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User Manual
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Datalink Systems i50 User Manual

i50 Manual (5.51)
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i50 Manual (5.51)
(Last updated: Friday, 5 April 2019)
i50 Manual (5.51)
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Contents
1.0 Safety Precautions .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 RF Exposure ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Antenna Gain .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 RF Modules ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Servicing ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 i50 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Specifications .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 Version 1 and 2 PCB ................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Version 3.x PCB (serial numbers starting with 160...) ................................................................. 8
4.0 Connections .................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 Power and I/O Connector .......................................................................................................... 10
4.2 VOUT Power Source ................................................................................................................. 10
4.3 Program Connector ................................................................................................................... 11
4.4 LED Status Indicators ............................................................................................................... 12
4.5 COM Connectors ...................................................................................................................... 13
4.6 Antenna Connectors ................................................................................................................. 15
5.0 Installation..................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 Cellular SIM Card ...................................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Device Orientation ..................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Power Supply ............................................................................................................................ 17
5.4 I/O Connections ........................................................................................................................ 17
5.5 COM Connections ..................................................................................................................... 17
5.6 Antennas ................................................................................................................................... 18
5.7 Initial Set Up .............................................................................................................................. 18
6.0 Operation ...................................................................................................................................... 19
6.1 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 19
6.2 Power Modes ............................................................................................................................ 19
6.3 Motion ....................................................................................................................................... 20
6.4 Engine Running State ............................................................................................................... 21
6.5 Network ..................................................................................................................................... 21
6.6 Data Queue ............................................................................................................................... 21
6.7 Packet Size ............................................................................................................................... 22
6.8 Error Handling ........................................................................................................................... 22
7.0 Configuration ................................................................................................................................ 23
7.1 Connecting a PC to the i50 ....................................................................................................... 23
7.2 Programming ................................................................ ................................ ............................. 24
7.3 Device Info ................................................................................................................................ 39
7.4 Device Ports Window ................................................................................................................ 40
7.5 Test Window ............................................................................................................................. 42
8.0 Port Assignment ........................................................................................................................... 43
8.1 PDT ........................................................................................................................................... 43
8.2 RF ............................................................................................................................................. 43
8.3 Dial-Up ................................................................................................................................ ...... 43
8.4 Transparent ............................................................................................................................... 43
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8.5 GPS .......................................................................................................................................... 44
8.6 OBD-II ....................................................................................................................................... 44
8.7 Alarm Interface ................................................................ .......................................................... 44
8.8 Grace Pager .............................................................................................................................. 44
8.9 Cellular ...................................................................................................................................... 45
8.10 Globalstar ................................................................................................................................ 45
8.11 Iridium ..................................................................................................................................... 45
8.12 Ezurio ...................................................................................................................................... 45
8.13 Garmin .................................................................................................................................... 45
8.14 NMEA Output .......................................................................................................................... 45
8.15 Messages ................................................................................................................................ 46
8.16 Wi-Fi ........................................................................................................................................ 46
8.17 iButton ..................................................................................................................................... 46
8.18 Relm Radio ............................................................................................................................. 46
8.19 RFID ........................................................................................................................................ 46
8.20 Driver Logging ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 46
9.0 Accelerometer ............................................................................................................................... 47
9.1 Calibration ................................................................................................................................. 47
10.0 Dial-Up Interface ................................ ................................ ......................................................... 50
10.1 Dial-Up Configuration .............................................................................................................. 50
10.2 Connection Details .................................................................................................................. 51
11.0 Internal Wi-Fi (version 3.x PCB) ................................................................................................. 52
12.0 Wi-Fi Firmware Update (version 3.x PCB) .................................................................................. 53
13.0 Status/Messaging Protocol ................................................................................................ ......... 54
13.1 Commands sent to i50 ............................................................................................................ 54
13.2 Commands received from i50 ................................................................................................. 57
13.3 File Transfer ............................................................................................................................ 58
13.4 Status/Messaging Examples ................................................................................................... 59
14.0 Garmin Interface ......................................................................................................................... 60
15.0 I/O Configuration ......................................................................................................................... 61
15.1 Digital Inputs ........................................................................................................................... 61
15.2 Analog Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 61
15.3 Digital Outputs/VOUT .............................................................................................................. 62
15.4 Alarm Mode ............................................................................................................................. 64
16.0 Firmware Updates ...................................................................................................................... 65
17.0 Programming Settings from DataGate ........................................................................................ 67
17.1 Integer Values ......................................................................................................................... 67
17.2 String Values ................................................................................................ ........................... 73
18.0 Contact Information .................................................................................................................... 74
19.0 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................... 75
19.1 Cell Modem ............................................................................................................................. 75
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1.0 Safety Precautions
This product may contain one or more radio frequency (RF) transmitters. For safety reasons, the following operating conditions and restrictions must be observed at all times.
1.1 RF Exposure
1.2 Antenna Gain
The i50 must be installed and operated in a
manner consistent with the instructions
provided. Any changes or modifications,
including the use of non-standard antennas,
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
The maximum permitted Wi-Fi antenna gain is
limited to 2.2 dBi
The maximum permitted Iridium antenna gain
is limited to 3 dBi
The maximum permitted cellular antenna gain
is limited to 2 dBi
WARNING
A separation distance of 20 cm
(8″) or more must be maintained between any
i50 antenna and all persons
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1.3 RF Modules
The i50 can be supplied with one or more internal RF modules, as follows:
1.3.1 Version 1 and 2 PCB
Cellular modem: FCC ID: MIVGSM0308 Iridium modem: FCC ID: Q639601 Wi-Fi module: FCC ID: PI405W
1.3.2 Version 3.x PCB
Cellular modem: FCC ID: PKRNVWCNN0403 / IC: 3229A-CNN0403 (ver 3.1 PCB)
FCC ID: XPYLISAU200 / IC: 8595A-LISAU200N (ver 3.2 PCB)
Iridium modem: FCC ID: Q639602 / IC: 4629A-9602 Wi-Fi module: FCC ID: T9J-RN171 / IC: 6514A-RN171
1.4 Servicing
The internal i50 modems must only be serviced by qualified technicians.
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2.0 i50 Overview
The i50 is Datalink’s intelligent asset tracking unit. It is designed for automatic vehicle location (AVL)
and two-way data transfer over multiple wireless communications networks via the Datalink DataGate server software. It includes an internal GPS receiver and optional internal modems for a complete solution in one box. Two main i50 versions are produced: the i50B for general commercial use; and the i50C, which includes support for AES-256 encryption. This manual covers all printed circuit board (PCB) revisions. Version 3.x PCBs have serial numbers starting with 160...
Standard features:
Flash memory based microprocessor with upgradeable firmware 50-channel GPS receiver Three external RS-232 serial ports (only two available when using internal Wi-Fi) Sleep mode with adjustable timeout and periodic wakeup timer Wide input voltage range with load-dump protection Battery voltage monitoring Four digital inputs plus Ignition input Four digital outputs Two analog inputs Switched power output for driving external devices Internal flash memory for permanent storage of unit settings Internal data buffer with backup battery to eliminate data loss Internal 3D accelerometer to monitor driving style and detect movement while in sleep mode Panic alert mode SCADA ready Remote programmable Real-time clock (RTC) to timestamp events as they occur
Optional features:
Internal satellite and cellular modems with dual-mode capability Internal Wi-Fi modem External J1708 engine interface
The i50’s three external serial ports allow it to interface with external devices, including:
Cellular modem Satellite modem (Iridium/Inmarsat D+/Globalstar/MSat) Sentry 2-way pager system RF modem (point-to-point and trunked, including Kenwood PC Protocol support) Magnetic card reader Laptop Third-party devices J-1708 engine interface
Other devices and networks can be made available with custom development.
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3.0 Specifications
3.1 General
Size: 168 mm x 128 mm x 39 mm (L x W x H) (excluding connectors) Microprocessor: 30 MHz, 128 KB battery-backed RAM Internal Battery: CR2032 lithium cell (user replaceable)
Three-year shelf life (no external power applied) Ten-year life while external power is applied
Temperature Range: -20C to 50C (operating)
-30C to 60C (storage) External Serial Ports: RS-232 ESD protected Input voltage range: +/- 25 V
Output voltage range: +/- 5 V (with 3 kΩ load) COM1: full handshaking (port unavailable when using internal Wi-Fi) COM2: full handshaking COM3: three-wire (TX/RX/GND) VOUT Output: 1.3 A continuous (internal resettable fuse) Short circuit protection (5 A typical) Output voltage = Supply voltage – 0.6 V (at 1 A)
Digital Inputs: Maximum continuous voltage range: -2 to 32 V Digital low level: < 1.3 V
Digital high level: > 6.5 V 10 k pull-up resistance (excluding IGN input)
Digital Outputs: Low-side switches (no pull-ups) Load voltage up to 60 V Analog Inputs: Maximum continuous voltage range: +/- 50 V Measurement range: 0 to 36 V (12-bit resolution)
100 Kohm input resistance, 100 pA leakage current
GPS: U-blox LEA 50-channel receiver Signal tracking down to –160 dBm
Active antenna connector (3.3 V output. 30 mA max)
Accelerometer: +/- 2 g in X, Y and Z directions Temperature Sensor: Internal temperature sensor (-40C to 125C) Antenna Connectors: Up to 4 SMA female connectors (standard polarity)
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3.2 Version 1 and 2 PCB
Supply Voltage: 7 to 30 VDC continuous operation1
Vehicle load-dump protection (internal resettable fuse)2 Reverse polarity protection to -60 VDC Power Usage: Normal operation (modems off): 1 W
3
Cellular: 300 mW (2.6 W during TX)4 Satellite: 410 mW (2.2 W during TX)4 Wi-Fi: 1.6 W Sleep mode: 60 mW
5
Digital Outputs: 170 mA continuous per output (internal resettable fuse) Short circuit protection (1.9 A max)
Internal Sat Modem: Optional Iridium 9601 Internal Cell Modem: Optional Enfora Enabler III GPRS/EDGE quad-band with internal
mini-SIM (2FF) Internal Wi-Fi: Optional Ezurio WISM
3.3 Version 3.x PCB (serial numbers starting with 160...)
Supply Voltage: 6 to 30 VDC continuous operation1
Transient protection6 Reverse polarity protection to -30 VDC Power Usage: Normal operation (modems off): 1 W
3
Cellular: 300 mW (3.4 W during TX)4 Satellite: 280 mW (1.2 W during TX)4 Wi-Fi: 250 mW (1.2 W during TX) Sleep mode: 60 mW
5
Digital Outputs: 700 mA continuous per output Short circuit protection (1.7 A typical)
Internal Sat Modem: Optional Iridium 9602 Internal Cell Modem: Optional Enfora HS 3002 GPRS/EDGE/UMTS dual-band (850/1900)
with internal micro-SIM (3FF) 7 Optional Ublox LISA U200 GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSPA six-band
(800/850/900/1700/1900/2100) with accessible mini-SIM (2FF) 7 Internal Wi-Fi: Optional Microchip RN-171
1
7 - 21 VDC on units with serial numbers from 15020000 to 15029999. Make sure all devices connected to the i50’s
VOUT lines (especially via serial ports) can handle the supply voltage.
2
Internal fuses are slow acting. Some over-voltage conditions may cause permanent damage.
3
Includes power for typical active GPS antenna.
4
Average TX power shown. Instantaneous peak cellular or satellite modem power usage can reach 12 W.
5
Power usage will increase when external I/O, VOUT, or serial lines are connected.
6
Protection against 2J pulse. Larger pulses or extended over-voltage conditions may cause permanent damage.
7
Ublox modem used in version 3.2 boards. These units can be distinguished by the externally accessible SIM card.
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4.0 Connections
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the front and back panels of the i50. Each external feature is described below.
Figure 1 – Front Panel
Figure 2 – Back Panel
Pwr & I/O: Main power and input/output (I/O) connector (see section 4.1) Program: RJ-45 connector for updating unit firmware (see section 4.3) NET LED: Network status indicator (see section 4.4 for LED information) GPS LED: GPS status indicator Wi-Fi: Female SMA connector for Wi-Fi antenna (optional) Iridium: Female SMA connector for Iridium antenna (optional) GPRS/Cell: Female SMA connector for cellular antenna (optional) COM1: Female RS-232 port (full handshaking) COM2: Male RS-232 port (full handshaking) COM3: Male RS-232 port (three-wire) GPS: Female SMA connector for GPS antenna. This connector provides a 3.3
VDC output for an active antenna. The i50 will turn off this voltage if it detects a shorted antenna cable, and periodically retry applying power until the fault is corrected.
SIM card slot: Version 3.2 boards have an externally accessible SIM card holder.
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4.1 Power and I/O Connector
Table 1 shows the pin assignment of the 14-pin power and input/output connector, shown looking into the connector on the front panel.
PWR
IGN
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
ADC1
GND
VOUT
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
ADC2
Table 1 – Power & I/O Connector
PWR: Positive supply. Note: continuous voltage on this pin MUST NOT exceed the
rated maximum. IGN: Vehicle Ignition (active high) IN1: Digital Input 1 IN2: Digital Input 2 IN3: Digital Input 3 IN4: Digital Input 4 ADC1: Analog Input 1 GND: Negative supply (ground) VOUT: Switched power supply output. See section 4.2 for more information. OUT1: Digital Output 1 OUT2: Digital Output 2 OUT3: Digital Output 3 OUT4: Digital Output 4 ADC2: Analog Input 1
See section 3.0 for detailed specifications on these pins.
4.2 VOUT Power Source
The VOUT line provides a switched power output, allowing the i50 to turn an external device on or off. By default, VOUT is active (power turned on) when the i50 is awake, and disabled during sleep mode. Note: in this default state, VOUT is not activated during a periodic wakeup event, when the unit is only awake for a short time (see section 6.2). VOUT can also be configured to behave like one of the digital output lines (see section 15.3).
VOUT is supplied from the input power source. Output voltage will follow the supply voltage, with a drop for an inline protection diode and switch. At low currents this drop will be approximately 0.2 V, increasing to 0.8 V at 1.3 A.
This output is available on the power and Program connectors, as well as COM3 pin 9 (factory option) and all external COM ports (version 3.x PCB).
Note: the maximum continuous VOUT current is 1.3 A, which is shared between all VOUT lines.
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4.3 Program Connector
The i50 Program connector is used to update the unit’s firmware and adjust settings. It may also be
used to access the i50 COM1 port (see section 4.5.5). Firmware can be updated by connecting a PC to the Program port and running the firmware update utility.
Table 2 shows the pin assignment of the Program connector, including the connections required to attach a female DB-9 connector. Pin 1 is located on the right side looking into the connector on the front panel. All pins (except VOUT and GND) use RS-232 voltage levels.
RJ-45 Pin
Pin Name
Direction (relative to i50)
DB-9 Pin (female)
1
VOUT
Output
-
2
MODE
Input
7 (RTS)
3
RX
Input
3 (TX)
4
STATUS
Output
6 (DSR)
5
TX
Output
2 (RX)
6
RESET
Input
4 (DTR)
7
Not used
-
-
8
GND
-
5 (GND)
Table 2 – Program Connector
VOUT: Switched power output. See section 4.2 for more information MODE: Used to enter firmware programming mode. Turn off (low) for normal use RX: Data input STATUS: Indicates CPU mode TX: Data output RESET: Used to reset CPU. Must be turned off (low) for normal operation GND: Ground
Note: this pin layout has been chosen so that a Datalink Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) can be plugged in using a standard RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN cable. The MDT provides an LCD screen and keypad for applications where an advanced user interface is required.
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4.4 LED Status Indicators
The i50 has two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) attached to the Program connector on the front panel. These lights flash to indicate what mode the unit is in. The following states can be shown:
Power Up: NET and GPS LEDs turn green briefly when power is applied No Settings: NET and GPS LEDs switch between red and green every second Programming: NET and GPS LEDs switch between red and green rapidly Error: NET and GPS LEDs alternate red rapidly (see section 6.8) Sleeping: NET LED flashes orange (red plus green) every two seconds GPS LED off
When the unit is in normal operating mode, the LEDs are used to show network and GPS status, as follows:
NET LED: Red flashes: no network signal Green flashes: network and server OK Red and green flashes: network OK, but can’t access server
One flash per second: no data in buffer
Two flashes per second: data waiting to be sent Three flashes per second: alarm active (ACK received) Four flashes per second: alarm active (waiting for ACK)
GPS LED: Red flashes: no GPS signal - check antenna position Green flashes: GPS signal OK
LED off: Periodic wakeup mode with GPS turned off One flash per second: GPS antenna OK Four flashes per second: GPS antenna short circuit
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4.5 COM Connectors
The i50 has three external DB-9 serial connections: COM1, COM2 and COM3. These all use RS-232 voltage levels, with ESD protection.
4.5.1 Automatic Shutdown (version 1 and 2 PCB)
The COM2 and COM3 ports will not automatically wake up until a valid external RS-232 signal is present. Once awake, the ports will shut down immediately when all RS-232 signals have been removed. Note: because COM3 shares some lines with the internal Iridium modem, it will always stay awake while the Iridium modem is enabled (requires internal Iridium modem to be installed).
Important note for Garmin users: newer NUVI devices also keep their serial ports turned off until valid signals are detected. Because of this, they will not work correctly with the i50’s COM2 port. The COM3 port will only work with these devices if an internal Iridium modem is present and enabled. The same applies to any external devices that power down their ports when no signal is detected, such as many RS-485 converters. In this case, use COM1.
4.5.2 Automatic Shutdown (version 3.x PCB)
The i50 version 3.x PCB automatically enables its COM ports while it is awake, and disables them when sleeping.
4.5.3 COM1
COM1 has a female connector, through which the i50 acts as a DCE (data communication equipment). This is intended for connection to a PC or other terminal, but can be used for any purpose. See Table 3 for pin descriptions.
DB-9 Pin (female)
Pin Name
Direction (relative to i50)
1
DCD
Output
2
RX
Output
3
TX
Input
4
DTR
Input
5
GND
-
6
DSR
Output (always high) / VOUT*
7
RTS
Input
8
CTS
Output
9
RI
Output
Table 3 – COM1 Connector
COM1 is turned on and off by the i50, based on the Port A route setting. The port is enabled when Port A is routed to COM1, and disabled when Port A is routed to the program connector or internal Wi-Fi.
* On version 3.x PCBs, the COM1 DSR line is connected internally to the VOUT output, allowing the i50 to power an external device. Note that the voltage on this line will match the i50’s input voltage, which might exceed normal RS-232 levels.
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4.5.4 COM2/COM3
COM2 and COM3 use male connectors, through which the i50 acts as DTE (data terminal equipment). These ports are intended to connect to external modems, but may also be used for other purposes.
COM2 provides most handshaking and control pins, allowing full control of external devices and hardware flow control to prevent data loss. Table 4 shows the COM2 pin descriptions.
DB-9 Pin (male)
Pin Name
Direction (relative to i50)
1
DCD
Input
2
RX
Input
3
TX
Output
4
DTR
Output / VOUT*
5
GND
-
6
Not used
-
7
RTS
Output
8
CTS
Input
9
RI
Input
Table 4 – COM2 Connector
COM3 uses a three-wire interface, so is unable to support hardware handshaking. Table 5 shows the COM3 pin descriptions.
DB-9 Pin (male)
Pin Name
Direction (relative to i50)
1
Not used
- 2 RX
Input
3
TX
Output
4
DTR
Output (always high) / VOUT*
5
GND
-
6
Not used
-
7
RTS
Output (always high)
8
Not used
- 9 VOUT*
Factory option
Table 5 – COM3 Connector
Note: the COM3 RTS pin is always active (high) when COM3 is awake. This allows attached devices to communicate if they are expecting this signal to be present.
COM3 pin 9 can be modified at the factory to provide a VOUT source. Version 3.2 boards have this option installed by default.
* On version 3.x PCBs, the COM2 and COM3 DTR lines are connected internally to the VOUT output, allowing the i50 to power externally connected devices.
Note that the voltage on the VOUT pins will match the i50’s input voltage, which might exceed normal RS-232 levels.
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4.5.5 Using Program connector to access COM1
The Program RJ-45 connector can be configured to access the COM1 signals, in which case the COM1 DB-9 connector is disabled. This allows easy connection of an external terminal, especially one requiring a switched power source (which is provided on the Program connector).
Note: external devices connected to the Program connector MUST NOT activate the RESET line (DTR on), or else the i50 CPU will reset and stop working until the line is deactivated.
4.6 Antenna Connectors
The front panel provides Wi-Fi, Iridium and cellular antenna connectors (SMA). Each connector will only be present if the matching modem is installed internally.
The back panel includes the GPS antenna connector (SMA). This connector provides a 3.3 VDC output for an active antenna. The i50 will turn off this voltage if it detects a shorted antenna cable, and periodically retry applying power until the fault is corrected.
Note: antennas should always be attached before applying power to the i50 to prevent damage to internal modems and also to allow the GPS receiver to perform automatic noise profiling.
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5.0 Installation
The i50 is designed to be installed inside a vehicle or other asset. It operates over a wide temperature range (-20C to 50C), but should not be placed in an engine compartment or anywhere
temperatures can exceed the operating values. An external case is recommended if operating the unit in wet or dusty environments. See section 3.0 for detailed specifications.
5.1 Cellular SIM Card
The i50 can be supplied with an optional internal GPRS/EDGE (with UMTS/HSPA option) cellular modem. This modem requires a SIM card in order to connect to a network.
5.1.1 Version 1, 2 and 3.1 boards
In certain cases the SIM card can be preinstalled at the factory. Otherwise, the SIM card must be inserted by opening the i50 case as follows:
Remove the two top screws from the back-plate Remove all four screws from the front-plate Gently pull the front-plate and black bezel about an inch from the case, being careful not to
stress the attached antenna cables.
Slide the top-plate towards the front-plate, and remove completely. Locate the internal cellular modem near the front of the board, with SIM holder on top. For version 1 and 2 PCB:
- Insert SIM into holder, with contacts down and notch near front of board.
For version 3.1 PCB:
- Slide the SIM holder bracket towards the back of the board, and lift front edge.
- Insert SIM into holder, with contacts facing down and notch forwards. Lower bracket
and slide forwards to lock in place.
Replace top-plate by sliding into place. Replace black bezel and front-plate, and then insert and tighten all screws.
5.1.2 Version 3.2 boards
This version of the i50 has an externally accessible SIM card with locking mechanism. Slide the lock to the left to lock the SIM in place, or to the right to insert or remove the SIM.
Note: when inserting a SIM card, aim it towards the bottom of the slot. A card inserted towards the top of the slot may miss the connector and require opening the case to retrieve.
Insert the SIM notch-end first with its contacts facing down. The holder is spring loaded, and the SIM must be inserted fully to remain in place (it will click when inserted fully).
To remove, push the SIM in to activate the spring release, which ejects the card a short distance. It may be necessary to use a small tool (or fingernail) to push the SIM fully into the slot when inserting or removing.
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5.2 Device Orientation
The i50 may be installed in any orientation. However, if the optional internal accelerometer is being used to detect high g-forces, the mounting angles must first be set. See section 9.0 for details on configuring the accelerometer.
5.3 Power Supply
Connect the i50 ground line to vehicle ground (or negative battery terminal). Then connect the power line to a continuous voltage source (or positive battery terminal). Make sure to select a voltage source that remains active while the vehicle starter motor is engaged.
Connect the VOUT line to any device you want to power up while the i50 is awake. This is commonly used to power an external data terminal such as the Datalink Mobile Data Terminal (MDT). The VOUT line can also be programmed for other purposes (see section 15.3).
5.4 I/O Connections
The i50 will operate successfully with only power and ground connections. In this configuration it can be set to use battery voltage to detect engine running, and use its accelerometer to detect motion to wake up from sleep.
However, it is recommended to connect the IGN input to a vehicle ignition source (high voltage only when ignition is turned on). The i50 can then be configured to wake up and go to sleep as IGN is turned on or off.
If accurate engine hour calculations are required, the default method of using the IGN input to detect engine running may not be reliable enough. In this case, one i50 input can be configured as an “Engine On” input, and connected to a vehicle circuit that is active only while engine is on (oil pressure, fuel pump, etc).
See section 15.0 for more information about Input configuration. You can also use the i50 digital outputs to control external circuits. These outputs can be controlled
remotely, and maintain their state while the i50 is sleeping.
5.5 COM Connections
Use the three serial ports (COM1, COM2, and COM3) to connect external RS-232 devices to the i50. These ports are commonly used to connect modems or external data sources.
It is recommended to use an external 5 amp
fuse on the power line. This will prevent
wiring damage in the event of a sustained
overvoltage event.
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5.6 Antennas
Before turning the i50 on for the first time, ensure all antennas have been attached. Note: antennas are not normally supplied with the unit. Operating without antennas may cause high voltages on the modem power amplifiers, possibly damaging the internal modules.
See section 1.2 for important information about antenna selection.
Note: to allow automatic noise profiling, the GPS antenna should be attached BEFORE turning the unit on.
5.7 Initial Set Up
Important: install and run the iSeries Programmer software to program the unit settings (see section 7.0).
Use the Programmer to configure:
- How the I/O lines and serial ports have been connected
- Reporting intervals
- Which events will be generated by the i50
- Network and hardware parameters
- Accelerometer angles (also see section 9.0)
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6.0 Operation
6.1 LEDs
The i50’s LEDs will turn on briefly when power is first applied, and then start flashing. See section 4.4 for details on what the flashes mean. If no LED activity is seen, check that power is being applied to the correct pins, and that voltage and polarity are correct.
6.2 Power Modes
The i50 has three power modes: asleep (sleep mode), awake, and periodic wakeup. During sleep mode, the i50 turns off its GPS receiver, internal modems and COM ports, and the
microprocessor enters a low power mode. The VOUT power source is also turned off to shut down any externally connected devices. This allows the i50 to remain connected to a vehicle power supply over an extended period without draining the battery. While asleep, the i50 continues to monitor its digital input pins and records any changes in its data buffer for later transmission. Note: there is no way to contact the i50 remotely while it is asleep, as all modems are powered down.
In awake mode the i50 turns on its internal devices, activates VOUT, and begins normal operation. Periodic wakeup mode occurs when the unit wakes briefly to send its position then goes back to
sleep. All internal devices are turned on, but the VOUT power source is not activated in this mode.
6.2.1 Power Up
Upon power up, the microprocessor determines its power mode using these parameters:
1) If an input alarm is active (see section 15.4), select awake mode.
2) If the “Sleep Timeout” setting is set to zero, select awake mode.
3) If any input is configured as “Priority” and is active, select awake mode.
4) If the “Wake on motion” bit is set and motion is detected, select awake mode.
5) If the “Sleep Pin” digital input is inactive, select awake mode.
6) If the “Wake at boot” bit is set, select periodic wakeup mode. The i50 will wake up, attempt to send its position, then enter sleep mode.
7) Otherwise enter sleep mode immediately. Note: a power up report will be buffered and sent at a later time.
6.2.2 Entering Sleep Mode
During awake mode, the microprocessor uses these parameters to determine when to sleep:
1) If an input alarm is active, stay awake.
2) If the “Sleep Timeout” setting is set to zero, stay awake.
3) If any input is configured as “Priority” and is active, stay awake.
4) If the “Wake on motion” bit is set and motion is detected, stay awake.
5) If the “Sleep Pin” digital input is active, start a timer. If the timer reaches the “Sleep Timeout” period, enter sleep mode.
6) Otherwise reset the timer and stay awake.
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When entering sleep mode, the i50 will queue a sleep event, then wait until it is sent. The “Max Send
Wait Time” setting limits the maximum time the unit will wait in case there is no network coverage.
6.2.3 Returning to Awake Mode
While sleeping, the microprocessor uses these parameters to determine when it should wake up:
1) If an alarm input is toggled, enter awake mode.
2) If any input is configured as “Priority” and is active, enter awake mode.
3) If the “Wake on motion” bit is set and motion is detected, enter awake mode.
4) If the “Sleep Pin” digital input is inactive, enter awake mode.
5) If the “Periodic Wakeup” timer expires, enter periodic wakeup mode.
6) Otherwise stay asleep.
6.2.4 Periodic Wakeup
An optional timer can be configured using the “Periodic Wakeup” setting, which forces the unit to
send its position periodically during periods of sleep. During this wakeup period the unit will attempt to obtain a GPS location and then send this to the server, before going straight back to sleep. The
“Max GPS/Send Wait Time” settings limit the maximum time the unit is awake, in case there is no
GPS or network coverage.
6.3 Motion
Asset motion is detected using the following techniques (in order of precedence):
1) If an accelerometer is installed, and the Use Accelerometer to Detect Motion option is enabled, the i50 detects motion based on vibration measurements from the sensor. When instantaneous vibrations exceed the programmable motion threshold, the i50 is moving. When the one-second average vibrations are lower than the threshold, the i50 is stationary.
2) If any serial port is configured for OBD-II data, a non-zero OBD vehicle speed indicates i50 is moving. A zero OBD speed reading, or no OBD data, implies i50 is stationary.
3) If GPS signal is valid, a GPS speed greater than the GPS Start Speed indicates motion. GPS speed less than or equal to the GPS Stop Speed implies i50 is stationary.
The motion reading is used in the calculation of drive time, idle time, fuel used, idle fuel, start/stop events, and tow alerts. It is also used to switch the city/highway reporting mode when the thresholds are set to zero.
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6.4 Engine Running State
The i50 attempts to detect the vehicle engine running state to calculate engine running hours, drive time, and idle time. The engine state is detected as follows (in order of precedence):
1) If OBD-II data is available, engine is running if RPM exceeds 300.
2) If any input is configured as Engine-On, engine is assumed to be on if the input is active.
3) If the Engine On Battery Voltage setting is non-zero, engine is assumed to be on when the battery voltage exceeds this level.
4) Otherwise, IGN input is used. IGN high indicates engine is running.
6.5 Network
The i50 monitors all connected modems for network signal, and chooses the lowest cost option available when sending data. For example, an i50 can be configured with both satellite and cellular modems. While in cell coverage, all data will be sent through the cellular modem, but if coverage is lost the i50 will automatically switch to the satellite modem. When cell coverage is regained the unit will switch back immediately to the lower cost modem.
When no network is available, or the i50 has been configured to buffer reports, the outgoing packets will be stored in memory for transmission at a later time.
6.6 Data Queue
The i50 keeps all outgoing data packets in battery-backed memory. Upon power up, the microprocessor scans for valid data packets and adds them into the data queue. It also adds a
“Power Down” event by detecting the last valid GPS time in memory, and a “Power Up” event based
on the current real-time clock reading (unless these events are disabled under settings). The first time the i50 sends data after powering up, it will include a “Device Reset” packet to ensure it
is in sync with the server. Up to 200 events or 2000 standard GPS reports can be buffered at once. If the buffer is full when a
new packet is generated, the i50 will erase the oldest packets of equal or lower priority until enough space is available. Packet priorities are listed in Table 6.
Priority
Packet Type
0 (Highest)
Device Reset
1
Settings/Driver Info
2
Poll Response/Geofence/Alarms
3
Sleep/Wake/Periodic/Errors/Power/Tow/Accel/Messages
4
Waypoints/Overspeed/Inputs/Outputs
5
Start/Stop/Idling/Status Reports
6
Transparent Data
7
GPS Positions
8
GPS Positions (terrestrial only)
10 (Lowest)
Server IP Address
Table 6 – Packet Priority
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6.7 Packet Size
Data packets will vary in size depending on the i50 settings and available data. Size will also depend on which network is being used. The following list shows approximate content (payload) length:
Standard GPS Report: 16 bytes Advanced GPS Report: 21 bytes (basic information) 41 bytes (all options) Basic Events: Add 1 byte Status/Start/Stop Events: Add 51 bytes (without OBD-II) Add 84 bytes (with OBD-II)
On top of these payloads, cellular and point-to-point RF networks require a 3-byte Asset ID per transmission. Cellular packets will also be embedded in UDP/IP datagrams, adding a further 28 bytes.
Due to formatting requirements, Kenwood packets will be 25% longer, with an additional 5 byte header per transmission.
Lastly, the server will send ACK packets over cellular and point-to-point RF networks to acknowledge receipt of the data. These ACKs will add 4 bytes (32 including UDP cellular datagram).
Note: when the i50 has buffered multiple positions in memory, the overall packet size will be slightly smaller. For example, 19 standard GPS reports will fit into a single 250 byte packet. Buffering can be enabled on a per-network basis using the i50 settings.
6.8 Error Handling
In the event of a firmware error, a watchdog timer inside the i50 will automatically restart the device after a one second delay. Once restarted, the i50 will send a data packet containing the error details to the server to identify the problem (unless error reports are disabled in device settings).
During the restart delay the LEDs on the front panel will alternate red quickly to indicate the error condition. If further errors occur, the delay before restarting is increased exponentially. This prevents excessive data usage in case of a recurring problem.
Any errors should be forwarded to Datalink technical support at support@datalinksystemsinc.com.
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7.0 Configuration
Initial device settings can be configured using the iSeries Programmer utility (Windows only). This is available on the Datalink web page at http://www.datalinksystemsinc.com/download.html.
Download and install the programmer, then run it using the shortcut on the Start menu in the All Programs/DataNet folder. Figure 3 shows the Programmer window.
Figure 3 – iSeries Programmer
7.1 Connecting a PC to the i50
The i50 is normally programmed through the Program connector on the front panel. See section 4.3 for information on making a cable to connect from a PC serial port to the RJ-45 connector. Using this connector allows the programmer to reboot the device without removing power. This can be useful if the device is installed where it is difficult to access the power connector. In this case a programming cable could be left installed in the vehicle, allowing quick programming changes in the future.
Programming can also be performed through the COM ports on the back panel. In this case the i50 will need to be manually restarted to enter programming mode.
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