n AC Line switch for appliance control systems
n Drive of low power high inductive or resistive
loads like:
- solenoid, relay, valve, dispenser
- micro-motor
- door lock
- low powerlamp bulb
- pump
- fan
ACS108-5Sx
AC LINE SWITCH
OUT
COM
G
FEATURES
n V
n Avalanche controlled device
n I
n Gate triggering current : I
n Switch integrated driver
n DrivereferenceCOMconnectedtotheSOT223tab
DRM
T(RMS)
/V
RRM
= 0.8 A
= 500V
<10mA
GT
BENEFITS
n Needs no more external protection snubber &
varistor.
n Enables the equipment to meet IEC1000-4-5
standard.
n Allows straightforward connection of several
SOT223 devices onthe same cooling pad.
n Reduces the switch component count by up to
80%.
n Interfaces directlywith themicrocontroller.
n Eliminates any stressing gate kick back on the
microcontroller.
DESCRIPTION
The ACS108 belongs to the AC line switches built
aroundthe ASD concept. This high performance
full planar technology device is able to control an
0.8 A load.
The ACS switch embeds a high voltage
clamping structure to absorb the inductive
turn-off energy and a gat e level shift er driver t o
separate the digital controller f rom the main
switch. It is triggered with a negative gate current
flowing out of the gate pin.
TO92
ACS108-5SA
COM
OUT
COM
G
SOT223
ACS108-5SN
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
OUT
ACS108
S
ON
D
Note:
For further technical information, please re-
fer to the Application note AN1172.
November 1999 -Ed: 3B
GCOM
1/7
Page 2
ACS108-5Sx
ABSOLUTE RATINGS (limitingvalues)
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
DRM
V
RRM
I
T(RMS)
I
TSM
dI/dtCritical rate of rise ofon-state current
V
PP
TstgStorage temperature range- 40 to + 150°C
TjOperating junction temperature range0 to+ 110°C
TlMaximum lead temperature for soldering during 10s260°C
note 1 : accordingto testdescribed byIEC 1000-4-5 standard & Figure3.
SWITCH GATE CHARACTERISTICS (maximum values)
SymbolParameterValueUnit
P
G (AV)
I
GM
V
GM
Repetitive peak off-state voltageTj = 25 °C500V
RMS on-state current full cycle sine
wave 50 to 60 Hz
TO92Tlead =60 °C0.8A
TO92Tamb = 60 °C0.3A
SOT223Tamb =55 °C0.8A
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current
Tj initial = 25⊃C, full cycle sinewave
= 20mA with tr = 100ns
I
G
Non repetitive line peak pulse voltage
F =50 Hz7.3A
F =60 Hz8A
Repetitive
20A/µs
F =120 Hz
note 1
2kV
Average gate power dissipation0.1W
Peak gate current (tp = 20µs)1A
Peak positive gate voltage (respect to the pin COM)5V
THERMAL RESISTANCES
SymbolParameterValueUnit
Rth (j-a)Junction to ambientTO92150°C/W
SOT223 (*)60°C/W
Rth (j-l)Junction to lead for full AC linecycle conductionTO9260°C/W
Rth (j-t)Junction to tabfor full AC line cycle conductionSOT22325°C/W
(*) : with5cm2copper(e=35µm) surface under tab
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Foreither positive or negativepolarityof pinOUT voltage respectto pinCOM voltage
SymbolTest ConditionsValuesUnit
I
GT
V
GT
V
GD
I
H
I
L
V
TM
I
DRM
I
RRM
dV/dtV
(dI/dt)c(dV
V
CL
V
=12V (DC) RL=140ΩTj=25°CMAX10mA
OUT
V
=12V (DC) RL=140ΩTj=25°CMAX1V
OUT
V
OUT=VDRMRL
I
= 100mA gate openTj=25°CTYP25mA
OUT
=3.3kΩTj=110°CMIN0.2V
MAX60mA
IG= 20mATj=25°CTYP30mA
MAX65mA
IOUT = 1.1A tp=380µsTj=25°CMAX1.3V
V
OUT=VDRM
V
OUT=VRRM
=400V gate openTj=110°CMIN500V/µs
OUT
/dt)c=10V/µsTj=110°CMIN0.1A/ms
OUT
Tj=25°CMAX2µA
Tj=110°CMAX50µA
ICL = 1mAtp=1msTj=25°CTYP600V
2/7
Page 3
ACS108-5Sx
AC LINE SWITCH BASIC APPLICATION
The ACS108 device is well adapted to washing machine, dishwasher, tumble drier, refrigerator, water
heater andcookware. Ithas beendesigned especiallyto switchON andOFF low power loads such as solenoid, valve, relay, micro-motor,fan, pump, door lock and low wattage lamp bulb.
Pin COM:Common drive reference to connect to the power line neutral
Pin G:SwitchGate input to connect to the digital controller
Pin OUT:Switch Output to connect to the Load
The ACS switch is triggered with anegative gatecurrent flowingoutof thegate pinG. Itcan be driven di-
rectly by the digital controllerthrough a resistor as shown on the typical application diagram. Note that no
protection device (zener or capacitor)should be added between gates and common terminals.
The SOT223version allowsseveral ACS108devices to beconnected on thesame coolingPCB padwhich
is the COM pin : this cooling pad can be then reduced, and the printed circuit layout is simplified.
In appliances systems, the ACS108 switch intends to drive low power load in full cycle ON / OFF mode.
When thegate signalis removed,the load is switchedoff after a delay timethat isequal toone halfline cycle or one full line cycle depending on the load drive strategy.
The turn off commutation characteristicsof these loads can be classified in 3 groups asshown in table 1.
Thanks to its thermaland turn off commutation performances, the ACS108 switch is able to drive with no
additional turn off snubber, aresistive or inductive load up to 0.2 A (when this load has to switch offwithin
one half AC line cycle), an inductive load up to 0.6 A or a resistive load up to 0.8A (when this load hasto
switch off withinone full AC line cycle).
Table 1: Load grouping versustheir turn off commutation requirement (230V AC applications).
LOAD
IRMS
POWER
FACTOR
(A)
(dI/dt)c
(A/ms)
(dV/dt)c
(V/µs)
TURN-FF
DELAY
Door LockLamp< 0.310.150.15<10
< 0.810.40.15< 20
Relay Valve
< 0.1> 0.7< 0.05< 5< 10
Dispenser
Micro-motor
Pump Fan< 0.2> 0.2< 0.1< 10< 10
< 0.6> 0.2< 0.3< 10< 20
TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM
L
MAINS
N
AC
D
LOAD
L
R
OUT
S
ON
ACS108
(ms)
-Vcc
COM
G
ST 72 MCU
3/7
Page 4
ACS108-5Sx
INDUCTIVE SWITCH-OFF OPERATION
At the end of the last conduction half-cycle, the load current reaches the holding current level IH, and the
ACS switch turns off. Becauseof the inductance L of the load, the current flows through the avalanche
diode D and decreases linearly to zero. During this time, the voltage across the switch is limited to the
clamping voltage VCL.
The energy storedinthe inductance ofthe load depends ontheholding currentIHand theinductance (up to
10 H);it can reachabout 20 mJ and is dissipated in theclamping sectionthatis especiallydesigned forthat
purpose.
Fig 1: Turn-off operation of the ACS108 switch
Fig 2: ACS108 switch static characteristic.
with an electro valve: waveformof the gate current
IG, pin OUT current I
IOUT
(10 mA/div)
I
H
OUT
V
(200V/div)
& voltage V
OUT
.
OUT
VCL = 650V
Time (400µs/div)
IOUT
IH
VOUT
VCL
AC LINE TRANSIENT VOLTAGE RUGGEDNESS
The ACS108 switch is able to sustain safely the AC line transient voltages either by clamping the low energy spikes or by breaking over under high energy shocks, even with high turn-on current rises.
The testcircuit of the figure 4 isrepresentative of the final ACS application andis alsoused to stressthe
ACS switch according to the IEC1000-4-5 standard conditions. Thanks to the load, the ACS switch
sustains the voltagespikes up to2kV abovethepeak linevoltage. Itwill breakover safelyeven on resistive
load where the turn on current rise is high as shown on figure 4. Such non repetitive test can be done 10
times on each AC line voltage polarity.
Fig 3: Overvoltage ruggedness test circuit for
resistive and inductive loads according to IEC
1000-4-5 standard.
R = 150Ω,L=5µH, VPP= 2kV.
RL
ACLINE &
SURGEVOLTAGE
GENERATOR
4/7
VAC +VPP
OUT
ACSxx
S
ON
D
GCOM
RG= 220Ω
Fig 4: Current and voltage of the ACS during
IEC 1000-4-5 standard test with a 220Ω -10µH
load & VPP= 2kV.
Vout (200 V/div)
Iout (2 A/div)
dI/dt = 100 A/µs
Page 5
ACS108-5Sx
Fig 5: Relative variation of gate trigger current
versus junction temperature
IGT[Tj]/IGT[Tj=25°C]
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0255075100125
Tj(°C)
Fig 7: On state characteristics @Tj max
VTO= 0.90V &RT= 0.3Ω (maximumvalues)
PonVIR x I
=+...
22
TOT RMSTT RMS
IOUT (A)
5
2
1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.50.7511.251.51.752
()()
Π
VTM (V)
2
Fig 6: Relative variation of holding & latching
currents versus junction temperature
IH[Tj]/IH[Tj=25°C] & IL[Tj]/IL[Tj=25°C]
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0255075100125
Tj(°C)
Fig 8: Maximum RMS switch current versus
ambient temperature on inductive load (PF>0.1)
and a low repetitive rate (F < 1 Hz)
(*): with 5cm2copper (e=35µm) surface under tab
IT(RMS) (A)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
TO92
Tamb(°C)
0 102030405060708090100110120
SOT223(*)
Fig 9-1: Relative variation of the junction to
ambient thermal impedance versus conducting
pulse duration forthe SOT223
Standard foot print with 35µm copper layout
thickness.
Zth(j-a)/Rth(j-a)
1.00
0.10
0.01
1E-31E-21E-11E+01E+11E+2 5E+2
tp (s)
Fig 9-2: Relative variation of the junction to
ambient thermal impedance versus conducting
pulse duration forthe TO92.
Zth(j-a)/Rth(j-a)
1.00
0.10
tp (s)
0.01
1E-31E-21E-11E+01E+11E+2 5E+2
5/7
Page 6
ACS108-5Sx
Fig. 10: SOT223 thermal resistance junction to
ambient versus copper surface under tab (Epoxy
printedcircuit board FR4,copper thickness:35µm)
TM: ASD and ACSare trademarksof STMicroelectronics .
Information furnished is believedto beaccurate and reliable.However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility forthe consequences of
use ofsuch informationnor forany infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which mayresultfrom itsuse. Nolicense is granted by
implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to
change without notice.This publicationsupersedes and replaces all information previouslysupplied.
STMicroelectronics productsare not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
1999 STMicroelectronics - Printed in Italy - All rights reserved.
Australia - Brazil - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Italy - Japan - Malaysia
Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland -United Kingdom - U.S.A.
STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES
http://www.st.com
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