Danfoss CH290, CH485 Application guide
Application guidelines
Danfoss scroll compressors
CH290 & CH485
50 Hz - R410A
http://cc.danfoss.com
Application Guidelines
Content
Scroll compression principle .......................... 4
Features ............................................................ 5
Compressor model designation ..................... 6
Nomenclature .......................................................................6
Technical specifications .................................. 7
50 Hz data ..............................................................................7
Dimensions ...................................................... 8
CH290 ...................................................................................... 8
CH290 - Parallel version .....................................................9
CH485 ....................................................................................10
Suction and discharge Connections ...........................11
Electrical data, connections and wiring ....... 12
Connection details ...........................................................12
Motor voltage .....................................................................12
Wiring connections ...........................................................13
IP rating .................................................................................13
Terminal box temperature .............................................13
Three phase electrical characteristics ........................14
LRA (Locked Rotor Amp) .................................................14
MCC (Maximum Continuous Current) ........................14
Max. Operating Current. .................................................14
Winding resistance............................................................14
General wiring information ...........................................14
Danfoss MCI soft-start controller .................................15
Motor protection ...............................................................17
Voltage imbalance ............................................................17
Operating conditions .................................... 18
Refrigerant and lubricants..............................................18
Motor supply .......................................................................19
Compressor ambient temperature .............................19
Application envelope .......................................................19
Discharge temperature protection ............................20
High and low pressure protection...............................20
Cycle rate limit ....................................................................21
System design recommendations ................22
General ..................................................................................22
Essential piping design recommendations ..............22
Refrigerant charge limit ..................................................23
Off-cycle migration ...........................................................24
Liquid flood back ...............................................................26
Specific application recommendations ....... 27
Low ambient application ................................................27
Low load operation ...........................................................28
Brazed plate heat exchangers .......................................28
Electronic expansion valve ............................................28
Reversible heat pump systems .....................................28
Sound and vibration management .............. 31
Starting sound level..........................................................31
Running sound level ........................................................31
Stopping sound level .......................................................31
Installation ..................................................... 33
Compressor handling and storage..............................33
Compressor mounting ....................................................34
Compressor holding charge ..........................................34
System cleanliness ............................................................35
Tubing ....................................................................................35
Brazing and soldering ......................................................35
System pressure test ........................................................36
Leak detection ....................................................................37
Vacuum evacuation and moisture removal .............37
Filter driers ...........................................................................37
Refrigerant charging ........................................................37
Insulation resistance and dielectric strength ..........38
Commissioning ..................................................................38
Oil level checking and top-up .......................................38
Ordering information and packaging ..........39
Accessories ..................................................... 40
3FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Scroll compression principleApplication Guidelines
In a Danfoss CH scroll compressor, the
compression is performed by two scroll elements
located in the upper part of the compressor.
Suction gas enters the compressor at the suction
connection. As all of the gas flows around and
through the electrical motor, thus ensuring
complete motor cooling in all applications, oil
droplets separate and fall into the oil sump.
After exiting the electrical motor, the gas enters
the scroll elements where compression takes
place. Ultimately, the discharge gas leaves the
compressor at the discharge connection.
The figure below illustrates the entire
compression process. The centre of the orbiting
scroll (in grey) traces a circular path around
the centre of the fixed scroll (in black). This
movement creates symmetrical compression
pockets between the two scroll elements.
Low-pressure suction gas is trapped within
each crescent-shaped pocket as it gets formed;
continuous motion of the orbiting scroll serves
to seal the pocket, which decreases in volume
as the pocket moves towards the center of the
scroll set increasing the gas pressure. Maximum
compression is achieved once a pocket reaches
the center where the discharge port is located;
this stage occurs after three complete orbits.
Compression is a continuous process: the
scroll movement is suction, compression and
discharge all at the same time.
SUCTION
COMPRESSION
DISCHARGE
4 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
Features
CH range is composed of CH290 & CH485 (large
commercial platform).
Heat shield that lowers the heat
transfer between discharge and
suction gas and the acoustic level
R410A optimized and dedicated
scroll profile
Liquid slug protection per suction
fitting in upper position
5FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
Compressor model designation
Nomenclature
Family, lubricant
& refrigerant
CH: Scroll, POE lubricant, or R410A
Nominal capacity
in thousand Btu/h at 60 Hz, R410A,
ARI conditions
UL index
Motor voltage code
4: 380-415V/3~/50 Hz
Danfoss CH290 & CH485 scroll compressor
for R410A are available as single compressor.
The example below presents the compressor
nomenclature which equals the technical
Family,
lubricant
& refrigerant
Nominal
capacity
Approvals Voltage Version Evolution
reference as shown on the compressor
nameplate. Code numbers for ordering are listed
section “Ordering information and packaging”.
index
A4CH ABB290
Evolution index
A~Z
Motor protection
A: Electronic module, 24V AC
B: Electronic module, 115/240V
Suction and discharge connections
A: Brazed connections
B: Brazed, No oil sight glass, No oil equalization
6 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
50 Hz data
Technical specifications
Model
(50 Hz)
Nominal
tons 60 Hz
TR W Btu/h kW W/W Btu/h/W cm
Nominal cooling
capacity
Power
input
COP E.E.R.
Swept
volume
Displacement
3
/rev m3/h dm
Oil charge
3
Net weight
CH290 25 73 200 249 800 22.50 3.25 11.10 276.2 48 .10 6.7 111.0
CH485 40 116 40 0 397 300 35.65 3.26 11.13 442.60 7 7.0 6.7 175.0
Displacement at nominal speed: 2900 rpm at 50 Hz
Net weight with oil charge
TR: Ton of Refrigeration, Standard rating conditions: ARI standard Evaporating temperature: 7.2 °C Superheat: 11.1 K
EER: Energy Efficiency Ratio Refrigerant: R410A Condensing temperature: 54.4 °C Subcooling: 8.3 K
COP: Coefficient Of Performance,
Subject to modification without prior notification.
kg
7FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
CH290
Ø 257.4
Suction
1"5/8
Dimensions
Ø 265.9
Discharge: 1"1/8
653
618
370.8
301.5
304.8
170
195
60°
345.4
279.4
212
187
531.5 ± 1.2
Ø 318
214
All dimensions in mm
4 Holes
Ø 19
428
109
8 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Flexible grommet
HM 8 bolt
Lock washer
Flat washer
Steel mounting sleeve
Rubber grommet
Nut
Compressor
base plate
27.5 mm
Application Guidelines
CH290 - Parallel version
Ø257.4
Dimensions
Ø265.9
Discharge
1"1/8
370.8
187
214
4x rigid
spacer 29.5
304.8
301.5
195
170
Ø317.5
345.4
279.4
183
76.6
60°
531.5
92.5
4x holes Ø19
428
Suction
1"5/8
All dimensions in mm
618
653
60°
212
353
109
Rigid spacer
29.5 mm
HM 8 bolt
Lock washer
Nut
Flat washer
Rigid spacer
Nut
9FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
CH485
Dimensions
Ø333.2
Ø318.1
Discharge:
SH485: 1"3/8
370.8
187
214
304.8
301.5
218.6
195
345.4
279.4
183
76.6
60°
524.8
92.5
4 holes Ø19
428
Suction
1"5/8
725.8
667
All dimensions in mm
10 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
60°
Rigid spacer
212
356
29.5 mm
109
HM 8 bolt
Lock washer
Nut
Flat washer
Rigid spacer
Nut
Flexible grommet
HM 8 bolt
Lock washer
Flat washer
Steel mounting sleeve
Rubber grommet
Nut
Compressor
base plate
27.5 mm
Application Guidelines
Dimensions
Suction and discharge
Connections
CH290
CH485
Brazed version
Tube ODF
Brazed
Suction 1"5/8
Discharge 1"1/8
Suction 1"5/8
Discharge 1"3/8
11FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
Electrical data, connections and wiring
Connection details
(Versions dedicated for
parallel mounting only)
CH290 & 485
Version AA - AB
Suction and discharge connections Brazed
Oil sight glass Threaded
Oil equalisation connection rotolock 2"1/4
Oil drain connection 1/4" flare
Low pressure gauge port (schrader) 1/4" flare
Danfoss CH290-485 scroll compressors are available with the motor voltage code 4:Motor voltage
Motor voltage code Code 4
Nominal voltage 380-415V - 3ph
50 Hz
Voltage range 342-457V
12 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Module power
Application Guidelines
Electrical data, connections and wiring
Wiring connections
Electrical power is connected to the compressor
terminals by Ø 4.8 mm (3/16") screws.
The terminal box is provided with 2 triple
knockouts and 1 single knockout for power
supply and 4 double knockouts for the safety
control circuit.
The 3 power supply knockouts accommodate the
following diameters:
• Ø 50.8 mm (UL 1"1/2 conduit) and Ø 43.7
mm (UL 1"1/4 conduit) and Ø 34.5 mm (UL 1"
conduit)
• Ø 40.5 mm (ISO40) and Ø 32.2 mm (ISO32) and
Ø 25.5 mm (ISO25)
• Ø 25.5 mm (ISO25)
The 4 others knockouts are as follows:
• Ø 22.5 mm (PG16) (UL 1/2") and Ø 16.5 mm
(ISO16) (x2)
• 20.7 mm (ISO20 or PG13.5) (x2)
The motor protection module comes preinstalled
within the terminal box. Phase sequence
protection connections and thermistor
connections are pre-wired and should not be
deinstalled. The module must be connected to
a power supply of the appropriate voltage. The
module terminals are 6.3-mm size Faston type.
The maximum tightening torque is 3 Nm. Use a
1/4’’ ring terminal on the power leads.
Black Blue Brown
M1-M2
Control circuit
Module
power supply
Sump heater
Faston 1/4" tabs
Power supply
Phase sequence input
L1 L2 L3
Black Blue Brown
LNS1 S2 M1 M2
Internal control contact
Safety
Thermistor
connection
circuit
IP rating
Terminal box temperature
The compressor terminal box according to IEC529 is IP54 when correctly sized IP54 rated cable glands
are used.
First numeral, level of protection against contact and foreign objects
5 - Dust protected
Second numeral, level of protection against water
4 - Protection against water splashing
The temperature inside the terminal box may not
exceed 70°C. Consequently, if the compressor is
installed in an enclosure, precautions must be
taken to avoid that the temperature around the
compressor and in the terminal box would rise
too much. The installation of ventilation on the
electronic protection module may not operate
properly. Any compressor damage related to this
will not be covered by Danfoss warranty. In the
same manner, cables must be selected in a way
to insure that terminal box temperature does not
exceed 70°C.
enclosure panels may be necessary. If not, the
13FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
Application Guidelines
Electrical data, connections and wiring
Three phase electrical
characteristics
LRA (Locked Rotor Amp)
MCC (Maximum
Continuous Current)
Max. Operating Current.
Winding resistance
Compressor model
CH290 260 62 56 0.52
Motor voltage code 4
CH485 413 90 89 0.23
LRA MCC Max. operating current Winding resistance
A A A Ω
Locked Rotor Amp value is the higher average
current as measured on mechanically blocked
compressor tested under nominal voltage. The
LRA value can be used as rough estimation for
The MCC is the current at which the motor
protection trips under maximum load and
low voltage conditions. This MCC value is the
maximum at which the compressor can be
operated in transient conditions and out of
The max. operating current is the current when
the compressors operate at maximum load
conditions and 10% below nominal voltage
(+15°C evaporating temperature and +68°C
Winding resistance is the resistance between
phases at 25°C (resistance value +/- 7%).
Winding resistance is generally low and it
requires adapted tools for precise measurement.
Use a digital ohm-meter, a “4 wires” method and
measure under stabilised ambient temperature.
Winding resistance varies strongly with winding
temperature. If the compressor is stabilised
at a different value than 25°C, the measured
resistance must be corrected using following
formula:
the starting current. However in most cases, the
real starting current will be lower. A soft starter
can be applied to reduce starting current.
the application envelope. Above this value, the
internal motor protection or external electronic
module will cut-out the compressor to protect
the motor.
condensing temperature). Max Oper. A can be
used to select cables and contactors. In normal
operation, the compressor current consumption
is always less than the Max Oper. A. value.
a + t
R
= R
tamb
25°C
a + t
t
: reference temperature = 25°C
25°C
t
: temperature during measurement (°C)
amb
R
: winding resistance at 25°C
25°C
R
: winding resistance at tamb
amb
amb
_______
25°C
Coefficient a = 234.5
General wiring
information
The wiring diagrams below are examples for a
safe and reliable compressor wiring. In case an
alternative wiring logic is chosen, it is imperative
to respect the following rules:
When a safety switch trips, the compressor must
stop immediately and must not re-start until
the tripping condition is back to normal and
the safety switch is closed again. This applies to
the LP safety switch, the HP safety switch, the
discharge gas thermostat and the motor safety
thermostat.
In specific situations, such as winter start
operation, an eventual LP control for pumpdown cycles may be temporarily bypassed to
allow the system to build pressure. But it remains
mandatory for compressor protection to apply an
LP safety switch. The LP safety switch must never
be bypassed.
Pressure settings for the LP and HP safety switch
and pump-down listed in table from section “Low
pressure”.
When ever possible (ie. PLC control), it is
recommended to limit the possibilities of
compressor auto restart to less than 3 to 5 times
during a period of 12 hours when caused by
motor protection or LP safety switch tripping.
This control must be managed as a manual reset
device.
14 FRCC.PC.026.A4.02
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