Danfoss vacon nx apfiff106 Grid Converter with General Grid Codes Application guide
vacon
ac drives
®
nx
arfif106
Grid Converter
with General Grid Codes
Application manual
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes VACON® · 3
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Table of contents
Document: DPD01978A
Software code: ARFIF106V128
Version release date: 4.6.2021
1. General ................................ ................................................................................................ .... 9
1.1 AFE Control ............................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Island (Static Power Supply) .................................................................................................. 10
1.3 Micro Grid................................................................................................................................ 11
1.4 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 12
1.5 Compatibility issues in parameters between versions ........................................................ 13
2. Grid Codes ................................ ............................................................................................. 14
2.1 Grid Codes compliance .......................................................................................................... 15
3. Quick start and operation principles ..................................................................................... 17
3.1 Quick start instructions.......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 In case of parallel AFE: .......................................................................................................... 17
3.3 Pre-Charging of DC ................................................................................................................ 19
3.4 Main circuit breaker control (MCB) ....................................................................................... 20
3.5 Start Sequence ....................................................................................................................... 21
3.6 Stop sequence ........................................................................................................................ 22
3.7 Start Stop timing diagram ..................................................................................................... 23
3.8 Start Stop Timing Diagram with Grid Codes......................................................................... 24
3.9 Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode ................................................................. 25
3.10 Operation principle: Isochronous Control Mode .................................................................. 25
3.11 Voltage compensation ............................................................................................................ 26
3.12 OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board ........................................................................ 27
4. Control I/O ............................................................................................................................. 29
4.1 Slot A and Slot B terminals .................................................................................................... 29
4.2 Terminal To Function (TTF) ................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Defining inputs and outputs ................................................................................................... 30
4.1 Defining a terminal in NCDrive .............................................................................................. 31
5. Monitoring signals ................................................................................................................. 32
5.1 Monitoring value tables.......................................................................................................... 32
5.1.1 Monitoring values 1 .................................................................................................... 32
5.1.2 Monitoring values 2 .................................................................................................... 34
5.1.3 Fieldbus monitoring values ....................................................................................... 34
5.1.4 I/O monitoring values ................................................................................................. 35
5.1.5 Master / Follower ....................................................................................................... 35
5.1.6 Licence activation status ........................................................................................... 35
5.1.7 Grid Code .................................................................................................................... 36
5.1.8 PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... 36
5.1.9 Active Limits ............................................................................................................... 36
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5.1.10 Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 36
5.2 Description of monitoring values .......................................................................................... 37
5.2.1 Monitoring 1 values .................................................................................................... 37
5.2.2 Monitoring 2 values .................................................................................................... 39
5.2.3 Fieldbus monitoring values ....................................................................................... 41
5.2.4 I/O monitoring values ................................................................................................. 47
5.2.5 Master Follower ......................................................................................................... 48
5.2.5.1 Currents ..................................................................................................................................... 49
5.2.5.2 Statuses ..................................................................................................................................... 50
5.2.6 Licence activation status ........................................................................................... 51
5.2.7 Grid Code .................................................................................................................... 52
5.2.8 PI Power Controller ................................................................................................... 57
5.2.9 Active Limits ............................................................................................................... 57
5.2.10 Line Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 57
6. Parameter list ........................................................................................................................ 58
6.1 Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... 58
6.2 Reference handling ................................................................................................................ 58
6.2.1 DC Reference Tuning ................................................................................................. 59
6.2.2 Power / Frequency reference ................................................................................... 59
6.2.2.1 PID Power Controller for AFE ...................................................................................................... 60
6.2.2.2 High Frequency Power Reference ............................................................................................... 60
6.2.2.3 Low Frequency Power Reference ................................................................................................ 60
6.2.3 Reactive Reference .................................................................................................... 61
6.2.4 AC voltage reference ................................................................................................. 61
6.3 Ramp control .......................................................................................................................... 61
6.4 Input signals ........................................................................................................................... 62
6.4.1 Basic settings ............................................................................................................. 62
6.4.2 Digital inputs .............................................................................................................. 63
6.4.3 Analogue input 1 ........................................................................................................ 64
6.4.4 Analogue input 2 ........................................................................................................ 64
6.4.5 Analogue input 3 ........................................................................................................ 65
6.4.6 Analogue input 4 ........................................................................................................ 65
6.5 Output signals ......................................................................................................................... 66
6.5.1 Digital output signals ................................................................................................. 66
6.5.2 Delayed DO 1 .............................................................................................................. 67
6.5.3 Delayed DO 2 .............................................................................................................. 67
6.5.4 Analogue output 1 ...................................................................................................... 68
6.5.5 Analogue output 2 ...................................................................................................... 69
6.5.6 Analogue output 3 ...................................................................................................... 70
6.5.7 Options ........................................................................................................................ 70
6.6 Limit settings .......................................................................................................................... 71
6.6.1 Current limit ............................................................................................................... 71
6.6.2 Power limit ................................................................................................................. 71
6.6.3 Frequency limit .......................................................................................................... 71
6.6.4 Micro Grid ................................................................................................................... 71
6.6.5 DC voltage ................................................................................................................... 72
6.7 Drive control ........................................................................................................................... 72
6.7.1 AFE control ................................................................................................................. 72
6.7.2 Identification ............................................................................................................... 73
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6.7.3 Active Compensation ................................................................................................. 73
6.8 Master/Follower ..................................................................................................................... 73
6.9 Protections .............................................................................................................................. 74
6.9.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 74
6.9.2 PT-100 ......................................................................................................................... 75
6.9.3 Earth fault ................................................................................................................... 75
6.9.4 Fieldbus fault .............................................................................................................. 75
6.9.5 External fault .............................................................................................................. 76
6.9.6 Grid voltage D7 ........................................................................................................... 76
6.9.7 Grid frequency ............................................................................................................ 76
6.9.8 Supply Voltage ............................................................................................................ 76
6.9.9 Over Load .................................................................................................................... 77
6.9.10 opt-d7 protections ...................................................................................................... 77
6.9.11 Cooling protection ...................................................................................................... 77
6.9.12 Extra ............................................................................................................................ 77
6.10 Fieldbus ................................................................................................................................... 78
6.11 Micro Grid................................................................................................................................ 80
6.12 Synchronisation to external grid ........................................................................................... 81
6.13 Reserved ................................................................................................................................. 81
6.14 ID control functions ................................................................................................................ 82
6.14.1 Value control .............................................................................................................. 82
6.14.2 DIN ID control 1 .......................................................................................................... 82
6.14.3 DIN ID control 2 .......................................................................................................... 82
6.14.4 DIN ID control 3 .......................................................................................................... 83
6.14.5 DIN ID control 4 .......................................................................................................... 83
6.14.6 ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... 83
6.14.7 ID Controlled Digital Output 1 ................................................................................... 83
6.15 Auto Fault reset ...................................................................................................................... 83
6.16 Grid voltage PI ........................................................................................................................ 84
6.17 Grid Code parameters ............................................................................................................ 85
6.17.1 Anti-islanding ............................................................................................................. 85
6.17.2 FRT (Fault Ride-Through) .......................................................................................... 85
6.17.2.1 FRT Timer ................................................................................................................................... 85
6.17.3 Reconnection .............................................................................................................. 86
6.17.4 Line Voltage trip limits ............................................................................................... 87
6.17.5 Line Frequency trip limits ......................................................................................... 88
6.17.6 Dynamic reactive current injection ........................................................................... 89
6.17.6.1 Linear Under Voltage .................................................................................................................. 89
6.17.6.2 Linear Over Voltage .................................................................................................................... 89
6.17.6.3 Power Lock Under Voltage ......................................................................................................... 89
6.17.6.4 Power Lock In/Out Over Voltage ................................................................................................. 89
6.17.6.5 Dynamic Grid Support ................................................................................................................ 90
6.17.7 Reactive power control .............................................................................................. 91
6.17.7.1 Q(U) Power ................................................................................................................................ 91
6.17.7.2 Q(U) Curve ................................................................................................................................. 91
6.17.7.3 Q(P) curve .................................................................................................................................. 91
6.17.8 Power Limit/Reference.............................................................................................. 92
6.17.8.1 High Frequency Power Limit ....................................................................................................... 92
6.17.8.2 High Voltage Power Limit ........................................................................................................... 92
6.17.8.3 Low Voltage Charge Limit ........................................................................................................... 92
6.17.8.4 Low Frequency Charge Limit ....................................................................................................... 93
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6.17.9 Power Reference ........................................................................................................ 94
6.17.9.1 Low Frequency Power Reference ................................................................................................ 94
6.17.9.2 High Frequency Power Reference ............................................................................................... 94
6.17.9.3 High Voltage Power Reference ................................................................................................... 94
6.17.10 Cos Phii Control.......................................................................................................... 95
6.17.10.1 Voltage Log In Log Out................................................................................................................ 95
6.17.10.2 Active Current ............................................................................................................................ 95
6.17.11 External Input ............................................................................................................. 95
6.17.12 Limited Grid Support.................................................................................................. 95
6.17.13 Options ........................................................................................................................ 96
6.18 Keypad control (Control panel: menu M3) ............................................................................ 97
6.19 System menu (Control panel: menu M6) .............................................................................. 97
6.20 Expander boards (Control panel: menu M7) ........................................................................ 97
7. Description of parameters..................................................................................................... 98
7.1 Basic parameters ................................................................................................................... 98
7.1.1 Transformer parameters ........................................................................................ 100
7.2 Reference handling .............................................................................................................. 101
7.2.1 DC Reference Tuning ............................................................................................... 103
7.2.2 Power /frequency reference ................................................................................... 104
7.2.2.1 PID Power Controller ................................................................................................................ 108
7.2.2.2 High Frequency Power Reference AFE Operation ...................................................................... 111
7.2.2.3 Low Frequency Power Reference AFE operation ....................................................................... 113
7.2.3 Reactive Reference Tuning ...................................................................................... 115
7.2.4 AC Voltage Reference .............................................................................................. 116
7.3 Ramp control ........................................................................................................................ 119
7.4 Input signals ......................................................................................................................... 120
7.4.1 Basic settings ........................................................................................................... 120
7.4.2 Digital input signals ................................................................................................. 122
7.4.2.1 Synchronization to external grid ............................................................................................... 123
7.4.2.2 Forced control place ................................................................................................................. 125
7.4.3 Analogue inputs 1-4 ................................................................................................. 127
7.4.3.1 Analogue input to any parameter ............................................................................................. 129
7.5 Output signals ....................................................................................................................... 130
7.5.1 Digital output signals ............................................................................................... 130
7.5.1.1 Fieldbus digital inputs connection............................................................................................. 131
7.5.2 Delayed digital output 1 & 2 .................................................................................... 132
7.5.3 Analogue output 1 & 2 & 3 ....................................................................................... 134
7.5.4 Options ...................................................................................................................... 138
7.6 Limit settings ........................................................................................................................ 139
7.6.1 Current limits ........................................................................................................... 139
7.6.2 Power limits.............................................................................................................. 143
7.6.3 Frequency limits....................................................................................................... 144
7.6.4 Micro Grid limits ....................................................................................................... 145
7.6.5 DC voltage regulators .............................................................................................. 146
7.7 Drive control ......................................................................................................................... 148
7.7.1 AFE Control .............................................................................................................. 151
7.7.2 Identification ............................................................................................................. 153
7.7.3 Active Compensation ............................................................................................... 153
7.8 Master/Follower ................................................................................................................... 154
7.9 Protections ............................................................................................................................ 156
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7.9.1 General settings ....................................................................................................... 156
7.9.2 PT-100 ....................................................................................................................... 159
7.9.2.1 Individual channel monitoring .................................................................................................. 160
7.9.3 Earth fault ................................................................................................................. 161
7.9.4 Fieldbus .................................................................................................................... 161
7.9.5 External fault ............................................................................................................ 162
7.9.6 Grid voltage D7 ......................................................................................................... 163
7.9.7 Grid frequency .......................................................................................................... 165
7.9.8 Supply voltage .......................................................................................................... 166
7.9.9 Over Load Protection ............................................................................................... 168
7.9.10 D7 protections .......................................................................................................... 169
7.9.11 Cooling protection .................................................................................... 170
7.9.12 Extra .......................................................................................................................... 170
7.10 Fieldbus ................................................................................................................................. 172
7.11 Micro Grid (uGrid) ................................................................................................................. 174
7.11.1 Generator Simulation .............................................................................................. 176
7.11.2 AFE operation mode selection ................................................................................ 177
7.12 Synch to external grid .......................................................................................................... 178
7.13 Reserved ............................................................................................................................... 179
7.14 ID functions ........................................................................................................................... 179
7.14.1 Value control ............................................................................................................ 179
7.14.2 DIN ID control ........................................................................................................... 181
7.14.3 ID Controlled Digital Output .................................................................................... 183
7.15 Auto Fault Reset ................................................................................................................... 184
7.16 Grid voltage PI controller ..................................................................................................... 185
7.16.1 Grid voltage PI OPT-D7 limits ................................................................................. 185
7.17 Grid Code parameters .......................................................................................................... 186
7.17.1 Anti-Islanding ........................................................................................................... 187
7.17.2 FRT (Fault Ride-Through) ........................................................................................ 189
7.17.2.1 FRT Timer ................................................................................................................................. 191
7.17.3 Reconnection ............................................................................................................ 193
7.17.3.1 Line OK Limits........................................................................................................................... 193
7.17.4 Line Voltage trip limits ............................................................................................. 194
7.17.5 Line Frequency trip limits ....................................................................................... 198
7.17.6 Reactive current injection (dynamic) ...................................................................... 200
7.17.6.1 Linear reference under voltage ................................................................................................. 201
7.17.6.2 Linear reference over voltage ................................................................................................... 202
7.17.6.3 Power Lock In and Out Reference under voltage. ...................................................................... 204
7.17.6.4 Power Lock In and Out Reference over voltage. ........................................................................ 207
7.17.6.5 Dynamic Grid Support .............................................................................................................. 210
7.17.7 Reactive Power Control ........................................................................................... 212
7.17.7.1 Q(U) Power .............................................................................................................................. 212
7.17.7.2 Q(U) Curve ............................................................................................................................... 213
7.17.7.3 Q(P) Curve ................................................................................................................................ 214
7.17.8 Power Limit .............................................................................................................. 215
7.17.8.1 High Frequency Power Limit ..................................................................................................... 216
7.17.8.2 High Frequency Power Limit with absolute high frequency limit................................................ 218
7.17.8.3 High Voltage Power Limit ......................................................................................................... 219
7.17.8.4 Low Voltage Charge Limit ......................................................................................................... 221
7.17.8.5 Low Frequency Charge Limit ..................................................................................................... 222
7.17.9 Power Reference ...................................................................................................... 224
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7.17.9.1 Low Frequency Power Reference .............................................................................................. 224
7.17.9.2 High Frequency Power Reference ............................................................................................. 226
7.17.9.3 High Voltage Power Reference ................................................................................................. 228
7.17.10 Cos Phii Control........................................................................................................ 229
7.17.10.1 Lock In and Out control ............................................................................................................ 229
7.17.10.2 Cos Phii Active Current Control ................................................................................................. 230
7.17.11 External Input ........................................................................................................... 231
7.17.12 Limited Grid Support................................................................................................ 231
7.17.13 Grid Code Options .................................................................................................... 232
8. Keypad control parameters ................................................................................................. 234
9. FB Status and control in detail ............................................................................................ 235
9.1 FB DC Reference .................................................................................................................. 235
9.2 State machine: Basic............................................................................................................ 236
9.2.1 FB Control Word Basic ............................................................................................ 236
9.3 State Machine: Standard ...................................................................................................... 237
9.3.1 Control Word: Standard ........................................................................................... 237
9.4 State machine: Vacon AFE 1 ................................................................................................ 238
9.4.1 Control Word: Vacon AFE 1 ..................................................................................... 238
9.1 State machine: Vacon AFE 2 ................................................................................................ 239
9.1.1 Control Word: Vacon AFE 2 Profile (3) .................................................................... 239
9.2 FB Status Word ..................................................................................................................... 241
10. Problem solving ................................................................................................................... 243
11. Commissioning .................................................................................................................... 244
11.1 Open loop voltage compensation ........................................................................................ 244
11.1.1 Parameters affect .................................................................................................... 244
11.1.2 No load tuning .......................................................................................................... 244
11.1.3 Tuning on the fly ....................................................................................................... 244
11.1.4 Tuning with load bank .............................................................................................. 245
11.1.5 Tuning against strong grid ...................................................................................... 245
11.1.6 Closed Loop Voltage Control ................................................................................... 245
12. Fault codes .......................................................................................................................... 246
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1. General
This application is not kept backwards compatible. See chapter Compatibility issues before you
update the application. The Grid Converter application is used to make AC grids with a possibility to
operate in parallel with other power sources. The Grid Converter application has three different
operation modes and only AFE mode supports grid codes:
- AFE mode with and without grid codes activated.
- Island mode (no grid code support).
- Micro Grid mode (no grid code support).
1.1 AFE Control
AFE function keeps constant DC voltage. AFE mode transfers power between DC and AC. AFE
cannot create grid by itself, it needs to be connected to existing grid.
Utility Grid
T1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
D Y
T2
MCB Control
Figure 1.
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1.2 Island (Static Power Supply)
Island mode generates constant voltage and frequency. In island mode DC Voltage is not controlled.
Island mode cannot operate in parallel with other power sources in AC side, because the drive will
not balance reactive or active power with other power sources.
DC voltage level needs to be considered to have correct voltage on AC side in different load
situations, considering voltage losses in LCL filter and in transformer.
Utility Grid
T1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
D Y
T2
MCB Control
Figure 2.
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1.3 Micro Grid
Micro Grid mode controls the grid voltage and frequency. It functions like an ordinary generator.
Micro Grid mode does not control DC Voltage.
With the help of voltage droop and frequency droop, more than one Micro Grid and/or Generators
can work together.
Q1
Utility Grid
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
T1
S1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
G1
Q2
U4
U5
U3
T1
D7
D Y
T2
D Y
T2
MCB Control
MCB Control
Figure 3.
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1.4 Acronyms
AC = Alternating Current
AI = Analogue Input
AIO
=
All-In-One Applications
AM = Asynchronous Motor
ASIC
=
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
CL = Closed Loop
DC = Direct Current
DI = Digital Input
DO = Digital Output
DS = DriveSynch
FB = Field Bus
FFT
=
Function To Terminal
FW = Firmware
FWP
=
Field Weakening Point
FWPV
=
Field Weakening Point Voltage
GE = Greater or Egual
HW = Hardware
I/f
=
Current / Frequency
Id = Magnetization Current
IGBT
=
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
INV
=
Inversion
Iq = Torque Producing Current
k-factor
=
Reactive relation to voltage. k = (Δiq/In)/(ΔU/Un)
LT = Less Than
MF = Master-Follower
OL = Open Loop
OV = Over Voltage
PID
=
Proportional Integral Derivative
PM = Permanent Magnet
PMS
=
Power Management System
PMSM
=
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
PU = Per Unit
RO = Relay Output
RS = Reset Set
SB = System Bus
Sep.Ex SM
=
Separately Excitated Synchronous Motor
SM = Synchronous Machine
SPC
=
Speed Control
SQS
=
Safe Quick Stop
SR = Set Reset
SRM
=
Synchronous Reluctance Motor
SS1
=
Safe Stop 1
STO
=
Safe Torque Off
SW = Software
TC = Torque Control
TC = Time Constant
TTF
=
Terminal To Function
U/f
=
Voltage / Frequency
UV = Under Voltage
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1.5 Compatibility issues in parameters between versions
Update Note 1: This application parameters are not kept backwards compatible if new features or
improvements would be difficult to implement by doing so. Read this change note and chapter
“Compatibility issues in parameters between versions” from manual before updating the application.
Update Note 2: It’s recommended to use compare function for parameter changes when updating
application, especially in cases when version number change is considerably high.
Application is constantly developed; this includes changing parameter default values, and if
parameters are directly downloaded to drive improved default values may be lost.
V122
14 · VACON® arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes
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2. Grid Codes
In AFE mode Grid Codes are available (Island mode and uGrid mode do not support Grid Codes).
To use Grid Codes, OPT-D7 is needed along with P2.17.1 Grid Code license.
Grid Codes are enabled with P2.17.3 EnableGridCode selection 2 / Enabled, whole parameter group
G2.17 is dedicated for grid code settings, by default, no grid code functionalises area active other
than unspecific frequency and voltage level tripping limits.
NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.
In case of upper system is controlling the breaker, the upper system will need certification.
Utility Grid
T1
Q1
U4
U3
U5
=
~
Filter
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
S1
D Y
T2
MCB Control
arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes VACON® · 15
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2.1 Grid Codes compliance
UL1741,
UL1741SA,
IEEE1547:2003,
IEEE1547.1:2005;
California Rule21,
Hawaii 14H
(USA/Canada)
ENTSO-e
Regulation
2016/031 of 14 of
April 2016
(Europe)
IEC62116:2014
(Anti-islanding)
(International)
EN50549-1:2019
EN50549-2:2019
(estimated April
2021)
(Europe)
VDE-AR-N-4105,
VDE-AR-N-
4110,
VDE-AR-N-4120
(Germany)
NXP2V200
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V203
or later
ARFIF106 V103
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
CH63
CH64
2xCH64
FI12
FI13
FI14
CH5
CH61
CH62
Electric connection Grid
codes and Electrical
Safety standards
System software
Application software
FI9
FI10
16 · VACON® arfif106 Grid Converter + Grid Codes
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FGW TG3 rev
24,
FGW TG4 rev 8,
FGW TG8 rev 7
(Germany /
BDEW)
CEI 0-16: 04-
2019,
CEI 0-21: 04-
2019
(Italy)
Regulation
2016/631 of 14 of
April 2016;
(France)
IEC62109-1;
IEC62109-2;
AS/NZS
4777.2:2015
(PV)(Australia)
PEA (Thailand)
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V203
or later
NXP2V200
or later
NXP2V203
or later
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
ARFIF106
V104 or V121
or later release
ARFIF106
V121 or later
release
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
400VAC
600VAC
FI13
FI14
CH5
CH63
CH64
2xCH64
CH61
CH62
Electric connection Grid
codes and Electrical
Safety standards
System software
Application software
FI9
FI10
FI12
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3. Quick start and operation principles
NOTE! Before you start the commissioning, read the safety instructions in the user manual of your
product.
To use the Island, Micro Grid, or Shaft generator operation, you need a licence key. The AFE mode
is available without a licence.
This application requires an NXP3 control board VB761 or newer.
The control place (P3.1) of the Grid Converter drive is Keypad as a default.
The basic I/O configuration of the Grid Converter drive consists of OPT-A1, OPT-A2, and OPT-D7
option boards. The basic I/O configuration is described in Table 1.
OPT-D7 is required when the Grid Converter unit is needed to start with zero power to the grid. If
grid frequency is not monitored with OPT-D7, the unit may go generator side or directly to full power
because different reference frequency and grid frequency.
The Grid Converter is utilised by using AFE hardware with special software. An external LC(L)-filter
and charging circuit is needed. This unit is selected when low harmonics are required. The principle
connection of AFE drive has been described in Figure 4.
The external 24 Vdc is recommended for control board(s). It enables the setting of parameters even
when the power unit itself is not powered. This is important also when software updates are made.
Some default I/O configuration of the application can cause unexpected DO operation. When the
control board is powered, the drive can give information from the status of the system if, for example,
the drive I/O is used for an overall system monitoring.
The external 24 Vdc is required for the drives in cases where the start command starts the control
board-controlled precharging operation.
3.1 Quick start instructions
1. Connect the unit according to the Figure 4.
2. Power up the control unit with 24 Vdc.
3. Set the basic parameters (G2.1)
4. Check that the digital input parameters (G2.4.2) have been set according to the connections.
5. Change the control place according to the system requirements.
6. Charge the unit.
3.2 In case of parallel AFE:
1. Set P2.1.5 Parallel AFE to Yes. This will also set DC Drooping to 3.00% (Default).
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Figure 4. Connection
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3.3 Pre-Charging of DC
This AFE application has its own charging control, P2.5.1.13 DC Charge (24 Vdc required for control
board) and charging protection in case the external charging cannot get DC voltage to required level
within set time P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time (provided that the DC Voltage reaches the under voltage
fault level).
The charging function is activated when P2.5.1.13 DC Charge is A.1 or higher. When the control
place is IO, Keypad or NCDrive, charging is started from the start command.
Charging is not started if:
- Drive is in fault state.
- P2.4.2.26 Enable CB Close is FALSE
- P2.4.2.8 Run Enable is FALSE
- P2.4.2.19 Quick Stop is FALSE
Charging is also stopped if above conditions occur during charging or if the start command is
removed.
For fieldbus control, charging is started with B0 of FB Control Word on the supporting FB profiles.
Charging is also stopped if B0 goes low. Also MCB is opened if already closed.
DC Charge (F80) is given if 85 % of DC Nominal is not reached within P2.9.1.6 Charge Max Time
and charging is stopped.
DC Charging is stopped when the drive receives feedback from P2.4.2.4 MCB Feedback.
NOTE! Use suitably sized DC Charging resistor. To select the correct size, check Pulse loadability
for time duration set in for Max Charge Time parameter.
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3.4 Main circuit breaker control (MCB)
The Grid Converter application controls the circuit breaker of the system with the relay output RO2.
When the DC bus is charged, the MCB will be closed. The status of the MCB is monitored via a
digital input. The digital input used for monitoring is selected with parameter P2.3.1.3. Faults can be
set to open the MCB by selecting a response to a fault to be 3=Fault, DC OFF.
An external charging circuit is necessary to charge the DC bus but drive can control this circuit if 24
Vdc is provided for the control board.
Closing limit is 85% of the nominal DC Voltage.
Opening limit is 75% of the nominal DC Voltage.
Nominal DC Voltage for the Grid Converter is adjusted with System Nominal DC parameter P2.1.7
ID1805.
Over Current (F1), Hardware IGBT (F31) and Software IGBT (F41) faults will open MCB immediately
to protect the drive.
For Grid Code use its recommended to have breaker that mechanical opening delay is less than 30
ms when clearing times are less than 200 ms also use early brake auxiliary contact as accessory to
breaker of contact.
NOTE! Drive Grid Codes are compliant only when drive itself is controlling the MCB.
NOTE! The MCB feedback is necessary for the correct operation of the Grid Converter application.
NOTE! Only the drive controls its own MCB. If additional interlocks or opening commands are
needed, these commands must go through the drive.
NOTE! UPS may be needed during short circuit situation to keep MCB closed if control voltage is
taken from the grid where the short circuit occurs.
NOTE! Missing feedback signal prevent drive going to ready state. MCB Feedback can be monitored
from Status Word B10.
NOTE! If feedback is not used there will be three second forced delay on internally generated MCB
feedback signal. MCB Feedback can be monitored from Status Word B10.
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3.5 Start Sequence
In uGrid mode synchronization to main is done also but if grid is not found drive will make the grid. In
Island mode drive will make the grid immediately without synchronization to the grid.
Ready to switch on
Charge DC-
Link
DC-Link
> 85 %
NO
Close Main
Contactor
YES
Main Contactor
Closed
YES
NO
MCC Fault
Fault Rese t
Run Enable
Ready To Run
NO
Start Signal
YES
NO
Synchronize with
mains
Synch O K
NO
YES
Line Synch Fault
F10
Running
Start
Figure 5. AFE start sequence
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3.6 Stop sequence
Modulating
MCB Closed
No
F64 A4
Open MCB
No
Yes
Yes
Stop Modulation
(If Run State)
Open MCB
Stop Request MCB Closed
No
F64 A2
(If DC > 85 %)
(Delayed)
Yes
MCB Closed
No
Yes
F64 A3
(Delayed)
End
Figure 6. Stop sequence
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3.7 Start Stop timing diagram
DC Voltage
Charge Control
MCB Feedback
MCB Close Control
MCB Close level
Stable DC
Ready
IO Start
Run
FB CW.B00
Control in
FB Control
FB CW.B03
Contro in
IO Control
P. Start Delay
IO MCB Open
Command
Above example when “Standard” state machine is used. With “Basic” state machine operation
is like in IO Control.
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3.8 Start Stop Timing Diagram with Grid Codes
Main Circuit Breaker
Feedback
Main Circuit Breaker
Close Control
Ready State of
Inverter
Start Request
To Inverter
Run
(Modulating)
Line Frequency
and Voltage OK
P. Line OK Delay
P. Start Delay
Grid Code Trip
P. ReConnect
Time
Start
Synchronization
Start
Synchronization
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3.9 Operation principle: Droop Speed Control Mode
When the power demand increases, all generators on the grid allow frequency to droop. This will
balance the load between all the generators on the grid. Then the power management system gives
all generators a command to increase frequency so that the grid frequency is maintained at its
nominal value.
When the load is reducing on the grid, the frequency of the generators will increase, and the power
management system gives a command to decrease frequency.
+1%
+2%
+3%
+4%
-1%
-2%
-3%
-4%
50,5 Hz
51,0 Hz
51,5 Hz
52,0 Hz
48,0 Hz
48,5 Hz
49,0 Hz
49,5 Hz
50,0 Hz
Loading
Un-loading
Drooping
Freq. Change
25% 50% 75% 100%
Related
Load
Figure 7.
3.10 Operation principle: Isochronous Control Mode
In the isochronous control mode, the Micro Grid frequency reference is kept the same as the grid
frequency with help of OPT-D7. This will keep power at zero regardless of grid frequency. While
drive operates in drooping mode, the actual power is controlled by base current reference. This
reference needs to be controller by power management system (PMS) that will handle power sharing
between different machines on the grid.
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3.11 Voltage compensation
Grid Converter system will have voltage losses. Depending on the system, the losses may be more
than 50 Vac when operating close to Grid Converter nominal currents with low power factor between
points U3 and U5. This voltage loss needs to be compensated so that the grid voltage stays at
nominal. This also sets requirements for the needed DC link voltage.
Q1
T2
U4
U3
U5
UDCU2
=
~
=
~
Filter
Filter
SG
U1
Q2
U4 = Transf. GC Side
U5 = Transf. Grid Side
D7
T1
S1
MCB Control
Utility Grid
50 Hz
60 Hz
Figure 8. Voltage compensation
The normal operation voltage range in a land-based grid is usually between 80% and 115% of the
grid nominal voltage.
The voltage losses compensation is handled separately for Active power (kW) and Reactive power
(kVar), the latter being more significant. The Active power voltage losses are compensated with
Inductor Losses parameter (P2.2.6.6) and Reactive power voltage losses are compensated with
Inductor Size parameter (P2.2.6.5).
Uncompensated system may result in unnecessary reactive power circulation in a grid between the
different power sources and wrong grid voltage.
OPT-D7 can be used to compensate the voltage losses (closed loop voltage compensation) but it is
recommended to do an open loop voltage compensation tuning in case of OPT-D7 failure. When the
OPT-D7 measurements exceed the set limit values, the voltage compensation falls back to open
loop control.
Inductor Size and Losses affect
Grid Nom. Voltage: 400 Vac, Reactive Current: 30%, Active Current 50%, Inductor
Size: 15%, Inductor Losses: 15%, Voltage Correction: 0 Vac.
Reactive Increase: 400 Vac×30%×15%=18 Vac
Active Increase: 400 Vac Increase or Losses: 15% 400 Vac×50%×15%×15%=4.5 Vac
Total increase: 18 Vac+4.5 Vac =22.5 Vac
See also chapter 10.1 Open Loop Voltage Compensation.
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3.12 OPT-D7 voltage measurement option board
OPTD7 is an AC sinusoidal voltage measurement board. Using this board, the drive measures the
line voltage, the frequency and the voltage angle information.
Grid Codes cannot be used or activated without correctly connected OPT-D7 board and Grid Code
functionality is only available when drive is operating in AFE mode.
Measurement accuracies of OPT-D7 board
Frequency Accuracy: ±0,05 Hz
Voltage Accuracy: ±2,5% from full range.
The drive can compare this information with its output voltage angle when it runs. This feature can
be used to make synchronisations to a grid that is measured. For example, for line synchronisation
purposes you can use APFIFF44 LineSynch II Application. That will work as a smooth starter.
In Grid Converter application this can be used:
- To synchronise to existing external grid while the drive is running to enable bumpless transfer
from a generator operation to a shore powered operation in a ship.
- To control the grid voltage (Voltage losses compensation).
- To enable a zero power connection to an existing grid.
- To help in the commissioning of drive active power and reactive power voltage losses
compensation when the actual grid voltage is visible in NCDrive.
The OPT-D7 board is delivered with a measurement transformer (690 :11,5) which is suitable for a
voltage range up to 690 Vac. The measurement transformer cannot be connected directly to drive
output terminal since it can’t measure pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage input.
It is possible to use a customised transformer when the input voltage to be measured is not within
the OPT-D7 transformer voltage range. The transformation ratio parameter can be adjusted
according to the transformer primary to secondary ratio. See details in the OPT-D7 user manual.
Synchronisation to the grid can be made without the OPT-D7 when the drive operates in the AFE or
the Micro Grid mode. This requires that the output terminals of the drive are connected to the
existing grid when the drive is in the STOP state. When a start command has been given in AFE or
Micro Grid mode, the drive will make standard AFE synchronisation. Depending on the operation
mode, the drive will start to keep constant DC voltage (AFE) or start to share power based on grid
frequency (Micro Grid). Using OPT-D7 for synchronisation will make the start of the drive smoother.
If the drive does not detect an existing line voltage or frequency in Micro Grid mode, the output
voltage is raised defined time (VoltageRiseTime). In the Island mode, the detection of the grid is not
made and the voltage is raised from zero in the set time (VoltageRiseTime).
NOTE: The OPT-D7 board (in slot C) is mandatory for the Grid Converter unit.
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4. Control I/O
4.1 Slot A and Slot B terminals
Table 1. Minimum recommended I/O configuration.
OPT-A1
Terminal
Signal
Description
1
+10V
ref
Reference voltage output
Voltage for potentiometer, etc.
2
AI1+
Analogue input 1.
Range 0-10V, Ri = 200
Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250
Input range selected by jumpers.
Default range: Voltage 0 – 10 V
3
AI1-
I/O Ground
Ground for reference and controls
4
AI2+
Analogue input 2.
Range 0-10V, Ri = 200
Range 0-20 mA Ri = 250
Input range selected by jumpers.
Default range: Current 0 – 20 mA
5
AI2-
6
+24V
Control voltage output
Voltage for switches, etc. max 0.1 A
7
GND
I/O ground
Ground for reference and controls
8
DIN1
Programmable G2.2.1
9
DIN2
Programmable G2.2.1
10
DIN3
Programmable G2.2.1
11
CMA
Common for DIN 1– DIN 3
Connect to GND or +24V
12
+24V
Control voltage output
Voltage for switches (see #6)
13
GND
I/O ground
Ground for reference and controls
14
DIN4
MCB Feedback
Programmable G2.2.1
0 = MCB open
1 = MCB closed
15
DIN5
Quick Stop
Programmable G2.2.1
0 = Quick Stop Active
1 = No Quick Stop
16
DIN6
Programmable G2.2.1
17
CMB
Common for DIN4– DIN6
Connect to GND or +24V
18
AO1+
Analogue output 1
Programmable
Range 0– 20 mA/RL, max. 500
19
AO1-
20
DO1
Digital output
READY
Programmable P2.3.1.1
Open collector, I50mA, U48 VDC
OPT-A2
21
RO1
Relay output 1
Programmable P2.3.1.2
Switching capacity
24 VDC / 8 A
22
RO1
23
RO1
250 VAC / 8A
125 VDC / 0.4 A
24
RO2
Relay output 2
MCB control
This RO is not programmable.
Fixed for MCB Control (Close)
25
RO2
26
RO2
4.2 Terminal To Function (TTF)
The programming principle of the input and output signals in the Grid Converter Application is
different compared to the conventional method used in other VACON® NX applications.
In the conventional programming method, Function to Terminal Programming Method (FTT), you
have a fixed input or output that you define a certain function for. The applications mentioned above,
however, use the Terminal to Function Programming method (TTF) in which the programming
pro¬cess is carried out the other way round: Functions appear as parameters which the operator
defines a certain input/output for.
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4.1 Defining inputs and outputs
Connecting a certain input or output with a certain function (parameter) is done by giving the
parameter an appropriate value. The value is formed of the Board slot on the VACON® NX control
board (see VACON® NX User Manual) and the respective signal number, see below.
Function name
Slot Terminal number
Terminal type
Example: You want to connect the digital output function Reference fault/warning (parameter
2.3.3.7) to the digital output DO1 on the basic board NXOPTA1 (see VACON® NX User Manual).
First find the parameter 2.3.3.7 on the keypad. Press the Menu button right once to enter the edit
mode. On the value line, you will see the terminal type on the left (DigIN, DigOUT, An.IN, An.OUT)
and on the right, the present input/output the function is connected to (B.3, A.2 etc.), or if not
connected, a value (0.#).
When the value is blinking, hold down the Browser button up or down to find the desired board slot
and signal number. The program will scroll the board slots starting from 0 and proceeding from A to
E and the I/O selection from 1 to 10.
Once you have set the desired value, press the Enter button once to confirm the change.
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:B.1
AI Ref Faul/Warn
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:0.0
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:0.0
READY
I/Oterm
DigOUT:B.1
enter
AI Ref Faul/Warn AI Ref Faul/Warn AI Ref Faul/Warn
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