀
0.1F
0.1F
Figure 2. Using PECL to Drive ENCODE Inputs
Often, the cleanest clock source is a crystal oscillator producing
a pure, single-ended sine wave. In this configuration, or with any
roughly symmetrical, single-ended clock source, the signal can
be ac-coupled to the ENCODE input. To minimize jitter, the
signal amplitude should be maximized within the input range
described in the Table II.
Table II. ENCODE Inputs
DescriptionMinNomMax
Differential Signal
Amplitude (V
)200 mV750 mV5.5 V
ID
Input Voltage
Range (V
HID, VILD, VHIS
)–5 VV
+ 0.5 V
CC
Internal Common-Mode
Voltage (V
)3.75 V
ICM
External Common-Mode
Bias (V
)2.0 V4.25 V
ECM
50⍀
SINE
SOURCE
0.1F
0.1F
50⍀50⍀50⍀
ENCODE
ENCODE
AD10226
Figure 3. Single-Ended 50 Sine Encode Circuit
The 10 kΩ resistors to ground at each of the inputs, in parallel with
the internal bias resistors, set the common-mode voltage to ~ 2.5 V,
Page 12
AD10226
allowing the maximum swing at the input. The ENCODE input
should be bypassed with a capacitor to ground to reduce noise.
This ensures that the internal bias voltage is centered on the
encode signal (Figure 3). For best dynamic performance, impedances at ENCODE and ENCODE should match.
Figure 4 shows another preferred method for clocking the AD10226.
The clock source (low jitter) is converted from single-ended to
differential using an RF transformer. The back-to-back Schottky
diodes across the transformer secondary limit clock excursions
into the AD10226 to approximately 0.8 V p-p differential. This
helps prevent the large voltage swings of the clock from feeding
through to the other portions of the AD9433, and limits the noise
presented to the ENCODE inputs. A crystal clock oscillator can
also be used to drive the RF transformer if an appropriate limiting
resistor (typically 100 Ω) is placed in the series with the primary.
CLOCK
SOURCE
0.1F
100⍀
AD10226
ENCODE
ENCODE
Figure 4. Double-Ended 50 Sine Encode Circuit
ENCODE Voltage Level Definition
The voltage level definitions for driving ENCODE and ENCODE
in differential mode is shown in Figure 6.
V
V
IHS VILS
V
IHS VILS
IHD
V
ID
V
ILD
V
IHS
V
ILS
ENCODE
ENCODE
ENCODE
ENCODE
0.1F
Figure 5. Differential Input Levels
Analog Input
The analog input is a single-ended ac-coupled high performance
1:1 transformer with an input impedance of 50 Ω to 350 MHz.
The nominal full scale input is 1.87 V p-p.
Special care was taken in the design of the analog input section
of the AD10226 to prevent damage and corruption of data when
the input is overdriven.
SFDR Optimization
The SFDR MODE pin enables (SFDR MODE = 1) a proprietary
circuit that may improve the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR)
performance of the AD10226. It is useful in applications where the
dynamic range of the system is limited by discrete spurious frequency
content caused by nonlinearities in the ADC transfer function.
Enabling this circuit will give the circuit a dynamic transfer function,
meaning that the voltage threshold between two adjacent output
codes may change from clock cycle to clock cycle. While improving spurious frequency content, this dynamic aspect of the transfer
function may be inappropriate for some time domain applications
of the converter. Connecting the SFDR Mode pin to ground will
disable this function. The Typical Performance Characteristics
section of the data sheet illustrates the improvement in the linearity
of the converter and its effect on spurious-free dynamic range.
–12–
Digital Outputs
The digital outputs are 3.3 V (2.7 V to 3.6 V) TTL/CMOScompatible for lower power consumption. The output data format
is selectable through the data format select (DFS) CMOS input.
DFS = 1 selects offset binary coding (Table III); DFS = 0 selects Two’s Complement coding (Table IV).
Table III. Offset Binary Output Coding (DFS = 1, V
A
– AIN (V)Digital
IN
= 2.5 V)
REF
CodeRange = 2 V p-pOutput
4095+0.921111 1111 1111
•••
•••
204801000 0000 0000
2047–0.000450111 1111 1111
•••
•••
0–0.920000 0000 0000
Table IV. Two’s Complement Output Coding
(DFS = 0, V
A
– AIN (V)Digital
IN
= 2.5 V)
REF
CodeRange = 2 V p-pOutput
+2047+0.920111 1111 1111
•••
•••
000000 0000 0000
–1–0.000451111 1111 1111
•••
•••
–2048–0.921000 0000 0000
Voltage Reference
A stable and accurate 2.5 V voltage reference is designed into the
AD10226 (V
). An external voltage reference is not required.
REFOUT
Timing
The AD10226 provides latched data outputs, with 10 pipeline
delays. Data outputs are available one propagation delay (t
PD
) after
the rising edge of the ENCODE command (see Figure 1). The
length of the output data lines and loads placed on them should
be minimized to reduce transients within the AD10226; these
transients can detract from the converter’s dynamic performance.
The minimum guaranteed conversion rate of the AD10226 is
10 MSPS. At internal clock rates below 10 MSPS, dynamic performance may degrade. Therefore, input clock rates below 10 MHz
should be avoided.
GROUNDING AND DECOUPLING
Analog and Digital Grounding
Proper grounding is essential in any high-speed, high resolution
system. Multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) are recommended
to provide optimal grounding and power schemes. The use of
ground and power planes offers distinct advantages:
1. The minimization of the loop area encompassed by a signal
and its return path.
2. The minimization of the impedance associated with ground
and power paths.
3. The inherent distributed capacitor formed by the powerplane,
PCB insulation, and ground plane.
REV. 0
Page 13
AD10226
These characteristics result in both a reduction of electromagnetic
interference (EMI) and an overall improvement in performance.
It is important to design a layout that prevents noise from coupling
to the input signal. Digital signals should not be run in parallel
with input signal traces and should be routed away from the input
circuitry. The PCB should have a ground plane covering all unused
portions of the component side of the board to provide a low
impedance path and manage the power and ground currents. The
ground plane should be removed from the area near the input
pins to reduce stray capacitance.
Solder Reflow Profile
The Solder Reflow Profile for the AD10226 is shown in Figure 6.
250
200
150
100
TEMPERATURE – ⴗC
50
0
050
100150200250300350400
TIME – Seconds
Figure 6. Typical Solder Reflow Profile
LAYOUT INFORMATION
The schematic of the evaluation board (Figures 7a–7d) represents
a typical implementation of the AD10226. The pinout of the
AD10226 is very straightforward and facilitates ease of use and the
implementation of high-frequency/high resolution design practices. It is recommended that high quality ceramic chip capacitors
be used to decouple each supply pin to ground directly at the device.
All capacitors can be standard high quality ceramic chip capacitors.
Care should be taken when placing the digital output runs. Because
the digital outputs have such a high slew rate, the capacitive loading on the digital outputs should be minimized. Circuit traces for
the digital outputs should be kept short and connect directly to
the receiving gate. Internal circuitry buffers the outputs of the
AD9433 ADC through a resistor network to eliminate the need
to externally isolate the device from the receiving gate.
EVALUATION BOARD
The AD10226 evaluation board (Figures 7a–7d) is designed to
provide optimal performance for evaluation of the AD10226
analog-to-digital converter. The board encompasses everything
needed to ensure the highest level of performance for evaluating the
AD10226. The board requires an analog input signal, an ENCODE
clock and power supply inputs. The clock is buffered on-board to
provide clocks for the latches. The digital outputs and out clocks
are available at the standard 40-pin connectors J1 and J2. Power
to the analog supply pins is connected via banana jacks. The analog
supply powers the associated components and analog section of the
AD10226. The digital outputs of the AD10226 are also powered
via banana jacks with 3.3 V. Contact the factory if additional layout
or application assistance is required.
BILL OF MATERIALS LIST FOR AD10226 EVALUATION BOARD
QuantityReference DesignatorValueDescriptionPart Number
2U16, U17IC, Low Voltage 16-Bit D-Type Flip-Flop74LCX16374MTD
with 5 V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs(Fairchild)
1U1IC, BGA 35 35 385AD10226AB
2U14, U15IC, Precision Low Dropout any CAPADP3330ART-3.3-RL7