Danfoss Axial Piston Open Circuit Pumps Technical Information
Technical Information
Series 45
Axial Piston Open Circuit Pumps
www.danfoss.com
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Revision history Table of revisions
Date Changed Rev
January 2022 Clarified importance of relief valve for system protection; added mounting flange technical
data to frame F
April 2021 Added K2 040C displacement performance graphs 1104
June 2020 Changed document number from 'BC00000019' and '520L0519' to 'BC152886483703' 1103
October 2019 Added K2 040C displacement technical data 1001
July 2019 Removed excess content 0903
June 2019 Removed M1 ports from K2 schematics and other minor changes 0902
March 2018 Minor updates 0901
September 2017 Corrected performance curves for K2 Pumps 0812
August 2017 Corrected typo 0811
April 2017 Update the TOC 0810
March 2017 add K2 Frame 0809
July 2016 Fan Drive Control configuration-corrected G and H model code tables 0808
July 2016 Fan Drive Control configuration-included G and H model code tables 0807
June 2016 Various edits - Fan Drive Control 0806
April 2016 Various edits - Fan Drive Control 0805
March 2016 Add Fan Drive Control 0804
1201
March 2015 Add E Frame ETL control and Angle Sensor HC
October 2014 Add ETL control and Angle Sensor HB
July 2014 Danfoss layout HA
2 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Contents
General Information
Overview..............................................................................................................................................................................................8
Design...................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Benefits.................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Typical applications.........................................................................................................................................................................9
The Series 45 product family........................................................................................................................................................9
Load sensing open circuit system............................................................................................................................................11
Servo Control Orifice.....................................................................................................................................................................12
Servo Control Orifice Principle.............................................................................................................................................12
Servo Control Orifice Performance.................................................................................................................................... 13
Pacing Factor..............................................................................................................................................................................14
Hydraulic Controls......................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Pressure compensated controls..........................................................................................................................................14
Operation............................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Pressure compensated system characteristics.........................................................................................................15
Typical applications for pressure compensated systems.....................................................................................15
Remote pressure compensated controls.........................................................................................................................15
Remote pressure compensated system characteristics........................................................................................16
Typical applications for remote pressure compensated systems..................................................................... 17
Load sensing controls.............................................................................................................................................................17
LS control with bleed orifice............................................................................................................................................17
Integral PC function............................................................................................................................................................18
Load sensing system characteristics............................................................................................................................ 18
Electric Controls..............................................................................................................................................................................18
Electric Proportional Controls (EPC)...................................................................................................................................18
PLUS+1® Compliance......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Electric Proportional Control Principle........................................................................................................................18
Electric Proportional Control Response/Recovery..................................................................................................19
Electric Proportional Control Characteristic – Normally Closed.........................................................................20
Electric Proportional Control Characteristic – Normally Open...........................................................................21
Electric On-Off Controls..........................................................................................................................................................23
PLUS+1 Compliance...........................................................................................................................................................23
Electric On-Off Control Principle....................................................................................................................................23
Electric On-Off Control Response/Recovery..............................................................................................................24
Electric On-Off Control Performance vs. Ambient Temperature Characteristic...........................................24
Electric On-Off Control Characteristic – Normally Closed.................................................................................... 25
Electric On/Off Control Characteristic – Normally Open.......................................................................................26
Electric dump valve PC/LS controls....................................................................................................................................27
Electronic Torque Limiting Controls (ETL).......................................................................................................................27
PLUS+1 Compliance...........................................................................................................................................................27
Electric Torque Limiting Control Principle................................................................................................................. 28
Electronic Torque Limiting Control Characteristic..................................................................................................29
Fan Drive Control (FDC)..........................................................................................................................................................29
PLUS+1 Compliance...........................................................................................................................................................29
Fan Drive Control Principle .............................................................................................................................................31
Fan Drive Control System Characteristics.................................................................................................................. 31
Unintended Applications for Fan Drive Control Systems.....................................................................................32
Fan Drive Control characteristic - Normally Closed ...............................................................................................32
Solenoid data – Normally closed...................................................................................................................................33
Fan Drive Control configuration....................................................................................................................................35
NC Fan Drive Control 3D Views......................................................................................................................................35
Angle Sensor....................................................................................................................................................................................35
PLUS+1 Compliance................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Angle Sensor Principle............................................................................................................................................................36
Angle Sensor Characteristics................................................................................................................................................36
J & F-Frame (45-90cc) Angle Sensor Identification Convention:........................................................................37
E-Frame (100-147cc) Angle Sensor Identification Convention:..........................................................................37
Angle sensor electrical specifications............................................................................................................................... 40
Angle Sensor Calibration....................................................................................................................................................... 40
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Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 3
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Contents
Frame K2
Angle Sensor Functionality...................................................................................................................................................40
Charge Pump Circuits...................................................................................................................................................................40
Example Circuit #1....................................................................................................................................................................40
Example Circuit #2....................................................................................................................................................................41
Operating parameters..................................................................................................................................................................42
Fluids.............................................................................................................................................................................................42
Viscosity........................................................................................................................................................................................42
Temperature...............................................................................................................................................................................42
Inlet pressure..............................................................................................................................................................................43
Case pressure............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Pressure ratings.........................................................................................................................................................................44
Speed ratings............................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Duty cycle and pump life.......................................................................................................................................................44
Speed, flow, and inlet pressure............................................................................................................................................45
Design parameters........................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Installation...................................................................................................................................................................................46
Filtration.......................................................................................................................................................................................46
Reservoir...................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Fluid velocity.............................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Shaft loads...................................................................................................................................................................................47
Bearing life.................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Mounting flange loads............................................................................................................................................................48
Estimating overhung load moments.................................................................................................................................48
Auxiliary mounting pads........................................................................................................................................................49
Input shaft torque ratings......................................................................................................................................................49
Understanding and minimizing system noise............................................................................................................... 50
Understanding and minimizing system instability...................................................................................................... 50
LS System Over-Signaling......................................................................................................................................................50
Sizing equations.............................................................................................................................................................................51
Design................................................................................................................................................................................................ 52
Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................................................................. 53
Order Code.......................................................................................................................................................................................53
Performance K2-25C..................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Performance K2-30C..................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Performance K2-38C..................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Performance K2-40C..................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Performance K2-45C..................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Hydraulic Controls......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Pressure Compensated Controls.........................................................................................................................................64
Remote Pressure Compensated Controls........................................................................................................................65
Load Sensing Pressure Compensated Controls.............................................................................................................66
Load Sensing Control with Bleed Orifice /Pressure Compensated........................................................................ 67
Electric Controls..............................................................................................................................................................................68
Connectors..................................................................................................................................................................................68
Continuous Duty Operating Range................................................................................................................................... 68
Solenoid Data - Normally Closed........................................................................................................................................ 68
Solenoid Data - Normally Open...........................................................................................................................................68
Normally Closed Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.............................................................69
Normally Open Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls............................................................... 69
Normally Closed Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls................................................. 71
Normally Open Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls....................................................72
Normally Closed Fan Drive Control....................................................................................................................................73
Input Shafts...................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Installation Drawings....................................................................................................................................................................76
Axial Ported Endcap.................................................................................................................................................................76
Axial Ported Endcap O-ring Boss Ports Installation Dimensions.............................................................................77
Radial Ported Endcap Split Flange Ports..........................................................................................................................78
Radial Ported Endcap O-ring Boss Ports...........................................................................................................................79
4 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Contents
Frames L and K
Frame J
Radial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions..............................................................................................................80
Front Mounting Flange - SAE-B two bolt.........................................................................................................................80
Auxiliary Mounting Pads........................................................................................................................................................81
SAE-A auxiliary mounting pad........................................................................................................................................81
SAE-B auxiliary mounting pad........................................................................................................................................81
SAE-A Fixed flange..............................................................................................................................................................82
Auxiliary Mounting Pad - Running Cover...................................................................................................................82
Electric solenoid, left side.................................................................................................................................................83
Fan drive control..................................................................................................................................................................83
Displacement Limiter................................................................................................................................................................... 83
Design................................................................................................................................................................................................ 85
Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................................................................. 86
Order code........................................................................................................................................................................................86
Performance L25C......................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Performance L30D.........................................................................................................................................................................93
Performance K38C.........................................................................................................................................................................94
Performance K45D.........................................................................................................................................................................95
Hydraulic Controls......................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Pressure Compensated Controls.........................................................................................................................................96
Remote Pressure Compensated Controls........................................................................................................................96
Load Sensing/Pressure Compensated Controls............................................................................................................97
Load Sensing Control with Bleed Orifice /Pressure Compensated........................................................................ 98
Electric Controls..............................................................................................................................................................................99
Connector....................................................................................................................................................................................99
Continuous Duty Operating Range.................................................................................................................................100
Solenoid Data - Normally Closed......................................................................................................................................100
Solenoid Data - Normally Open........................................................................................................................................ 100
Normally Closed Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.......................................................... 100
Normally Open Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.............................................................101
Normally Closed Electric Proportional Controls with PC and LS Compensation............................................102
Normally Open Electric Proportional Controls with PC and LS Compensation...............................................104
Input shafts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 106
Installation drawings..................................................................................................................................................................107
Axial Ported Endcap..............................................................................................................................................................107
Axial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions..............................................................................................................108
Radial Ported Endcap Split Flange Ports........................................................................................................................108
Radial Ported Endcap O-ring Boss Ports........................................................................................................................ 109
Radial Ported Endcap Rear View.......................................................................................................................................109
Radial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions........................................................................................................... 110
Front Mounting Flange - SAE-B two bolt.......................................................................................................................110
Auxiliary Mounting Pads......................................................................................................................................................111
SAE-A auxiliary mounting pad..................................................................................................................................... 111
SAE-B auxiliary mounting pad......................................................................................................................................111
Auxiliary Mounting Pad - Running Cover.................................................................................................................112
Electric Solenoid, Left Side..................................................................................................................................................112
Electric Solenoid, Right Side...............................................................................................................................................112
Displacement limiter..................................................................................................................................................................113
Design..............................................................................................................................................................................................114
Technical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................115
Order code..................................................................................................................................................................................... 115
Performance J45B........................................................................................................................................................................126
Performance J51B........................................................................................................................................................................127
Performance J60B........................................................................................................................................................................128
Performance J65C....................................................................................................................................................................... 129
Performance J75C....................................................................................................................................................................... 130
Hydraulic Controls.......................................................................................................................................................................131
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Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 5
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Contents
Frame F
Pressure Compensated Controls......................................................................................................................................131
Remote Pressure Compensated Controls..................................................................................................................... 132
Load sensing/Pressure compensated Controls...........................................................................................................133
Load sensing Control with Bleed Orifice/ Pressure Compensated...................................................................... 134
Electric Controls........................................................................................................................................................................... 135
Connectors............................................................................................................................................................................... 135
Continuous Duty Operating Range.................................................................................................................................135
Solenoid Data - Normally Closed......................................................................................................................................135
Solenoid Data - Normally Open........................................................................................................................................ 135
Fan Drive Control Solenoid Data - Normally Closed..................................................................................................136
Normally Closed Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.......................................................... 136
Normally Open Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.............................................................137
Normally Closed Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls...............................................138
Normally Open Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls................................................. 139
Normally Closed Electric Torque Limiting Control with Pressure Compensation Controls........................141
Normally Closed Fan Drive Control ................................................................................................................................ 142
Input shafts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 143
Installation drawings..................................................................................................................................................................146
Axial Ported Endcap..............................................................................................................................................................146
Axial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions..............................................................................................................147
Right Fan Drive Control........................................................................................................................................................148
Radial Ported Endcap Split Flange Ports........................................................................................................................148
Radial Ported Endcap Rear View.......................................................................................................................................149
Radial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions........................................................................................................... 150
Right Angle Sensor Position Installation Dimensions...............................................................................................151
Front Mounting Flange........................................................................................................................................................152
Auxiliary mounting pads..................................................................................................................................................... 153
SAE-A auxiliary mounting pad (integrated)............................................................................................................ 153
SAE-A auxiliary mounting pad (non-integral)........................................................................................................ 154
SAE-B auxiliary mounting pad......................................................................................................................................155
SAE-C auxiliary mounting pad..................................................................................................................................... 155
Running cover....................................................................................................................................................................156
Radial Endcap Clockwise.....................................................................................................................................................156
Radial Endcap Counterclockwise..................................................................................................................................... 157
Axial Endcap Clockwise........................................................................................................................................................157
Axial Endcap Counterclockwise........................................................................................................................................157
Displacement limiter..................................................................................................................................................................158
Design..............................................................................................................................................................................................159
Technical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................160
Order code..................................................................................................................................................................................... 160
Performance F74B.......................................................................................................................................................................166
Performance F90C.......................................................................................................................................................................167
Hydraulic Controls.......................................................................................................................................................................168
Pressure Compensated Controls......................................................................................................................................168
Remote Pressure Compensated Controls..................................................................................................................... 168
Load Sensing/Pressure Compensated Controls..........................................................................................................169
Load Sensing Control with Bleed Orifice/Pressure Compensated.......................................................................170
Electric Controls........................................................................................................................................................................... 171
Connectors............................................................................................................................................................................... 171
Continuous Duty Operating Range.................................................................................................................................172
Solenoid Data - Normally Closed......................................................................................................................................172
Solenoid Data - Normally Open........................................................................................................................................ 172
Fan Drive Control Solenoid Data - Normally Closed..................................................................................................172
Normally Closed Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.......................................................... 172
Normally Open Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.............................................................173
Normally Closed Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls...............................................174
Normally Open Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls................................................. 175
Normally Closed Electric Torque Limiting Control with Pressure Compensation Controls........................177
6 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
Contents
Frame E
Normally Closed Fan Drive Control................................................................................................................................. 178
Input shafts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 179
Installation drawings..................................................................................................................................................................180
Axial Ported Endcap..............................................................................................................................................................180
Axial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions..............................................................................................................180
Right Fan Drive Control........................................................................................................................................................181
Radial Ported Endcap Split Flange Ports........................................................................................................................181
Radial Ported Endcap Rear View.......................................................................................................................................182
Radial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions........................................................................................................... 183
Right Angle Sensor Position Installation Dimensions...............................................................................................184
Front Mounting Flange........................................................................................................................................................185
Radial Endcap Clockwise.....................................................................................................................................................187
Radial Endcap Counterclockwise..................................................................................................................................... 188
Axial Endcap Clockwise........................................................................................................................................................188
Axial Endcap Counterclockwise........................................................................................................................................188
Displacement limiter..................................................................................................................................................................188
Design..............................................................................................................................................................................................190
Technical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................191
Order code..................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
Performance E100B.....................................................................................................................................................................198
Performance E130B.....................................................................................................................................................................199
Performance E147C.................................................................................................................................................................... 200
Hydraulic Controls.......................................................................................................................................................................201
Pressure Compensated Controls......................................................................................................................................201
Remote Pressure Compensated Controls..................................................................................................................... 201
Load Sensing/Pressure Compensated............................................................................................................................202
Load Sensing Control with Bleed Orifice/Pressure Compensated.......................................................................203
Electric Controls........................................................................................................................................................................... 204
Connectors............................................................................................................................................................................... 204
Continuous Duty Operating Range.................................................................................................................................205
Solenoid Data - Normally Closed......................................................................................................................................205
Solenoid Data - Normally Open........................................................................................................................................ 205
Normally Closed Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.......................................................... 205
Normally Open Electric On/Off with Pressure Compensation Controls.............................................................206
Normally Closed Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls...............................................207
Normally Open Electric Proportional with Pressure Compensation Controls................................................. 209
Normally Closed Electric Torque Limiting Control with Pressure Compensation Controls........................210
Input shafts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 212
Installation drawings..................................................................................................................................................................213
Axial Ported Endcap..............................................................................................................................................................213
Axial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions..............................................................................................................214
Radial Ported Endcap Installation Dimensions........................................................................................................... 215
Right Angle Sensor Position Installation Dimensions...............................................................................................216
Radial Ported Endcap Rear View.......................................................................................................................................217
Radial Ported Endcap Split Flange Ports........................................................................................................................217
Front Mounting Flange........................................................................................................................................................218
Endcap Dimensions...............................................................................................................................................................219
Auxiliary mounting pads..................................................................................................................................................... 220
Displacement Limiters...............................................................................................................................................................222
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 7
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Overview
Design
Series 45 is a complete family of high performance variable displacement, axial piston pumps. Each frame
is designed to exceed the demanding work function requirements of the mobile equipment marketplace.
Each frame within the Series 45 family is uniquely designed to optimize performance, size, and cost.
High Performance
•
Displacements from 25 cm³ - 147 cm³ [1.53 - 8.97 in3/rev]
•
Speeds up to 3600 rpm
•
Pressures up to 310 bar [4495 psi]
•
Variety of control system options including load sensing and pressure compensated
Latest Technology
•
Customer-driven using quality function deployment (QFD) and design for manufacturability (DFM)
techniques
•
Optimized design maximizes efficiency and quiet operation
•
Computer-modeled castings to optimize inlet conditions for maximum pump speed
•
Compact package size minimizing installation space requirements
•
Heavy-duty tapered roller bearings for long life
•
Single piece rigid housing to reduce noise and leak paths
•
Integrated controls for high speed response and system stability
Benefits
Reliability
•
Designed to rigorous standards
•
Proven in both laboratory and field
•
Manufactured to rigid quality standards
•
Long service life
•
Significantly fewer parts
•
No gasket joints
•
Robust input shaft bearings to handle large external shaft loads
•
Integrated gauge ports for monitoring operating conditions
Reduced Installation Costs
•
Through-drive capability for multi-circuit systems
•
Range of mounting flanges, shafts and porting options for ease of installation
•
Compact size minimizes installation space requirements
•
Help meet engine emission standards
•
Reduce engine size by managing power usage more effectively
Reduce Operating Costs
•
Optimize machine power usage to maximize fuel economy
•
Simple design reduces service requirements
•
Heavy duty taper roller shaft bearings provide long service life
8 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Typical applications
Increased Customer Satisfaction
•
Reduced noise for operator comfort
•
High performance increases productivity
Reduced Heat Load on Cooling System
•
High efficiency reduces hydraulic heat generation
•
Allows for smaller cooling packages
Cranes
•
Telescopic handlers
•
Forklift trucks
•
Wheel loaders
•
Sweepers
•
Backhoe loaders
•
Forestry and agricultural machinery
•
Fan drives
•
Paving Machines
•
Mining Equipment
•
Mowers
•
Dozers
•
Drilling Machines
•
Mini-Excavators
•
Other Applications
•
The Series 45 product family
Basic units
The series 45 family of open circuit, variable piston pumps, offers a range of displacements from 25 to 147
cm³/rev [1.53 to 8.97 in3/rev]. With maximum speeds up to 3600 rpm and continuous operating
pressures up to 310 bar [4495 psi], product selection is easily tailored to the flow and pressure
requirements of individual applications.
K2 Frame J Frame F Frame E Frame
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 9
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
General performance specifications
Pump Displacement Speed Pressure Theoretical flow
Contin
Max. Min. Cont. Max.
(at rated speed)
uous
Frame Model cm
3
3
in
min
(rpm)
-1
min
(rpm)
-1
min
(rpm)
-1
bar psi bar psi US
gal/min
l/min Flange
Frame L L25C 25 1.53 3200 3600 500 260 3770 350 5075 21.0 80.0 SAE B -
L30D 30 1.83 3200 3600 500 210 3045 300 4350 25.4 96.0 SAE B -
Frame K K38C 38 2.32 2650 2800 500 260 3770 350 5075 26.6 100.7 SAE B -
K45D 45 2.75 2650 2800 500 210 3045 300 4350 31.5 119.3 SAE B -
Frame K2 K2-25C 25 1.53 3450 3750 500 260 3771 350 5076 22.8 86.3 SAE B -
K2-30C 30 1.83 3200 3450 500 25.4 96.0 SAE B -
K2-38C 38 2.32 2900 3050 500 29.1 110.2 SAE B -
K2-40C 40 2.44 3100 3200 500 34.5 124 SAE B -
K2-45C 45 2.75 2900 3050 500 34.5 130.5 SAE B -
Frame J J45B 45 2.75 2800 3360 500 310 4495 400 5800 33.3 126.0 SAE B 2-
J51B 51 3.11 2700 3240 500 310 4495 400 5800 36.4 137.7 SAE B 2-
J60B 60 3.66 2600 3120 500 310 4495 400 5800 41.2 156.0 SAE B 2-
J65C 65 3.97 2500 3000 500 260 3770 350 5075 42.9 162.6 SAE B 2-
J75C 75 4.58 2400 2880 500 260 3770 350 5075 47.5 180.0 SAE B 2-
Frame F F74B 74 4.52 2400 2800 500 310 4495 400 5800 46.9 177.6 SAE B 2-
F90C 90 5.49 2200 2600 500 260 3770 350 5075 52.3 198 SAE B 2-
Mounti
ng
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
bolt
SAE C 2
and 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 2
and 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 2
and 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 2
and 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 2
and 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 4bolt
bolt
SAE C 4bol
10 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
General performance specifications (continued)
Pump Displacement Speed Pressure Theoretical flow
Contin
uous
Frame Model cm
Frame E E100B 100 6.10 2450 2880 500 310 4495 400 5800 64.7 245.0 SAE C 4-
E130B 130 7.93 2200 2600 500 310 4495 400 5800 75.5 286.0 SAE C 4-
E147C 147 8.97 2100 2475 500 260 3770 350 5075 81.5 308.7 SAE C 4-
3
3
in
min
(rpm)
Max. Min. Cont. Max.
-1
min
(rpm)
-1
min
(rpm)
-1
bar psi bar psi US
(at rated speed)
l/min Flange
gal/min
Load sensing open circuit system
The pump receives fluid directly from the reservoir through the inlet line. A screen in the inlet line
protects the pump from large contaminants. The pump outlet feeds directional control valves such as
PVG-32’s, hydraulic integrated circuits (HIC), and other types of control valves. The PVG valve directs
pump flow to cylinders, motors and other work functions. A heat exchanger cools the fluid returning
from the valve. A filter cleans the fluid before it returns to the reservoir.
Flow in the circuit determines the speed of the actuators. The position of the PVG valve determines the
flow demand. A hydraulic pressure signal (LS signal) communicates demand to the pump control. The
pump control monitors the pressure differential between pump outlet and the LS signal, and regulates
servo pressure to control the swashplate angle. Swashplate angle determines pump flow.
Actuator load determines system pressure. The pump control monitors system pressure and will decrease
the swashplate angle to reduce flow if system pressure reaches the PC setting. A secondary system relief
valve in the PVG valve acts as a back-up to control system pressure.
Mounti
ng
bolt
bolt
bolt
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 11
P109124
K2 Frame Series 45
open circuit axial
piston pump with
load sensing control
Reservoir
Filter
Heat exchanger
System pressur e
Servo pressur e
Actuator pressur e
Load sense pressur e
Actuator retur n
Suction / case drain /
system retur n
Double-ac ting cylinder
Bi-directional
gear moto r
PVG 32
mulit-sec tion
load
sensing
contro l
valve
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Pictorial circuit diagram
Servo Control Orifice
Servo Control Orifice Principle
Series 45 controls offer an optional servo control orifice (not available with Pressure Compensation only
Controls) available to aid in tuning system performance. The optional servo control orifice restricts flow
to and from the servo system in the pump, effectively pacing the motion of the servo system.
12 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
P108 664E
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
System Pressure (bar)
Time
Relative Servo Control Orifice Performance
Generic PC Response and Recovery
Input Speed=1800rpm, Temperature=49°C, PC Setting=210Bar, LS Setting=20Bar
1.0mm Servo
Control Orifice
0.8mm Servo
Control Orifice
Without Servo
Control Orifice
0
50
100
150
200
250
System Pressure (bar)
Time
Relative Servo Control Orifice Performance
Generic LS Response and Recovery
Input Speed = 1800rpm, Temperature=49 C, PC Setting=310Bar, LS Setting=30Bar
0.8mm Servo
Control Orifice
1.0mm Servo
Control Orifice
Without Servo
Control Orifice
P108 665E
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Servo Control Orifice Performance
The use of the Servo Control Orifice will provide additional pacing to the pump, while the response of the
pump to pressure spikes remains unaffected. The Pressure Compensation Function response and
recovery, as well as the Load Sense Function response and recovery are shown below, and outline the
relative impact in response and recovery of the Servo Control Orifices. Note that these graphs are meant
as a generic comparison only, and that unique effects on response and recovery behavior for each
specific frame are shown later in this section.
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 13
0
0
Q max
Pressure
Fl
ow
P101 166E
PC setting
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
We recommend that systems experiencing instability use a Servo Control Orifice. Start with the largest
size orifice available, and work down to the smaller size until the system is satisfactorily tuned. All FanDrive systems should start with a 0.8mm Servo Control Orifice if possible. Systems including motors are
more likely to require the Servo Control Orifice option.
Pacing Factor
Use of a Servo Control Orifice adds a pacing factor to each Series 45 Frame, impacting the behavior of the
pumps reactivity. This pacing factor can be multiplied by the specific Frame/Displacement/Control
selection’s response and recovery times, to determine the final paced response and recovery times.
Unique response and recovery times can be found in each frame-specific chapter, in the desired control
section. The paced response and recovery relationship is shown below.
Response (Damped)= Response (Specific Disp.Control) *Pacing Factor
Recovery (Damped)= Recovery (Specific Disp.Control) *Pacing Factor
Pacing Factors are unique to each orifice size, and can impact each frame differently. Below are the
Pacing Factors for each Servo Control Orifice Size by frame.
Frame Pacing Factors - Servo Control Orifice
1.0 mm Servo Control Orifice 0.8 mm Servo Control Orifice
PC Response PC Recovery LS Response LS Recovery PC Response PC Recovery LS Response LS Recovery
*
E-Frame
F-Frame
J-Frame
K2-Frame 2.3 2.0 2.0 3.2 2.6 2.6
K-Frame
L-Frame
*
PC Response from 160 bar to 210 bar, PC Recovery from 210 bar to 160 bar at 1800 rpm: LS Response from 230 bar to 30 bar, LS Recovery from 30 bar
to 230 bar at 1800 rpm.
**
** PC Response from 160 bar to 210 bar, PC Recovery from 210 bar to 160 bar at 1800 rpm: LS Response from 160 bar to 20 bar, LS Recovery from 20
bar to 160 bar at 1800 rpm.
Hydraulic Controls
*
*
**
**
1
(No Effect)
2.3 2.0 2.0 1
2.3 2.0 2.0 3.2 2.6 2.6
2.3 2.0 2.0 3.2 2.6 2.6
2.3 2.3 2.3 3.7 3.1 3.1
2.3 2.3 2.3 3.7 3.1 3.1
(No Effect)
3.2 2.6 2.6
Pressure compensated controls
Operation
The PC control maintains constant system pressure in the hydraulic circuit by varying the output flow of
the pump. Used with a closed center control valve, the pump remains in high pressure standby mode at
the PC setting with zero flow until the function is actuated. This condition is often called a dead head
condition.
Typical operating curve
14 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
P101 965
W
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Simple closed-center circuit
Once the closed center valve is opened, the PC control senses the immediate drop in system pressure
and increases pump flow by increasing the swashplate angle. The pump continues to increase flow until
system pressure reaches the PC setting. If system pressure exceeds the PC setting, the PC control reduces
the swashplate angle to maintain system pressure by reducing flow. The PC control continues to monitor
system pressure and changes swashplate angle to match the output flow with the work function
pressure requirements.
If the demand for flow exceeds the capacity of the pump, the PC control directs the pump to maximum
displacement. In this condition, actual system pressure depends on the actuator load.
Each section includes control schematic diagrams, setting ranges, and response / recovery times for each
control available. Response is the time (in milliseconds) for the pump to reach zero displacement when
commanded by the control. Recovery is the time (in milliseconds) for the pump to reach full displacement
when commanded by the control. Actual times can vary depending on application conditions.
Warning
A relief valve is required to be installed in the pump outlet for additional system protection. Failure to
install a relief valve may lead to system damage and/or injury.
Pressure compensated system characteristics
Constant pressure and variable flow
•
High pressure standby mode when flow is not needed
•
System flow adjusts to meet system requirements
•
Single pump can provide flow to multiple work functions
•
Quick response to system flow and pressure requirements
•
Typical applications for pressure compensated systems
Constant force cylinders (bailers, compactors, refuse trucks)
•
On/off fan drives
•
Drill rigs
•
Sweepers
•
Trenchers
•
Remote pressure compensated controls
The remote PC control is a two-stage control that allows multiple PC settings. Remote PC controls are
commonly used in applications requiring low and high pressure PC operation.
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 15
0
0
Q max
Pressure
Fl
ow
P101 969E
PC setting
Remote PC setting
P101 966
W
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Typical operating curve
Closed center circuit with remote PC
The remote PC control uses a pilot line connected to an external hydraulic valve. The external valve
changes pressure in the pilot line, causing the PC control to operate at a lower pressure. When the pilot
line is vented to reservoir, the pump maintains pressure at the load sense setting. When pilot flow is
blocked, the pump maintains pressure at the PC setting. An on-off solenoid valve can be used in the pilot
line to create a low-pressure standby mode. A proportional solenoid valve, coupled with a
microprocessor control, can produce an infinite range of operating pressures between the low pressure
standby setting and the PC setting.
Warning
A relief valve is required to be installed in the pump outlet for additional system protection. Failure to
install a relief valve may lead to system damage and/or injury.
Each section includes control schematic diagrams, setting ranges, and response / recovery times for each
control available. Response is the time (in milliseconds) for the pump to reach zero displacement when
commanded by the control. Recovery is the time (in milliseconds) for the pump to reach full displacement
when commanded by the control. Actual times can vary depending on application conditions.
Size the external valve and plumbing for a pilot flow of 3.8 l/min [1 US gal/min].
Remote pressure compensated system characteristics
Constant pressure and variable flow
•
High or low pressure standby mode when flow is not needed
•
System flow adjusts to meet system requirements
•
Single pump can provide flow to multiple work functions
•
Quick response to system flow and pressure requirements
•
16 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
0
0
P101 968E
PC setting
Flow
Pressure
Q max
P101 967
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Typical applications for remote pressure compensated systems
Modulating fan drives
•
Anti-stall control with engine speed feedback
•
Front wheel assist
•
Road rollers
•
Combine harvesters
•
Wood chippers
•
Load sensing controls
Operation
The LS control matches system requirements for both pressure and flow in the circuit regardless of the
working pressure. Used with a closed center control valve, the pump remains in low-pressure standby
mode with zero flow until the valve is opened. The LS setting determines standby pressure.
Typical operating curve
Load sensing circuit
Most load sensing systems use parallel, closed center, control valves with special porting that allows the
highest work function pressure (LS signal) to feed back to the LS control. Margin pressure is the difference
between system pressure and the LS signal pressure. The LS control monitors margin pressure to read
system demand. A drop in margin pressure means the system needs more flow. A rise in margin pressure
tells the LS control to decrease flow.
LS control with bleed orifice
The load sense signal line requires a bleed orifice to prevent high-pressure lockup of the pump control.
Most load-sensing control valves include this orifice. An optional internal bleed orifice is available, for use
with control valves that do not internally bleed the LS signal to tank.
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 17
W
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Electric Controls
Integral PC function
The LS control also performs as a PC control, decreasing pump flow when system pressure reaches the PC
setting. The pressure compensating function has priority over the load sensing function.
Warning
A relief valve is required to be installed in the pump outlet for additional system protection. Failure to
install a relief valve may lead to system damage and/or injury.
Load sensing system characteristics
Variable pressure and flow
•
Low pressure standby mode when flow is not needed
•
System flow adjusted to meet system requirements
•
Lower torque requirements during engine start-up
•
Single pump can supply flow and regulate pressure for multiple circuits
•
Quick response to system flow and pressure requirements
•
Electric Proportional Controls (EPC)
PLUS+1® Compliance
All Series 45 Electric controls have met and passed the Danfoss PLUS+1® compliance standard testing,
and as such, this Series 45 control is PLUS+1® compliant. PLUS+1® compliance blocks are available on the
Danfoss website, within the PLUS+1® Guide section.
Electric Proportional Control Principle
The Electric Proportional Control consists of a proportional solenoid integrated into a Remote Pressure
Compensated control. This control allows the pump to be operated at any pressure limit between the
Load Sense and Pressure Compensation settings by varying the current sent to the solenoid.
18 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Reference individual frame sections for the margin (LS) setting vs low pressure standby relationship.
Electric proportional controls have a unique relationship between margin (LS) setting and low pressure
standby. This relationship is available in the electric proportional controls section for each frame.
For fan-drive systems, and systems with motors, use a minimum 15bar LS setting to enhance system
stability. As the LS setting is reduced, the risk for system instability may be increased. A 20bar LS setting is
recommended as a starting point for all new applications.
Electric Proportional Control Response/Recovery
S45 Electric Proportional Controls require the use of a servo control orifice, and are available with two
possible servo control orifice options. The servo control orifice is used to enhance system stability, as well
as dampen the pump reactiveness. A smaller orifice diameter will add dampening to the pump
reactiveness, while a larger orifice will allow quicker pump reaction. Fan-Drive applications, as well as
systems with the pump supplying motors, are recommended to use the 0.8mm diameter orifice to
enhance system stability.
Module “G” Options for Electric Proportional Controls
Frame “E” - 0.8mm Orifice “F” - 1.0mm Orifice
All Frames
• •
Specific Electric Proportional Control Response/Recovery times are shown for the available servo control
orifice options in the control section within each specific frame section. These times represent the
response from 100bar to 200bar, and recovery from 200bar to 100bar. As the upper pressure approaches
the PC setting, the PC function will begin to assist in clipping pressure overshoots during the pump’s
response, and will decrease the response times of the pump to equal those of the PC response.
Electric Proportional Control Pressure vs. Flow Characteristic
The Electric Proportional Controls continuous duty operating temperature range is shown below; this
guideline should be followed as well as the maximum current limitations. Note that rated voltage refers
to either a 12V or 24V coil. Under high temperature conditions, current required to operate the solenoid
increases.
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 19
50
60
70
80
90
100
-40
100
Percent of Rated Voltage (%)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
P108 415E
-30
-20
-10
0
60
80
10
20
30
40
50
70
90
110
120
Operating Range
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
System Pressure (Bar)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Current proportion I/I max
310 Bar PC, 10 Bar LS
310 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
310 Bar PC, 30 Bar LS
260 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
210 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
P108 657E
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Continuous Duty Operating Temperature
Electric Proportional Control Characteristic – Normally Closed
When an electric current is sent to the Normally Closed configuration control, the pump pressure
decreases proportional to an increase in current. When the load in the system changes, the pump will
adjust its displacement to maintain the pressure demanded by the controlling current. This control is
especially useful for fan-drives, due to the direct relationship between fan-speed and pump pressure.
Due to the nature of Electric Proportional Controls, the relationship between current and pump pressure
is unique for each individual PC/LS pressure setting combination. The relationship between different PC
settings and different LS settings on the Pressure vs. Current Characteristic curve are shown below. The
hydraulic schematic for the Normally Closed Electric Proportional control is shown below as well.
Operating Pressure vs. Input Current (N.C. EPC)
20 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Solenoid Data – Normally Closed
Voltage 12V 24V
Maximum Current 1800 mA 920 mA
Inrush Current 1700 mA 800 mA
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Solenoid Data – Normally Closed (continued)
Voltage 12V 24V
Coil Resistance @ 20°C [70°F] 7.1 Ω 28.5 Ω
PWM Range 200-300 Hz
PWM Frequency (preferred) 250 Hz
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) IP67 IP67
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) with mating connector IP69K IP69K
Operating Temperature Consistent with Pump Limits:
-40°C (-40°F) to 104°C (220°F)
The available Normally Closed Electric Proportional Controls for the Series 45 are shown below. The
allowable Pressure Compensator (PC) and Load Sense (LS) pressure settings are provided for each frame
in their respective sections.
Electric Proportional Controls Options – Normally Closed Frame
Code Description L K
AH Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
12VDC) Left
AL Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
24VDC) Left
AV Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
12VDC) Right
AK Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
24VDC) Right
BH Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
12VDC) [>280 bar] Left
BL Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
24VDC) [>280 bar] Left
BM Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
12VDC) [>280 bar] Right
BK Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
24VDC) [>280 bar] Right
EM Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
12VDC)
EN Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,
24VDC)
• •
• •
K2
J F E
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
Notes:
1. Left = E-Frame: CW Only, F-Frame: CW Only, J-frame: CW Axial, CCW Radial
2. Right = E-Frame: CCW Only, F-Frame: CCW Only, J-frame: CCW Axial, CW Radial
3. K/L Frame Controls are not rotation dependent
4. K2 Frame electric controls are limited only for Left orientation and up to 260 Bar
Electric Proportional Control Characteristic – Normally Open
When an electric current is sent to the normally open configuration control, the pump pressure increases
proportional to an increase in current. When the load in the system changes, the pump will adjust its
displacement to maintain the pressure demanded by the controlling current. This control is especially
useful for fan-drives, due to the direct relationship between fan-speed and pump pressure.
Due to the nature of Electric Proportional Controls, the relationship between current and pump pressure
is unique for each individual PC/LS pressure setting combination. The relationship between different PC
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 21
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
System Pressure (Bar)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
260 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
210 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
310 Bar PC, 20 Bar LS
310 Bar PC, 30 Bar LS
310 Bar PC, 10 Bar LS
P108 658E
Current proportion I/I max
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
settings and different LS settings on the Pressure vs. Current Characteristic curve are shown below. The
hydraulic schematic for the Normally Open Electric Proportional control is shown below as well.
Operating Pressure vs. Input Current (N.O. EPC)
Solenoid Data – Normally Open
Voltage 12V 24V
Maximum Current 1500 mA 665 mA
Inrush Current 1700 mA 800 mA
Coil Resistance @ 20°C [70°F] 7.1 Ω 28.5 Ω
PWM Range 200-300 Hz
PWM Frequency (preferred) 250 Hz
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) IP67 IP67
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) with mating connector IP69K IP69K
Operating Temperature Consistent with Pump Limits:
-40°C (-40°F) to 104°C (220°F)
The available Normally Open Electric Proportional Controls for the Series 45 are shown below. The
allowable Pressure Compensator (PC) and Load Sense (LS) pressure settings are provided for each frame
in their respective sections. Note that for Electric Proportional Controls, the Load Sense setting describes
the Low Pressure Standby value, not margin.
Electric Proportional Controls Options – Normally Open Frame
Code Description L K
AX Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
12VDC) Left
CL Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
24VDC) Left
AW Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
12VDC) Right
CK Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
24VDC) Right
BX Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
12VDC) [>280 bar] Left
K2
J F E
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
22 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Electric Proportional Controls Options – Normally Open Frame
DL Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
24VDC) [>280 bar] Left
BW Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
12VDC) [>280 bar] Right
DK Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
24VDC) [>280 bar] Right
EK Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
12VDC)
EL Electric Proportional Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,
24VDC)
• •
• •
Notes:
1. Left = E-Frame: CW Only, F-Frame: CW Only, J-frame: CW Axial, CCW Radial
2. Right = E-Frame: CCW Only, F-Frame: CCW Only, J-frame: CCW Axial, CW Radial
3. K/L Frame Controls are not rotation dependent
4. K2 Frame electric controls are limited only for Left orientation and up to 260 Bar
Electric On-Off Controls
• • •
• • •
• • •
PLUS+1 Compliance
All Series 45 Electric controls have met and passed the Danfoss PLUS+1 compliance standard testing, and
as such, this Series 45 control is PLUS+1 compliant. PLUS+1 compliance blocks are available on the
Danfoss website, within the PLUS+1 Guide section.
Electric On-Off Control Principle
The Electric On/Off Control consists of an On/Off solenoid integrated into a Remote Pressure
Compensated control. This control allows the pump to be operated at either the Load Sense pressure
setting when “On”, or the Pressure Compensation pressure setting when “Off”.
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 23
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
For fan-drive systems, and systems with motors, use a minimum 15bar LS setting to enhance system
stability. As the LS setting is reduced, the risk for system instability may be increased. A 20bar LS setting is
recommended as a starting point for all new applications.
Electric On-Off Control Response/Recovery
S45 Electric On/Off Controls are available with two servo control orifice options, as well as without an
orifice. The servo control orifice is used to enhance system stability, as well as dampen the pump
reactiveness. A smaller orifice diameter will add dampening to the pump reactiveness, while a larger
orifice will allow quicker pump reaction.
Module “G” Options for Electric On/Off Controls
Frame “E” - 0.8mm Orifice “F” - 1.0mm Orifice “N” - No Orifice
All Frames
• • •
Specific Electric On/Off Control Response/Recovery times are shown for the available servo control orifice
options in the control section within each specific frame section. These times represent the response
from 75% of rated continuous pressure to 100% of rated continuous pressure, and recovery from 100% of
rated continuous pressure to 75% of rated continuous pressure for N.C. configuration per SAE J745 (viceversa for N.O). As the system pressure approaches the PC setting, the PC function will begin to assist in
clipping pressure overshoots during the pump’s response, and will decrease the response times of the
pump to equal those of the PC response.
Electric On-Off Control Performance vs. Ambient Temperature Characteristic
The Electric On/Off Controls continuous duty operating temperature range is shown below; this guideline
should be followed as well as the maximum current limitations. Note that rated voltage refers to either a
12V or 24V coil. Under high temperature conditions the PWM duty cycle to operate the solenoid
increases.
24 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
50
60
70
80
90
100
-40
100
Percent of Rated Voltage (%)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
P108 415E
-30
-20
-10
0
60
80
10
20
30
40
50
70
90
110
120
Operating Range
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Continuous Duty Operating Temperature
Electric On-Off Control Characteristic – Normally Closed
The normally closed configuration On/Off control directs the pump to its Pressure Compensation
pressure setting when no current is applied. When the required electric current is sent to the normally
closed configuration control the pump pressure decreases to the Low-Pressure Standby setting. This
control does not have Load Sense functionality, but rather acts as a Pressure Compensation control when
not energized, or is directed to its low-pressure standby when energized. This control is especially useful
for machine startups, as the pump can be directed to its Low-Pressure Standby setting during startup to
reduce the load on engine starters.
The available Normally Closed Electric On/Off Controls for the Series 45 are shown below. The allowable
Pressure Compensator (PC) and Load Sense (LS) pressure settings are provided for each frame in their
respective sections.
Electric On/Off Controls Options – Normally Closed Frame
Code Description L K
AR Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,12VDC)
Left
CR Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,24VDC)
Left
AG Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,12VDC)
Right
AY Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,24VDC)
Right
BR Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,12VDC)
[>280 bar] Left
DR Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,24VDC)
[>280 bar] Left
BE Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,12VDC)
[>280 bar] Right
BG Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,24VDC)
[>280 bar] Right
EB Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,12VDC)
EE Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NC,24VDC)
• •
• •
K2
J F E
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
Notes:
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 25
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
1. Left = E-Frame: CW Only, F-Frame: CW Only, J-frame: CW Axial, CCW Radial
2. Right = E-Frame: CCW Only, F-Frame: CCW Only, J-frame: CCW Axial, CW Radial
3. K/L Frame Controls are not rotation dependent
4. K2 Frame electric controls are limited only for Left orientation and up to 260 Bar
Electric On/Off Control Characteristic – Normally Open
The Normally Open configuration On/Off control directs the pump to its Low-Pressure Standby setting
when no current is applied. When the required electric current (end current) is sent to the Normally Open
configuration control, the pump pressure increases to the Pressure Compensation pressure setting. This
control does not have Load Sense functionality, but rather acts as a Pressure Compensation control when
energized, or is directed to its Low-Pressure Standby when de-energized. This control is especially useful
for machine startups, as the pump can be directed to its Low Pressure Standby setting during startup to
reduce the load on engine starters.
Solenoid Data – Normally Open
Voltage 12V 24V
Maximum Current 1500 mA 665 mA
Inrush Current 1700 mA 800 mA
Coil Resistance @ 20°C [70°F] 7.1 Ω 28.5 Ω
PWM Range 200-300 Hz
PWM Frequency (preferred) 250 Hz
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) IP67 IP67
IP Rating (IEC 60529 | DIN 40050-9) with mating connector IP69K IP69K
Operating Temperature Consistent with Pump Limits:
-40°C (-40°F) to 104°C (220°F)
The available Normally Open Electric On/Off Controls for the Series 45 Frame E are shown below, with the
allowable Pressure Compensator (PC) pressure range provided for each control. All Electric On/Off
Controls are available with the 10-40bar Load Sense (LS) setting range.
Electric On/Off Controls Options – Normally Open Frame
Code Description L K
AN Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,12VDC)
Left
CN Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,24VDC)
Left
AF Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,12VDC)
Right
AT Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,24VDC)
Right
BN Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,12VDC)
[>280 bar] Left
DN Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,24VDC)
[>280 bar] Left
BF Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,12VDC)
[>280 bar] Right
DF Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,24VDC)
[>280 bar] Right
EA Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,12VDC)
EG Electric On/Off Pressure Control w/Pressure Comp. (NO,24VDC)
• •
• •
K2
J F E
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
26 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
P108589
System pressure
Load Sense Pressure
Servo pressure
Drain
LS adjustment
PC adjustment
LS spool
PC spool
Solenoid
Load sensing connection
for dump and ETL controls
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Notes:
1. Left = E-Frame: CW Only, F-Frame: CW Only, J-frame: CW Axial, CCW Radial
2. Right = E-Frame: CCW Only, F-Frame: CCW Only, J-frame: CCW Axial, CW Radial
3. K/L Frame Controls are not rotation dependent
4. K2 Frame electric controls are limited only for Left orientation and up to 260 Bar
Electric dump valve PC/LS controls
The electric dump valve pressure-compensated/load sense control allows the pump to operate as a
PC/LS type control under normal operating conditions. The solenoid dump valve overrides the LS control,
allowing the pump to operate in a Low-Pressure Standby mode. This function provides reduced
horsepower and torque loss in certain situations. It may be particularly useful to reduce loads on a system
during engine start.
When closed, the solenoid valve allows the control to act as a PC/LS control. When open, the solenoid
valve allows flow from the incoming load sense pressure to dump to case. This reduces the pressure in
the LS spring cavity, shifting the LS spool, and allows the pump to de-stroke to the Low-Pressure Standby
condition. This control is for applications needing a PC/LS control with the ability to switch to LowPressure Standby electronically. The solenoid valve is available in a normally closed and open
configuration.
For high cycling or power management applications, ensure to limit margin pressures to 60 bar or less for
optimal control component life.
Refer to LS System Over-Signaling on page 50 for more details.
Electric Dump Control (frames E, F and J)
Electronic Torque Limiting Controls (ETL)
PLUS+1 Compliance
All controls for this product have met and passed the Danfoss PLUS+1® compliance standard testing, and
as such, this product control is PLUS+1® Compliant. PLUS+1® compliance blocks (software) are available
on the Danfoss website, |
©
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 27
ETL load sense
connection port
P108779
S
M2
X
B
(ETL Signal
Port)
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Electric Torque Limiting Control Principle
The Electronic Torque Limiting control consists of a normally closed proportional relief valve (PRV)
integrated into a Pressure Compensated/Load Sensing control. This control operates as a PC/LS control,
with the additional ability to limit load sense pressure using the integrated PRV by varying the current to
the solenoid. When combined with an angle sensor, this control allows for a PC/LS control with electronic
torque limiting.
J-frame pump with integrated ETL control
Pump torque consumption is a function of pump outlet pressure, pump displacement, and pump
mechanical efficiency. When pump mechanical efficiency is considered constant, the pump torque can
be limited when pump displacement is known and pump pressure is controlled. As pump displacement
increases, the pump outlet pressure can be limited using the PRV to result in a constant torque limit.
Pump outlet pressure is equal to the load sense pressure, which is limited with the PRV, plus the margin
pressure setting of the pump.
28 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 50 100 150 200
Pump Pressure (bar)
Pump Displacement (cc)
Electronic Torque Limiting
Speed 1
Speed 2
Speed 3
P108783
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50
Basic ETL Control Logic
P108785
Current to Valve (mA)
Current to Valve (mA)
Maximum System Pressure - ETL Active (bar)
Pump Displacement (cc)
Maximum System Pressure (bar)
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
Electronic Torque Limiting Control Characteristic
The Electronic Torque Limiting control allows users to limit pump torque consumption electronically by
combining a pressure limiting PRV and angle sensor. This torque limit can be changed with varying
engine speeds (as shown in the Electronic Torque Limiting graph below), allowing the use of full engine
torque at all engine speeds and increasing machine productivity. A microcontroller is required to store
engine torque vs speed, receive the pump angle sensor signal, and then calculate and output the pump
outlet pressure limit. The basic torque limiting control logic for a single engine speed is shown below.
Danfoss offers a PLUS+1 subsystem application block for the Electronic Torque Limiting control option in
combination with keyed MC012-112 microcontroller hardware. The part number for the keyed
MC012-112 microcontroller is 11157484. Refer to graph Operating Pressure vs. Input Current (N.C. EPC) on
page 20 for pressure vs. current information.
©
Fan Drive Control (FDC)
PLUS+1 Compliance
All Series 45 Electric controls have met and passed the Danfoss PLUS+1 compliance standard testing, and
as such, this Series 45 control is PLUS+1 compliant. PLUS+1 compliance blocks (software) are available on
the Danfoss website, within the PLUS+1 Guide section.
Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201 | 29
Technical Information
Series 45 Pumps
General Information
30 | © Danfoss | January 2022 BC152886483703en-001201
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