Logic Supply Voltage, V
Logic Input Voltage Range,
V
. . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V
IN
Sense Voltage, V
Reference Output Current,
I
REF(OUT)
Package Power Dissipation,
P
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Graph
D
Operating Temperature Range,
T
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20˚C to +85˚C
A
Junction Temperature, T
Storage Temperature Range,
T
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55˚C to +150˚C
S
* Output current rating may be limited by duty cycle,
ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set
of conditions, do not exceed the specified current rating
or a junction temperature of 150˚C.
† Fault conditions that produce excessive junction
temperature will activate the device’s thermal shutdown
circuitry. These conditions can be tolerated but should
be avoided.
(10 µs) . . . . . . ±1.0 A*
OUT
CC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 V
S
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 mA
J
20
OUT
2B
2
19
SENSE
2
18
OUT
2A
LOGIC
17
V
CC
SUPPLY
16
GROUND
15
GROUND
V
14
REF(OUT)
13
RC
12
11
2
PHASE
ENABLE
Dwg. PP-047-1
2
2
PWM 2
θ
2
±800 mA*
. . . . . . . . . 7.0 V
. . . . . . . +150˚C†
Designed for pulse-width modulated (PWM) current control of
bipolar stepper motors, the A3964SB and A3964SLB are capable of
continuous output currents to ±800 mA and operating voltages to 30 V.
Internal fixed off-time PWM current-control circuitry can be used to
regulate the maximum load current to a desired value. An internal
precision voltage reference is provided to improve motor peak-current
control accuracy. The peak load current limit is set by the user’s
selection of an external resistor divider and current-sensing resistors.
The fixed off-time pulse duration is set by user-selected external
RC timing networks. The capacitor in the RC timing network also
determines a user-selectable blanking window that prevents false
triggering of the PWM current control circuitry during switching transitions. This eliminates the need for two external RC filter networks on
the current-sensing comparator inputs.
For each bridge the PHASE input controls load current polarity by
selecting the appropriate source and sink driver pair. For each bridge
the ENABLE input, when held high, disables the output drivers. Special power-up sequencing is not required. Internal circuit protection
includes thermal shutdown with hysteresis, transient-suppression
diodes, and crossover-current protection.
The A3964SB is supplied in a 24-pin plastic DIP with copper heat
sink tabs; A3964SLB is supplied in a 20-lead plastic SOIC with copper
heat sink tabs. The power tabs are at ground potential and need no
electrical isolation.
FEATURES
■ ±800 mA Continuous Output Current Rating
■ 30 V Output Voltage Rating
■ Internal PWM Current Control, Saturated Sink Drivers
ENABLE ON to Source ON—3.2—µs
ENABLE OFF to Source OFF—1.2—µs
ENABLE ON to Sink ON—3.2—µs
ENABLE OFF to Sink OFF—0.7—µs
PHASE Change to Sink ON—3.2—µs
PHASE Change to Source ON—3.2—µs
PHASE Change to Sink OFF—0.7—µs
PHASE Change to Source OFF—1.2—µs
—165—°C
—15—°C
CC
CC
V
ENABLE 1
V
ENABLE 1
V
ENABLE 1 = VENABLE 2
= V
= V
ENABLE 2
ENABLE 2
= 0.8 V—6085mA
= 2.4 V—1317mA
= 0.8 V—0.18—mA/°C
4.204.404.65V
4.3754.5254.725V
= 0
NOTES: 1. Typical Data is for design information only.
2. Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device terminal.
Internal PWM Current Control. The A3964SB and
A3964SLB contain a fixed off-time pulse-width modulated
(PWM) current-control circuit that can be used to limit the
load current to a desired value. The peak value of the
current limiting (I
) is set by the selection of an external
TRIP
current-sensing resistor (RS) and reference input voltage
(V
). The internal circuitry compares the voltage
REF(IN)
across the external sense resistor to the voltage on the
reference input terminal (V
) resulting in a
REF(IN)
transconductance function approximated by:
V
I
TRIP
≈
REF(IN)
R
S
The reference input voltage is typically set with a
resistor divider from V
REF(OUT)
. To ensure proper operation
of the voltage reference, the resistor divider should have
an impedance of 3 kΩ to 15 kΩ (RD = RA+RB). Within this
range, a low impedance will minimize the effect of the REF
IN input offset current.
The current-control circuitry limits the load current as
follows: when the load current reaches I
, the compara-
TRIP
tor resets a latch that turns off the selected source driver.
The load inductance causes the current to recirculate
through the sink driver and flyback diode.
For each bridge, the user selects an external resistor
(RT) and capacitor (CT) to determine the time period
(t
= RTCT) during which the source driver remains
OFF
disabled (see “RC Fixed Off-time” below). The range of
recommended values for CT and RT are 1000 pF to 1500
pF and 15 kΩ to 100 kΩ respectively. For optimal load
current regulation, CT is normally set to 1000 pF (see
“Load Current Regulation” below). At the end of the RC
interval, the source driver is enabled allowing the load
current to increase again. The PWM cycle repeats,
maintaining the peak load current at the desired value.
RC Blanking. In addition to determining the fixed off-time
of the PWM control circuit, the CT component sets the
comparator blanking time. This function blanks the output
of the comparator when the outputs are switched by the
internal current-control circuitry (or by the PHASE or
ENABLE inputs). The comparator output is blanked to
prevent false over-current detections due to reverserecovery currents of the clamp diodes, and/or switching
transients related to distributed capacitance in the load.
During internal PWM operation, at the end of the t
OFF
time, the comparator’s output is blanked and CT begins to
be charged from approximately 1.1 volts by an internal
current source of approximately 1 mA. The comparator
output remains blanked until the voltage on CT reaches
approximately 3 volts.
When a transition of the PHASE input occurs, C
T
is discharged to near ground during the crossover delay
time (the crossover delay time is present to prevent
simultaneous conduction of the source and sink drivers).
After the crossover delay, CT is charged by an internal
current source of approximately 1 mA. The comparator
output remains blanked until the voltage on CT reaches
approximately 3 volts.
When the device is disabled, via the ENABLE input,
CT is discharged to near ground. When the device is
re-enabled, CT is charged by an internal current source of
approximately 1 mA. The comparator output remains
blanked until the voltage on CT reaches approximately
3 volts.
The minimum recommended value for CT is
1000 pF. This value ensures that the blanking time is
sufficient to avoid false trips of the comparator under
normal operating conditions. For optimal regulation of the
load current, the above value for CT is recommended and
the value of RT can be sized to determine t
. For more
OFF
information regarding load current regulation, see below.
Load Current Regulation. Because the device operates
in a slow current-decay mode (2-quadrant PWM mode),
there is a limit to the lowest level that the PWM current
control circuitry can regulate load current. The limitation is
due to the minimum PWM duty cycle, which is a function of
the user-selected value of t
pulse t
max that occurs each time the PWM latch is
ON(min)
and the minimum on-time
OFF
reset. If the motor is not rotating, as in the case of a
stepper motor in hold/detent mode, a brush dc motor when
stalled or at startup, the worst case value of current
regulation can be approximated by:
I
AVG
≈
[(V
– V
BB
SAT(SOURCE+SINK)
1.05 (t
) • t
ON(min)
max] – (1.05 (V
ON(min)
max + t
OFF
) • R
SAT(SINK)
LOAD
+ VF) • t
OFF
)
Page 6
3964
DUAL FULL-BRIDGE
PWM MOTOR DRIVER
where t
load, VBB is the motor supply voltage and t
= RTCT, R
OFF
is the series resistance of the
LOAD
ON(min)
max is
specified in the electrical characteristics table. When the
motor is rotating, the back EMF generated will influence
the above relationship. For brush dc motor applications,
the current regulation is improved. For stepper motor
applications when the motor is rotating, the effect is
dependent on the polarity and magnitude of the motor’s
back EMF.
The following procedure can be used to evaluate the
worst case internal PWM load current regulation in the
system:
Set V
to 0 volts. With the load connected and the
REF(IN)
PWM current control operating in slow decay mode, use
an oscilloscope to measure the time the output is low
(sink ON) for the output that is chopping. This is the
typical minimum on time (t
typ) for the device. The
ON(min)
CT then should be increased until the measured value of
t
ON(min)
is equal to t
max as specified in the electri-
ON(min)
cal characteristics table. When the new value of CT has
been set, the value of RT should be decreased so the
value for t
= RTCT (with the artificially increased value
OFF
of CT) is equal to the nominal design value. The worstcase load-current regulation then can be measured in
the system under operating conditions.
PWM of the Phase and Enable Inputs. The PHASE and
ENABLE inputs can be pulse width modulated to regulate
load current. Typical propagation delays from the PHASE
and ENABLE inputs to transitions of the power outputs are
specified in the electrical characteristics table. If the
internal PWM current control is used, the comparator
blanking function is active during phase and enable
transitions. This eliminates false tripping of the overcurrent comparator caused by switching transients
(see “RC Blanking” above).
Enable PWM. Toggling the ENABLE input turns ON and
OFF the selected source and sink drivers. The corresponding pair of flyback and ground clamp diodes conduct
after the drivers are disabled, resulting in fast current
decay. When the device is enabled the internal current
control circuitry will be active and can be used to limit the
load current in a slow current-decay mode.
Phase PWM. Toggling the PHASE terminal selects which
sink/source pair is enabled, producing a load current that
varies with the duty cycle and remains continuous at all
times. This can have added benefits in bidirectional brush
dc servo motor applications as the transfer function
between the duty cycle on the PHASE input and the
average voltage applied to the motor is more linear than in
the case of ENABLE PWM control (which produces a
discontinuous current at low current levels).
Miscellaneous Information. An internally generated
dead time prevents crossover currents that can occur
when switching phase.
Thermal protection circuitry turns OFF all drivers
should the junction temperature reach +165°C (typical).
This is intended only to protect the device from failures
due to excessive junction temperatures and should not
imply that output short circuits are permitted. The hysteresis of the thermal shutdown circuit is approximately 15°C.
APPLICATION NOTES
Current Sensing. The actual peak load current (I
be above the calculated value of I
due to delays in the
TRIP
turn off of the drivers. The amount of overshoot can be
approximated by:
(VBB – [(I
TRIP
• R
LOAD
) + V
BEMF
]) • t
IOS ≈
L
LOAD
where VBB is the motor supply voltage, V
EMF voltage of the load, R
LOAD
and L
LOAD
is the back-
BEMF
are the resistance and inductance of the load respectively, and t
specified in the electrical characteristics table.
To minimize current sensing inaccuracies caused by
ground trace IR drops, each current-sensing resistor
should have a separate return to the ground terminal of the
device. For low-value sense resistors, the IR drops in the
PCB can be significant and should be taken into account.
The use of sockets should be avoided as their contact
resistance can cause variations in the effective value of
RS.
Generally, larger values of RS reduce the aforementioned effects but can result in excessive heating and
power loss in the sense resistor. The selected value of R
should not cause the absolute maximum voltage rating of
1.0 V, for the SENSE terminal, to be exceeded. The
recommended value of RS is in the range of:
If desired, the reference input voltage can be filtered
by placing a capacitor from REFIN to ground. The ground
return for this capacitor as well as RB should be independent from the high-current power-ground trace to avoid
changes in REFIN due to IR drops.
Thermal Considerations. For reliable operation, it is
recommended that the maximum junction temperature be
kept below 110°C to 125°C. The junction temperature can
be measured best by attaching a thermocouple to the
power tab/batwing of the device and measuring the tab
temperature, T
approximated by using the formula:
. The junction temperature can then be
TAB
TJ ≈ T
TAB
+ (2 I
LOAD VF RθJT
)
where VF can be chosen from the electrical specification
table for the given level of I
. The value for R
LOAD
θJT
is
approximately 6°C/W for both package styles.
The power dissipation of the batwing packages can be
improved by 20 to 30% by adding a section of printed
circuit board copper (typically 6 to 18 square centimeters)
connected to the batwing terminals of the device.
The thermal performance in applications that run at
high load currents and/or high duty cycles can be improved by adding external diodes from each output to
ground in parallel with the internal diodes. Fast-recovery
(≤200 ns) diodes should be used to minimize switching
losses.
The load supply terminal, VBB, should be decoupled
with an electrolytic capacitor (≥47 µF is recommended)
placed as close to the device as is physically practical.
To minimize the effect of system ground IR drops on the
logic and reference input signals the system ground should
have a low-resistance return to the load supply voltage.
See also “Current Sensing” and “Thermal Considerations” above.
Fixed Off-Time Selection. With increasing values of t
switching losses will decrease, low-level load current
regulation will improve, EMI will be reduced, the PWM
frequency will decrease, and ripple current will increase.
The value of t
can be chosen for optimization of these
OFF
parameters. For applications where audible noise is a
concern, typical values of t
are chosen to be in the
OFF
range of 15 to 35 µs.
OFF
,
Page 8
3964
DUAL FULL-BRIDGE
PWM MOTOR DRIVER
24
0.280
0.240
NOTE 1
A3964SB
Dimensions in Inches
(controlling dimensions)
13
0.014
0.008
0.300
BSC
0.430
MAX
0.210
MAX
7.11
6.10
0.015
MIN
16
0.070
7
0.045
0.022
0.014
24
1
NOTE 1
67
1.77
1.15
0.100
1.280
BSC
1.230
Dimensions in Millimeters
(for reference only)
2.54
32.51
31.24
BSC
13
12
12
0.005
MIN
0.150
0.115
0.13
MIN
0.355
0.204
Dwg. MA-001-25A in
10.92
MAX
7.62
BSC
5.33
MAX
0.39
MIN
0.558
0.356
NOTES: 1. Webbed lead frame. Leads 6, 7, 18, and 19 are internally one piece.
2. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative.
3. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown.
4. Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below.
Voice-Coil Motor Driver±500 mA6 V8932–A
Voice-Coil Motor Driver±800 mA16 V8958
Voice-Coil (and Spindle) Motor Driver±350 mA7 V8984
*Current is maximum specified test condition, voltage is maximum rating. See specification for sustaining voltage limits
or over-current protection voltage limits. Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the output.
†Complete part number includes additional characters to indicate operating temperature range and package style.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time,
such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit
improvements in the design of its products. Components made under
military approvals will be in accordance with the approval requirements.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use;
nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may
result from its use.