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VACON NXP GRID CONVERTER
Application guide
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Application guide
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Table of contents
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Danfoss VACON NXP GRID CONVERTER Application guide

vacon nxp
®
ac drives
grid converter
application manual
arfiff03
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Table of contents
Document: DPD01599C
Software code: ARFIFF03V164
Version release date: 31.5.2021
1. General ................................ ................................................................................................ .... 8
1.1 AFE Control ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Island (Static Power Supply) .................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Micro Grid.................................................................................................................................. 9
1.4 Shaft Generator ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 11
1.6 Compatibility issues in parameters between versions ........................................................ 12
2. Quick start and operation principles ..................................................................................... 13
2.1 Quick start instructions.......................................................................................................... 13
2.2 In case of parallel AFE: .......................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Pre-Charging of DC ................................................................................................................ 15
2.4 Main circuit breaker control (MCB) ....................................................................................... 16
2.5 Start Sequence ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.6 Stop sequence ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.7 afe mode; Start Stop timing diagram .................................................................................... 19
2.8 Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode ................................................................. 20
2.9 Operation principle: Isochronous Speed Control Mode ....................................................... 20
2.10 Voltage compensation ............................................................................................................ 21
2.11 OPT-D7 .................................................................................................................................... 22
2.12 Master Follower ..................................................................................................................... 23
2.12.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 23
2.12.2 Grid Converter Standard master follower ................................................................ 23
2.12.3 Grid Converter DriveSynch ........................................................................................ 23
2.12.4 Grid Converter D2-Synch ........................................................................................... 23
3. Control I/O ............................................................................................................................. 25
3.1 Slot A and Slot B terminals .................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Terminal To Function (TTF) ................................................................................................... 25
3.3 Defining inputs and outputs ................................................................................................... 26
3.4 Defining a terminal in NCDrive .............................................................................................. 27
4. Monitoring signals ................................................................................................................. 28
4.1 Monitoring value tables.......................................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 Monitoring values 1 .................................................................................................... 28
4.1.2 Monitoring values 2 .................................................................................................... 29
4.1.3 Fieldbus monitoring values ....................................................................................... 29
4.1.4 I/O monitoring values ................................................................................................. 30
4.1.5 Master/Follower ......................................................................................................... 30
4.1.6 Licence key activation ................................................................................................ 30
4.1.7 Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 30
4.1.8 Active Limits ............................................................................................................... 31
4.1.9 PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... 31
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4.2 Description of monitoring values .......................................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Monitoring 1 values .................................................................................................... 32
4.2.2 Monitoring 2 values .................................................................................................... 35
4.2.3 Fieldbus monitoring values ....................................................................................... 37
4.2.4 I/O monitoring values ................................................................................................. 43
4.2.5 Master Follower ......................................................................................................... 44
4.2.5.1 Currents ................................................................................................................... 45
4.2.5.2 Statuses .................................................................................................................... 46
4.2.6 Activation status ......................................................................................................... 47
4.2.7 Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 48
4.2.8 Active Limits ............................................................................................................... 48
4.2.9 PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... 48
5. Parameter list ........................................................................................................................ 49
5.1 Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... 49
5.2 Reference handling ................................................................................................................ 49
5.2.1 DC Reference Tuning ................................................................................................. 50
5.2.2 Power / Frequency reference ................................................................................... 50
5.2.3 PID Power Controller for AFE ................................................................................... 50
5.2.4 Reactive Reference .................................................................................................... 51
5.2.5 AC voltage reference ................................................................................................. 52
5.3 Ramp control .......................................................................................................................... 52
5.4 Input signals ........................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.1 Basic settings ............................................................................................................. 52
5.4.2 Digital inputs .............................................................................................................. 53
5.4.3 Analogue input 1 ........................................................................................................ 54
5.4.4 Analogue input 2 ........................................................................................................ 54
5.4.5 Analogue input 3 ........................................................................................................ 54
5.4.6 Analogue input 4 ........................................................................................................ 55
5.5 Output signals ......................................................................................................................... 55
5.5.1 Digital output signals ................................................................................................. 55
5.5.2 Delayed DO 1 .............................................................................................................. 56
5.5.3 Delayed DO 2 .............................................................................................................. 56
5.5.4 Analogue output 1 ...................................................................................................... 57
5.5.5 Analogue output 2 ...................................................................................................... 58
5.5.6 Analogue output 3 ...................................................................................................... 59
5.5.7 Options ........................................................................................................................ 59
5.6 Limit settings .......................................................................................................................... 60
5.6.1 Current limit ............................................................................................................... 60
5.6.2 Power limit ................................................................................................................. 60
5.6.3 Frequency limit .......................................................................................................... 60
5.6.4 Micro Grid ................................................................................................................... 60
5.6.5 DC voltage ................................................................................................................... 61
5.7 Drive control ........................................................................................................................... 61
5.7.1 AFE control ................................................................................................................. 61
5.7.2 Identification ............................................................................................................... 62
5.7.3 Active Compensation ................................................................................................. 62
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5.8 Master/Follower ..................................................................................................................... 62
5.9 Protections .............................................................................................................................. 63
5.9.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 63
5.9.2 Temperature Sensor Protections ............................................................................. 64
5.9.3 Earth fault ................................................................................................................... 64
5.9.4 Fieldbus fault .............................................................................................................. 64
5.9.5 External fault .............................................................................................................. 65
5.9.6 Grid voltage D7 ........................................................................................................... 65
5.9.7 Grid frequency ............................................................................................................ 65
5.9.8 Voltage ........................................................................................................................ 65
5.9.9 Over Load .................................................................................................................... 66
5.9.10 D7 Protections ............................................................................................................ 66
5.9.11 Cooling protection ...................................................................................................... 66
5.9.12 Extra ............................................................................................................................ 66
5.10 Fieldbus ................................................................................................................................... 67
5.11 Micro Grid................................................................................................................................ 69
5.11.1 Free Select ................................................................................................................. 69
5.12 Synchronisation to external grid ........................................................................................... 70
5.13 Reserved ................................................................................................................................. 70
5.14 ID control functions ................................................................................................................ 71
5.14.1 Value control .............................................................................................................. 71
5.14.2 DIN ID control 1 .......................................................................................................... 71
5.14.3 DIN ID control 2 .......................................................................................................... 71
5.14.4 DIN ID control 3 .......................................................................................................... 72
5.14.5 DIN ID control 4 .......................................................................................................... 72
5.14.6 Signal Fault function .................................................................................................. 72
5.14.7 ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... 72
5.14.8 ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... 72
5.15 Auto reset ................................................................................................................................ 73
5.16 Grid voltage PI ........................................................................................................................ 73
5.17 Keypad control (M3) ............................................................................................................... 73
5.18 System menu (M6) .................................................................................................................. 73
5.19 Expander boards (M7) ............................................................................................................ 73
6. Description of parameters..................................................................................................... 74
6.1 Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... 74
6.1.1 Transformer parameters .......................................................................................... 76
6.2 Reference handling ................................................................................................................ 77
6.2.1 DC Reference Tuning ................................................................................................. 78
6.2.2 Power / Frequency reference ................................................................................... 79
6.2.3 PID Power Controller ................................................................................................. 82
6.2.4 Reactive Current Reference ...................................................................................... 83
6.2.5 AC Voltage Reference ................................................................................................ 84
6.3 Ramp control .......................................................................................................................... 86
6.4 Input signals ........................................................................................................................... 88
6.4.1 Basic settings ............................................................................................................. 88
6.4.2 Digital input signals ................................................................................................... 89
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6.4.2.1 Synchronization to external grid ............................................................................... 91
6.4.2.2 Forced control place ................................................................................................. 93
6.4.3 Analogue inputs 1-4 ................................................................................................... 95
6.4.3.1 Analogue input to any parameter ............................................................................. 97
6.5 Output signals ......................................................................................................................... 98
6.5.1 Digital output signals ................................................................................................. 98
6.5.1.1 Fieldbus digital inputs connection ............................................................................. 99
6.5.2 Delayed digital output 1 & 2 .................................................................................... 100
6.5.3 Analogue output 1 & 2 & 3 ....................................................................................... 102
6.5.4 Options ...................................................................................................................... 105
6.6 Limit settings ........................................................................................................................ 107
6.6.1 Current limits ........................................................................................................... 107
6.6.2 Power limits.............................................................................................................. 111
6.6.3 Frequency limits....................................................................................................... 112
6.6.4 Micro Grid limits ....................................................................................................... 113
6.6.5 DC voltage regulators .............................................................................................. 114
6.7 Drive control ......................................................................................................................... 116
6.7.1 AFE Control .............................................................................................................. 121
6.7.2 Identification ............................................................................................................. 122
6.7.3 Active Compensation ............................................................................................... 122
6.8 Master Follower ................................................................................................................... 123
6.9 Protections ............................................................................................................................ 125
6.9.1 General settings ....................................................................................................... 125
6.9.2 Temperature Sensor Protections ........................................................................... 129
6.9.2.1 Individual channel monitoring ................................................................................ 131
6.9.3 Earth fault ................................................................................................................. 132
6.9.4 Fieldbus .................................................................................................................... 133
6.9.5 External fault ............................................................................................................ 133
6.9.6 Grid voltage D7 ......................................................................................................... 133
6.9.7 Grid frequency .......................................................................................................... 135
6.9.8 Supply voltage .......................................................................................................... 136
6.9.9 Over Load Protection ............................................................................................... 138
6.9.10 D7 protections .......................................................................................................... 139
6.9.11 Cooling protection .................................................................................................... 140
6.9.12 Extra .......................................................................................................................... 141
6.10 Fieldbus ................................................................................................................................. 142
6.11 Micro Grid (uGrid) ................................................................................................................. 145
6.11.1.1 Generator Simulation ........................................................................................... 147
6.11.1.2 AFE operation mode selection .............................................................................. 148
6.12 Synch to external grid .......................................................................................................... 149
6.13 Reserved ............................................................................................................................... 150
6.14 ID functions ........................................................................................................................... 151
6.14.1 Value control ............................................................................................................ 151
6.14.2 DIN ID control ........................................................................................................... 153
6.14.3 Signal Fault Function ............................................................................................... 154
6.14.4 ID Controlled Digital Output .................................................................................... 155
6.15 Auto Reset ............................................................................................................................. 156
6.16 Grid voltage PI controller ..................................................................................................... 157
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6.16.1 Grid voltage PI OPT-D7 limits ................................................................................. 157
7. Keypad control parameters ................................................................................................. 158
8. FB Status and control in detail ............................................................................................ 159
8.1 FB DC Reference .................................................................................................................. 159
8.2 State machine: Basic............................................................................................................ 160
8.2.1 FB Control Word Basic ............................................................................................ 160
8.3 State Machine: Standard ...................................................................................................... 161
8.3.1 Control Word: Standard ........................................................................................... 161
8.4 State machine: Vacon AFE 1 ................................................................................................ 162
8.4.1 Control Word: Vacon AFE 1 ..................................................................................... 162
8.5 State machine: Vacon AFE 2 ................................................................................................ 163
8.5.1 Control Word: Vacon AFE 2 Profile (3) .................................................................... 163
8.6 FB Status Word ..................................................................................................................... 165
8.7 FB Micro Grid Control Word 1 ID1700 ................................................................................. 167
9. Problem solving ................................................................................................................... 168
10. Commissioning .................................................................................................................... 169
10.1 Open loop voltage compensation ........................................................................................ 169
10.1.1 Parameters affect .................................................................................................... 169
10.1.2 No load tuning .......................................................................................................... 169
10.1.3 Tuning on the fly ....................................................................................................... 169
10.1.4 Tuning with load bank .............................................................................................. 170
10.1.5 Tuning against strong grid ...................................................................................... 170
10.1.6 Closed Loop Voltage Control ................................................................................... 170
11. Fault codes .......................................................................................................................... 171
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1. General

This application is not kept backwards compatible. See chapter Compatibility issues before you update the application. The Grid Converter application is used to make AC grids with a possibility to operate in parallel with other power sources. The Grid Converter application has 3 different operation modes:
- Standard AFE mode.
- Island mode.
- Micro Grid mode.

1.1 AFE Control

AFE function keeps constant DC voltage. AFE mode transfers power between DC and AC. AFE cannot create grid by itself, it needs to be connected to existing grid.
U2
=
~
Filter
G1
U1
Q2
UDC
MCB Control
Figure 1.

1.2 Island (Static Power Supply)

Island mode generates constant voltage and frequency. In island mode DC Voltage is not controlled. Island mode cannot operate in parallel with other power sources in AC side, because the drive will
not balance reactive or active power with other power sources. DC voltage level needs to be considered to have correct voltage on AC side in different load
situations, considering voltage losses in LCL filter and in transformer.
T1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
D Y
T2
MCB Control
Grid
Figure 2.
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1.3 Micro Grid

Micro Grid mode controls the grid voltage and frequency. It functions like an ordinary generator. Micro Grid mode does not control DC Voltage.
With the help of voltage droop and frequency droop, more than one Micro Grid and/or Generators can work together.
Q1
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side U5 = Transf. Grid Side
T1
S1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
G1
Q2
U4
U5
U3
T1
D7
D Y
T2
D Y
T2
MCB Control
MCB Control
Ship Grid
Figure 3.
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1.4 Shaft Generator

The shaft generator is a system where the generator is connected to the main engine shaft that also runs the main propulsion. The disadvantage is that the main engine must run at nominal speed even if full power to the propeller is not necessary.
With the shaft generator system power goes through the drives. One converts power from the generator to DC link, and the other makes a ship grid with constant 50 Hz or 60 Hz, thus there is no direct connection to the generator. The main engine can run at a more efficient speed without changing grid frequency.
One drive operates as an AFE on the generator side and the other operates on Island mode or Micro Grid mode on the grid side.
- The start command to generator side drive.
- Both drives can make DC charging if powered by +24 Vdc.
- When DC is at an 80% of nominal, the generator side and the grid side breakers close.
- The generator side AFE is started to boost DC first.
- The grid side Grid Converter is started and will synchronise to grid.
- The drives take power from the bypass, and the PMS opens the SG contactor.
- You can decrease the speed of the main diesel engine to be more economical.
NOTE! If it is necessary to have these systems in parallel, the system bus communication is reserved for parallel Micro Grid units on the grid side. The control must be arranged separately for each drive.
G1
T3
Auxilliary loads including single
phase loads
D Y
T2
Ship Grid
U4
U3
UDC
U2
=
~
=
~
Filter
Filter
ST
BT
G2
SG
U5
Q2
Q4
U5
Q1 Q3
D7
T1
MCB Control
MCB Control
Figure 4.
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1.5 Acronyms

AC = Alternating Current
AI = Analogue Input
AIO
=
All-In-One Applications
AM = Asynchronous Motor
ASIC
=
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
CL = Closed Loop
DC = Direct Current
DI = Digital Input
DO = Digital Output
DS = DriveSynch
FB = Field Bus
FFT
=
Function To Terminal
FW = Firmware
FWP
=
Field Weakening Point
FWPV
=
Field Weakening Point Voltage
GE = Greater or Equal
HW = Hardware
I/f
=
Current / Frequency
Id = Magnetization Current
IGBT
=
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
INV
=
Inversion
Iq = Torque Producing Current
LT = Less Than
MF = Master-Follower
OL = Open Loop
PID
=
Proportional Integral Derivative
PM = Permanent Magnet
PMSM
=
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
PU = Per Unit
RO = Relay Output
RS = Reset Set
SB = System Bus
Sep.Ex SM
=
Separately Excitated Synchronous Motor
SM = Synchronous Machine
SPC
=
Speed Control
SQS
=
Sfe Quick Stop
SR = Set Reset
SRM
=
Synchronous Reluctance Motor
SS1
=
Safe Stop 1
STO
=
Safe Torque Off
SW = Software
TC = Torque Control
TC = Time Constant
TTF
=
Terminal To Function
U/f
=
Voltage / Frequency
UV = Under Voltage
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1.6 Compatibility issues in parameters between versions

Update Note 1: This application parameters are not kept backwards compatible if new features or improvements would be difficult to implement by doing so. Read this change note and chapter “Compatibility issues in parameters between versions” from manual before updating the application.
Update Note 2: It’s recommended to use compare function for parameter changes when updating
application, especially in cases when version number change is considerably high. Application is constantly developed; this includes changing parameter default values, and if parameters are directly downloaded to drive improved default values may be lost.
Update Note 3: If OPT-D7 PI voltage control is needed in uGrid mode, do not use versions V082 or V083.
V092
• Major Compatibility Issue: P2.1.7 System Nom. DC is initialized to unit nominal DC value.
▪ 500 Vac unit: 675 Vdc ▪ 690 Vac unit: 931 Vdc
o When the transformer ratio was other than 1:1: MCB closing limit and DC-Link Voltage
reference values were based on grid voltage after transformer. This was causing reference handling problems when given AC values were in range of different voltage class unit.
o DC Voltage Reference in AFE mode is based always to System Nom DC parameter.
V089
o Compatibility Issue: Voltage MotPot is adjusting now field weakening point voltage. Units have
been changed from [V] to [%]. This enables more accurate adjustment and adjustment rate.
V087
o Minor Compatibility Issue: FB Actual Speed signal changed to use Filtered DC-Link Voltage
signal (ID1108) instead of unfiltered DC Voltage signal.
V081
o Compatibility Issue: Parameters “PID Activation” and “FreqScaleMinAO” had same ID1807.
“FreqScaleMinAO” DI changed to ID1809.
o Major Compatibility Issue: Fieldbus State Machine
o See full details from latest manual. o Not Used -> Basic, As in Fieldbus manual o Standard –> NEW Standard, Application level state machine, this was Basic in earlier
versions than V081 i.e. as in Fieldbus manual.
o FB Status and FB Control word modified to be more suitable for AFE use, following
idea of ProfiDrive standard.
V080
o Minor compatibility issue: Monitoring and parameter values unified with other premium drive
applications.
V128
o Minor compatibility issue: P2.7.8 Control Options2 B1 is no longer available, this has been
replaced with P2.9.1.15 FaultWarnIndicat parameter.
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2. Quick start and operation principles

NOTE! Before you start the commissioning, read the safety instructions in the user manual of your product.
To use the Island, Micro Grid, or Shaft generator operation, you need a licence key. The AFE mode is available without a licence.
This application requires an NXP3 control board VB761 or newer.
The control place (P3.1) of the Micro Grid drive is Keypad as a default. The basic I/O configuration of the Grid Converter drive consists of OPT-A1, OPT-A2, and OPT-D7
option boards. The basic I/O configuration is described in Table 1. OPT-D7 is required when the Grid Converter unit is needed to start with zero power to the grid. If
grid frequency is not monitored with OPT-D7, the unit may go generator side or directly to full power because different reference frequency and grid frequency.
The Grid Converter is utilised by using AFE hardware with special software. An external LC(L)-filter and charging circuit is needed. This unit is selected when low harmonics are required. The principle connection of AFE drive has been described in Figure 5.
The external 24 Vdc is recommended for control board(s). It enables the setting of parameters even when the power unit itself is not powered. This is important also when software updates are made. Some default I/O configuration of the application can cause unexpected DO operation. When the control board is powered, the drive can give information from the status of the system if, for example, the drive I/O is used for an overall system monitoring.
The external 24 Vdc is required for the drives in cases where the start command starts the control board-controlled precharging operation.

2.1 Quick start instructions

1. Connect the unit according to the Figure 5.
2. Power up the control unit with 24 Vdc.
3. Set the basic parameters (G2.1)
4. Check that the digital input parameters (G2.4.2) have been set according to the connections.
5. Change the control place according to the system requirements.
6. Charge the unit.

2.2 In case of parallel AFE:

1. Set P2.1.5 Parallel AFE to Yes. This will also set DC Drooping to 3.00% (Default).
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Figure 5. Connection
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2.3 Pre-Charging of DC

This AFE application has its own charging control, P2.5.1.13 DC Charge (24 Vdc required for control board) and charging protection in case the external charging cannot get DC voltage to required level within set time P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time (provided that the DC Voltage reaches the under voltage fault level).
The charging function is activated when P2.5.1.13 DC Charge is A.1 or higher. When the control place is IO, Keypad or NCDrive, charging is started from the start command. Charging is not started if:
- Drive is in fault state.
- P2.4.2.26 Enable CB Close is FALSE
- P2.4.2.8 Run Enable is FALSE
- P2.4.2.19 Quick Stop is FALSE Charging is also stopped if above conditions occur during charging or if the start command is
removed. For fieldbus control, charging is started with B0 of FB Control Word on the supporting FB profiles.
Charging is also stopped if B0 goes low. Also MCB is opened if already closed. DC Charge (F80) is given if 85 % of DC Nominal is not reached within P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time
and charging is stopped. DC Charging is stopped when the drive receives feedback from P2.4.2.4 MCB Feedback. NOTE! Use suitably sized DC Charging resistor. To select the correct size, check Pulse loadability
for time duration set in for Max Charge Time parameter.
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2.4 Main circuit breaker control (MCB)

The Grid Converter application controls the circuit breaker of the system with the relay output RO2. When the DC bus is charged, the MCB will be closed. The status of the MCB is monitored via a digital input. The digital input used for monitoring is selected with parameter P2.3.1.3. Faults can be set to open the MCB by selecting a response to a fault to be 3=Fault, DC OFF.
An external charging circuit is necessary to charge the DC bus but drive can control this circuit if 24 Vdc is provided for the control board.
Closing limit is 85% of the nominal DC Voltage. Opening limit is 75% of the nominal DC Voltage.
Nominal DC Voltage = Grid Nom Voltage (P2.1.1) * 1.35.
Over Current (F1), Hardware IGBT (F31) and Software IGBT (F41) faults will open MCB immediately to protect the drive.
NOTE! The MCB feedback is necessary for the correct operation of the Grid Converter application. NOTE! Only the drive controls its own MCB. If additional interlocks or opening commands are
needed, these commands must go through the drive. NOTE! UPS may be needed during short circuit situation to keep MCB closed if control voltage is
taken from the grid where the short circuit occurs. NOTE! Missing feedback signal prevent drive going to ready state. MCB Feedback can be monitored
from Status Word B10. NOTE! If feedback is not used there will be three second forced delay on internally generated MCB
feedback signal. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.
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2.5 Start Sequence

Ready to switch
on
Charge DC-Link
DC-Link
> 85 %
NO
Close Main
Contactor
YES
Main Contactor
Closed
YES
NO
MCC Fault
Fault
Reset
Run Enable
Ready To Run
NO
Start Signal
YES
NO
Synchronize with
mains
Synch OK
NO
YES
Line Synch Fault
F10
Running
Start
Figure 6. AFE start sequence
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2.6 Stop sequence

Modulating
MCB Closed
No
F64 A4
Open MCB
No
Yes
Yes
Stop Modulation
(If Run State)
Open MCB
Stop Request MCB Closed
No
F64 A2
(If DC > 85 %)
(Delayed)
Yes
MCB Closed
No
Yes
F64 A3
(Delayed)
End
Figure 7. Stop sequence
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2.7 afe mode; Start Stop timing diagram

DC Voltage
Charge Control
MCB Feedback
MCB Close Control
MCB Close level
Stable DC
Ready
IO Start
Run
FB CW.B00
Control in
FB Control
FB CW.B03
Contro in
IO Control
P. Start Delay
IO MCB Open
Command
Above example when “Standard” state machine is used. With “Basic” state machine operation is like in IO Control.
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2.8 Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode

When the power demand increases, all generators on the grid allow frequency to droop. This will balance the load between all the generators on the grid. Then the power management system gives all generators a command to increase frequency so that the grid frequency is maintained at its nominal value. When the load is reducing on the grid, the frequency of the generators will increase, and the power management system gives a command to decrease frequency.
+1%
+2%
+3%
+4%
-1%
-2%
-3%
-4%
50,5 Hz
51,0 Hz
51,5 Hz
52,0 Hz
48,0 Hz
48,5 Hz
49,0 Hz
49,5 Hz
50,0 Hz
Loading
Un-loading
Drooping
Freq. Change
25% 50% 75% 100%
Related
Load
Figure 8.

2.9 Operation principle: Isochronous Speed Control Mode

In the isochronous speed control mode, the Micro Grid frequency reference is kept the same as the grid frequency with help of OPT-D7. This will keep power at zero regardless of grid frequency. While drive operates in drooping mode, the actual power is controlled by base current reference. This reference needs to be controller by power management system (PMS) that will handle power sharing between different machines on the grid.
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2.10 Voltage compensation

Grid Converter system will have voltage losses. Depending on the system, the losses may be more than 50 Vac when operating close to Grid Converter nominal currents with low power factor between points U3 and U5. This voltage loss needs to be compensated so that the grid voltage stays at nominal. This also sets requirements for the needed DC link voltage.
Q1
T2
U4
U3
U5
UDCU2
=
~
=
~
Filter
Filter
SG
U1
Q2
U4 = Transf. GC Side U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
T1
S1
MCB Control
Utility Grid
50 Hz
60 Hz
Figure 9. Voltage compensation
The normal operation voltage range in a land-based grid is usually between 80% and 115% of the grid nominal voltage.
The voltage losses compensation is handled separately for Active power (kW) and Reactive power (kVar), the latter being more significant. The Active power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Losses parameter (P2.2.6.6) and Reactive power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Size parameter (P2.2.6.5).
Uncompensated system may result in unnecessary reactive power circulation in a grid between the different power sources and wrong grid voltage.
OPT-D7 can be used to compensate the voltage losses (closed loop voltage compensation) but it is recommended to do an open loop voltage compensation tuning in case of OPT-D7 failure. When the OPT-D7 measurements exceed the set limit values, the voltage compensation falls back to open loop control.
Inductor Size and Losses affect
Grid Nom. Voltage: 400 Vac, Reactive Current: 30%, Active Current 50%, Inductor Size: 15%, Inductor Losses: 15%, Voltage Correction: 0 Vac.
Reactive Increase: 400 Vac×30%×15%=18 Vac Active Increase: 400 VacIncrease:or Losses: 15% 400 Vac×50%×15%×15%=4.5 Vac Total increase: 18 Vac+4.5 Vac =22.5 Vac
See also document: Voltage Compensation Vxxx.pdf.
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2.11 OPT-D7

OPTD7 is an AC sinusoidal voltage measurement board. Using this board, the drive measures the line voltage, the frequency and the voltage angle information.
The drive can compare this information with its output voltage angle when it runs. This feature can be used to make synchronisations to a grid that is measured. For example, for line synchronisation purposes you can use APFIFF44 LineSynch II Application. That will work as a smooth starter.
In Grid Converter application this can be used:
- To synchronise to existing external grid while the drive is running to enable bumpless transfer from a generator operation to a shore powered operation in a ship.
- To control the grid voltage (Voltage losses compensation).
- To enable a zero power connection to an existing grid.
- To help in the commissioning of drive active power and reactive power voltage losses
compensation when the actual grid voltage is visible in NCDrive.
The OPT-D7 board is delivered with the transformer which is suitable for a voltage range up to 690 Vac. The transformer cannot be used with a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage input.
It is possible to use a customised transformer when the input voltage to be measured is not within the OPT-D7 transformer voltage range. The transformation ratio parameter can be adjusted according to the transformer primary to secondary ratio. See details in the OPT-D7 user manual.
Synchronisation to the grid can be made without the OPT-D7 when the drive operates in the AFE or the Micro Grid mode. This requires that the output terminals of the drive are connected to the existing grid when the drive is in the STOP state. When a start command has been given in AFE or Micro Grid mode, the drive will make standard AFE synchronisation. Depending on the operation mode, the drive will start to keep constant DC voltage (AFE) or start to share power based on grid frequency (Micro Grid). Using OPT-D7 for synchronisation will make the start of the drive smoother.
If the drive does not detect an existing line voltage or frequency in Micro Grid mode, the output voltage is raised defined time (VoltageRiseTime). In the Island mode, the detection of the grid is not made and the voltage is raised from zero in the set time (VoltageRiseTime).
NOTE: The OPT-D7 board (in slot C) is mandatory for the Grid Converter unit.
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2.12 Master Follower

2.12.1 General

In master follower modes master is sending control word and DC Voltage reference to follower drives. Follower drives send a status word to master including some command see details from monitoring values description.
Start command is synchronized Master sends run request to followers when all drives indicates that MCB is closed.
o Status is monitored even if follower do not have own MCB or status from the MCB. If any of the drive goes state where MCB is needed to open all drives will open the MCB. Control signals to follower drives
o DC voltage reference, can be selected in follower drive if used master or own reference.

2.12.2 Grid Converter Standard master follower In standard master follower mode modulation is not synchronized in any way through system bus

communication. This mode can be used when all the units can work independently but e.g. start and DC-Link voltage reference is only wanted to give master drive and only four units are needed for parallel operation.
3-LCL-filters are needed to use Up to 4 parallel units.

2.12.3 Grid Converter DriveSynch In DriveSynch master follower modulation is synchronized between the drives, basically all follower

will do exactly what master will do.
3-pole LC-filters or standard sine-filters can be used instead of LCL-filters when common point
is connected to transformer.
Up to 4 parallel units.

2.12.4 Grid Converter D2-Synch In D2-Synch each unit operate independently only modulation switching is synchronised to eliminate

rotating currents.
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OPT-D7
OPT-A2
OPT-??
OPT-D2
OPT-A1
OPT-D7
Transformer
Master
Follower Backup Master
Follower
OPT-D7
OPT-A2
OPT-??
OPT-D2
OPT-A1
OPT-A2
OPT-??
OPT-D2
OPT-A1
Optical
Fibre
MCB
Feedback
Optional
NOTE:
1. Breaker to be equipped with optional precharging of Sine-Filter
capacitors (Can be parallel smaller breaker with resistors for example). Precharge
will precharge DC-link capacitors as well.
2. High Frequency (HF) capacitors to be installed to limit Common Mode Voltage (CMV) for the batteries.
3. Breaker to be equipped with precharging of DC-Link capacitors
(Can be parallel smaller breaker with resistors for example)
4. Verify that the battery side fuse selection is according to discrimination.
See note 1.
Drive Supply
L
R
Cable
See note 2.
N
X
P
N
X
P
N
X
P
Limit 11V
-cable length <1m for
better EMC performance
Applicable if MV
400-690 / MV
DC-Link Fuses
According to
Discrimination Study
See note 3.
See note 4.
One option is to have many
parallel fuses (not drawn here). Each fuse protects
one battery string and
cable.
Optional
Optional
MCB
Control
Optional
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3. Control I/O

3.1 Slot A and Slot B terminals

Table 1. Minimum recommended I/O configuration.
OPT-A1
Terminal
Signal
Description
1
+10V
ref
Reference voltage output
Voltage for potentiometer, etc.
2
AI1+
Analogue input 1. Range 0-10V, Ri = 200 Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250
Input range selected by jumpers. Default range: Voltage 0 – 10 V
3
AI1-
I/O Ground
Ground for reference and controls
4
AI2+
Analogue input 2. Range 0-10V, Ri = 200 Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250
Input range selected by jumpers. Default range: Current 0 – 20 mA
5
AI2-
6
+24V
Control voltage output
Voltage for switches, etc. max 0.1 A
7
GND
I/O ground
Ground for reference and controls
8
DIN1
Programmable G2.2.1
9
DIN2
Programmable G2.2.1
10
DIN3
Programmable G2.2.1
11
CMA
Common for DIN 1– DIN 3
Connect to GND or +24V
12
+24V
Control voltage output
Voltage for switches (see #6)
13
GND
I/O ground
Ground for reference and controls
14
DIN4
MCB Feedback Programmable G2.2.1
0 = MCB open 1 = MCB closed
15
DIN5
Quick Stop Programmable G2.2.1
0 = Quick Stop Active 1 = No Quick Stop
16
DIN6
Programmable G2.2.1
17
CMB
Common for DIN4– DIN6
Connect to GND or +24V
18
AO1+
Analogue output 1
Programmable Range 0– 20 mA/RL, max. 500
19
AO1-
20
DO1
Digital output READY
Programmable P2.3.1.1 Open collector, I50mA, U48 VDC
OPT-A2
21
RO1
Relay output 1
Programmable P2.3.1.2
Switching capacity 24 VDC / 8 A
22
RO1
23
RO1
250 VAC / 8A 125 VDC / 0.4 A
24
RO2
Relay output 2
MCB control
This RO is not programmable. Fixed for MCB Control (Close)
25
RO2
26
RO2

3.2 Terminal To Function (TTF)

The programming principle of the input and output signals in the Grid Converter Application is different compared to the conventional method used in other VACON® NX applications.
In the conventional programming method, Function to Terminal Programming Method (FTT), you have a fixed input or output that you define a certain function for. The applications mentioned above, however, use the Terminal to Function Programming method (TTF) in which the programming pro¬cess is carried out the other way round: Functions appear as parameters which the operator defines a certain input/output for.
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3.3 Defining inputs and outputs

Connecting a certain input or output with a certain function (parameter) is done by giving the parameter an appropriate value. The value is formed of the Board slot on the VACON® NX control board (see VACON® NX User Manual) and the respective signal number, see below.
Function name
Slot Terminal number Terminal type
Example: You want to connect the digital output function Reference fault/warning (parameter
2.3.3.7) to the digital output DO1 on the basic board NXOPTA1 (see VACON® NX User Manual). First find the parameter 2.3.3.7 on the keypad. Press the Menu button right once to enter the edit
mode. On the value line, you will see the terminal type on the left (DigIN, DigOUT, An.IN, An.OUT) and on the right, the present input/output the function is connected to (B.3, A.2 etc.), or if not connected, a value (0.#). When the value is blinking, hold down the Browser button up or down to find the desired board slot and signal number. The program will scroll the board slots starting from 0 and proceeding from A to E and the I/O selection from 1 to 10. Once you have set the desired value, press the Enter button once to confirm the change.
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:B.1
AI Ref Faul/Warn
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:0.0
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:0.0
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:B.1
enter
AI Ref Faul/Warn AI Ref Faul/Warn AI Ref Faul/Warn
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3.4 Defining a terminal in NCDrive

If you use the VACON® NCDrive Programming Tool for parametrizing you will have to establish the connec¬tion between the function and input/output in the same way as with the control panel. Just pick the address code from the drop-down menu in the Value column (see the Figure below).
Figure 3 1. Screenshot of NCDrive programming tool; Entering the address code
Be ABSOLUTELY sure not to connect two functions to one and same output in order to avoid function overruns and to ensure flawless operation.
!
WARNING
Note: The inputs, unlike the outputs, cannot be changed in RUN state.
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4. Monitoring signals

The menu M1 (Monitoring) has all the monitoring values. Values are only for monitoring and cannot be altered on the control panel.

4.1 Monitoring value tables

4.1.1 Monitoring values 1

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.1.1
DC-Link Voltage
V # 1108
Measured DC Link voltage in volts, filtered.
V1.1.2
DC Voltage Ref.
%
#,##
1200
Used DC voltage reference by the regenerative unit in % of Nominal DC voltage. Nominal DC voltage = 1.35 * supply voltage
V1.1.3
DC Voltage Act.
%
#,##
7
Same scaling as DC Voltage Ref.
V1.1.4
Total Current
A
Varies
1104
Filtered current
V1.1.5
Active Current
%
#,#
1125
> 0 power from AC side to DC side < 0 power from DC side to AC side
V1.1.6
Reactive Current
%
#,#
1157
V1.1.7
Power kW
kW
Varies
1508
> 0 power from AC side to DC side < 0 power from DC side to AC side
V1.1.8
Power %
%
#,#
5
> 0 power from AC side to DC side < 0 power from DC side to AC side
V1.1.9
Status Word
# 43 V1.1.10
Supply Frequency
Hz
#,##
1
Drive output frequency
V1.1.11
Supply Voltage
V
#,#
1107
Drive output voltage
V1.1.12
Line Frequency D7
Hz
#,##
1654
Measured line frequency
V1.1.13
Line Voltage D7
V # 1650
Measured line voltage
V1.1.14
AC Voltage Reference
V # 1556
Used AC Voltage Reference
V1.1.15
DC Ref Max Lim
%
#,##
1606
Internal limit for DC Voltage Ref.
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4.1.2 Monitoring values 2

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.2.1
DC Voltage
V # 44
Measured DC Link voltage in volts, unfiltered.
V1.2.2
Operation Mode
# 1615
0 = AFE 1 = Island 2 = Micro Grid
V1.2.3
Used Current Ref
%
#,#
1704
Used current reference is negated to parameter value. Made to compare values in NCDrive easier to Active current
V1.2.4
D7 Synch. Error
# 1659
Synchronisation error to external grid
V1.2.5
Cos Phi Actual
#,###
1706 V1.2.6
Unit Temperature
°C # 1109 V1.2.7
Freq. Reference
Hz
#,#
1752
Used line frequency reference
V1.2.8
Current
A
Varies
1113
Unfiltered current
V1.2.9
Operation Hours
h
#,##
1856
V1.2.10
Reactive Current
Reference
%
#,#
1389
V1.2.11
Grid State
# 1882 V1.2.12
Mindex
%
#,#
1858
Modulation Index
V1.2.13
Phase U Current
A
Varies
39
rms, 1 second linear filtering
V1.2.14
Phase V Current
A
Varies
40
rms, 1 second linear filtering
V1.2.15
Phase W Current
A
Varies
41
rms, 1 second linear filtering
V1.2.16
DC-Link Current
A
Varies
72 V1.2.17
DC-Link ActCurr
%
#,#
1158
V1.2.18
Crest Factor
#,###
1101

4.1.3 Fieldbus monitoring values

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.3.1
FB Control Word
# 1160
Control word from fieldbus
V1.3.2
FB Status Word
# 68
Status word to fieldbus
V1.3.3
Fault Word 1
# 1172
V1.3.4
Fault Word 2
# 1173
V1.3.5
Warning Word 1
# 1174 V1.3.6
FB Micro Grid CW1
# 1700
Control for Micro Grid operations
V1.3.7
FB Micro Grid SW1
# 1701
Status of Micro Grid operations
V1.3.8
Last Active Warning
# 74
V1.3.9
Last Active Fault
# 37
V1.3.10
MC Status
# 64 V1.3.11
FB Analogue Out
#,##
48
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4.1.4 I/O monitoring values

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.4.1
DIN1, DIN2, DIN3
# 15 V1.4.2
DIN4, DIN5, DIN6
# 16 V1.4.3
DIN Status 1
# 56 V1.4.4
DIN Status 2
# 57
V1.4.5
Analogue Input 1
%
#,##
13 V1.4.6
Analogue Input 2
%
#,##
14
V1.4.7
Analogue input 3
%
#,##
27
AI3, unfiltered.
V1.4.8
Analogue input 4
%
#,##
28
AI4, unfiltered.
V1.4.9
Analogue Out 1
%
#,##
26
V1.4.10
Analogue Out 2
%
#,##
50
AO2
V1.4.11
Analogue Out 3
%
#,##
51
AO3
V1.4.12
PT100 Temp. 1
°C
#,#
50
V1.4.13
PT100 Temp. 2
°C
#,#
51
V1.4.14
PT100 Temp. 3
°C
#,#
52 V1.4.15
PT100 Temp. 4
°C
#,#
69 V1.4.16
PT100 Temp. 5
°C
#,#
70 V1.4.17
PT100 Temp. 6
°C
#,#
71

4.1.5 Master/Follower

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.5.1
SB SystemStatus
# 1819 V1.5.2
Master CW
# 93 Code
Parameter
Unit ID
Description
V1.5.3.1
Current D1
A
Varies
1820
V1.5.3.2
Current D2
A
Varies
1821
V1.5.3.3
Current D3
A
Varies
1822
V1.5.3.4
Current D4
A
Varies
1823 Code
Parameter
Unit ID
Description
V1.5.4.1
Status Word D1
# 1828
V1.5.4.2
Status Word D2
# 1829
V1.5.4.3
Status Word D3
# 1830
V1.5.4.4
Status Word D4
# 1831

4.1.6 Licence key activation

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.6.1
Serial Number Key
# 1997
Give this number to the technical support of the manufacturer in case of licence key problems.
V1.6.2
Licence Status
# 1996

4.1.7 Line Monitoring

Code
Parameter
Unit
Form.
ID
Description
V1.7.1
Line Voltage D7
Hz
#,##
1654
Measured line voltage
V1.7.2
Line Frequency D7
V # 1650
Measured line frequency
V1.7.3
Line Voltage THD
%
#,##
1670
Line voltage total harmonic distortio
V1.7.4
Line Voltage HF RMS
V
#,#
1671
RMS of high frequency components
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