Bidirectional 1.5 mΩ Hall Effect Based Linear Current Sensor
with Voltage Isolation and 15 A Dynamic Range
Package LC
Pin 8: VCC
Pin 7: VOUT
Pin 1: IP+
Pin 2: IP+
Pin 3: IP–
Pin 4: IP–
Pins 6 and 7 are internally connected in shipping
product. For compatibility with future devices,
leave pin 6 floating.
Nominal Operating Temperature, T
Range E............................................ –40 to 85ºC
Overcurrent Transient Tolerance*, I
*
100 total pulses, 250 ms duration each, applied at a rate of
1 pulse every 100 seconds.
AB SO LUTE MAX I MUM RAT INGS
Supply Voltage, VCC.......................................... 16 V
Reverse Supply Voltage, V
Output Voltage, V
........................................16 V
OUT
Reverse Output Voltage, V
Output Current Source, I
Output Current Sink, I
OUT(Sink)
Maximum Transient Sensed Current
Operating Temperature,
Maximum Junction, T
Storage Temperature, T
*
Junction Temperature, TJ < T
........................–16 V
RCC
......................–0.1 V
ROUT
OUT(Source)
.......................10 mA
....................... 165°C
J(max)
......................–65 to 170°C
S
.
J(max)
Pin 6: N.C.
Pin 5: GND
A
................ 60 A
P
................. 3 mA
*
, I
... 100 A
R(max)
ACS706ELC-05C
The Allegro ACS706 family of current sensors provides economical and
precise solutions for current sensing in industrial, automotive, commercial, and
communications systems. The device package allows for easy implementation
by the customer. Typical applications include motor control, load detection and
management, switched-mode power supplies, and overcurrent fault protection.
The device consists of a precision, low-offset linear Hall sensor circuit with
a copper conduction path located near the surface of the die. Applied current
flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which is
sensed by the integrated Hall IC and converted into a proportional voltage. Device
accuracy is optimized through the close proximity of the magnetic signal to the
Hall transducer. A precise, proportional voltage is provided by the low-offset,
chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC, which is programmed for accuracy at the
factory.
The output of the device has a positive slope (>V
flows through the primary copper conduction path (from pins 1 and 2, to pins 3
and 4), which is the path used for current sensing. The internal resistance of this
conductive path is typically 1.5 mΩ, providing low power loss. The thickness
of the copper conductor allows survival of the device at up to 5× overcurrent
conditions. The terminals of the conductive path are electrically isolated from the
sensor leads (pins 5 through 8). This allows the ACS706 family of sensors to be
used in applications requiring electrical isolation without the use of opto-isolators
or other costly isolation techniques.
The ACS706 is provided in a small, surface mount SOIC8 package. The leadframe
is plated with 100% matte tin, which is compatible with standard lead (Pb) free
printed circuit board assembly processes. Internally, the flip-chip uses hightemperature Pb-based solder balls, currently exempt from RoHS. The device is
fully calibrated prior to shipment from the factory.
Features and Benefits
• Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package
• 1.5 mΩ internal conductor resistance
• Excellent replacement for sense resistors
• 1600 V
• 4.5 to 5.5 V, single supply operation
• 50 kHz bandwidth
• 133 mV/A output sensitivity and 15 A dynamic range
• Output voltage proportional to ac and dc currents
• Factory-trimmed for accuracy
• Extremely stable output offset voltage
• Near-zero magnetic hysteresis
• Ratiometric output from supply voltage
minimum isolation voltage between pins 1-4 and 5-8
RMS
/ 2) when an increasing current
CC
TÜV America
Certificate Number:
U8V 04 12 54214 005
ACS706ELC05C-DS, Rev. 1
Use the following complete part number when ordering:
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS, over operating ambient temperature range unless otherwise specified
Optimized Accuracy RangeI
Linear Sensing RangeI
Supply VoltageV
Supply CurrentI
Output ResistanceR
Output Capacitance LoadC
Output Resistive LoadR
Primary Conductor Resistance R
RMS Isolation VoltageV
DC Isolation VoltageV
P
R
CC
VCC = 5.0 V, output open5810mA
CC
OUTIOUT
LOAD
LOAD
PRIMARYTA
ISORMS
ISODC
VOUT to GND––10nF
VOUT to GND4.7––kΩ
Pins 1-4 and 5-8; 60 Hz, 1 minute16002500–V
= 1.2 mA–12Ω
= 25°C–1.5–mΩ
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, over operating ambient temperature range, unless otherwise specified
Propagation Timet
Response Timet
Rise Timet
PROPIP
RESPONSEIP
r
Frequency Bandwidthf–3 dB, T
SensitivitySens
NoiseV
LinearityE
SymmetryE
Zero Current Output VoltageV
Electrical Offset VoltageV
Magnetic Offset Error
Total Output Error
1
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Junction-to-Lead Thermal
Resistance
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal
Resistance
1
Percentage of IP, with IP = 5 A. Output filtered. Up to a 2.0% shift in E
2
The Allegro evaluation board has 1500 mm2 of 2 oz. copper on each side, connected to pins 1 and 2, and to pins 3 and 4, with thermal vias connect-
NOISE
LIN
SYM
OUT(Q)IP
OE
I
ERROMIP
E
TOT
2,3
, TA = –40°C to 125°C, VCC = 5 V unless otherwise specified
R
θJL
R
θJA
=±5 A, TA = 25°C–3.15–μs
=±5 A, TA = 25°C–6–μs
IP =±5 A, TA = 25°C–7.45–μs
= 25°C; IP is 10 A peak-to-peak; no external filter–50–kHz
A
Over full range of I
Over full range of I
, IP applied for 5 ms; TA = 25°C–133–mV/A
P
, IP applied for 5 ms124–142mV/A
P
Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, no external filter–90–mV
Root Mean Square, T
= 25°C, no external filter–16–mV
A
Over full range of IP , IP applied for 5 ms–±1±4.7%
Over full range of IP , IP applied for 5 ms98100104.5%
= 0 A, TA = 25°C–VCC / 2–V
IP = 0 A, TA = 25°C–15–15mV
IP = 0 A–65–65mV
= 0 A, after excursion of 5 A–±0.01±0.05A
IP =±5 A , IP applied for 5 ms;TA = 25°C–±1.5–%
IP = ±5 A , IP applied for 5 ms––±12.5%
Mounted on the Allegro ASEK 70x evaluation board; additional
information about reference boards and tests is available on the
Allegro Web site
Mounted on the Allegro ASEK 70x evaluation board; additional
information about reference boards and tests is available on the
Allegro Web site
may be observed at end-of-life for this device.
TOT
ing the layers. Performance values include the power consumed by the PWB. Further details on the board are available from the ACS704 Frequently
Asked Questions document on our website. Further information about board design and thermal performance also can be found on pages 16 and 17 of
this datasheet.
3
R
values shown in this table are typical values, measured on the Allegro evaluation board. The actual thermal performance depends on the board
θJA
design, the airflow in the system, and thermal interactions between the sensor and surrounding components through the PCB and the ambient air. To
improve thermal performance, see our applications material on the Allegro Web site.
Sensitivity (Sens). The change in sensor output in response to a 1 A change through the primary conductor. The sensitivity is the product of the magnetic circuit sensitivity (G / A) and the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G). The linear IC amplifier gain is programmed at the
factory to optimize the sensitivity (mV/A) for the full-scale current of the device.
Noise (V
). The product of the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G) and the noise floor for the Allegro Hall effect linear IC (≈1 G).
NOISE
The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise (mV) by the sensitivity
(mV/A) provides the smallest current that the device is able to resolve.
Linearity (E
): The degree to which the voltage output from the sensor varies in direct proportion to the primary current through its
LIN
full-scale amplitude. Nonlinearity in the output can be attributed to the saturation of the flux concentrator approaching the full-scale
current. The following equation is used to derive the linearity:
where V
out_full-scale amperes
Symmetry (E
V
(
100
out_full-scale amperes
1–
[{
2 (V
out_half-scale amperes
= the output voltage (V) when the sensed current approximates full-scale ±IP .
). The degree to which the absolute voltage output from the sensor varies in proportion to either a positive or nega-
SYM
– V
– V
OUT(Q)
OUT(Q)
)
[{
)
tive full-scale primary current. The following formula is used to derive symmetry:
V
out_+full-scale amperes
100
Quiescent output voltage (V
V
). The output of the sensor when the primary current is zero. For a unipolar supply voltage, it
OUT(Q)
OUT(Q)
–V
nominally remains at VCC ⁄ 2. Thus, VCC = 5 V translates into V
out_–full-scale amperes
OUT(Q)
– V
OUT(Q)
= 2.5 V. Variation in V
can be attributed to the resolution
OUT(Q)
of the Allegro linear IC quiescent voltage trim and thermal drift.
Electrical offset voltage (VOE). The deviation of the device output from its ideal quiescent value of VCC / 2 due to nonmagnetic causes.
To convert this voltage to amperes, divide by the device sensitivity, Sens.
Accuracy (E
). The accuracy represents the maximum deviation of the actual output from its ideal value. This is also known as the
TOT
total ouput error. The accuracy is illustrated graphically in the Output Voltage versus Current chart on the following page.
Accuracy is divided into four areas:
• 0 A at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing zero current flow at 25°C, without the effects of temperature.
• 0 A over Δ temperature. Accuracy of sensing zero current flow including temperature effects.
• Full-scale current at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing the full-scale current at 25°C, without the effects of temperature.
• Full-scale current over Δ temperature. Accuracy of sensing full-scale current flow including temperature effects.
Ratiometry. The ratiometric feature means that its 0 A output, V
tional to its supply voltage, V
. The following formula is used to derive the ratiometric change in 0 A output voltage, ΔV
CC
V
OUT(Q)VCC
100
‰
The ratiometric change in sensitivity, ΔSens
(%), is defined as:
RAT
100
Sens
‰
ACS706ELC05C-DS, Rev. 1
, (nominally equal to VCC/2) and sensitivity, Sens, are propor-
): The time required for the sensor output to reflect a change in the primary cur-
PROP
rent signal. Propagation delay is attributed to inductive loading within the linear IC package, as well as in the
inductive loop formed by the primary conductor geometry. Propagation delay can be considered as a fixed time
offset and may be compensated.
Primary Current
Transducer Output
Propagation Time, t
PROP
t
Response time (t
RESPONSE
I (%)
90
0
): The time interval between a) when the primary current signal reaches 90% of its
final value, and b) when the sensor reaches 90% of its output corresponding to the applied current.
I (%)
90
Primary Current
Transducer Output
Rise time (t
0
Response Time, t
): The time interval between a) when the sensor reaches 10% of its full scale value, and b) when
r
RESPONSE
t
it reaches 90% of its full scale value. The rise time to a step response is used to derive the bandwidth of the
current sensor, in which ƒ(–3 dB) = 0.35 / tr. Both tr and t
RESPONSE
are detrimentally affected by eddy current
losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane.
Chopper Stabilization is an innovative circuit technique that is used to minimize the offset voltage of a Hall
element and an associated on-chip amplifier. Allegro patented a Chopper Stabilization technique that nearly
eliminates Hall IC output drift induced by temperature or package stress effects. This offset reduction technique
is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. Modulation is used to separate the undesired dc offset
signal from the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain. Then, using a low-pass filter, the modulated dc offset is suppressed while the magnetically induced signal passes through the filter. As a result of this
chopper stabilization approach, the output voltage from the Hall IC is desensitized to the effects of temperature
and mechanical stress. This technique produces devices that have an extremely stable Electrical Offset Voltage,
are immune to thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature cycling.
This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process that allows the use of low-offset and
low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and sample and hold circuits.
Transient Common-Mode Voltage Rejection in the ACS706
In order to quantify transient common-mode voltage rejection for the ACS706, a device was soldered onto a printed
circuit board. A 0.1 μF bypass capacitor and a 5 V dc power supply were connected between VCC and GND (pins 8 and
5) for this device. A 10 kΩ load resistor and a 0.01 μF capacitor were connected in parallel between the VOUT pin and
the GND pin of the device (pins 7 and 5).
8
7
Output
6
C3
C=0.01µF
C=0.1µF
R=10kΩ
R0
5
C0
Vcc
VDC=5V
Ground
V0
GND
V
OUT
=0V
V
OUT
=20VPP
freq=variable
1
2
I
P
3
V1
4
ACS706 Schematic Diagram of the Circuit used to Measure Transient Rejection
A function generator was connected between the primary current conductor (pins 1 thru 4) and the GND pin of
the device (pin 5). This function generator was configured to generate a 10 V peak (20 V peak-to-peak) sine
wave between pins 1-4 and pin 5. Note that the sinusoidal stimulus was applied such that no electrical current
would flow through the copper conductor composed of pins 1-4 of this device.
The frequency of this sine wave was varied from 60 Hz to 5 MHz in discrete steps. At each frequency, the
statistics feature of an oscilloscope was used to measure the voltage variations (noise) on the ACS706 output
in mV (peak to peak). The noise was measured both before and after the application of the stimulus. Transient
common-mode voltage rejection as a function of frequency is shown in the following figure.
The Effect of PCB Layout on ACS706 Thermal Performance
Eight different PC boards were fabricated to characterize the effect of PCB design on the operating junction temperature of the
Hall-effect IC inside of the ACS706. These PC boards are shown in the figure below.
2 oz. Cu on one side of board2 oz. Cu on both sides of board
An ACS706 device was soldered on to each PCB for thermal testing. The results of the testing are shown in the following table.
Test Results on Eight Thermal Characterization PCBs
Tested at 15A, TA = 20°C, still air, 2 oz. copper traces, current carried on and off board
The eight PC boards in the figure above do not represent an ideal PC board for use with the ACS706. The ACS706 evaluation
boards, for sale at the Allegro Web site On-Line Store, represent a more optimal PC board design (see photo below). On the
evaluation boards, the current to be sensed flows through very wide traces that were fabricated using 2 layers of 2 oz. copper.
Thermal management tests were conducted on the Allegro evaluation boards and all tests were performed using the same test
conditions described in the bulleted list above. The results for these thermal tests are shown in the table below. When using
the Allegro evaluation boards we see that even at an applied current of 20 A the junction temperature of the ACS706 is only
≈30 degrees above ambient temperature.
Test Results on Eight Electrical Characterization PCBs
Tested at TA = 20°C, still air
Applied Current
(A)
1522
2031
Temp Rise Above Ambient
(°C)
ACS706ELC05C-DS, Rev. 1
Allegro Current sensor evaluatin board with ACS706
and external connections.
Preliminary dimensions, for reference only
Dimensions in millimeters
U.S. Customary dimensions (in.) in brackets, for reference only
(reference JEDEC MS-012 AA)
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
A
Terminal #1 mark area
6.20
.244
5.80
.228
M
M B
0.25 [.010]
5.00
.197
4.80
8
A
.189
21
A
4.00
3.80
B
.157
.150
8º
0º
0.25
0.17
1.27
0.40
0.25 .010
.050
.016
.010
.007
8X
8X
0.51
0.31
0.25 [.010]
C0.10 [.004]
.020
.012
M C A B
1.27 .050
0.25
0.10
SEATING
PLANE
1.75
1.35
.010
.004
.069
.053
C
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
The products described herein are manufactured under one or more of the following U.S. patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283; 5,389,889;
5,581,179; 5,517,112; 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719; 5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents pending.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such de par tures from the detail spec i fi ca tions as may be required to
permit improvements in the per for mance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support devices or sys tems without express written approval.
The in for ma tion in clud ed herein is believed to be ac cu rate and reliable. How ev er, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no re spon si bil i ty for its