The AAT3111 ChargePump™ is a MicroPower
switched-capacitor voltage converter that delivers
a regulated output. No external inductor is required
for operation. Using three small capacitors, the
AAT3111 can deliver up to 150mA to the voltage
regulated output. The AAT3111 features very low
quiescent current and high efficiency over a large
portion of its load range making this device ideal
for battery-powered applications. Furthermore, the
combination of few external components and small
package size keeps the total converter board area
to a minimum in space restricted applications. The
AAT3111 operates in an output-regulated voltage
doubling mode. The regulator uses a pulse-skipping technique to provide a regulated output from a
varying input supply. The AAT3111 contains a thermal management circuit to protect the device
under continuous output short circuit conditions.
The AAT3111 is available in a surface mount 6-pin
SOT23 or 8-pin SC70JW package and is rated
from -40 to 85°C.
ChargePump
Features
•Step-up type voltage converter
•Input Range
•AAT3111-3.6: 1.8V to 3.6V
•AAT3111-3.3: 1.8V to 3.3V
•MicroPower consumption: 20µA
•3.6V, 3.3V Regulated ±4% output
•3.6V Output Current
•100mA with V
•20mA with V
•3.3V Output Current
•100mA with V
•20mA with V
•High Frequency 750 kHz operation
•Shutdown mode draws less than 1µA
•Short-circuit/over-temperature protection
•2kV ESD Rating
•SC70JW-8 or SOT23-6 package
Applications
IN
≥ 2.0V
IN
IN
≥ 1.8V
IN
≥ 3.0V
≥ 2.5V
™
Preliminary Information
The AAT3111 ChargePump™ is a member of
AnalogicTech's Total Power Management IC product family.
Typical Application
AAT3111
V
OUT
ON/OFF
C
OUT
10uF
V
OUT
GND
SHDN
•Handheld Electronics
•Digital Cameras
•PDAs
•Battery Back Up Supplies
•MP3 Players
C+
V
C-
IN
1uF
V
C
IN
10uF
IN
3111.2002.3.0.91 1
Page 2
Pin Descriptions
Pin #
SOT-23-6SC70JW-8
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
SymbolFunction
11V
OUT
Regulated output pin. Bypass this pin to ground with at
least 6.8µF low ESR capacitor
22, 3, 4GNDGround connection
35SHDNShutdown input. Active low signal disables the converter.
46C-Flying capacitor negative terminal
57V
IN
Input supply pin. Bypass this pin to ground with at least
6.8µF low ESR capacitor
68C+Flying capacitor positive terminal
Pin Configuration
SOT23-6SC70JW-8
V
OUT
GND
SHDN
1 2
1
2
3
6
C+
5
V
IN
4
C-
V
OUT
GND
GND
GND
1 2
1
2
3
45
8
C+
7
V
6
CSHDN
IN
2 3111.2002.3.0.91
Page 3
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
Absolute Maximum Ratings (T
=25°C unless otherwise noted)
A
SymbolDescriptionValueUnits
V
IN
V
OUT
V
SHDN
t
SC
T
J
T
LEAD
V
ESD
Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum rating should be applied at any one time.
Note 1: Human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin.
VINto GND-0.3 to 6V
V
to GND-0.3 to 6V
OUT
SHDN to GND-0.3 to 6V
Output to GND Short-Circuit DurationIndefinites
Operating Junction Temperature Range-40 to 150°C
Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)300°C
ESD Rating1— HBM2000V
Thermal Information
SymbolDescriptionRatingUnits
Θ
JA
P
D
Note 2: Mounted on an FR4 board.
Maximum Thermal Resistance (SOT23-6 or SC70JW-8)150°C/W
Maximum Power Dissipation (SOT23-6 or SC70JW-8) 667mW
Electrical Characteristics (T
C
=1µF, CIN=10µF, C
FLY
OUT
=10µF)
= -40 to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA=25°C,
A
AAT3111-3.3
SymbolDescriptionConditionsMinTypMaxUnits
V
IN
I
Q
V
OUT
I
SHDN
V
RIPPLE
ηEfficiency V
f
OSC
V
IH
V
IL
I
IH
I
IL
t
ON
I
SC
Note 3: IQ= I
Input VoltageV
No Load Supply Current
3
Output Voltage
Shutdown Supply Current1.8V < VIN< 3.3V, I
Ripple VoltageVIN= 2.0V, I
=3.3V1.8V
OUT
1.8V < VIN< 3.3V, I
1.8V < V
< 3.3V, I
IN
2.5V < VIN< 3.3V, I
OUT
= 1.8V, I
IN
OUT
=0mA, SHDN = V
OUT
=20mA3.173.303.43V
OUT
=100mA3.173.303.43V
OUT
=0mA, V
OUT
SHDN
IN
=00.011µA
= 50mA20mV
= 25mA91%
OUT
2030µA
FrequencyOscillator Free Running750kHz
SHDN Input Threshold High1.4V
SHDN Input Threshold Low0.3V
SHDN Input Current High SHDN = V
IN
-1 1 µA
SHDN Input Current LowSHDN = GND-11µA
V
Turn-on timeVIN= 1.8V, I
OUT
Short-circuit current
+ I
. V
VIN
VOUT
is pulled up to 3.8V to prevent switching.
OUT
4
VIN= 1.8V, V
= 0mA0.2ms
OUT
= GND, SHDN = 3V300mA
OUT
V
P-P
3111.2002.3.0.913
Page 4
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
Electrical Characteristics (T
C
=1µF, CIN=10µF, C
FLY
OUT
=10µF)
= -40 to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA=25°C,
A
AAT3111-3.6
SymbolDescriptionConditionsMinTypMaxUnits
V
IN
I
Q
V
OUT
I
SHDN
V
RIPPLE
ηEfficiency V
f
OSC
V
IH
V
I
IH
I
IL
t
ON
I
SC
Note 4: Under short-circuit conditions, the device may enter overtemperature protection mode.
The AAT3111 uses a switched capacitor charge
pump to boost an input voltage to a regulated output
voltage. Regulation is achieved by sensing the
charge pump output voltage through an internal
resistor divider network. A switched doubling circuit
is enabled when the divided output drops below a
preset trip point controlled by an internal comparator.
The charge pump switch cycling enables four internal switches at two non-overlapping phases. During
the first phase, switches S1 and S4 are switched on
(short) and switches S2 and S3 are off (open). The
flying capacitor C
mately equal to input voltage VIN. On the second
phase, switches S1 and S4 are turned off (open), S2
and S3 are turned on (short). The low side of the flying capacitor C
first phase. During the second phase, the flying
capacitor C
FLY
connected to V
flying capacitor C
is connected to the output through switch S3. For
each cycle phase, charge from input node VINis
transported from a lower voltage to a higher voltage.
This cycle repeats itself until the output node voltage
is high enough to exceed the preset input threshold
of the control comparator. When the output voltage
exceeds the internal trip point level, the switching
cycle stops and the charge pump circuit is tem-
is charged to a level approxi-
FLY
is connected to GND during the
FLY
is switched so that the low side is
. The voltage at the high side of the
IN
is bootstrapped to 2 × V
FLY
IN
and
porarily placed in an idle state. When idle, the
AAT3111 has a quiescent current of 20µA or less.
The closed loop feed back system containing the
voltage sense circuit and control comparator allows
the AAT3111 to provide a regulated output voltage to
the limits of the input voltage and output load current. The switching signal, which drives the charge
pump is created by an integrated oscillator within the
control circuit block. The free running charge pump
switching frequency is approximately 750kHz. The
switching frequency under a load is a function of VIN,
V
, C
OUT
OUT
and I
OUT
.
For each phase of the switching cycle, the charge
transported from VINto V
can be approximated
OUT
by the following formula:
V
PHASE
» C
FLY
× (2 × V
IN
- V
OUT
)
The relative average current that the charge pump
can supply to the output may be approximated by
the following expression:
I
OUT(AVG)
α C
FLY
× (2 × V
IN
- V
OUT
) × F
SW
The AAT3111 has complete output short circuit and
thermal protection to safeguard the device under
extreme operating conditions. An internal thermal
protection circuit senses die temperature and will
shut down the device if the internal junction temperature exceeds approximately 145°C. The charge
pump will remain disabled until the fault condition is
relieved.
3111.2002.3.0.91 9
Page 10
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
Applications Information
External Capacitor Selection
Careful selection of the three external capacitors
CIN, C
will affect turn on time, output ripple and transient
performance. Optimum performance will be
obtained when low ESR (<100mΩ) ceramic capacitors are used for CINand C
al, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mΩ. If
desired for a particular application, low ESR
Tantalum capacitors may be substituted; however
optimum output ripple performance may not be realized. Aluminum Electrolytic capacitors are not recommended for use with the AAT3111 due to their
inherent high ESR characteristic.
Typically as a starting point, a capacitor value of
10µF should be used for C
C
FLY
output load conditions. Lower values for CIN, C
and C
cations. Applications drawing a load current of
10mA or less may use a CINand C
value as low as 1µF and a C
and C
10µF or more for heavy output load conditions.
C
FLY
C
FLY
by the same ratio to minimize output ripple. As a
basic rule, the ratio between CIN, C
should be approximately 10 to 1. The compromise
for lowering the value of CIN, C
capacitor C
increased. In any case, if the external capacitor
values deviate greatly from the recommendation of
CIN= C
output performance should be evaluated to assure
the device meets application requirements.
In applications where the input voltage source has
very low impedance, it is possible to omit the C
capacitor. However, if CINis not used, circuit performance should be evaluated to assure desired
operation is achieved. Under high peak current
operating conditions that are typically experienced
during circuit start up or when load demands create
a large inrush current, poor output voltage regulation can result if the input supply source impedance
OUT
and C
is very important because they
FLY
OUT
IN
and C
and C
. In gener-
FLY
with 1µF for
OUT
when the AAT3111 is used under maximum
may be utilized for light load current appli-
FLY
OUT
value of 0.1µF. C
may range from 1µF for light loads to
OUT
FLY
OUT
capacitor
may range from 0.01µF to 2.2µF or more. If
is increased, C
is the output ripple voltage may be
FLY
= 10µF and C
OUT
should also be increased
OUT
OUT
and the flying
OUT
= 1µF, the AAT3111
FLY
and C
FLY
is high, or if the value of C
is too low. This situa-
IN
tion can be remedied by increasing the value of CIN.
Capacitor Characteristics
Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use
with the AAT3111. Ceramic capacitors offer many
advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically
has very low ESR, is lower cost, has a smaller PCB
footprint and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic
capacitors help maximize charge pump transient
response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection
damage.
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR): ESR is a
very important characteristic to consider when
selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal
to a capacitor, which is caused by the leads, internal connections, size or area, material composition
and ambient temperature. Typically capacitor ESR
is measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors
and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
IN
IN
Ceramic Capacitor Materials: Ceramic capacitors
less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or
COG materials. NPO and COG materials typically
have tight tolerance and are very stable over temperature. Large capacitor values are typically composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors, typically greater
than 2.2µF are often available in low cost Y5V and
Z5U dielectrics. If these types of capacitors are
selected for use with the charge pump, the nominal
value should be doubled to compensate for the
capacitor tolerance which can vary more than ±50%
over the operating temperature range of the device.
A 10µF Y5V capacitor could be reduced to less than
5µF over temperature, this could cause problems
for circuit operation. X7R and X5R dielectrics are
much more desirable. The temperature tolerance
of X7R dielectric is better than ±15%.
Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR.
Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower
ESR when compared to an equivalent material
smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve
circuit transient response when compared to an
equal value capacitor in a smaller package size.
10 3111.2002.3.0.91
Page 11
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
Applications Information
Charge Pump Efficiency
The AAT3111 is a regulated output voltage doubling charge pump. The efficiency (η) can simply
be defined as a linear voltage regulator with an
effective output voltage that is equal to two times
the input voltage. Efficiency (η) for an ideal voltage
doubler can typically be expressed as the output
power divided by the input power.
η = P
In addition, with an ideal voltage doubling charge
pump the output current may be expressed as half
the input current. The expression to define the
ideal efficiency (h) can be rewritten as:
η = P
V
OUT
η(%) = 100(V
OUT
/ 2V
IN
/ P
IN
OUT
= (V
/ 2VIN)
OUT
For a charge pump with an output of 3.3 volts and
a nominal input of 1.8 volts, the theoretical efficiency is 91.6%. Due to internal switching losses and
IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at 91%. These figures are
in close agreement for output load conditions from
1mA to 100mA. Efficiency will decrease as load
current drops below 0.05mA or when the level of
VINapproaches V
OUT
acteristics section for measured plots of efficiency
versus input voltage and output load current for the
given charge pump output voltage options.
Short Circuit and Thermal Protection
In the event of a short circuit condition, the charge
pump can draw a much as 100mA to 400mA of current from VIN. This excessive current consumption
due to an output short circuit condition will cause a
rise in the internal IC junction temperature. The
AAT3111 has a thermal protection and shutdown
circuit that continuously monitors the IC junction
temperature. If the thermal protection circuit senses the die temperature exceeding approximately
145°C, the thermal shutdown will disable the
charge pump switching cycle operation. The thermal limit system has 10°C of system hysteresis
before the charge pump can reset. Once the over
current event is removed from the output and the
junction temperature drops below 135°C, the
/ P
OUT
× I
OUT
IN
) / (V
IN
× 2I
OUT
) =
. Refer to the Typical Char-
charge pump will then become active again. The
thermal protection system will cycle on and off if an
output short circuit condition persists. This will
allow the AAT3111 to operate indefinitely in a short
circuit condition without damage to the device.
Output Ripple and Ripple Reduction
There are several factors that determine the amplitude and frequency of the charge pump output ripple, the values of C
I
and the level of VIN. Ripple observed at V
OUT
typically a sawtooth waveform in shape. The ripple
frequency will vary depending on the load current
I
and the level of VIN. As VINincreases the abili-
OUT
ty of the charge pump to transfer charge from the
input to the output becomes greater, as it does, the
peak-to-peak output ripple voltage will also increase.
The size and type of capacitors used for CIN, C
and C
have an effect on output ripple. Since
FLY
output ripple is associated with the R/C charge time
constant of these two capacitors, the capacitor
value and ESR will contribute to the resulting
charge pump output ripple. This is why low ESR
capacitors are recommended for use in charge
pump applications. Typically, output ripple is not
greater than 35mV
3.3V, C
= 10µF and C
OUT
When the AAT3111 is used in light output load
applications where I
tor C
value can be reduced. The reason for this
FLY
effect is when the charge pump is under very light
load conditions, the transfer of charge across C
is greater during each phase of the switching cycle.
The result is higher ripple seen at the charge pump
output. This effect will be reduced by decreasing
the value of C
FLY
when decreasing the flying capacitor. If the output
load current rises above the nominal level for the
reduced C
value, charge pump efficiency can be
FLY
compromised.
There are several methods that can be employed to
reduce output ripple depending upon the requirements of a given application. The most simple and
straightforward technique is to increase the value of
the C
capacitor. The nominal 10µF C
OUT
itor can be increased to 22µF or more. Larger values for the C
capacitor (22µF and greater) will by
OUT
nature have lower ESR and can improve both high
and C
OUT
when VIN= 2.0V, V
P-P
FLY
< 10mA, the flying capaci-
OUT
, the load current
FLY
= 1µF.
OUT
OUT
OUT
FLY
. Caution should be observed
capac-
OUT
is
=
3111.2002.3.0.91 11
Page 12
Applications Information
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
and low frequency components of the charge pump
output ripple response. If a higher value tantalum
capacitor is used for C
to reduce low frequency
OUT
ripple elements, a small 1µF low ESR ceramic
capacitor should be added in parallel to the tantalum
capacitor (see Figure 1). The reason for this is tantalum capacitors typically have higher ESR than
equivalent value ceramic capacitors and are less
able to reduce high frequency components of the
output ripple. The only disadvantage to using large
values for the C
capacitor is the AAT3111 device
OUT
turn-on time and in-rush current may be increased.
If additional ripple reduction is desired, an R/C filter
can be added to the charge pump output in addition to the C
capacitor (see Figure 2). An R/C
OUT
filter will reduce output ripple by primarily attenuating high frequency components of the output ripple
waveform. The low frequency break point for the
R/C filter will significantly depend on the capacitor
value selected.
V
OUT
(3.3V)
C
1µF
OUT2
C
OUT1
22µF
ON/OFF
+
OUT
AAT3111
GND
SHDN
Layout Considerations
High charge pump switching frequencies and large
peak transient currents mandate careful printed circuit board layout. As a general rule for charge
pump boost converters, all external capacitors
should be located as close as possible to the
device package with minimum length trace connections. Maximize the ground plane around the
AAT3111 charge pump and make sure all external
capacitors are connected to the immediate ground
plane. A local component side ground plane is recommended. If this is not possible due the layout
design limitations, assure good ground connections by the use of large or multiple pcb via's.
Refer to the following AAT3111 evaluation board for
an example of good charge pump layout design
(Figures 3 through 5).
C+V
VIN
C-
C
FLY
1µF
+
10µF
V
(1.8V to 3.3V)
C
IN
IN
Figure 1: Application using tantalum capacitor
R
FILTER
V
OUT
(3.3V)
C
FILTER
33µF
1.5 ohms
C
OUT
10µF
ON/OFF
OUT
AAT3111
GND
SHDN
C+V
VIN
C-
C
FLY
1µF
C
IN
10µF
V
IN
(1.8V to 3.3V)
Figure 2: Application with output ripple reduction filter
12 3111.2002.3.0.91
Page 13
AAT3111
MicroPower™ Regulated Charge Pump
Figure 3: Evaluation board Figure 4: Evaluation board Figure 5: Evaluation board
top side silk screen layout / component side layoutsolder side layout
assembly drawing