vacon® nx
ac drives
arfif106 Grid Converter with General Grid Codes Application manual
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 3 |
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Table of contents
Document: DPD01978A
Software code: ARFIF106V128
Version release date: 4.6.2021
1. |
General .................................................................................................................................... |
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9 |
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1.1 |
AFE Control............................................................................................................................... |
9 |
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1.2 |
Island (Static Power Supply).................................................................................................. |
10 |
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1.3 |
Micro Grid................................................................................................................................ |
11 |
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1.4 |
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ |
12 |
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1.5 |
Compatibility issues in parameters between versions........................................................ |
13 |
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2. |
Grid Codes ............................................................................................................................. |
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14 |
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2.1 |
Grid Codes compliance .......................................................................................................... |
15 |
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3. |
Quick start and operation principles ..................................................................................... |
17 |
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3.1 |
Quick start instructions.......................................................................................................... |
17 |
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3.2 |
In case of parallel AFE: .......................................................................................................... |
17 |
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3.3 |
Pre-Charging of DC ................................................................................................................ |
19 |
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3.4 |
Main circuit breaker control (MCB)....................................................................................... |
20 |
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3.5 |
Start Sequence ....................................................................................................................... |
21 |
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3.6 |
Stop sequence ........................................................................................................................ |
22 |
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3.7 |
Start Stop timing diagram ..................................................................................................... |
23 |
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3.8 |
Start Stop Timing Diagram with Grid Codes......................................................................... |
24 |
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3.9 |
Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode ................................................................. |
25 |
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3.10 |
Operation principle: Isochronous Control Mode .................................................................. |
25 |
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3.11 |
Voltage compensation............................................................................................................ |
26 |
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3.12 |
OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board........................................................................ |
27 |
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4. |
Control I/O ............................................................................................................................. |
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29 |
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4.1 |
Slot A and Slot B terminals.................................................................................................... |
29 |
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4.2 |
Terminal To Function (TTF) ................................................................................................... |
29 |
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4.1 |
Defining inputs and outputs................................................................................................... |
30 |
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4.1 |
Defining a terminal in NCDrive.............................................................................................. |
31 |
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5. |
Monitoring signals ................................................................................................................. |
32 |
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5.1 |
Monitoring value tables.......................................................................................................... |
32 |
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5.1.1 |
Monitoring values 1.................................................................................................... |
32 |
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5.1.2 |
Monitoring values 2.................................................................................................... |
34 |
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5.1.3 |
Fieldbus monitoring values....................................................................................... |
34 |
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5.1.4 |
I/O monitoring values................................................................................................. |
35 |
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5.1.5 |
Master / Follower....................................................................................................... |
35 |
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5.1.6 |
Licence activation status ........................................................................................... |
35 |
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5.1.7 |
Grid Code .................................................................................................................... |
36 |
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5.1.8 |
PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... |
36 |
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5.1.9 |
Active Limits ............................................................................................................... |
36 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
4 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
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5.1.10 |
Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... |
36 |
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5.2 Description of monitoring values .......................................................................................... |
37 |
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5.2.1 |
Monitoring 1 values.................................................................................................... |
37 |
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5.2.2 |
Monitoring 2 values.................................................................................................... |
39 |
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5.2.3 |
Fieldbus monitoring values....................................................................................... |
41 |
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5.2.4 |
I/O monitoring values................................................................................................. |
47 |
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5.2.5 |
Master Follower ......................................................................................................... |
48 |
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5.2.5.1 |
Currents..................................................................................................................................... |
49 |
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5.2.5.2 |
Statuses ..................................................................................................................................... |
50 |
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5.2.6 |
Licence activation status ........................................................................................... |
51 |
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5.2.7 |
Grid Code .................................................................................................................... |
52 |
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5.2.8 |
PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... |
57 |
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5.2.9 |
Active Limits ............................................................................................................... |
57 |
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5.2.10 |
Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... |
57 |
6. |
Parameter list........................................................................................................................ |
58 |
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6.1 |
Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... |
58 |
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6.2 |
Reference handling ................................................................................................................ |
58 |
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6.2.1 |
DC Reference Tuning ................................................................................................. |
59 |
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6.2.2 |
Power / Frequency reference ................................................................................... |
59 |
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6.2.2.1 |
PID Power Controller for AFE...................................................................................................... |
60 |
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6.2.2.2 |
High Frequency Power Reference............................................................................................... |
60 |
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6.2.2.3 |
Low Frequency Power Reference................................................................................................ |
60 |
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6.2.3 |
Reactive Reference .................................................................................................... |
61 |
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6.2.4 |
AC voltage reference ................................................................................................. |
61 |
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6.3 |
Ramp control .......................................................................................................................... |
61 |
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6.4 |
Input signals ........................................................................................................................... |
62 |
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6.4.1 |
Basic settings ............................................................................................................. |
62 |
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6.4.2 |
Digital inputs .............................................................................................................. |
63 |
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6.4.3 |
Analogue input 1 ........................................................................................................ |
64 |
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6.4.4 |
Analogue input 2 ........................................................................................................ |
64 |
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6.4.5 |
Analogue input 3 ........................................................................................................ |
65 |
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6.4.6 |
Analogue input 4 ........................................................................................................ |
65 |
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6.5 |
Output signals......................................................................................................................... |
66 |
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6.5.1 |
Digital output signals................................................................................................. |
66 |
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6.5.2 |
Delayed DO 1 .............................................................................................................. |
67 |
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6.5.3 |
Delayed DO 2 .............................................................................................................. |
67 |
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6.5.4 |
Analogue output 1 ...................................................................................................... |
68 |
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6.5.5 |
Analogue output 2 ...................................................................................................... |
69 |
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6.5.6 |
Analogue output 3 ...................................................................................................... |
70 |
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6.5.7 |
Options........................................................................................................................ |
70 |
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6.6 |
Limit settings.......................................................................................................................... |
71 |
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6.6.1 |
Current limit ............................................................................................................... |
71 |
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6.6.2 |
Power limit ................................................................................................................. |
71 |
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6.6.3 |
Frequency limit .......................................................................................................... |
71 |
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6.6.4 |
Micro Grid ................................................................................................................... |
71 |
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6.6.5 |
DC voltage................................................................................................................... |
72 |
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6.7 |
Drive control ........................................................................................................................... |
72 |
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6.7.1 |
AFE control ................................................................................................................. |
72 |
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6.7.2 |
Identification............................................................................................................... |
73 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 5 |
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6.7.3 |
Active Compensation ................................................................................................. |
73 |
6.8 |
Master/Follower ..................................................................................................................... |
73 |
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6.9 |
Protections.............................................................................................................................. |
74 |
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6.9.1 |
General ....................................................................................................................... |
74 |
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6.9.2 |
PT-100......................................................................................................................... |
75 |
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6.9.3 |
Earth fault................................................................................................................... |
75 |
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6.9.4 |
Fieldbus fault.............................................................................................................. |
75 |
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6.9.5 |
External fault.............................................................................................................. |
76 |
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6.9.6 |
Grid voltage D7 ........................................................................................................... |
76 |
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6.9.7 |
Grid frequency ............................................................................................................ |
76 |
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6.9.8 |
Supply Voltage............................................................................................................ |
76 |
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6.9.9 |
Over Load.................................................................................................................... |
77 |
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6.9.10 |
opt-d7 protections...................................................................................................... |
77 |
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6.9.11 |
Cooling protection...................................................................................................... |
77 |
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6.9.12 |
Extra............................................................................................................................ |
77 |
6.10 |
Fieldbus................................................................................................................................... |
78 |
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6.11 |
Micro Grid................................................................................................................................ |
80 |
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6.12 |
Synchronisation to external grid ........................................................................................... |
81 |
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6.13 |
Reserved ................................................................................................................................. |
81 |
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6.14 |
ID control functions................................................................................................................ |
82 |
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6.14.1 |
Value control .............................................................................................................. |
82 |
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6.14.2 |
DIN ID control 1.......................................................................................................... |
82 |
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6.14.3 |
DIN ID control 2.......................................................................................................... |
82 |
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6.14.4 |
DIN ID control 3.......................................................................................................... |
83 |
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6.14.5 |
DIN ID control 4.......................................................................................................... |
83 |
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6.14.6 |
ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... |
83 |
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6.14.7 |
ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... |
83 |
6.15 |
Auto Fault reset ...................................................................................................................... |
83 |
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6.16 |
Grid voltage PI ........................................................................................................................ |
84 |
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6.17 |
Grid Code parameters............................................................................................................ |
85 |
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6.17.1 |
Anti-islanding ............................................................................................................. |
85 |
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6.17.2 |
FRT (Fault Ride-Through).......................................................................................... |
85 |
6.17.2.1 |
FRT Timer................................................................................................................................... |
85 |
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6.17.3 |
Reconnection.............................................................................................................. |
86 |
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6.17.4 |
Line Voltage trip limits............................................................................................... |
87 |
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6.17.5 |
Line Frequency trip limits ......................................................................................... |
88 |
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6.17.6 |
Dynamic reactive current injection........................................................................... |
89 |
6.17.6.1 |
Linear Under Voltage.................................................................................................................. |
89 |
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6.17.6.2 |
Linear Over Voltage.................................................................................................................... |
89 |
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6.17.6.3 |
Power Lock Under Voltage ......................................................................................................... |
89 |
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6.17.6.4 |
Power Lock In/Out Over Voltage................................................................................................. |
89 |
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6.17.6.5 |
Dynamic Grid Support ................................................................................................................ |
90 |
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6.17.7 |
Reactive power control .............................................................................................. |
91 |
6.17.7.1 |
Q(U) Power ................................................................................................................................ |
91 |
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6.17.7.2 |
Q(U) Curve ................................................................................................................................. |
91 |
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6.17.7.3 |
Q(P) curve.................................................................................................................................. |
91 |
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6.17.8 |
Power Limit/Reference.............................................................................................. |
92 |
6.17.8.1 |
High Frequency Power Limit....................................................................................................... |
92 |
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6.17.8.2 |
High Voltage Power Limit ........................................................................................................... |
92 |
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6.17.8.3 |
Low Voltage Charge Limit ........................................................................................................... |
92 |
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6.17.8.4 |
Low Frequency Charge Limit....................................................................................................... |
93 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
6 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
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6.17.9 |
Power Reference........................................................................................................ |
94 |
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6.17.9.1 |
Low Frequency Power Reference................................................................................................ |
94 |
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6.17.9.2 |
High Frequency Power Reference............................................................................................... |
94 |
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6.17.9.3 |
High Voltage Power Reference ................................................................................................... |
94 |
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6.17.10Cos Phii Control.......................................................................................................... |
95 |
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6.17.10.1 |
Voltage Log In Log Out................................................................................................................ |
95 |
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6.17.10.2 |
Active Current............................................................................................................................ |
95 |
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6.17.11External Input............................................................................................................. |
95 |
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6.17.12Limited Grid Support.................................................................................................. |
95 |
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6.17.13Options........................................................................................................................ |
96 |
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6.18 |
Keypad control (Control panel: menu M3)............................................................................ |
97 |
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6.19 |
System menu (Control panel: menu M6) .............................................................................. |
97 |
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6.20 |
Expander boards (Control panel: menu M7) ........................................................................ |
97 |
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7. |
Description of parameters..................................................................................................... |
98 |
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7.1 |
Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... |
98 |
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7.1.1 |
Transformer parameters ........................................................................................ |
100 |
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7.2 |
Reference handling .............................................................................................................. |
101 |
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7.2.1 |
DC Reference Tuning ............................................................................................... |
103 |
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7.2.2 |
Power /frequency reference ................................................................................... |
104 |
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7.2.2.1 |
PID Power Controller................................................................................................................ |
108 |
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7.2.2.2 |
High Frequency Power Reference AFE Operation...................................................................... |
111 |
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7.2.2.3 |
Low Frequency Power Reference AFE operation ....................................................................... |
113 |
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7.2.3 |
Reactive Reference Tuning...................................................................................... |
115 |
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7.2.4 |
AC Voltage Reference .............................................................................................. |
116 |
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7.3 |
Ramp control ........................................................................................................................ |
119 |
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7.4 |
Input signals ......................................................................................................................... |
120 |
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7.4.1 |
Basic settings ........................................................................................................... |
120 |
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7.4.2 |
Digital input signals ................................................................................................. |
122 |
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7.4.2.1 |
Synchronization to external grid ............................................................................................... |
123 |
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7.4.2.2 |
Forced control place................................................................................................................. |
125 |
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7.4.3 |
Analogue inputs 1-4................................................................................................. |
127 |
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7.4.3.1 |
Analogue input to any parameter ............................................................................................. |
129 |
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7.5 |
Output signals....................................................................................................................... |
130 |
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7.5.1 |
Digital output signals............................................................................................... |
130 |
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7.5.1.1 |
Fieldbus digital inputs connection............................................................................................. |
131 |
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7.5.2 |
Delayed digital output 1 & 2 .................................................................................... |
132 |
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7.5.3 |
Analogue output 1 & 2 & 3....................................................................................... |
134 |
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7.5.4 |
Options...................................................................................................................... |
138 |
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7.6 |
Limit settings........................................................................................................................ |
139 |
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7.6.1 |
Current limits ........................................................................................................... |
139 |
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7.6.2 |
Power limits.............................................................................................................. |
143 |
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7.6.3 |
Frequency limits....................................................................................................... |
144 |
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7.6.4 |
Micro Grid limits....................................................................................................... |
145 |
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7.6.5 |
DC voltage regulators .............................................................................................. |
146 |
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7.7 |
Drive control ......................................................................................................................... |
148 |
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7.7.1 |
AFE Control .............................................................................................................. |
151 |
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7.7.2 |
Identification............................................................................................................. |
153 |
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7.7.3 |
Active Compensation ............................................................................................... |
153 |
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7.8 |
Master/Follower ................................................................................................................... |
154 |
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7.9 |
Protections............................................................................................................................ |
156 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 7 |
||
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7.9.1 |
General settings ....................................................................................................... |
156 |
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7.9.2 |
PT-100....................................................................................................................... |
159 |
7.9.2.1 |
Individual channel monitoring .................................................................................................. |
160 |
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7.9.3 |
Earth fault................................................................................................................. |
161 |
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7.9.4 |
Fieldbus .................................................................................................................... |
161 |
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7.9.5 |
External fault............................................................................................................ |
162 |
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7.9.6 |
Grid voltage D7 ......................................................................................................... |
163 |
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7.9.7 |
Grid frequency .......................................................................................................... |
165 |
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7.9.8 |
Supply voltage .......................................................................................................... |
166 |
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7.9.9 |
Over Load Protection ............................................................................................... |
168 |
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7.9.10 |
D7 protections .......................................................................................................... |
169 |
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7.9.11 Cooling protection .................................................................................... |
170 |
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7.9.12 |
Extra.......................................................................................................................... |
170 |
7.10 |
Fieldbus................................................................................................................................. |
172 |
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7.11 |
Micro Grid (uGrid)................................................................................................................. |
174 |
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7.11.1 |
Generator Simulation .............................................................................................. |
176 |
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7.11.2 |
AFE operation mode selection ................................................................................ |
177 |
7.12 Synch to external grid .......................................................................................................... |
178 |
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7.13 |
Reserved ............................................................................................................................... |
179 |
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7.14 |
ID functions........................................................................................................................... |
179 |
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7.14.1 |
Value control ............................................................................................................ |
179 |
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7.14.2 |
DIN ID control........................................................................................................... |
181 |
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7.14.3 |
ID Controlled Digital Output .................................................................................... |
183 |
7.15 |
Auto Fault Reset ................................................................................................................... |
184 |
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7.16 Grid voltage PI controller..................................................................................................... |
185 |
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7.16.1 |
Grid voltage PI OPT-D7 limits ................................................................................. |
185 |
7.17 |
Grid Code parameters.......................................................................................................... |
186 |
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7.17.1 |
Anti-Islanding........................................................................................................... |
187 |
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7.17.2 |
FRT (Fault Ride-Through)........................................................................................ |
189 |
7.17.2.1 |
FRT Timer................................................................................................................................. |
191 |
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7.17.3 |
Reconnection............................................................................................................ |
193 |
7.17.3.1 |
Line OK Limits........................................................................................................................... |
193 |
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7.17.4 |
Line Voltage trip limits............................................................................................. |
194 |
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7.17.5 |
Line Frequency trip limits ....................................................................................... |
198 |
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7.17.6 |
Reactive current injection (dynamic) ...................................................................... |
200 |
7.17.6.1 |
Linear reference under voltage................................................................................................. |
201 |
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7.17.6.2 |
Linear reference over voltage................................................................................................... |
202 |
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7.17.6.3 |
Power Lock In and Out Reference under voltage....................................................................... |
204 |
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7.17.6.4 |
Power Lock In and Out Reference over voltage. ........................................................................ |
207 |
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7.17.6.5 |
Dynamic Grid Support .............................................................................................................. |
210 |
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7.17.7 |
Reactive Power Control ........................................................................................... |
212 |
7.17.7.1 |
Q(U) Power .............................................................................................................................. |
212 |
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7.17.7.2 |
Q(U) Curve ............................................................................................................................... |
213 |
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7.17.7.3 |
Q(P) Curve................................................................................................................................ |
214 |
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7.17.8 |
Power Limit .............................................................................................................. |
215 |
7.17.8.1 |
High Frequency Power Limit..................................................................................................... |
216 |
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7.17.8.2 |
High Frequency Power Limit with absolute high frequency limit................................................ |
218 |
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7.17.8.3 |
High Voltage Power Limit ......................................................................................................... |
219 |
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7.17.8.4 |
Low Voltage Charge Limit ......................................................................................................... |
221 |
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7.17.8.5 |
Low Frequency Charge Limit..................................................................................................... |
222 |
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7.17.9 |
Power Reference...................................................................................................... |
224 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
8 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
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7.17.9.1 |
Low Frequency Power Reference.............................................................................................. |
224 |
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7.17.9.2 |
High Frequency Power Reference............................................................................................. |
226 |
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7.17.9.3 |
High Voltage Power Reference ................................................................................................. |
228 |
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7.17.10Cos Phii Control........................................................................................................ |
229 |
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7.17.10.1 |
Lock In and Out control ............................................................................................................ |
229 |
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7.17.10.2 |
Cos Phii Active Current Control................................................................................................. |
230 |
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7.17.11External Input........................................................................................................... |
231 |
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7.17.12Limited Grid Support................................................................................................ |
231 |
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7.17.13Grid Code Options .................................................................................................... |
232 |
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8. |
Keypad control parameters ................................................................................................. |
234 |
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9. |
FB Status and control in detail ............................................................................................ |
235 |
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9.1 |
FB DC Reference .................................................................................................................. |
235 |
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9.2 |
State machine: Basic............................................................................................................ |
236 |
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9.2.1 |
FB Control Word Basic ............................................................................................ |
236 |
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9.3 |
State Machine: Standard...................................................................................................... |
237 |
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9.3.1 |
Control Word: Standard........................................................................................... |
237 |
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9.4 |
State machine: Vacon AFE 1 ................................................................................................ |
238 |
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9.4.1 |
Control Word: Vacon AFE 1 ..................................................................................... |
238 |
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9.1 |
State machine: Vacon AFE 2 ................................................................................................ |
239 |
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9.1.1 |
Control Word: Vacon AFE 2 Profile (3).................................................................... |
239 |
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9.2 |
FB Status Word..................................................................................................................... |
241 |
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10. |
Problem solving ................................................................................................................... |
243 |
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11. |
Commissioning .................................................................................................................... |
244 |
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|
11.1 |
Open loop voltage compensation ........................................................................................ |
244 |
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11.1.1 |
Parameters affect .................................................................................................... |
244 |
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11.1.2 |
No load tuning .......................................................................................................... |
244 |
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11.1.3 |
Tuning on the fly....................................................................................................... |
244 |
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11.1.4 |
Tuning with load bank.............................................................................................. |
245 |
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11.1.5 |
Tuning against strong grid ...................................................................................... |
245 |
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11.1.6 |
Closed Loop Voltage Control ................................................................................... |
245 |
12. |
Fault codes |
.......................................................................................................................... |
246 |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 9 |
|
|
This application is not kept backwards compatible. See chapter Compatibility issues before you update the application. The Grid Converter application is used to make AC grids with a possibility to operate in parallel with other power sources. The Grid Converter application has three different operation modes and only AFE mode supports grid codes:
-AFE mode with and without grid codes activated.
-Island mode (no grid code support).
-Micro Grid mode (no grid code support).
AFE function keeps constant DC voltage. AFE mode transfers power between DC and AC. AFE cannot create grid by itself, it needs to be connected to existing grid.
D7 |
T1 |
|
|
|
MCB Control |
= |
U4 |
U5 |
U3 |
||
|
Filter |
D Y |
~ |
|
Q1 |
|
|
T2
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
Figure 1.
S1
<![endif]>Utility Grid
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
10 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
Island mode generates constant voltage and frequency. In island mode DC Voltage is not controlled.
Island mode cannot operate in parallel with other power sources in AC side, because the drive will not balance reactive or active power with other power sources.
DC voltage level needs to be considered to have correct voltage on AC side in different load situations, considering voltage losses in LCL filter and in transformer.
D7 |
T1 |
|
|
|
MCB Control |
= |
U4 |
U5 |
U3 |
||
|
Filter |
D Y |
~ |
|
Q1 |
|
|
T2
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
Figure 2.
S1
<![endif]>Utility Grid
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 11 |
|
|
Micro Grid mode controls the grid voltage and frequency. It functions like an ordinary generator. Micro Grid mode does not control DC Voltage.
With the help of voltage droop and frequency droop, more than one Micro Grid and/or Generators can work together.
D7 |
T1 |
|
|
|
MCB Control |
= |
U3 |
U4 |
|
U5 |
|
|
Filter |
D |
Y |
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S1 |
|||
~ |
|
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Q1 |
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T2 |
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U4 = Transf. GC Side |
|
||
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U5 = Transf. Grid Side |
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||
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Q2 |
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G1 |
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D7 |
T1 |
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MCB Control |
|
|
|
= |
U4 |
U5 |
|
U3 |
|
||
Filter |
D |
Y |
S1 |
~ |
|
Q1 |
|
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T2 |
|
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|
|
|
U4 = Transf. GC Side |
|
|
|
U5 = Transf. Grid Side |
|
Figure 3.
<![endif]>Utility Grid
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
12 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
AC |
= |
Alternating Current |
AI |
= |
Analogue Input |
AIO |
= |
All-In-One Applications |
AM |
= |
Asynchronous Motor |
ASIC |
= |
Application Specific Integrated Circuit |
CL |
= |
Closed Loop |
DC |
= |
Direct Current |
DI |
= |
Digital Input |
DO |
= |
Digital Output |
DS |
= |
DriveSynch |
FB |
= |
Field Bus |
FFT |
= |
Function To Terminal |
FW |
= |
Firmware |
FWP |
= |
Field Weakening Point |
FWPV |
= |
Field Weakening Point Voltage |
GE |
= |
Greater or Egual |
HW |
= |
Hardware |
I/f |
= |
Current / Frequency |
Id |
= |
Magnetization Current |
IGBT |
= |
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor |
INV |
= |
Inversion |
Iq |
= |
Torque Producing Current |
k-factor |
= |
Reactive relation to voltage. k = (Δiq/In)/(ΔU/Un) |
LT |
= |
Less Than |
MF |
= |
Master-Follower |
OL |
= |
Open Loop |
OV |
= |
Over Voltage |
PID |
= |
Proportional Integral Derivative |
PM |
= |
Permanent Magnet |
PMS |
= |
Power Management System |
PMSM |
= |
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor |
PU |
= |
Per Unit |
RO |
= |
Relay Output |
RS |
= |
Reset Set |
SB |
= |
System Bus |
Sep.Ex SM |
= |
Separately Excitated Synchronous Motor |
SM |
= |
Synchronous Machine |
SPC |
= |
Speed Control |
SQS |
= |
Safe Quick Stop |
SR |
= |
Set Reset |
SRM |
= |
Synchronous Reluctance Motor |
SS1 |
= |
Safe Stop 1 |
STO |
= |
Safe Torque Off |
SW |
= |
Software |
TC |
= |
Torque Control |
TC |
= |
Time Constant |
TTF |
= |
Terminal To Function |
U/f |
= |
Voltage / Frequency |
UV |
= |
Under Voltage |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 13 |
|
|
Update Note 1: This application parameters are not kept backwards compatible if new features or improvements would be difficult to implement by doing so. Read this change note and chapter “Compatibility issues in parameters between versions” from manual before updating the application.
Update Note 2: It’s recommended to use compare function for parameter changes when updating application, especially in cases when version number change is considerably high.
Application is constantly developed; this includes changing parameter default values, and if parameters are directly downloaded to drive improved default values may be lost.
V122
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
14 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
In AFE mode Grid Codes are available (Island mode and uGrid mode do not support Grid Codes). To use Grid Codes, OPT-D7 is needed along with P2.17.1 Grid Code license.
Grid Codes are enabled with P2.17.3 EnableGridCode selection 2 / Enabled, whole parameter group G2.17 is dedicated for grid code settings, by default, no grid code functionalises area active other than unspecific frequency and voltage level tripping limits.
NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.
In case of upper system is controlling the breaker, the upper system will need certification.
D7 |
T1 |
|
|
|
MCB Control |
= |
U4 |
U5 |
U3 |
||
|
Filter |
D Y |
~ |
|
Q1 |
|
|
T2
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
S1
<![endif]>Utility Grid
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 15 |
|
|
|
UL1741, |
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|
|
|
|
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UL1741SA, |
ENTSO-e |
|
EN50549-1:2019 VDE-AR-N-4105, |
||
Electric connection Grid |
IEEE1547:2003, |
Regulation |
IEC62116:2014 |
EN50549-2:2019 VDE-AR-N- |
||
codes and Electrical |
IEEE1547.1:2005; |
2016/031 of 14 of |
(Anti-islanding) |
(estimated April |
4110, |
|
Safety standards |
California Rule21, |
April 2016 |
(International) |
2021) |
VDE-AR-N-4120 |
|
|
Hawaii 14H |
(Europe) |
|
(Europe) |
(Germany) |
|
|
(USA/Canada) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NXP2V200 |
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V203 |
|
System software |
or later |
or later |
or later |
or later |
||
|
||||||
|
|
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
|
|
ARFIF106 V103 |
V121 or later |
V121 or later |
V121 or later |
V121 or later |
|
|
|
release |
release |
release |
release |
Application software
400VAC |
FI9 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI10 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI12 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI13 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI14 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH5 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH61 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH62 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH63 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH64 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
2xCH64 |
600VAC |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
16 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
|
FGW TG3 rev |
CEI 0-16: 04- |
Regulation |
IEC62109-1; |
|
|
|
24, |
|
||||
Electric connection Grid |
2019, |
2016/631 of 14 of |
IEC62109-2; |
|
||
FGW TG4 rev 8, |
|
|||||
codes and Electrical |
CEI 0-21: 04- |
April 2016; |
AS/NZS |
PEA (Thailand) |
||
FGW TG8 rev 7 |
||||||
Safety standards |
2019 |
(France) |
4777.2:2015 |
|
||
(Germany / |
|
|||||
|
(Italy) |
|
(PV)(Australia) |
|
||
|
BDEW) |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V203 |
NXP2V200 |
NXP2V203 |
|
System software |
or later |
or later |
or later |
or later |
or later |
|
|
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
ARFIF106 |
|
|
V121 or later |
V121 or later |
V121 or later |
V104 or V121 |
V121 or later |
|
|
release |
release |
release |
or later release |
release |
Application software |
400VAC |
FI9 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI10 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI12 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI13 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
FI14 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH5 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH61 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH62 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH63 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
CH64 |
600VAC |
400VAC |
2xCH64 |
600VAC |
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 17 |
|
|
NOTE! Before you start the commissioning, read the safety instructions in the user manual of your product.
To use the Island, Micro Grid, or Shaft generator operation, you need a licence key. The AFE mode is available without a licence.
This application requires an NXP3 control board VB761 or newer.
The control place (P3.1) of the Grid Converter drive is Keypad as a default.
The basic I/O configuration of the Grid Converter drive consists of OPT-A1, OPT-A2, and OPT-D7 option boards. The basic I/O configuration is described in Table 1.
OPT-D7 is required when the Grid Converter unit is needed to start with zero power to the grid. If grid frequency is not monitored with OPT-D7, the unit may go generator side or directly to full power because different reference frequency and grid frequency.
The Grid Converter is utilised by using AFE hardware with special software. An external LC(L)-filter and charging circuit is needed. This unit is selected when low harmonics are required. The principle connection of AFE drive has been described in Figure 4.
The external 24 Vdc is recommended for control board(s). It enables the setting of parameters even when the power unit itself is not powered. This is important also when software updates are made. Some default I/O configuration of the application can cause unexpected DO operation. When the control board is powered, the drive can give information from the status of the system if, for example, the drive I/O is used for an overall system monitoring.
The external 24 Vdc is required for the drives in cases where the start command starts the control board-controlled precharging operation.
1. Connect the unit according to the Figure 4.
2. Power up the control unit with 24 Vdc.
3. Set the basic parameters (G2.1)
4. Check that the digital input parameters (G2.4.2) have been set according to the connections. 5. Change the control place according to the system requirements.
6. Charge the unit.
1. Set P2.1.5 Parallel AFE to Yes. This will also set DC Drooping to 3.00% (Default).
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
18 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
Figure 4. Connection
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 19 |
|
|
This AFE application has its own charging control, P2.5.1.13 DC Charge (24 Vdc required for control board) and charging protection in case the external charging cannot get DC voltage to required level within set time P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time (provided that the DC Voltage reaches the under voltage fault level).
The charging function is activated when P2.5.1.13 DC Charge is A.1 or higher. When the control place is IO, Keypad or NCDrive, charging is started from the start command.
Charging is not started if:
-Drive is in fault state.
-P2.4.2.26 Enable CB Close is FALSE
-P2.4.2.8 Run Enable is FALSE
-P2.4.2.19 Quick Stop is FALSE
Charging is also stopped if above conditions occur during charging or if the start command is removed.
For fieldbus control, charging is started with B0 of FB Control Word on the supporting FB profiles. Charging is also stopped if B0 goes low. Also MCB is opened if already closed.
DC Charge (F80) is given if 85 % of DC Nominal is not reached within P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time and charging is stopped.
DC Charging is stopped when the drive receives feedback from P2.4.2.4 MCB Feedback.
NOTE! Use suitably sized DC Charging resistor. To select the correct size, check Pulse loadability for time duration set in for Max Charge Time parameter.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
20 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
The Grid Converter application controls the circuit breaker of the system with the relay output RO2. When the DC bus is charged, the MCB will be closed. The status of the MCB is monitored via a digital input. The digital input used for monitoring is selected with parameter P2.3.1.3. Faults can be set to open the MCB by selecting a response to a fault to be 3=Fault, DC OFF.
An external charging circuit is necessary to charge the DC bus but drive can control this circuit if 24 Vdc is provided for the control board.
Closing limit is 85% of the nominal DC Voltage.
Opening limit is 75% of the nominal DC Voltage.
Nominal DC Voltage for the Grid Converter is adjusted with System Nominal DC parameter P2.1.7 ID1805.
Over Current (F1), Hardware IGBT (F31) and Software IGBT (F41) faults will open MCB immediately to protect the drive.
For Grid Code use its recommended to have breaker that mechanical opening delay is less than 30 ms when clearing times are less than 200 ms also use early brake auxiliary contact as accessory to breaker of contact.
NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.
NOTE! The MCB feedback is necessary for the correct operation of the Grid Converter application.
NOTE! Only the drive controls its own MCB. If additional interlocks or opening commands are needed, these commands must go through the drive.
NOTE! UPS may be needed during short circuit situation to keep MCB closed if control voltage is taken from the grid where the short circuit occurs.
NOTE! Missing feedback signal prevent drive going to ready state. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.
NOTE! If feedback is not used there will be three second forced delay on internally generated MCB feedback signal. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 21 |
|
|
In uGrid mode synchronization to main is done also but if grid is not found drive will make the grid. In Island mode drive will make the grid immediately without synchronization to the grid.
Start
|
Ready to switch on |
|
|
Charge DC- |
Fault Reset |
|
Link |
|
NO |
DC-Link |
|
|
> 85 % |
|
YES
Close Main
Contactor
Main Contactor |
NO |
MCC Fault |
|
|
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||
Closed |
|
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Run Enable
NO
YES
Ready To Run
Start Signal
NO
YES
Synchronize with mains
NO
Synch OK
Line Synch Fault
F10
YES
Running
Figure 5. AFE start sequence
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
22 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
Modulating
|
|
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No |
|
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|||
MCB Closed |
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F64 A4 |
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|||||
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|||||||
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Yes |
No |
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|||||||
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F64 A2 |
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Stop Request |
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MCB Closed |
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(If DC > 85 %) |
||||
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|||||||
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(Delayed) |
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Yes |
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Open MCB
No
Yes
Stop Modulation
(If Run State)
Open MCB
Yes
MCB Closed
F64 A3 (Delayed)
No
End
Figure 6. Stop sequence
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 23 |
|
|
<![endif]>P. Start Delay
Stable DC
MCB Close level
DC Voltage
FB CW.B00
Control in
FB Control
FB CW.B03
IO Start
Contro in
IO Control
IO MCB Open
Command
Charge Control
MCB Close Control
MCB Feedback
Ready
Run
Above example when “Standard” state machine is used. With “Basic” state machine operation is like in IO Control.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
24 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. Line OK Delay |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. Start Delay |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. ReConnect |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Time |
Start Request |
|
|
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To Inverter |
|
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Line Frequency |
|
|
|
and Voltage OK |
|
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Main Circuit Breaker |
|
|
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Close Control |
|
|
|
Main Circuit Breaker |
|
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Feedback |
|
|
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Ready State of |
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Inverter |
|
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Run |
|
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(Modulating) |
|
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Start |
|
Start |
Grid Code Trip |
Synchronization |
|
Synchronization |
|
|
|
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 25 |
|
|
When the power demand increases, all generators on the grid allow frequency to droop. This will balance the load between all the generators on the grid. Then the power management system gives all generators a command to increase frequency so that the grid frequency is maintained at its nominal value.
When the load is reducing on the grid, the frequency of the generators will increase, and the power management system gives a command to decrease frequency.
= + + |
|
|
(−) |
|||||
|
||||||||
Freq. |
Change |
|
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52,0 Hz |
+4% |
|
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51,5 Hz |
+3% |
|
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D |
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r |
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51,0 Hz |
+2% |
|
|
oo |
pi |
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<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Loading |
|
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|
ng |
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50,5 Hz |
+1% |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>-loading |
|
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Related |
||
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<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Un |
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Load |
50,0 Hz |
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25% |
50% |
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75% |
100% |
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49,5 Hz |
-1% |
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49,0 Hz |
-2% |
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48,5 Hz |
-3% |
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48,0 Hz |
-4% |
|
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|
Figure 7.
In the isochronous control mode, the Micro Grid frequency reference is kept the same as the grid frequency with help of OPT-D7. This will keep power at zero regardless of grid frequency. While drive operates in drooping mode, the actual power is controlled by base current reference. This reference needs to be controller by power management system (PMS) that will handle power sharing between different machines on the grid.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
26 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
|
|
3.11Voltage compensation
Grid Converter system will have voltage losses. Depending on the system, the losses may be more than 50 Vac when operating close to Grid Converter nominal currents with low power factor between points U3 and U5. This voltage loss needs to be compensated so that the grid voltage stays at nominal. This also sets requirements for the needed DC link voltage.
50 Hz
|
Q2 |
|
~ |
|
SG |
Filter |
U2 |
UDC |
|
|
|
|
U1
=
Figure 8.
D7 |
T1 |
|
60 Hz |
MCB Control |
|
|
|
= |
U4 |
U5 |
|
U3 |
|
||
Filter |
Q1 |
S1 |
|
~ |
|
||
|
T2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U4 = Transf. GC Side |
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U5 = Transf. Grid Side
<![endif]>Utility Grid
The normal operation voltage range in a land-based grid is usually between 80% and 115% of the grid nominal voltage.
The voltage losses compensation is handled separately for Active power (kW) and Reactive power (kVar), the latter being more significant. The Active power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Losses parameter (P2.2.6.6) and Reactive power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Size parameter (P2.2.6.5).
Uncompensated system may result in unnecessary reactive power circulation in a grid between the different power sources and wrong grid voltage.
OPT-D7 can be used to compensate the voltage losses (closed loop voltage compensation) but it is recommended to do an open loop voltage compensation tuning in case of OPT-D7 failure. When the OPT-D7 measurements exceed the set limit values, the voltage compensation falls back to open loop control.
Inductor Size and Losses affect
Grid Nom. Voltage: 400 Vac, Reactive Current: 30%, Active Current 50%, Inductor Size: 15%, Inductor Losses: 15%, Voltage Correction: 0 Vac.
Reactive Increase: |
400 |
Vac×30%×15%=18 Vac |
Active Increase: |
400 |
Vac Increase or Losses: 15% 400 Vac×50%×15%×15%=4.5 Vac |
Total increase: |
18 Vac+4.5 Vac =22.5 Vac |
See also chapter 10.1 Open Loop Voltage Compensation.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 27 |
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3.12OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board
OPTD7 is an AC sinusoidal voltage measurement board. Using this board, the drive measures the line voltage, the frequency and the voltage angle information.
Grid Codes cannot be used or activated without correctly connected OPT-D7 board and Grid Code functionality is only available when drive is operating in AFE mode.
Measurement accuracies of OPT-D7 board
Frequency Accuracy: ±0,05 Hz
Voltage Accuracy: ±2,5% from full range.
The drive can compare this information with its output voltage angle when it runs. This feature can be used to make synchronisations to a grid that is measured. For example, for line synchronisation purposes you can use APFIFF44 LineSynch II Application. That will work as a smooth starter.
In Grid Converter application this can be used:
-To synchronise to existing external grid while the drive is running to enable bumpless transfer from a generator operation to a shore powered operation in a ship.
-To control the grid voltage (Voltage losses compensation).
-To enable a zero power connection to an existing grid.
-To help in the commissioning of drive active power and reactive power voltage losses compensation when the actual grid voltage is visible in NCDrive.
The OPT-D7 board is delivered with a measurement transformer (690 :11,5) which is suitable for a voltage range up to 690 Vac. The measurement transformer cannot be connected directly to drive output terminal since it can’t measure pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage input.
It is possible to use a customised transformer when the input voltage to be measured is not within the OPT-D7 transformer voltage range. The transformation ratio parameter can be adjusted according to the transformer primary to secondary ratio. See details in the OPT-D7 user manual.
Synchronisation to the grid can be made without the OPT-D7 when the drive operates in the AFE or the Micro Grid mode. This requires that the output terminals of the drive are connected to the existing grid when the drive is in the STOP state. When a start command has been given in AFE or Micro Grid mode, the drive will make standard AFE synchronisation. Depending on the operation mode, the drive will start to keep constant DC voltage (AFE) or start to share power based on grid frequency (Micro Grid). Using OPT-D7 for synchronisation will make the start of the drive smoother.
If the drive does not detect an existing line voltage or frequency in Micro Grid mode, the output voltage is raised defined time (VoltageRiseTime). In the Island mode, the detection of the grid is not made and the voltage is raised from zero in the set time (VoltageRiseTime).
NOTE: The OPT-D7 board (in slot C) is mandatory for the Grid Converter unit.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
28 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
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Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
VACON® · 29 |
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Table 1. Minimum recommended I/O configuration.
OPT-A1
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Terminal |
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Signal |
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Description |
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1 |
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+10Vref |
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Reference voltage output |
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Voltage for potentiometer, etc. |
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2 |
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AI1+ |
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Analogue input 1. |
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Input range selected by jumpers. |
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Range 0-10V, Ri = 200 |
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Default range: Voltage 0 – 10 V |
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Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250 |
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3 |
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AI1- |
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I/O Ground |
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Ground for reference and controls |
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4 |
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AI2+ |
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Analogue input 2. |
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Input range selected by jumpers. |
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5 |
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AI2- |
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Range 0-10V, Ri = 200 |
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Default range: Current 0 – 20 mA |
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Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250 |
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6 |
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+24V |
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Control voltage output |
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Voltage for switches, etc. max 0.1 A |
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7 |
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GND |
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I/O ground |
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Ground for reference and controls |
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8 |
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DIN1 |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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9 |
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DIN2 |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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10 |
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DIN3 |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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11 |
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CMA |
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Common for DIN 1– DIN 3 |
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Connect to GND or +24V |
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12 |
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+24V |
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Control voltage output |
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Voltage for switches (see #6) |
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13 |
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GND |
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I/O ground |
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Ground for reference and controls |
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14 |
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DIN4 |
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MCB Feedback |
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0 = MCB open |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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1 = MCB closed |
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15 |
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DIN5 |
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Quick Stop |
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0 = Quick Stop Active |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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1 = No Quick Stop |
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16 |
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DIN6 |
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Programmable G2.2.1 |
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17 |
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CMB |
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Common for DIN4– DIN6 |
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Connect to GND or +24V |
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18 |
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AO1+ |
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Analogue output 1 |
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Programmable |
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19 |
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AO1- |
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Range 0– 20 mA/RL, max. 500 |
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20 |
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DO1 |
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Digital output |
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Programmable P2.3.1.1 |
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READY |
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Open collector, I 50mA, U 48 VDC |
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OPT-A2 |
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21 |
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RO1 |
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Relay output 1 |
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Switching capacity |
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22 |
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RO1 |
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Programmable P2.3.1.2 |
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24 VDC / 8 A |
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23 |
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RO1 |
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250 VAC / 8A |
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125 VDC / 0.4 A |
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24 |
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RO2 |
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Relay output 2 |
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This RO is not programmable. |
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25 |
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RO2 |
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MCB control |
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Fixed for MCB Control (Close) |
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26 |
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RO2 |
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The programming principle of the input and output signals in the Grid Converter Application is different compared to the conventional method used in other VACON® NX applications.
In the conventional programming method, Function to Terminal Programming Method (FTT), you have a fixed input or output that you define a certain function for. The applications mentioned above, however, use the Terminal to Function Programming method (TTF) in which the programming pro¬cess is carried out the other way round: Functions appear as parameters which the operator defines a certain input/output for.
Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public
30 · VACON® |
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes |
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Connecting a certain input or output with a certain function (parameter) is done by giving the parameter an appropriate value. The value is formed of the Board slot on the VACON® NX control board (see VACON® NX User Manual) and the respective signal number, see below.
READY
I/Oterm
Function name AI Ref Faul/Warn
DigOUT:B.1
Slot |
Terminal number |
Terminal type |
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Example: You want to connect the digital output function Reference fault/warning (parameter 2.3.3.7) to the digital output DO1 on the basic board NXOPTA1 (see VACON® NX User Manual).
First find the parameter 2.3.3.7 on the keypad. Press the Menu button right once to enter the edit mode. On the value line, you will see the terminal type on the left (DigIN, DigOUT, An.IN, An.OUT) and on the right, the present input/output the function is connected to (B.3, A.2 etc.), or if not connected, a value (0.#).
When the value is blinking, hold down the Browser button up or down to find the desired board slot and signal number. The program will scroll the board slots starting from 0 and proceeding from A to E and the I/O selection from 1 to 10.
Once you have set the desired value, press the Enter button once to confirm the change.
READY |
READY |
READY |
I/Oterm |
I/Oterm |
I/Oterm |
AI Ref Faul/Warn |
AI Ref Faul/Warn |
AI Ref Faul/Warn |
enter |
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DigOUT:0.0 |
DigOUT:0.0 |
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DigOUT:B.1 |
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Local contacts: http://drives.danfoss.com/danfoss-drives/local-contacts/
Classified as Public