Danfoss vacon nx apfiff106 Grid Converter with General Grid Codes Application guide

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arfif106 Grid Converter with General Grid Codes Application manual

arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 3

Table of contents

Document: DPD01978A

Software code: ARFIF106V128

Version release date: 4.6.2021

1.	General ....................................................................................................................................			9
	1.1	AFE Control...............................................................................................................................		9
	1.2	Island (Static Power Supply)..................................................................................................		10
	1.3	Micro Grid................................................................................................................................		11
	1.4	Acronyms ................................................................................................................................		12
	1.5	Compatibility issues in parameters between versions........................................................		13
2.	Grid Codes .............................................................................................................................			14
	2.1	Grid Codes compliance ..........................................................................................................		15
3.	Quick start and operation principles .....................................................................................			17
	3.1	Quick start instructions..........................................................................................................		17
	3.2	In case of parallel AFE: ..........................................................................................................		17
	3.3	Pre-Charging of DC ................................................................................................................		19
	3.4	Main circuit breaker control (MCB).......................................................................................		20
	3.5	Start Sequence .......................................................................................................................		21
	3.6	Stop sequence ........................................................................................................................		22
	3.7	Start Stop timing diagram .....................................................................................................		23
	3.8	Start Stop Timing Diagram with Grid Codes.........................................................................		24
	3.9	Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode .................................................................		25
	3.10	Operation principle: Isochronous Control Mode ..................................................................		25
	3.11	Voltage compensation............................................................................................................		26
	3.12	OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board........................................................................		27
4.	Control I/O .............................................................................................................................			29
	4.1	Slot A and Slot B terminals....................................................................................................		29
	4.2	Terminal To Function (TTF) ...................................................................................................		29
	4.1	Defining inputs and outputs...................................................................................................		30
	4.1	Defining a terminal in NCDrive..............................................................................................		31
5.	Monitoring signals .................................................................................................................			32
	5.1	Monitoring value tables..........................................................................................................		32
		5.1.1	Monitoring values 1....................................................................................................	32
		5.1.2	Monitoring values 2....................................................................................................	34
		5.1.3	Fieldbus monitoring values.......................................................................................	34
		5.1.4	I/O monitoring values.................................................................................................	35
		5.1.5	Master / Follower.......................................................................................................	35
		5.1.6	Licence activation status ...........................................................................................	35
		5.1.7	Grid Code ....................................................................................................................	36
		5.1.8	PI Power Controller ...................................................................................................	36
		5.1.9	Active Limits ...............................................................................................................	36

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		5.1.10	Line Monitoring ..........................................................................................................	36
	5.2 Description of monitoring values ..........................................................................................			37
		5.2.1	Monitoring 1 values....................................................................................................	37
		5.2.2	Monitoring 2 values....................................................................................................	39
		5.2.3	Fieldbus monitoring values.......................................................................................	41
		5.2.4	I/O monitoring values.................................................................................................	47
		5.2.5	Master Follower .........................................................................................................	48
	5.2.5.1		Currents.....................................................................................................................................	49
	5.2.5.2		Statuses .....................................................................................................................................	50
		5.2.6	Licence activation status ...........................................................................................	51
		5.2.7	Grid Code ....................................................................................................................	52
		5.2.8	PI Power Controller ...................................................................................................	57
		5.2.9	Active Limits ...............................................................................................................	57
		5.2.10	Line Monitoring ..........................................................................................................	57
6.	Parameter list........................................................................................................................			58
	6.1	Basic parameters ...................................................................................................................		58
	6.2	Reference handling ................................................................................................................		58
		6.2.1	DC Reference Tuning .................................................................................................	59
		6.2.2	Power / Frequency reference ...................................................................................	59
	6.2.2.1		PID Power Controller for AFE......................................................................................................	60
	6.2.2.2		High Frequency Power Reference...............................................................................................	60
	6.2.2.3		Low Frequency Power Reference................................................................................................	60
		6.2.3	Reactive Reference ....................................................................................................	61
		6.2.4	AC voltage reference .................................................................................................	61
	6.3	Ramp control ..........................................................................................................................		61
	6.4	Input signals ...........................................................................................................................		62
		6.4.1	Basic settings .............................................................................................................	62
		6.4.2	Digital inputs ..............................................................................................................	63
		6.4.3	Analogue input 1 ........................................................................................................	64
		6.4.4	Analogue input 2 ........................................................................................................	64
		6.4.5	Analogue input 3 ........................................................................................................	65
		6.4.6	Analogue input 4 ........................................................................................................	65
	6.5	Output signals.........................................................................................................................		66
		6.5.1	Digital output signals.................................................................................................	66
		6.5.2	Delayed DO 1 ..............................................................................................................	67
		6.5.3	Delayed DO 2 ..............................................................................................................	67
		6.5.4	Analogue output 1 ......................................................................................................	68
		6.5.5	Analogue output 2 ......................................................................................................	69
		6.5.6	Analogue output 3 ......................................................................................................	70
		6.5.7	Options........................................................................................................................	70
	6.6	Limit settings..........................................................................................................................		71
		6.6.1	Current limit ...............................................................................................................	71
		6.6.2	Power limit .................................................................................................................	71
		6.6.3	Frequency limit ..........................................................................................................	71
		6.6.4	Micro Grid ...................................................................................................................	71
		6.6.5	DC voltage...................................................................................................................	72
	6.7	Drive control ...........................................................................................................................		72
		6.7.1	AFE control .................................................................................................................	72
		6.7.2	Identification...............................................................................................................	73

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	6.7.3	Active Compensation .................................................................................................	73
6.8	Master/Follower .....................................................................................................................		73
6.9	Protections..............................................................................................................................		74
	6.9.1	General .......................................................................................................................	74
	6.9.2	PT-100.........................................................................................................................	75
	6.9.3	Earth fault...................................................................................................................	75
	6.9.4	Fieldbus fault..............................................................................................................	75
	6.9.5	External fault..............................................................................................................	76
	6.9.6	Grid voltage D7 ...........................................................................................................	76
	6.9.7	Grid frequency ............................................................................................................	76
	6.9.8	Supply Voltage............................................................................................................	76
	6.9.9	Over Load....................................................................................................................	77
	6.9.10	opt-d7 protections......................................................................................................	77
	6.9.11	Cooling protection......................................................................................................	77
	6.9.12	Extra............................................................................................................................	77
6.10	Fieldbus...................................................................................................................................		78
6.11	Micro Grid................................................................................................................................		80
6.12	Synchronisation to external grid ...........................................................................................		81
6.13	Reserved .................................................................................................................................		81
6.14	ID control functions................................................................................................................		82
	6.14.1	Value control ..............................................................................................................	82
	6.14.2	DIN ID control 1..........................................................................................................	82
	6.14.3	DIN ID control 2..........................................................................................................	82
	6.14.4	DIN ID control 3..........................................................................................................	83
	6.14.5	DIN ID control 4..........................................................................................................	83
	6.14.6	ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ...................................................................................	83
	6.14.7	ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ...................................................................................	83
6.15	Auto Fault reset ......................................................................................................................		83
6.16	Grid voltage PI ........................................................................................................................		84
6.17	Grid Code parameters............................................................................................................		85
	6.17.1	Anti-islanding .............................................................................................................	85
	6.17.2	FRT (Fault Ride-Through)..........................................................................................	85
6.17.2.1		FRT Timer...................................................................................................................................	85
	6.17.3	Reconnection..............................................................................................................	86
	6.17.4	Line Voltage trip limits...............................................................................................	87
	6.17.5	Line Frequency trip limits .........................................................................................	88
	6.17.6	Dynamic reactive current injection...........................................................................	89
6.17.6.1		Linear Under Voltage..................................................................................................................	89
6.17.6.2		Linear Over Voltage....................................................................................................................	89
6.17.6.3		Power Lock Under Voltage .........................................................................................................	89
6.17.6.4		Power Lock In/Out Over Voltage.................................................................................................	89
6.17.6.5		Dynamic Grid Support ................................................................................................................	90
	6.17.7	Reactive power control ..............................................................................................	91
6.17.7.1		Q(U) Power ................................................................................................................................	91
6.17.7.2		Q(U) Curve .................................................................................................................................	91
6.17.7.3		Q(P) curve..................................................................................................................................	91
	6.17.8	Power Limit/Reference..............................................................................................	92
6.17.8.1		High Frequency Power Limit.......................................................................................................	92
6.17.8.2		High Voltage Power Limit ...........................................................................................................	92
6.17.8.3		Low Voltage Charge Limit ...........................................................................................................	92
6.17.8.4		Low Frequency Charge Limit.......................................................................................................	93

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		6.17.9	Power Reference........................................................................................................	94
	6.17.9.1		Low Frequency Power Reference................................................................................................	94
	6.17.9.2		High Frequency Power Reference...............................................................................................	94
	6.17.9.3		High Voltage Power Reference ...................................................................................................	94
		6.17.10Cos Phii Control..........................................................................................................		95
	6.17.10.1		Voltage Log In Log Out................................................................................................................	95
	6.17.10.2		Active Current............................................................................................................................	95
		6.17.11External Input.............................................................................................................		95
		6.17.12Limited Grid Support..................................................................................................		95
		6.17.13Options........................................................................................................................		96
	6.18	Keypad control (Control panel: menu M3)............................................................................		97
	6.19	System menu (Control panel: menu M6) ..............................................................................		97
	6.20	Expander boards (Control panel: menu M7) ........................................................................		97
7.	Description of parameters.....................................................................................................			98
	7.1	Basic parameters ...................................................................................................................		98
		7.1.1	Transformer parameters ........................................................................................	100
	7.2	Reference handling ..............................................................................................................		101
		7.2.1	DC Reference Tuning ...............................................................................................	103
		7.2.2	Power /frequency reference ...................................................................................	104
	7.2.2.1		PID Power Controller................................................................................................................	108
	7.2.2.2		High Frequency Power Reference AFE Operation......................................................................	111
	7.2.2.3		Low Frequency Power Reference AFE operation .......................................................................	113
		7.2.3	Reactive Reference Tuning......................................................................................	115
		7.2.4	AC Voltage Reference ..............................................................................................	116
	7.3	Ramp control ........................................................................................................................		119
	7.4	Input signals .........................................................................................................................		120
		7.4.1	Basic settings ...........................................................................................................	120
		7.4.2	Digital input signals .................................................................................................	122
	7.4.2.1		Synchronization to external grid ...............................................................................................	123
	7.4.2.2		Forced control place.................................................................................................................	125
		7.4.3	Analogue inputs 1-4.................................................................................................	127
	7.4.3.1		Analogue input to any parameter .............................................................................................	129
	7.5	Output signals.......................................................................................................................		130
		7.5.1	Digital output signals...............................................................................................	130
	7.5.1.1		Fieldbus digital inputs connection.............................................................................................	131
		7.5.2	Delayed digital output 1 & 2 ....................................................................................	132
		7.5.3	Analogue output 1 & 2 & 3.......................................................................................	134
		7.5.4	Options......................................................................................................................	138
	7.6	Limit settings........................................................................................................................		139
		7.6.1	Current limits ...........................................................................................................	139
		7.6.2	Power limits..............................................................................................................	143
		7.6.3	Frequency limits.......................................................................................................	144
		7.6.4	Micro Grid limits.......................................................................................................	145
		7.6.5	DC voltage regulators ..............................................................................................	146
	7.7	Drive control .........................................................................................................................		148
		7.7.1	AFE Control ..............................................................................................................	151
		7.7.2	Identification.............................................................................................................	153
		7.7.3	Active Compensation ...............................................................................................	153
	7.8	Master/Follower ...................................................................................................................		154
	7.9	Protections............................................................................................................................		156

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	7.9.1	General settings .......................................................................................................	156
	7.9.2	PT-100.......................................................................................................................	159
7.9.2.1		Individual channel monitoring ..................................................................................................	160
	7.9.3	Earth fault.................................................................................................................	161
	7.9.4	Fieldbus ....................................................................................................................	161
	7.9.5	External fault............................................................................................................	162
	7.9.6	Grid voltage D7 .........................................................................................................	163
	7.9.7	Grid frequency ..........................................................................................................	165
	7.9.8	Supply voltage ..........................................................................................................	166
	7.9.9	Over Load Protection ...............................................................................................	168
	7.9.10	D7 protections ..........................................................................................................	169
	7.9.11 Cooling protection ....................................................................................		170
	7.9.12	Extra..........................................................................................................................	170
7.10	Fieldbus.................................................................................................................................		172
7.11	Micro Grid (uGrid).................................................................................................................		174
	7.11.1	Generator Simulation ..............................................................................................	176
	7.11.2	AFE operation mode selection ................................................................................	177
7.12 Synch to external grid ..........................................................................................................			178
7.13	Reserved ...............................................................................................................................		179
7.14	ID functions...........................................................................................................................		179
	7.14.1	Value control ............................................................................................................	179
	7.14.2	DIN ID control...........................................................................................................	181
	7.14.3	ID Controlled Digital Output ....................................................................................	183
7.15	Auto Fault Reset ...................................................................................................................		184
7.16 Grid voltage PI controller.....................................................................................................			185
	7.16.1	Grid voltage PI OPT-D7 limits .................................................................................	185
7.17	Grid Code parameters..........................................................................................................		186
	7.17.1	Anti-Islanding...........................................................................................................	187
	7.17.2	FRT (Fault Ride-Through)........................................................................................	189
7.17.2.1		FRT Timer.................................................................................................................................	191
	7.17.3	Reconnection............................................................................................................	193
7.17.3.1		Line OK Limits...........................................................................................................................	193
	7.17.4	Line Voltage trip limits.............................................................................................	194
	7.17.5	Line Frequency trip limits .......................................................................................	198
	7.17.6	Reactive current injection (dynamic) ......................................................................	200
7.17.6.1		Linear reference under voltage.................................................................................................	201
7.17.6.2		Linear reference over voltage...................................................................................................	202
7.17.6.3		Power Lock In and Out Reference under voltage.......................................................................	204
7.17.6.4		Power Lock In and Out Reference over voltage. ........................................................................	207
7.17.6.5		Dynamic Grid Support ..............................................................................................................	210
	7.17.7	Reactive Power Control ...........................................................................................	212
7.17.7.1		Q(U) Power ..............................................................................................................................	212
7.17.7.2		Q(U) Curve ...............................................................................................................................	213
7.17.7.3		Q(P) Curve................................................................................................................................	214
	7.17.8	Power Limit ..............................................................................................................	215
7.17.8.1		High Frequency Power Limit.....................................................................................................	216
7.17.8.2		High Frequency Power Limit with absolute high frequency limit................................................	218
7.17.8.3		High Voltage Power Limit .........................................................................................................	219
7.17.8.4		Low Voltage Charge Limit .........................................................................................................	221
7.17.8.5		Low Frequency Charge Limit.....................................................................................................	222
	7.17.9	Power Reference......................................................................................................	224

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	7.17.9.1		Low Frequency Power Reference..............................................................................................	224
	7.17.9.2		High Frequency Power Reference.............................................................................................	226
	7.17.9.3		High Voltage Power Reference .................................................................................................	228
		7.17.10Cos Phii Control........................................................................................................		229
	7.17.10.1		Lock In and Out control ............................................................................................................	229
	7.17.10.2		Cos Phii Active Current Control.................................................................................................	230
		7.17.11External Input...........................................................................................................		231
		7.17.12Limited Grid Support................................................................................................		231
		7.17.13Grid Code Options ....................................................................................................		232
8.	Keypad control parameters .................................................................................................			234
9.	FB Status and control in detail ............................................................................................			235
	9.1	FB DC Reference ..................................................................................................................		235
	9.2	State machine: Basic............................................................................................................		236
		9.2.1	FB Control Word Basic ............................................................................................	236
	9.3	State Machine: Standard......................................................................................................		237
		9.3.1	Control Word: Standard...........................................................................................	237
	9.4	State machine: Vacon AFE 1 ................................................................................................		238
		9.4.1	Control Word: Vacon AFE 1 .....................................................................................	238
	9.1	State machine: Vacon AFE 2 ................................................................................................		239
		9.1.1	Control Word: Vacon AFE 2 Profile (3)....................................................................	239
	9.2	FB Status Word.....................................................................................................................		241
10.	Problem solving ...................................................................................................................			243
11.	Commissioning ....................................................................................................................			244
	11.1	Open loop voltage compensation ........................................................................................		244
		11.1.1	Parameters affect ....................................................................................................	244
		11.1.2	No load tuning ..........................................................................................................	244
		11.1.3	Tuning on the fly.......................................................................................................	244
		11.1.4	Tuning with load bank..............................................................................................	245
		11.1.5	Tuning against strong grid ......................................................................................	245
		11.1.6	Closed Loop Voltage Control ...................................................................................	245
12.	Fault codes		..........................................................................................................................	246

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 9

1. General

This application is not kept backwards compatible. See chapter Compatibility issues before you update the application. The Grid Converter application is used to make AC grids with a possibility to operate in parallel with other power sources. The Grid Converter application has three different operation modes and only AFE mode supports grid codes:

-AFE mode with and without grid codes activated.

-Island mode (no grid code support).

-Micro Grid mode (no grid code support).

1.1 AFE Control

AFE function keeps constant DC voltage. AFE mode transfers power between DC and AC. AFE cannot create grid by itself, it needs to be connected to existing grid.

D7	T1
	MCB Control

=	U4	U5
U3
	Filter	D Y
~		Q1

T2

U4 = Transf. GC Side

U5 = Transf. Grid Side

Figure 1.

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10 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

1.2 Island (Static Power Supply)

Island mode generates constant voltage and frequency. In island mode DC Voltage is not controlled.

Island mode cannot operate in parallel with other power sources in AC side, because the drive will not balance reactive or active power with other power sources.

DC voltage level needs to be considered to have correct voltage on AC side in different load situations, considering voltage losses in LCL filter and in transformer.

D7	T1
	MCB Control

=	U4	U5
U3
	Filter	D Y
~		Q1

T2

U4 = Transf. GC Side

U5 = Transf. Grid Side

Figure 2.

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 11

1.3 Micro Grid

Micro Grid mode controls the grid voltage and frequency. It functions like an ordinary generator. Micro Grid mode does not control DC Voltage.

With the help of voltage droop and frequency droop, more than one Micro Grid and/or Generators can work together.

D7	T1
	MCB Control

=	U3	U4		U5
		Filter	D	Y
					S1
~				Q1
				T2
		U4 = Transf. GC Side
		U5 = Transf. Grid Side
					Q2
				G1

D7	T1
MCB Control
=	U4	U5
U3
Filter	D	Y	S1
~		Q1
		T2
	U4 = Transf. GC Side
	U5 = Transf. Grid Side

Figure 3.

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12 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

1.4 Acronyms

AC	=	Alternating Current
AI	=	Analogue Input
AIO	=	All-In-One Applications
AM	=	Asynchronous Motor
ASIC	=	Application Specific Integrated Circuit
CL	=	Closed Loop
DC	=	Direct Current
DI	=	Digital Input
DO	=	Digital Output
DS	=	DriveSynch
FB	=	Field Bus
FFT	=	Function To Terminal
FW	=	Firmware
FWP	=	Field Weakening Point
FWPV	=	Field Weakening Point Voltage
GE	=	Greater or Egual
HW	=	Hardware
I/f	=	Current / Frequency
Id	=	Magnetization Current
IGBT	=	Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
INV	=	Inversion
Iq	=	Torque Producing Current
k-factor	=	Reactive relation to voltage. k = (Δiq/In)/(ΔU/Un)
LT	=	Less Than
MF	=	Master-Follower
OL	=	Open Loop
OV	=	Over Voltage
PID	=	Proportional Integral Derivative
PM	=	Permanent Magnet
PMS	=	Power Management System
PMSM	=	Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
PU	=	Per Unit
RO	=	Relay Output
RS	=	Reset Set
SB	=	System Bus
Sep.Ex SM	=	Separately Excitated Synchronous Motor
SM	=	Synchronous Machine
SPC	=	Speed Control
SQS	=	Safe Quick Stop
SR	=	Set Reset
SRM	=	Synchronous Reluctance Motor
SS1	=	Safe Stop 1
STO	=	Safe Torque Off
SW	=	Software
TC	=	Torque Control
TC	=	Time Constant
TTF	=	Terminal To Function
U/f	=	Voltage / Frequency
UV	=	Under Voltage

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 13

1.5 Compatibility issues in parameters between versions

Update Note 1: This application parameters are not kept backwards compatible if new features or improvements would be difficult to implement by doing so. Read this change note and chapter “Compatibility issues in parameters between versions” from manual before updating the application.

Update Note 2: It’s recommended to use compare function for parameter changes when updating application, especially in cases when version number change is considerably high.

Application is constantly developed; this includes changing parameter default values, and if parameters are directly downloaded to drive improved default values may be lost.

V122

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14 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

2. Grid Codes

In AFE mode Grid Codes are available (Island mode and uGrid mode do not support Grid Codes). To use Grid Codes, OPT-D7 is needed along with P2.17.1 Grid Code license.

Grid Codes are enabled with P2.17.3 EnableGridCode selection 2 / Enabled, whole parameter group G2.17 is dedicated for grid code settings, by default, no grid code functionalises area active other than unspecific frequency and voltage level tripping limits.

NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.

In case of upper system is controlling the breaker, the upper system will need certification.

D7	T1
	MCB Control

=	U4	U5
U3
	Filter	D Y
~		Q1

T2

U4 = Transf. GC Side

U5 = Transf. Grid Side

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 15

2.1 Grid Codes compliance

		UL1741,
		UL1741SA,	ENTSO-e		EN50549-1:2019 VDE-AR-N-4105,
	Electric connection Grid	IEEE1547:2003,	Regulation	IEC62116:2014	EN50549-2:2019 VDE-AR-N-
	codes and Electrical	IEEE1547.1:2005;	2016/031 of 14 of	(Anti-islanding)	(estimated April	4110,
	Safety standards	California Rule21,	April 2016	(International)	2021)	VDE-AR-N-4120
		Hawaii 14H	(Europe)		(Europe)	(Germany)
		(USA/Canada)
		NXP2V200	NXP2V203	NXP2V203	NXP2V203	NXP2V203
	System software		or later	or later	or later	or later
			ARFIF106	ARFIF106	ARFIF106	ARFIF106
		ARFIF106 V103	V121 or later	V121 or later	V121 or later	V121 or later
			release	release	release	release

Application software

400VAC

FI9

600VAC

400VAC

FI10

600VAC

400VAC

FI12

600VAC

400VAC

FI13

600VAC

400VAC

FI14

600VAC

400VAC

CH5

600VAC

400VAC

CH61

600VAC

400VAC

CH62

600VAC

400VAC

CH63

600VAC

400VAC

CH64

600VAC

400VAC

2xCH64

600VAC

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16 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

		FGW TG3 rev	CEI 0-16: 04-	Regulation	IEC62109-1;
		24,
	Electric connection Grid		2019,	2016/631 of 14 of	IEC62109-2;
		FGW TG4 rev 8,
	codes and Electrical		CEI 0-21: 04-	April 2016;	AS/NZS	PEA (Thailand)
		FGW TG8 rev 7
	Safety standards		2019	(France)	4777.2:2015
		(Germany /
			(Italy)		(PV)(Australia)
		BDEW)
		NXP2V203	NXP2V203	NXP2V203	NXP2V200	NXP2V203
	System software	or later	or later	or later	or later	or later
		ARFIF106	ARFIF106	ARFIF106	ARFIF106	ARFIF106
		V121 or later	V121 or later	V121 or later	V104 or V121	V121 or later
		release	release	release	or later release	release

Application software

400VAC

FI9

600VAC

400VAC

FI10

600VAC

400VAC

FI12

600VAC

400VAC

FI13

600VAC

400VAC

FI14

600VAC

400VAC

CH5

600VAC

400VAC

CH61

600VAC

400VAC

CH62

600VAC

400VAC

CH63

600VAC

400VAC

CH64

600VAC

400VAC

2xCH64

600VAC

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 17

3. Quick start and operation principles

NOTE! Before you start the commissioning, read the safety instructions in the user manual of your product.

To use the Island, Micro Grid, or Shaft generator operation, you need a licence key. The AFE mode is available without a licence.

This application requires an NXP3 control board VB761 or newer.

The control place (P3.1) of the Grid Converter drive is Keypad as a default.

The basic I/O configuration of the Grid Converter drive consists of OPT-A1, OPT-A2, and OPT-D7 option boards. The basic I/O configuration is described in Table 1.

OPT-D7 is required when the Grid Converter unit is needed to start with zero power to the grid. If grid frequency is not monitored with OPT-D7, the unit may go generator side or directly to full power because different reference frequency and grid frequency.

The Grid Converter is utilised by using AFE hardware with special software. An external LC(L)-filter and charging circuit is needed. This unit is selected when low harmonics are required. The principle connection of AFE drive has been described in Figure 4.

The external 24 Vdc is recommended for control board(s). It enables the setting of parameters even when the power unit itself is not powered. This is important also when software updates are made. Some default I/O configuration of the application can cause unexpected DO operation. When the control board is powered, the drive can give information from the status of the system if, for example, the drive I/O is used for an overall system monitoring.

The external 24 Vdc is required for the drives in cases where the start command starts the control board-controlled precharging operation.

3.1 Quick start instructions

1. Connect the unit according to the Figure 4.

2. Power up the control unit with 24 Vdc.

3. Set the basic parameters (G2.1)

4. Check that the digital input parameters (G2.4.2) have been set according to the connections. 5. Change the control place according to the system requirements.

6. Charge the unit.

3.2 In case of parallel AFE:

1. Set P2.1.5 Parallel AFE to Yes. This will also set DC Drooping to 3.00% (Default).

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18 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

Figure 4. Connection

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 19

3.3 Pre-Charging of DC

This AFE application has its own charging control, P2.5.1.13 DC Charge (24 Vdc required for control board) and charging protection in case the external charging cannot get DC voltage to required level within set time P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time (provided that the DC Voltage reaches the under voltage fault level).

The charging function is activated when P2.5.1.13 DC Charge is A.1 or higher. When the control place is IO, Keypad or NCDrive, charging is started from the start command.

Charging is not started if:

-Drive is in fault state.

-P2.4.2.26 Enable CB Close is FALSE

-P2.4.2.8 Run Enable is FALSE

-P2.4.2.19 Quick Stop is FALSE

Charging is also stopped if above conditions occur during charging or if the start command is removed.

For fieldbus control, charging is started with B0 of FB Control Word on the supporting FB profiles. Charging is also stopped if B0 goes low. Also MCB is opened if already closed.

DC Charge (F80) is given if 85 % of DC Nominal is not reached within P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time and charging is stopped.

DC Charging is stopped when the drive receives feedback from P2.4.2.4 MCB Feedback.

NOTE! Use suitably sized DC Charging resistor. To select the correct size, check Pulse loadability for time duration set in for Max Charge Time parameter.

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20 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

3.4 Main circuit breaker control (MCB)

The Grid Converter application controls the circuit breaker of the system with the relay output RO2. When the DC bus is charged, the MCB will be closed. The status of the MCB is monitored via a digital input. The digital input used for monitoring is selected with parameter P2.3.1.3. Faults can be set to open the MCB by selecting a response to a fault to be 3=Fault, DC OFF.

An external charging circuit is necessary to charge the DC bus but drive can control this circuit if 24 Vdc is provided for the control board.

Closing limit is 85% of the nominal DC Voltage.

Opening limit is 75% of the nominal DC Voltage.

Nominal DC Voltage for the Grid Converter is adjusted with System Nominal DC parameter P2.1.7 ID1805.

Over Current (F1), Hardware IGBT (F31) and Software IGBT (F41) faults will open MCB immediately to protect the drive.

For Grid Code use its recommended to have breaker that mechanical opening delay is less than 30 ms when clearing times are less than 200 ms also use early brake auxiliary contact as accessory to breaker of contact.

NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.

NOTE! The MCB feedback is necessary for the correct operation of the Grid Converter application.

NOTE! Only the drive controls its own MCB. If additional interlocks or opening commands are needed, these commands must go through the drive.

NOTE! UPS may be needed during short circuit situation to keep MCB closed if control voltage is taken from the grid where the short circuit occurs.

NOTE! Missing feedback signal prevent drive going to ready state. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.

NOTE! If feedback is not used there will be three second forced delay on internally generated MCB feedback signal. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 21

3.5 Start Sequence

In uGrid mode synchronization to main is done also but if grid is not found drive will make the grid. In Island mode drive will make the grid immediately without synchronization to the grid.

Start

	Ready to switch on
	Charge DC-	Fault Reset
	Link
NO	DC-Link
	> 85 %

YES

Close Main

Contactor

Main Contactor	NO		MCC Fault
Closed

Run Enable

NO

YES

Ready To Run

Start Signal

NO

YES

Synchronize with mains

NO

Synch OK

Line Synch Fault

F10

YES

Running

Figure 5. AFE start sequence

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22 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

3.6 Stop sequence

Modulating

No

MCB Closed

F64 A4

Yes

No

F64 A2

Stop Request

MCB Closed

(If DC > 85 %)

(Delayed)

Yes

Open MCB

No

Yes

Stop Modulation

(If Run State)

Open MCB

Yes

MCB Closed

F64 A3 (Delayed)

No

End

Figure 6. Stop sequence

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 23

3.7Start Stop timing diagram

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>P. Start Delay

Stable DC

MCB Close level

DC Voltage

FB CW.B00

Control in

FB Control

FB CW.B03

IO Start

Contro in

IO Control

IO MCB Open

Command

Charge Control

MCB Close Control

MCB Feedback

Ready

Run

Above example when “Standard” state machine is used. With “Basic” state machine operation is like in IO Control.

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24 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

3.8Start Stop Timing Diagram with Grid Codes

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. Line OK Delay	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. Start Delay	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P. ReConnect	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Time
Start Request
To Inverter
Line Frequency
and Voltage OK
Main Circuit Breaker
Close Control
Main Circuit Breaker
Feedback
Ready State of
Inverter
Run
(Modulating)
	Start		Start
Grid Code Trip	Synchronization		Synchronization

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 25

3.9 Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode

When the power demand increases, all generators on the grid allow frequency to droop. This will balance the load between all the generators on the grid. Then the power management system gives all generators a command to increase frequency so that the grid frequency is maintained at its nominal value.

When the load is reducing on the grid, the frequency of the generators will increase, and the power management system gives a command to decrease frequency.

= + +								(−)
Freq.	Change
52,0 Hz	+4%
51,5 Hz	+3%
				D
				r
51,0 Hz	+2%			oo	pi
		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Loading				ng
50,5 Hz	+1%		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>-loading
								Related
			<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Un					Load
50,0 Hz
			25%	50%			75%	100%
49,5 Hz	-1%
49,0 Hz	-2%
48,5 Hz	-3%
48,0 Hz	-4%

Figure 7.

3.10Operation principle: Isochronous Control Mode

In the isochronous control mode, the Micro Grid frequency reference is kept the same as the grid frequency with help of OPT-D7. This will keep power at zero regardless of grid frequency. While drive operates in drooping mode, the actual power is controlled by base current reference. This reference needs to be controller by power management system (PMS) that will handle power sharing between different machines on the grid.

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26 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

3.11Voltage compensation

Grid Converter system will have voltage losses. Depending on the system, the losses may be more than 50 Vac when operating close to Grid Converter nominal currents with low power factor between points U3 and U5. This voltage loss needs to be compensated so that the grid voltage stays at nominal. This also sets requirements for the needed DC link voltage.

50 Hz

	Q2		~
SG	Filter	U2		UDC

U1

=

Figure 8.

D7	T1		60 Hz
MCB Control
=	U4	U5
U3
	Filter	Q1	S1
~
		T2
	U4 = Transf. GC Side

U5 = Transf. Grid Side

Voltage compensation

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>Utility Grid

The normal operation voltage range in a land-based grid is usually between 80% and 115% of the grid nominal voltage.

The voltage losses compensation is handled separately for Active power (kW) and Reactive power (kVar), the latter being more significant. The Active power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Losses parameter (P2.2.6.6) and Reactive power voltage losses are compensated with Inductor Size parameter (P2.2.6.5).

Uncompensated system may result in unnecessary reactive power circulation in a grid between the different power sources and wrong grid voltage.

OPT-D7 can be used to compensate the voltage losses (closed loop voltage compensation) but it is recommended to do an open loop voltage compensation tuning in case of OPT-D7 failure. When the OPT-D7 measurements exceed the set limit values, the voltage compensation falls back to open loop control.

Inductor Size and Losses affect

Grid Nom. Voltage: 400 Vac, Reactive Current: 30%, Active Current 50%, Inductor Size: 15%, Inductor Losses: 15%, Voltage Correction: 0 Vac.

Reactive Increase:	400	Vac×30%×15%=18 Vac
Active Increase:	400	Vac Increase or Losses: 15% 400 Vac×50%×15%×15%=4.5 Vac
Total increase:	18 Vac+4.5 Vac =22.5 Vac

See also chapter 10.1 Open Loop Voltage Compensation.

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 27

3.12OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board

OPTD7 is an AC sinusoidal voltage measurement board. Using this board, the drive measures the line voltage, the frequency and the voltage angle information.

Grid Codes cannot be used or activated without correctly connected OPT-D7 board and Grid Code functionality is only available when drive is operating in AFE mode.

Measurement accuracies of OPT-D7 board

Frequency Accuracy: ±0,05 Hz

Voltage Accuracy: ±2,5% from full range.

The drive can compare this information with its output voltage angle when it runs. This feature can be used to make synchronisations to a grid that is measured. For example, for line synchronisation purposes you can use APFIFF44 LineSynch II Application. That will work as a smooth starter.

In Grid Converter application this can be used:

-To synchronise to existing external grid while the drive is running to enable bumpless transfer from a generator operation to a shore powered operation in a ship.

-To control the grid voltage (Voltage losses compensation).

-To enable a zero power connection to an existing grid.

-To help in the commissioning of drive active power and reactive power voltage losses compensation when the actual grid voltage is visible in NCDrive.

The OPT-D7 board is delivered with a measurement transformer (690 :11,5) which is suitable for a voltage range up to 690 Vac. The measurement transformer cannot be connected directly to drive output terminal since it can’t measure pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage input.

It is possible to use a customised transformer when the input voltage to be measured is not within the OPT-D7 transformer voltage range. The transformation ratio parameter can be adjusted according to the transformer primary to secondary ratio. See details in the OPT-D7 user manual.

Synchronisation to the grid can be made without the OPT-D7 when the drive operates in the AFE or the Micro Grid mode. This requires that the output terminals of the drive are connected to the existing grid when the drive is in the STOP state. When a start command has been given in AFE or Micro Grid mode, the drive will make standard AFE synchronisation. Depending on the operation mode, the drive will start to keep constant DC voltage (AFE) or start to share power based on grid frequency (Micro Grid). Using OPT-D7 for synchronisation will make the start of the drive smoother.

If the drive does not detect an existing line voltage or frequency in Micro Grid mode, the output voltage is raised defined time (VoltageRiseTime). In the Island mode, the detection of the grid is not made and the voltage is raised from zero in the set time (VoltageRiseTime).

NOTE: The OPT-D7 board (in slot C) is mandatory for the Grid Converter unit.

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28 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

-

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arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes	VACON® · 29

4.Control I/O

4.1Slot A and Slot B terminals

Table 1. Minimum recommended I/O configuration.

OPT-A1

Terminal

Signal

Description

1

+10Vref

Reference voltage output

Voltage for potentiometer, etc.

2

AI1+

Analogue input 1.

Input range selected by jumpers.

Range 0-10V, Ri = 200

Default range: Voltage 0 – 10 V

Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250

3

AI1-

I/O Ground

Ground for reference and controls

4

AI2+

Analogue input 2.

Input range selected by jumpers.

5

AI2-

Range 0-10V, Ri = 200

Default range: Current 0 – 20 mA

Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250

6

+24V

Control voltage output

Voltage for switches, etc. max 0.1 A

7

GND

I/O ground

Ground for reference and controls

8

DIN1

Programmable G2.2.1

9

DIN2

Programmable G2.2.1

10

DIN3

Programmable G2.2.1

11

CMA

Common for DIN 1– DIN 3

Connect to GND or +24V

12

+24V

Control voltage output

Voltage for switches (see #6)

13

GND

I/O ground

Ground for reference and controls

14

DIN4

MCB Feedback

0 = MCB open

Programmable G2.2.1

1 = MCB closed

15

DIN5

Quick Stop

0 = Quick Stop Active

Programmable G2.2.1

1 = No Quick Stop

16

DIN6

Programmable G2.2.1

17

CMB

Common for DIN4– DIN6

Connect to GND or +24V

18

AO1+

Analogue output 1

Programmable

19

AO1-

Range 0– 20 mA/RL, max. 500

20

DO1

Digital output

Programmable P2.3.1.1

READY

Open collector, I 50mA, U 48 VDC

OPT-A2

21

RO1

Relay output 1

Switching capacity

22

RO1

Programmable P2.3.1.2

24 VDC / 8 A

23

RO1

250 VAC / 8A

125 VDC / 0.4 A

24

RO2

Relay output 2

This RO is not programmable.

25

RO2

MCB control

Fixed for MCB Control (Close)

26

RO2

4.2 Terminal To Function (TTF)

The programming principle of the input and output signals in the Grid Converter Application is different compared to the conventional method used in other VACON® NX applications.

In the conventional programming method, Function to Terminal Programming Method (FTT), you have a fixed input or output that you define a certain function for. The applications mentioned above, however, use the Terminal to Function Programming method (TTF) in which the programming pro¬cess is carried out the other way round: Functions appear as parameters which the operator defines a certain input/output for.

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30 · VACON®	arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes

4.1 Defining inputs and outputs

Connecting a certain input or output with a certain function (parameter) is done by giving the parameter an appropriate value. The value is formed of the Board slot on the VACON® NX control board (see VACON® NX User Manual) and the respective signal number, see below.

READY

I/Oterm

Function name AI Ref Faul/Warn

DigOUT:B.1

Slot	Terminal number
Terminal type

Example: You want to connect the digital output function Reference fault/warning (parameter 2.3.3.7) to the digital output DO1 on the basic board NXOPTA1 (see VACON® NX User Manual).

First find the parameter 2.3.3.7 on the keypad. Press the Menu button right once to enter the edit mode. On the value line, you will see the terminal type on the left (DigIN, DigOUT, An.IN, An.OUT) and on the right, the present input/output the function is connected to (B.3, A.2 etc.), or if not connected, a value (0.#).

When the value is blinking, hold down the Browser button up or down to find the desired board slot and signal number. The program will scroll the board slots starting from 0 and proceeding from A to E and the I/O selection from 1 to 10.

Once you have set the desired value, press the Enter button once to confirm the change.

READY	READY	READY
I/Oterm	I/Oterm	I/Oterm

AI Ref Faul/Warn	AI Ref Faul/Warn				AI Ref Faul/Warn				enter
DigOUT:0.0	DigOUT:0.0				DigOUT:B.1

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