Market Leading Experience.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Reduced Power Consumption.....................................................................................................................................................6
Trimmed and Standby Fan Speed..............................................................................................................................................7
Wide Range of Components........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Balanced Fan Speed and Heat Generation............................................................................................................................. 8
Fan Drive Systems
Modulating Fan Drive Systems....................................................................................................................................................9
Gear Pump with Gear Motor and PLUS+1TM Fan Drive Controller.................................................................................9
Gear Pump with PLUS+1TM Controller......................................................................................................................................9
Variable Displacement Pump with Fan Drive Control......................................................................................................10
Variable Displacement Pump and HIC Cartridge Valve................................................................................................... 10
Closed Circuit System with Microcontroller.........................................................................................................................11
Model Sizes and Capacities...................................................................................................................................................12
Series 45 Variable Displacement Axial Piston Pumps.......................................................................................................14
Series 45 Fan Drive Control........................................................................................................................................................ 15
D Series Motor.................................................................................................................................................................................16
Temperature Sensors....................................................................................................................................................................22
System Design Data Form...........................................................................................................................................................26
Power steering...........................................................................................................................................................................26
Fan information.........................................................................................................................................................................27
Control preference...................................................................................................................................................................27
SGM2YN and SGM3YN Fan Drive Motors.........................................................................................................................29
D Series Fan Drive Motors......................................................................................................................................................29
L and K Variable Motors..........................................................................................................................................................30
Series 45 Fan Drive Controls.................................................................................................................................................31
H1 Pump with Fan Drive Control........................................................................................................................................31
D Series Pumps............................................................................................................................................................................... 34
D Series Gear Motor...................................................................................................................................................................... 38
SGM2YN Gear Motor ....................................................................................................................................................................39
PRV10-IS2 Valve for SGM2Y........................................................................................................................................................48
PRV12-IS2 Valve for SGM3Y........................................................................................................................................................49
Port locations and gauge installation............................................................................................................................... 51
L and K Frame Variable Motor................................................................................................................................................... 52
Motor Rotation.......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Series 40 Fixed Motors................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Series 90 Fixed Motors................................................................................................................................................................. 55
90K55 Fixed Motor Cartridge Mount.................................................................................................................................56
Fan Drive Control Schematic..................................................................................................................................................... 58
Schematics
Fan Drive System Schematics....................................................................................................................................................59
Open Circuit Piston Pumps................................................................................................................................................... 60
Open Circuit Piston Motors...................................................................................................................................................60
System Guidelines....................................................................................................................................................................60
Over a number of years, Danfoss has built up a wealth of experience with fan drive applications for
vehicles and machines operating on and off the highway. This knowledge has been gained by providing
system solutions which integrate our market leading hydraulic pumps, motors, valves and electrohydraulic controllers.
Danfoss Hydraulic Fan Drive Systems Provide:
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On-Off and fully modulating controls
Increased engine reliability
Decreased fan noise
Flexible cooling pack positioning
Vehicle fuel savings
Design flexibility with multiple inputs for the electro-hydraulic controllers plus CAN bus per SAEJ
1939
Integrated systems
Lower operating costs
Ability to downsize the engine while maintaining system productivity
Ability to provide engine anti-stall and overspeed protection
Typical Applications
Due to the versatility, flexibility and reliability of Danfoss fan drive systems, they may be applied in
numerous applications, including the following.
Danfoss hydraulic fan drive systems allow cooling fan power consumption to be tailored to cooling
requirements. Our systems provide a precise, modulated cooling flow for a given set of monitored
conditions.
The power to drive a cooling fan rises as a cubic function of fan speed (doubling the fan speed requires
an eight-fold increase of input power). However, engine power and cooling demand decrease at higher
speeds. Because of this inverse relationship, a direct drive cooling fan must be sized to meet cooling
requirement at a relatively low engine speed and is therefore significantly oversized for cooling
requirements at higher speeds. Hydraulic fan drive systems allow fan speed to be trimmed so the fan can
be properly sized at low engine speeds without drawing excessive power at high speeds.
Fan systems are sized to provide required air flow at all engine speeds and operating conditions. Directdrive fans consume a great deal of power at higher engine speeds, without any advantage.
Under full cooling demand, maximum fan speed increases with engine speed, up to the set point of the
fan drive system (the point where further increase in speed yields no further gain). Beyond this point fan
speed does not increase, allowing greatly reduced power consumption compared to an untrimmed fan.
Under minimum cooling demand, standby fan speed can be set to provide very low, or minimal air flow.
Fan Speed vs Engine Speed
Flexible Mounting
Wide Range of Components
Basic Operation
Intelligent Control
The upper curves represent maximum cooling conditions; maximum fan speed is trimmed at the set
point. The lowest curve represents the standby condition; fan speed is maintained at a minimum value.
Hydraulic fan drives make it is possible to mount the radiator and fan just about anywhere on the vehicle.
This is advantageous in space conscious designs.
A fan drive system is sized to provide the required fan torque and speed. Danfoss has a wide range of
pumps, motors, controls, and sensors to meet your unique fan drive system needs.
In simplest terms, fan speed is controlled by regulating the amount of hydraulic oil passing through the
fan motor. The greater the flow, the greater the fan speed. The amount of flow is regulated based on one
or more inputs from the power system. Typically, engine coolant temperature is the main controlling
factor. Other system inputs may include hydraulic fluid temperature, charge air temperature and various
signals or switches. As inputs indicate a change in cooling demand, the system adjusts flow to the motor.
At the core of the Danfoss Fan Drive System is a controller that monitors relevant cooling parameters and
adjusts fan speed accordingly.
Fan Drive Controller
The Danfoss fan drive control system monitors cooling parameter inputs and provides an electronic
signal to a proportional hydraulic valve. The proportional valve relays a hydraulic signal either to the
bypass valve on the motor or the displacement control of a variable displacement pump. Possible inputs
to the fan drive control system include engine coolant temperature, charge air temperature, engine or
transmission oil temperature, compartment temperature, ambient temperature, and various other
signals and switches. Also, many engine control systems provide a fan controlling signal or CAN message
which can serve as a cooling parameter input.
Balanced Fan Speed and Heat Generation
When an input, such as engine coolant temperature, rises above a predetermined level, signalling an
increase in cooling demand; fan speed is gradually increased. Coolant temperature and fan speed
continue to rise until heat generation and cooling are balanced. Under most conditions, this balance
occurs at a level below the maximum capability of the system.
Maximum fan speed is reached only under simultaneous conditions of maximum ambient temperature
and maximum engine load. These parameters are set as part of the cooling system design criteria.
Fan Speed Vs. Engine Temperature
Fan speed is increased as monitored temperature increases until balance is reached.
Monitoring various cooling system parameters enables the Danfoss modulating fan drive systems to
increase fan speed as required. As a modulating system, it ramps fan speed only to the level required,
providing only as much air flow as needed to maintain balance between heat generation and cooling.
Gear Pump with Gear Motor and PLUS+1TM Fan Drive Controller
The pump receives oil directly from the reservoir through the inlet line. The output of the pump is
directed to a gear motor with an integral proportional relief valve.
The setting of the valve determines the maximum pressure in the system by bypassing oil (around the
motor’s gear set) directly to the return port of the motor. The proportional valve is normally closed and
requires the application of a PWM signal to reduce the bypass pressure. In a hydraulic fan drive system,
the pre-determined maximum pressure setting determines the maximum pressure to the motor, and the
maximum trim speed of the fan.
Applying a PWM signal to the valve allows the fan to run at speeds below its maximum trim speed,
regardless of the flow supplied by the pump.
Oil exiting the motor is directed back to the reservoir through a filter and a heat exchanger. Oil returning
to the reservoir must enter the reservoir well below the fluid level so air will not be entrained in the fluid.
The oil is diffused as it enters the reservoir to decelerate it to an acceptable level, to mix it with the fluid in
the reservoir, and to prevent the oil from flowing immediately back to the pump inlet. The return oil
should remain in the reservoir long enough to allow any entrained air in the fluid to rise to the surface
and dissipate back into the atmosphere. An anti-cavitation check valve prevents damage to the fan
motor in case of overrun. Fan overrun can occur when fan speed exceeds the speed commanded by the
system due to the fan windmilling in the vehicle’s air stream.
The variable displacement pump sends flow to the fan motor. Based on sensor and other inputs, the
microcontroller adjusts the proportional relief valve to regulate the pressure in the pilot port of the
pump’s load sensing control. Higher pressure in the pilot line results in increased flow to the fan motor.
The control has a pressure compensator feature which can be used to limit the fan’s trim speed. Trim
speed can also be set by software in the microcontroller.
Fan Drive Control System Illustration
Variable Displacement Pump and HIC Cartridge Valve
The system shown below is the same as the previous system with the addition of an electronically
controlled HIC cartridge valve between the pump and motor.
The HIC cartridge valve reverses the hydraulic flow to the motor, thus reversing the rotation of the fan.
This feature is commonly used to clean out the radiator if it becomes clogged with debris.
The variable displacement axial piston pump sends flow to the fixed displacement piston fan motor.
Based on temperature sensor and other inputs, the microcontroller regulates the displacement of the
axial piston pump. Higher coolant temperature results in increased flow to the fan motor. The pumps
displacement control has a pressure compensator feature which can be used to limit the maximum fan
trim speed in either direction. Trim speed can also be set by software in the microcontroller. The nature of
the closed-loop system prevents fan overrun. Zero fan speed is available on demand.
Danfoss offers gear pumps in a variety of models, sizes, capacities, and configurations. Integral priority
flow dividers are available which supply a constant flow for power assisted steering with the remainder
driving the fan drive motor.
Model Sizes and Capacities
Danfoss gear pumps are available in the following models and sizes.
Aluminum construction
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Cast iron construction
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Group 2
4 to 25 cm3/rev [0.24 to 1.53 in3/rev] displacement
Group 3
22 to 90 cm3/rev [1.34 to 5.49 in3/rev]
Group 2.5 (D Series)
7 to 45 cm3/rev [0.43 to 2.75 in3/rev]
Configurations
Single pump
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Single pump with priority flow divider for power steering assist
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Tandem pumps
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Tandem pumps with priority flow divider for power steering assist
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Multiple pumps (triple, quadruple, etc.)
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Quadra-Flow pumps (digital displacement)
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D Series pumps (single and tandem) are available with load sense and discrete flow options.
Series 45 Variable Displacement Axial Piston Pumps
Danfoss offers a complete family of variable displacement, open circuit, axial piston pumps. The Series 45
family offers a wide range of shafts, flanges, and porting options. Through drives are also available for
auxiliary pump drives. Load sensing (LS), pressure compensating (PC), remote pressure compensating
(RPC) and electro-proportional fan drive controls are available.
The Series 45 fan drive control is an electric proportional control for Series 45 pumps. It controls the
pump based on various machine operating parameters. In a fan drive system, coolant temperature forms
the basis for pump control.
When the solenoid is de-energized, the pump operates in the high pressure standby (pressure
compensation) mode; when the solenoid is fully energized, the pump returns to the low pressure
standby mode of operation. This allows the system to minimize energy loss when the cooling system
does not require cooling fan operation, potentially using existing system control components
(temperature sensor or micro-controller).
The control is proportional. As the current applied to the solenoid increases, the regulated system
pressure gradually decreases until the full current is applied, achieving low standby pressure.
Speed at rated pressuremaximum34003400340034003400340034003400340030003000
minimum*600600600600600600600600600600600
Minimum shaft speed at 69 bar [1000 PSI]rpm400400400400400400400400400400400
Standard Weightkg8.538.668.808.949.079.389.539.849.9310.16 10.43
lb18.819.119.419.720.020.721.021.721.922.423.0
Mass moment of inertia of internal rotating
components
Theoretical torque at rated pressureN•m65.773.479.287.098.2112.1 122.9139.6 146.9138.4 132.4
Theoretical power at rated speedkW23.426.128.231.035.039.943.849.746.143.541.6
Case drain pressurebar5.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.0
psi72.572.572.572.572.572.572.572.572.572.572.5
* minimum speed at maximum pressure
SGM2Y Motor
Group 2 fan drive motors are available in displacements from 8.4 cm3/rev [0.51 in3/rev]to 25 cm3/rev [1.54
in3/rev].
Configurations include European and SAE flanges; taper 1:8, 1:5, and straight shafts Ø15.875 mm [0.62 in].
Group 2 fan drive motors are PLUS+1 compliant.
SGM2Y Motor
SGM2Y technical data
UnitsFrame size
8.0011014017019022025
Displacementcm3/rev
[in3/rev]
Peak pressurebar [psi]270 [3916]270 [3916]270 [3916]250 [3626]230 [3336]200 [2900]180 [2610]
Rated pressure250 [3626]250 [3626]250 [3626]230 [3336]210 [3046]180 [2610]160 [2320]
Back pressure150 [2176]150 [2176]150 [2176]150 [2176]130 [1885]100 [1450]100 [1450]
Maximum speedmin-1 [rpm]3500350035003500350035003500
Weightkg [lb]4.73 [10.43]4.83 [10.65]5.03 [11.1]5.18 [11.42]5.23 [11.53]5.33 [11.75]5.53 [12.2]
Moment of inertia of
rotating components
Electrical connectormodelDeutsch DT 04-2P connectors (Protection rate IP 69K DIN 400050)
Electrical current signalA0 to 1.1 A @ 12VDC, with coil resistance of 7.2 ohms @ 20°C [68°F]
0 to 0.55 A @ 24VDC, with coil resistance of 28.8 ohms @ 20°C [68°F]
L/K Frame Axial Piston Motors
For higher power applications, Danfoss offers the L and K frame two position, axial piston motor. The KV
and LV motors can operate at two different displacements. Minimum displacement can be used when
high fan speed is required at low engine speed and maximum displacement can be used at high engine
speed. The K and L frame motors can also be used as single displacement motors.
This short, compact motor is configured ideally for installations requiring compact packaging and
optimized plumbing. All hydraulic ports are on one face of the motor. Axial or radial configurations are
available.
Mounting
SAE B-2 bolt and Danfoss cartridge
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Shaft
SAE 0.875 diameter cylindrical and 1:8 taper keyed shafts
25, 30, 38 and 45 cm3/rev [1.52, 1.83, 2.14, 2.32 and 2.75 in3/rev] maximum displacements
Operating pressure up to 415 bar [6000 psi]
Speeds up to 5500 min-1(rpm)
Direct acting single line hydraulic displacement control
10 to 241 bar [150 to 3500 psi] shift pressure
Reverse Displacement Control (electric or hydraulic)
Speed sensor
Maximum displacement limiter
Integral over-pressure and anti-cavitation protection