Dalstar 1M60, DS-41-01M60, DS-42-01M60 User's Manual And Reference

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 1

1M60

DS-41-01M60
DS-42-01M60

60 fps 1k x 1k

CCD Camera

DALSA C32-10010-01

User’s Manual and Reference

Doc #: C32-10010

Rev: 01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 2

1M60 Camera User’s Manual Document Number C32-10010-01

© 2001 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate
and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves
the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this
manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission
having been obtained from DALSA.

About DALSA

DALSA specializes in the manufacture, design, research and development of high
performance digital imaging solutions. The DALSTAR 1M60 is part of a product
line that provides the highest spatial resolution at the highest data transfer speed of
any known products in the industry. DALSA’s image sensors and cameras are used
worldwide in document scanning, image capture, surveillance, process monitoring
and manufacturing inspection. DALSA also develops customized products for
specific customers and applications.

All DALSA products are manufactured using the latest state-of-the-art equipment to
ensure product reliability.

DALSTAR refers to all DALSA area scan products.

DALSA

Waterloo

605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s
extensive line of image sensing products, please contact us.

DALSA

Waterloo

605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

DALSA

Colorado Springs

5055 Corporate Plaza Drive
Colorado Springs, CO 80919
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

DALSA Sales Offices

DALSA

Europe

Breslauer Str. 34
D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich)
Germany

Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770
Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746

www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

DALSA Worldwide Operations

DALSA

Tucson

3450 S. Broadmont Dr. Suite #128
Tucson, AZ 85713-5245
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.med-optics.com
[e-mail]

Breslauer Str. 34
D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich)
Germany
Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770
Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

DALSA

Asia Pacific

DALSA

Europe

DALSA

Asia Pacific

Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 3

1M60 USER’ S M ANUAL

Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE 1M60 CAMERA .............................................................................. 5

CAMERA HIGHLIGHTS

................................................................................................................................5

Features.................................................................................................................................................. 5

Description ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Applications............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.2 I

1.3 C

MAGE SENSOR

AMERA PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

................................................................................................................................6

....................................................................................... 7

2.0 CAMERA HARDWARE INTERFACE......................................................................................... 8

2.1 I

2.2 I

2.3 LED S

2.4 P

2.5 D

NSTALLATION OVERVIEW

NPUT/OUTPUT

TATUS INDICATORS

OWER INPUT

ATA OUTPUT

................................................................................................................................8

.................................................................................................................................. 9

............................................................................................................................... 10

.............................................................................................................. 8

............................................................................................................... 9

Connector and Pinout........................................................................................................................... 10

Data Signals ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Data Clocking Signals.......................................................................................................................... 12

2.6 S

ERIAL COMMUNICATION

............................................................................................................. 12

Connector and Pinout........................................................................................................................... 12

Serial Communication Settings ............................................................................................................ 13

2.7 TTL T

RIGGER INPUT AND OUTPUT

............................................................................................... 14

Connector ............................................................................................................................................. 14

2.8 I

2.9 T

NTEGRATION TIME

IMING

.......................................................................................................................................... 15

....................................................................................................................... 14

Programmed Integration ...................................................................................................................... 15

3.0 CAMERA OPERATION............................................................................................................... 16

3.1 H

OW TO CONTROL THE CAMERA

................................................................................................... 16

Command Protocol Overview .............................................................................................................. 16

3.2 C

3.3 R

3.4 R

3.5 R

3.6 A

3.7 A

3.8 C

3.9 A

ONTROL REGISTER REFERENCE

EADING THE CAMERA TYPE

EADING THE FIRMWARE REVISION

ESETTING THE CAMERA

DJUSTING GAIN

DJUSTING ANTI-BLOOMING

ONTROLLING BINNING

DJUSTING USER OFFSET

........................................................................................................................... 19

.............................................................................................................. 18

................................................................................................................ 19

.............................................................................................................. 20

.................................................................................................. 17

........................................................................................................ 18

........................................................................................................ 19

.............................................................................................. 18

Reading Offset from the Camera .......................................................................................................... 21

3.10 T

3.11 C

RIGGERING

ONTROLLING INTEGRATION (SHUTTER TIME

NTEGRATION, AND FRAME RATE OVERVIEW

, I

) ............................................................................. 22

......................................................... 21

Free Running (Programmed Integration): ........................................................................................... 23

Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger ................................................................................................ 23

Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger .............................................................................................. 24

External Integration/SMA Connector................................................................................................... 24

External Integration/Serial Connector................................................................................................. 24

3.12 C

ONTROLLING FRAME RATE

......................................................................................................... 25

Free Running (Programmed Fame Rate) .............................................................................................25

External Trigger/SMA Connector......................................................................................................... 25

External Trigger/Serial Connector....................................................................................................... 25

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 4

4.0 OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................................ 26

4.1 M

4.2 M

4.3 M

ECHANICAL INTERFACE

ECHANICAL TOLERANCES

OUNTING THE CAMERA

.............................................................................................................. 26

.............................................................................................................. 27

.......................................................................................................... 27

5.0 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 28

5.1 C

LEANING

..................................................................................................................................... 28

Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor ......................................................................................28

Preventing ESD Damage...................................................................................................................... 28

Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches ....................................................................................... 29

Cleaning the Sensor Window................................................................................................................ 29

5.2 M

AINTENANCE

.............................................................................................................................. 29

TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................................................................. 30

7.0 WARRANTY .................................................................................................................................. 31

7.1 L

IMITED ONE-YEAR WARRANTY

.................................................................................................. 31

What We Do.......................................................................................................................................... 31

What is Not Covered............................................................................................................................. 31

How to Obtain Service for Your Equipment ......................................................................................... 31

8.0 INDEX ............................................................................................................................................. 32

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 5

C HAPTER 1

1.0 Introduction to the 1M60 Camera

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

1024 x 1024 resolution, frame transfer



CCD architecture.

 60 fps four outputs at full resolution,

20 MHz data rate

 True 12-bit digitization

High sensitivity with low dark current


 Progressive scan readout
 On-chip shutter
 Asynchronous image capture, externally triggerable to within 2 us.
 Selectable binning up to 2 x 2
 Programmable operation via RS232, including gain (1x and 4x), frame rate,

offset (-2047 to +2048), binning, and triggering.

 100% fill factor

Description

The 1M60 digital camera provides high-sensitivity 12-bit images with 1k x 1k spatial
resolution at up to 60 frames per second (fps). The 1M60 is a frame transfer CCD
camera using a progressive scan CCD to simultaneously achieve outstanding
resolution and gray scale characteristics. A square pixel format and high fill factor
provide superior, quantifiable image quality even at low light levels.

Applications

The 1M60 is an outstanding performer in fast, very high resolution applications.
True 12 bit performance provides up to 4096 distinct gray levels—perfect for
applications with large interscene light variations. The low-noise, digitized video
signal also makes the camera an excellent choice where low contrast images must be
captured in challenging applications.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 6

1.2 Image Sensor

Figure 1. Image Sensor Block Diagram Table 1. Sensor Structure

Sensor characteristics

Image Zone 14.34 x 14.34 mm
Pixel size 14µm x 14µm
Active pixels 1024 (H) x 1024 (V)
Total number of pixels 1024 (H) x 1044 (V)
Dummy Lines Top: 1 Bottom: 1
Dark Reference Lines Top: 7 Bottom: 6
Isolation Lines Top: 3 Bottom: 3
Inactive Lines Top: 0 Bottom: 1
Pre-scan Elements (per Zone) Left: 17

First
Pixel

1024 x 1024
Image Area

1024 x 1024
Memory Area

7 Dark Reference
3 Isolation

1024 Useful Pixels

3 Isolation
6 Dark Reference
1 Inactive

Table 2. Sensor Cosmetic Specifications

Type Allowable

Blemishes

Columns
Clusters
Pixels

5

10

100

Blemish Definition

• Pixel: Maximum Blemish area of 2x2 pixels.

• Cluster: Less than 7 contiguous defects in a

column

• Column: More than 7 contiguous defects in a
column

• Defects measured in darkness at 25

• Light Source: 2854 K with BG38 filter + F/3.5

optical aperture

• α: amplitude of video signal defect with
respect to mean output voltage Vos

WHITE
Vos=0.7 Vsat

> 10% Vos

α

α > 20% Vos
α > 20% Vos

°C

DARK
Vos=0.7Vsat

|α| 10% Vos
|α| 30% Vos
|α| 30% Vos

In Darkness
(ref Vo:Average
Darkness Signal)

>5 mV

α

α>10 mV
α>10 mV

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 7

1.3 Camera Performance Specifications

Table 3. 1M60 Camera Performance Specifications

Physical Characteristics Units

Resolution H x V pixels 1024 x 1024
Pixel Size µm 14 x 14
Pixel Fill Factor % 73.57
Size mm 94x94x102
Mass kg 0.85
Power Dissipation W < 17
Lens Mount F or C mount
Aperture mm

Regulatory Compliance Pending
Shock Immunity Pending
Vibration Immunity Pending

Operating Ranges Units

Frame Rate fps 7.5 110
Data Rate MHz 10 20
Data Format LVDS 12 bit
Responsivity DN/(nJ/cm2) 11@540 nm
Operating Temp °C 10 45
+15 Input Voltage V +14.925 +15.075
+5 Input Voltage V +4.975 +5.025

-5 Input Voltage V - 4.975 - 5.025
Nominal Gain Range 1x 4x

Calibration Conditions Units

Data Rate MHz 20 20 20
Frame Rate Hz 2.75
+15 Input Voltage V +15 +14.925 +15.075
+5 Input Voltage V +5 +4.975 +5.025

-5 Input Voltage V - 5 - 4.975 - 5.025
Ambient Temperature °C 25
Binning 1x1
Gain X 1

Electro-Optical Specifications Units

Dynamic Range dB 68.5
Pixel Response Non-Uniformity %rms 2.5 3.0
System Noise DN(rms) 1.0 1.2

14.34x14.34

Min. Max.

Setting Min. Max.

Min. Typical Max.

Notes:

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 8

C HAPTER 2

2.0

Camera Hardware Interface

2.1 Installation Overview

In order to set up your camera, you should take these initial steps:

This installation overview
assumes you have not
installed any system
components yet.

1. Power down all equipment.

2. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, install the frame grabber (if

applicable). Be sure to observe all static precautions.

3. Install any necessary imaging software.

4. Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies. Ensure that all
the correct voltages are present at the camera end of the power cable (the Camera

Performance Specifications earlier in this document list appropriate
voltages). Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section 2.4
Power Input.

5. Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged
cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged.

6. Connect data, serial interface, and power cables.

7. After connecting cables, apply power to the camera. The POST (power on
self test) LED on the back of the camera should glow green after one second
to indicate that the camera is operating and ready to receive commands.

2.2 Input/Output

The camera provides 12-bit LVDS data and synchronization signals through the
data output connectors. Camera functions such as frame rate, integration time,
binning, camera gain and offset are all controllable by the user via RS232 serial
port. The camera is capable of free running operation or may be triggered
externally via the input TRIGGER IN. TRIGGER OUT allows the
synchronization of shutters or illumination sources in free running or externally
triggered modes.

Figure 2. Camera Inputs/Outputs

Data outputs

Power supply input

DALSA C32-10010-01

ON

P
O
W
E
R

S/N _______________

D

D

A

A

T

T

A

A

1

2

POST

BIN

MODE

IN

OUT
S

E
R
I
A
L

T
R
I
G
G
E
R

LED Status indicators

Trigger input & output

Serial port

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 9

2.3 LED Status Indicators

There are four LED’s visible on the rear cover of the camera that indicate the status
of the camera.

Table 4. LED Functions

LED Label Color LED “ON” LED “OFF”
ON Green Camera is receiving power There is no camera power
POST Green Camera Power On Self Test successful Camera failed Power On Self Test
BIN Red Camera is operating in a binning mode Camera is operating unbinned

(1x1)

MODE Red Camera is in an external trigger mode (uses

external signal to trigger image capture)

Camera is triggering image
capture internally

2.4 Power Input

Table 5. Power Connector Pinout

!

WARNING: It is
extremely important
that you apply the
appropriate voltages to
your camera. Incorrect
voltages will damage
the camera.

Pin Symbol
1 +5V
2 +5V
3 - 5V
4 +15V
5 NC
6 NC
7 GND
8 GND
9 +5V
10 - 5V
11 +15V
12 NC
13 NC
14 GND
15 GND

1

9

15

8

DB15M

(AMP Part # 747236-4

or equivalent)

The camera has the following input power
requirements.

V

(DC)

+15 0.5 < 5 0.45

+5 0.5 < 5 1.88

-5 0.5 < 5 0.58

Note: Performance specifications are not

guaranteed if your power supply does not
meet these requirements.

Many high quality supplies are available
from other vendors. DALSA assumes no
responsibility for the use of these supplies.

±%

Max

Ripple

mV

A

When setting up the camera’s power supplies, follow these guidelines:

• Do not connect or disconnect cable while power is on.

• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.

• Use high-quality linear supplies to minimize noise.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 10

2.5 Data Output

Data channel outputs represent the CCD per the following (Image viewed from the
front of the CCD).

ABCD

The camera back panel output connectors DATA1 and DATA2 utilize differential
LVDS signals with pin assignments as follows:

Connector and Pinout

Table 6. DATA1 Connector Pinout

Pin Symbol Pin Symbol Pin Symbol Pin Symbol
1 DA0+ 16 Reserved 31 DB8- 46 GND
2 DA0- 17 DA7+ 32 DB8+ 47 DB11­3 DA1+ 18 DA7- 33 DB7- 48 DB11+
4 DA1- 19 DA8+ 34 DB7+ 49 DB10­5 DA2+ 20 DA8- 35 DB6- 50 DB10+
6 DA2- 21 DA9+ 36 DB6+ 51 DB9­7 DA3+ 22 DA9- 37 DB5- 52 DB9+
8 DA3- 23 DA10+ 38 DB5+ 53 Reserved
9 DA4+ 24 DA10- 39 DB4- 54 Reserved
10 DA4- 25 DA11+ 40 DB4+ 55 VSYNC­11 DA5+ 26 DA11- 41 DB3- 56 VSYNC+
12 DA5- 27 DB0+ 42 DB3+ 57 HSYNC­13 DA6+ 28 DB0- 43 DB2- 58 HSYNC+
14 DA6- 29 DB1+ 44 DB2+ 59 PIXCLK­15 Reserved 30 DB1- 45 GND 60 PIXCLK+

NC = No Connect. These pins are unused.

15

16

45

46

60

31

30

1

(Molex Part #
70928-2000
or equivalent)

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 11

Table 7. DATA2 Connector Pinout

Pin Symbol Pin Symbol Pin Symbol Pin Symbol
1 DC0+ 16 Reserved 31 DD8- 46 GND
2 DC0- 17 DC7+ 32 DD8+ 47 DD11­3 DC1+ 18 DC7- 33 DD7- 48 DD11+
4 DC1- 19 DC8+ 34 DD7+ 49 DD10­5 DC2+ 20 DC8- 35 DD6- 50 DD10+
6 DC2- 21 DC9+ 36 DD6+ 51 DD9­7 DC3+ 22 DC9- 37 DD5- 52 DD9+
8 DC3- 23 DC10+ 38 DD5+ 53 Reserved
9 DC4+ 24 DC10- 39 DD4- 54 Reserved
10 DC4- 25 DC11+ 40 DD4+ 55 VSYNC­11 DC5+ 26 DC11- 41 DD3- 56 VSYNC+
12 DC5- 27 DD0+ 42 DD3+ 57 HSYNC­13 DC6+ 28 DD0- 43 DD2- 58 HSYNC+
14 DC6- 29 DD1+ 44 DD2+ 59 PIXCLK­15 Reserved 30 DD1- 45 GND 60 PIXCLK+

15

16

45

46

60

31

30

1

(Molex Part #
70928-2000
or equivalent)

!

WARNING. Care must be taken when connecting Data cables to the camera to insure

proper connection and to prevent damage to the connector.

Data Signals

Table 8. Data Signal Definition

Signal Description
D*0+, D*0- Data bit 0 true and complement--Output. (Least significant bit)
D*1+, D*1- Data bit 1 true and complement--Output.

IMPORTANT:

This camera uses the

falling

edge of the
pixel clock to register
data.

D*2+, D*2- Data bit 2 true and complement--Output.
D*3-D*10+,- etc. Etc.
D*11+, D*11- Data bit 11 true and complement--Output. (Most significant bit)

Digitized video data is output from the camera as LVDS differential signals using
two Molex 60-pin connectors on the rear panel (labeled “DATA1” and “DATA2”).
The data is synchronous and is accompanied by a pixel clock and clocking signals.

Note: Data frequency is dependent on binning mode. Reference section 3.10 –

Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 12

Data Clocking Signals

Table 9. Clock Signal Descriptions

Signal Description
PIXCLK+, PIXCLK- Pixel clock true and complement. 20MHz (unbinned) -- Output.

Data is valid on the falling edge. Note that data and PIXCLK frequency is
dependent on binning mode. Reference section 3.10 – Triggering,
Integration, and Frame Rate Overview

HSYNC+, HSYNC- Horizontal sync, true and complement--Output.

HSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid line of data. The
number of valid lines in a frame depends on binning mode. Reference section

3.10 – Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview.

VSYNC+, VSYNC- Vertical sync, true and complement--Output.

VSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid frame of data.

2.6 Serial Communication

Connector and Pinout

The serial interface provides control of frame rate, integration time (shuttering),
video gain and offset, pixel binning, external trigger and external integration (for
information on how to control these functions, see “Operating the Camera” later in
this document). The remote interface consists of a two-wire (plus ground) full duplex
RS-232 compatible serial link, used for camera configuration, and two back panel
SMA coax connectors used for external trigger input and output

The camera uses an RJ-11 telephone-style connector for
serial communications, with four conductors installed in a
six-position connector. Note that both four- and six­conductor plugs may be used interchangeably with the RJ­11 jack.

IMPORTANT: Both the PC/AT and the camera are configured

as “DTE” (Data Terminal Equipment) devices requiring the
TXD and RXD lines to be swapped when interconnecting
the two (note that pin 4, normally the yellow wire, is not
used on the RJ-11.) That is, the TXD pin represents DATA
OUT and the RXD pin represents DATA IN on both devices, so that one device’s
TXD line must connect to the other device’s RXD line and vice-versa.

RJ-11

View into female jack

6-position with 4 conductors

RXDTXDGND

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 13

Figure 3. 25 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ-11 Connector

Figure 4. 9 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ-11 Connector

Serial Communication Settings

The serial interface operates at RS-232 levels with fixed
parameters of 9600 baud, 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit,
and no parity. The interface uses only three wires, for
received data, transmitted data, and ground. In general
writing data must start with a write command byte and be
followed by a data byte. Reading a camera register
requires only a single read command byte.

!

DALSA C32-10010-01

WARNING:

sent to the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up.

Due to initialization sequencing after power-up, no commands should be

Serial Port Configuration

Baud 9600, fixed
Start bits 1
Data bits 8
Stop bits 1
Parity None

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 14

The remote interface connector, on the cameras rear panel, is
specified as a low-profile RJ-11 modular connector. The connector
is a 6-position model, but only the center four positions are
populated with contacts. It will mate with either the 4-position or 6­position cable plugs. This type of connector typically requires
special assembly tools; complete cable assemblies are available from
suppliers such as Digi-Key:

DALSA provides serial cables in 3 lengths: 10’, 20’ and 50’. Part number CL-31-00004-xx (where xx
refers to the cable length in feet).

2.7 TTL Trigger Input and Output

Connector

The camera uses an SMA connector (labeled TRIGGER IN) to allow the user to
provide a standard TTL signal to control camera integration and readout. The input is
high impedance (>10K) allowing the user to terminate at the SMA input as needed.
The camera has another SMA connector (TRIGGER OUT) that provides a standard
TTL output which is high whenever the camera is integrating.

Serial Cable Source
Digi-Key

701 Brooks Ave. South
Thief River Falls, MN 56701
1-800-344-4539
cable part number:
H2643-14-ND (14 feet)

Figure 5. Trigger Timing Description

TTL Trigger Input

2.8 Integration Time

The minimum integration time (or shutter time) is 5 µs. As with any full frame
imager, the camera will continue to integrate during read out unless externally
shuttered or strobed.

Min. 5 µs

1.5 us
+/- 0.5

Integration

DALSA C32-10010-01

V

SYNC

A

HSYNC

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 15

2.9 Timing

Programmed Integration

The 1M60 pixel clock runs at 20 MHz, so each pixel clock cycle will be 1/20,000,000 or
50 ns. The following diagram and tables describe the correct timing requirements for the
1M60 camera.

Figure 6. 1M60 Timing

Data

PIXEL
CLOCK

IMPORTANT:

This camera uses

the falling edge of

the pixel clock to

register data.

B

1

“A” represents the number of falling clock edges from the rising edge of VSYNC to the

rising edge of HSYNC.

“B” represents the number of falling clock edges prior to the first word. (Pre-Scan

pixels)
“C” represents the number of words per line.
“D” represents the number of falling clock edges between the last word and the falling

edge of HSYNC. (Post-Scan pixels)
“E” represents the number of falling clock edges between a falling HSYNC and a

rising HSYNC.
“F” represents the number of falling clock edges from the falling edge of HSYNC to

the falling edge of VSYNC

C

23

C

D

E

F

Table 10. HSYNC Pixel Timing

Horizontal
Binning
Mode

1x 68 14 256 2 24 2
2x 42 12 128 1 15 1

A B C D E F

Table 11. VSYNC Pixel Timing (HSYNC falling edges/VSYNC falling edge)

Vertical
Binning
Mode

1x 10 1024 10
2x 5 512 5

Pre-Scan

Lines/Frame

Active

Lines/Frame

Post Scan

Lines/Frame

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 16

C HAPTER 3

3.0

Camera Operation

3.1 How to Control the Camera

The 1M60’s RS-232-compatible serial interface allows you to control its
configuration and operation, including:

 Triggering Mode
 Binning

Integration Time


 Gain
 Offset

Command Protocol Overview

The camera accepts 8-bit command/value pairs via its RJ­11 serial port using RS-232 compatible signals. Camera
commands are “clock” commands which apply to the
electronics that drive the image sensor. These include
clock generation, frame rate, integration time, and
binning. Each set of commands includes read and write
variants. With the exception of reset commands, all 8-bit
write commands must be followed by an 8-bit data byte.
The commands are interpreted as follows:

Serial Port Configuration
Baud 9600, fixed

Start bits 1
Data bits 8
Stop bits 1
Parity None

WARNING:

addresses may overwrite camera calibration information, requiring the camera to be

!

DALSA C32-10010-01

returned for recalibration.

WARNING:

the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up.

Any commands not listed should be considered invalid. Writing to invalid

Due to initialization sequencing after power-up, no commands should be sent to

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 17

3.2 Control Register Reference

A number of functions and modes depend on the control register settings. These
settings are detailed in the following sections.

The “Write Control Register” command is used to write a register that controls
specific camera triggering and test functions. This command must be followed by a
data byte with bits defined as shown in the following table.

The “Read Control Register” command allows interrogation of the camera to
determine current configuration of the control register.

Table 12. Control Register Bit Definitions

Register Write

Command
Reset 80h 7:0 Resets all registers to default values NA
Camera Type NA C3h 7:0 Read camera type 02h
Firmware Rev NA C5h 7:0 Read firmware revision NA
Register 1 82h C2h

Register 2 84h C4h 7:0 User Offset MS Byte (Bits 11-4 of 12 bits) 00h
Register 3 88h C8h

Read
Command

Bit Function Default

7 Integration Mode

0=Internal
1=External

6 Video Gain

0=1x
1=4x

5 Anti-Blooming

0 = Anti-Blooming Enabled
1 = Anti-Blooming Disabled

4 Binning Mode

0 = 1x1
1 = 2x2

3 Trigger Mode

0=Internal
1=External

2:0 Shutter Control

000 = None (Frame Rate Controlled)
100 = 8 ms (1/125)
101 = 4 ms (1/250)
110 = 2 ms (1/500)
111 = 1 ms (1/1000)

7 Serial Trigger (If Integrate mode=1) 0
6:4 Frame Rate

000 = 60 fps
001 = 30 fps
010 = 15 fps
011 = 7.5 fps
100 = 110 fps (2x2 binninf only)

3:0 Pixel Offset LS nibble 000

0

0

0

0

00

000

000

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 18

3.3 Reading the Camera Type

This read command returns an 8-bit value unique to the type of camera interrogated.
A 1M60 will return a value of 02h when this command is issued. This is useful for
applications that need to function with multiple DALSTAR camera types.

Example: Read the camera type

Command Value Returned (1M60)
Binary 1100 0011 0000 0010
Hex C3h 02h

3.4 Reading the Firmware Revision

This command returns a byte in which the lower nibble is the revision number for the
clock board firmware and the upper nibble is undefined. The ability to read this
value may assist in customer support issues.

Example: Read the firmware version

Command
Binary 1100 0101
Hex C5h

3.5 Resetting the Camera

This is the only “write” command that is not followed by a data byte. This command
resets all clock board registers to their default values (the values used at power-up).

Table 13. Default values in effect after reset

Feature 1M60 Default
Frame Rate (fps) 60
Integration Time (ms) 15.8
Resolution (pixels) 1024 x 1024
Video Gain 1x
Binning Mode 1x1
Pixel Offset 0
Triggering INTERNAL
Integration Control INTERNAL
Data Rate (MHz) 20

Example

Use this command to reset the camera:

Command Value
Binary 1000 0000 ­Hex 80h -

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 19

3.6 Adjusting Gain

Bit [6] of register 1 is the Video Gain control bit. When this bit=0 the video channel
gain=1x. When this bit =1, the video channel gain=4x.

Example

Use this command to set the gain to 4x:

Command Value

Binary 1000 0010 *1** ****
Hex 82h **h

Note: The register containing the Gain bit also controls other configuration data. All

bits must be set appropriately.

Note: At any gain setting, the CCD imager is still subject to blooming when it is over

illuminated. To remedy over illumination, reduce the integration time or select a
higher f-stop value

3.7 Adjusting Anti-Blooming

Bit [5] of register 1 is the Anti-Blooming control bit. When this bit=0 anti-blooming
is enabled. When this bit = 1, anti-blooming is disabled.

Example

Use this command to disable Anti-Blooming

Command Value

Binary 1000 0010 **1* ****
Hex 82h **h

Note: The register containing the Anti-Blooming bit also contains other

configuration data. All bits (*) must be set appropriately.

Note: At any gain setting, the CCD imager is still subject to blooming when it is over

illuminated. To remedy over illumination, reduce the integration time or select a
higher f-stop value

3.8

Controlling Binning

Binning increases the camera’s light sensitivity by decreasing horizontal and vertical
resolution—the charge collected by adjacent pixels is added together.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 20

Example: 2x2 Binning

More charge

brighter pixel

q3

q1

Charge in

4 adjacent pixels

The 1M60 is capable of 2x2 binning. Bit [4] of register 1 is the Binning control bit.
When this bit=0 the camera is in standard 1x1 mode. When this bit = 1, the camera
will operate with 2x2 binning.

=

q4

q2

2

q1

+

q2

+

q3

+

q4

1

Charge binned:

1 pixel output

a

Normal image Binned image

a

Example: Setting the camera to 2x2 binning mode

Command Value
Binary 1000 0010 **** 1***
Hex 82h **h

Note: When the camera is in 2x2 binning mode, the BIN LED on the right side of

the rear cover will be illuminated.

Note: The register containing the Binning bit also contains other configuration data.

All bits (*) must be set appropriately.

3.9 Adjusting User Offset

User offset is adjustable from -2047 to +20478 by a 12 bit value as an MS and LS
byte. The offset data is only written when the most-significant 8 bits are written to
the MS Offset register. Therefore, the lower 4 bits should be written first to the LS
Offset register, followed by the upper 8 bits, which will cause the offset to be applied
to the pixel output.

The pixel offset data is written as a 2’s compliment number. Therefore either
positive or negative offsets can be added to the pixel output to enhance the image
contrast.

The offset value that is programmed effects the pixel offset by a ratio of about 8 to 5.
So, for that example, if an offset value of a positive 16 is entered to registers 2 and
3 the resulting pixel data will be adjusted by a positive 10.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 21

PIXEL OFFSET EXAMPLES.

Programmed Offset

Decimal/2’s Complement

88 (058h) X8h 05h 55 (37h)

-96 (FA0h – 2’s compliment) X0h FAh -60 (-FC4h)
152 (098h) X8h 09h 95 (5Fh)

-2040 (808h) X8h 80h -1275 (-4FBh)

The read user offset commands allow the user to read back this information from the
camera.

Register 3 Register 2 Resulting Pixel

Reading Offset from the Camera

To read the offset setting from the camera, use these commands:

Read LSB Read MSB
Binary 1100 1000 1100 0100
Hex C8h C4h

Note: Register 3 contains other configuration data. All bits must bet set to the

appropriate values.

Offset

3.10 Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview

Image capture triggering, integration, and frame rate are closely related.

 Integration time can be less than 1/frame rate, but it can never be greater.
 You can program fixed integration and frame rates (or use defaults) and let the

camera “free run.”

 You can program fixed integration time and supply a (asynchronous) trigger

signal to control frame rate, either by toggling a bit or by supplying a TTL pulse
on the SMA connector. This is referred to as “Programmed Integration/External
Trigger Mode.”

 You can also have the camera integrate as long as an asynchronous TTL pulse is

held high. This pulse will therefore control both integration time and frame rate.
This is also known as “External Integrate Mode.”

For a given frame rate, the maximum integration time is limited to the frame period
less an overhead factor required for proper operation of the CCD. Maximum
integration time is defined by this equation:

Max Integration Time = (1/Frame Rate) – Readout Time

This equation is valid for all binning modes, free running, external trigger and
external integrate modes.

Note that binning mode impacts the Read Time and limits Integration Time.

!

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 22

WARNING: Do not set integration time higher than the limits of the equation above.

Unpredictable operation may result

Table 14. Integration/Frame Rate Limits

Binning Read out

Time (mS)

1 x 1 15.46 60 20 15.8
2 x 2 8.15 110 10 8.2

The default integration time was chosen to give a frame rate of 60 fps (see section

3.12 Controlling Frame Rate). Changing the integration time involves writing to the
three integration time registers.

Max
Frame
Rate

Data Rate
(MHz)

Integration
Value (ms)

3.11 Controlling Integration (Shutter Time)

The 1M60 allows you to control integration (also known as exposure time or shutter
time) in five ways.



Programmed Integration/Free Running: (default) The camera free runs with
the internally programmed integration time and frame rate



Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger: The camera will integrate for the
internally programmed time when triggered by a TTL high pulse on the SMA
connector.



Programmed Integration/Serial trigger: The camera will integrate for the
internally programmed time when triggered by high signal on the serial
interface.



External Integration/SMA Trigger: The camera will integrate as long as the
TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector is high. The integration time is
effectively the input pulse width. In this mode, TRIGGER IN also controls the
frame rate.



External Integration/Serial Trigger: The camera will integrate as long as the
serial bit is held high. The integration time is effectively the input pulse width.
In this mode, the serial signal also controls the frame rate. Due to variation in
the host operating system, this mode is generally used only for camera setup and
functional testing.

The register settings required for each mode are defined in the following table

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 23

Table 15. Integration/Trigger Modes

Mode Register 1

Bit [7]

INTEGRATE
Programmed Integration/Free Running 0 0
Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger 0 1
Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger 0 1
External Integration/SMA Trigger 1 1
External Integration/Serial Trigger 1 1

* Indicates bit state not considered

Whenever the Integrate Mode or External Trigger Mode bits are set the MODE LED
on the right side of the rear cover will light to indicate that an externally
synchronized mode is active.

Register 1

Bit [3]

EXT Trigger

Free Running (Programmed Integration):

The camera speed is controlled by selecting the integration time value in the
Integration Time register. The camera will run at maximum speed for the
programmed integration time.

Example: Set integration time to 4ms (1/250 s)

1.0 Using the command 82h, set bit [7] of the data byte to 0 (Integration Mode =
Internal), bit [3] of the data byte to 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal), and bits [2:0]
to 101.

NOTE: All bits within the register are written at one time. Ensure the correct value

for all bits are used when changing camera modes.

Write Integration LS Byte

Command Value
Binary 1000 0 010 0*** 0101
Hex 82h *5h

Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger

For external SMA controlled triggering with a programmed integration time, a TTL
rising edge on the TRIGGER IN (or SYNC) signal triggers the camera to acquire
one frame of data. Integration begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops when
the programmed integration time has completed. After that single frame acquisition,
the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting for a new
External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is “armed”
when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising edges, or
triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 24

Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the Serial Trigger input, care must be
taken to ensure the serial bit [7] of register 3 is equal to a logic 0 while in SMA
Trigger mode.

Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger

For external serial controlled triggering with a programmed integration time, a TTL
rising edge on bit [7] of serial register 3 triggers the camera to acquire one frame of
data. Integration begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops when the
programmed integration time has completed. After that single frame acquisition, the
camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting for a new
External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is “armed”
when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising edges, or
triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out.

Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the TRIGGER IN Sync input, care must
be taken to ensure the TRIGGER IN signal is equal to a logic 0 while in Serial
Trigger mode.

External Integration/SMA Connector

When in External Integration/SMA mode, a TTL rising edge on the TRIGGER IN
(or SYNC) signal triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data. Integration
begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops after the falling edge. After that
single frame acquisition, the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”,
thus waiting for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition.
The camera is “armed” when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No

additional rising edges, or triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition
or frame read out (850 us). This means in this mode TRIGGER IN necessarily

controls both integration and frame rate.

When the camera is in External Integrate Mode the red LED will light on the back
panel to indicate the camera is expecting a signal on the rear panel SMA connector.

Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the Serial Trigger input, care must be
taken to ensure the serial bit [7] of register 3 is equal to a logic 0 while in SMA
Trigger mode.

External Integration/Serial Connector

When in External Integration/Serial mode, a TTL rising edge on serial bit [7] of
register 3 triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data. Integration begins within
2 us after the rising edge and stops after the falling edge. After that single frame
acquisition, the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting
for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is
“armed” when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising

edges, or triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out
(850 us). This means in this mode TRIGGER IN necessarily controls both

integration and frame rate.

When the camera is in External Integrate Mode the red LED will light on the back
panel to indicate the camera is expecting a signal on the rear panel SMA connector.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 25

Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the TRIGGER IN Sync input, care must
be taken to ensure the TRIGGER IN signal is equal to a logic 0 while in Serial
Trigger mode.

3.12 Controlling Frame Rate

The 1M60 allows you to control frame rate in three ways.



Free Running (Programmed Frame Rate): (default) The camera free runs
with the internally programmed frame rate time and integration time.



External Trigger/Internal Integration: The camera frame rate will be
controlled by the TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector. The camera
will integrate for the programmed integration time. (Reference section 3.10
Controlling Integration Mode)



External Integration: The camera frame rate will be controlled by the TTL
pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector. The camera will integrate fas long
as the pulse is held high. In this mode, TRIGGER IN also controls integration.
(Reference section 3.10 Controlling Integration Mode)

Free Running (Programmed Fame Rate)

To specify programmed frame rate, you must set bit [7] of register 1 = 0 (Integrate
Mode = Internal), and bit [3] of register 1 = 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal). Next, write
the frame rate bit value to the Frame Rate register.

Example: Set the Frame Rate to 30 fps

1.0 Reference section 3.10 Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview to
ensure the desired frame rate can be supported for the selected binning and
integration modes.

2.0 Using the command 82h, set bit [7] of the data byte to 0 (Integration Mode =
Internal), bit [3] of the data byte to 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal), and bits [2:0]
of shutter control to 000.

NOTE: All bits within the register are written at one time. Ensure the correct
value for all bits are used when changing camera modes.

3.0 Use command 88h to set bits [6:4] of control register 3 to the integration time
value 001.

Value = 30 fps

Write Frame Rate LS Byte Write Frame Rate Center Byte

Command Value Command Value
Binary 1000 0 010 0*** 0000 1000 1000 *001 ****
Hex 82h *0h 88h **h

External Trigger/SMA Connector

Refer to section 3.11 Controlling Integration Mode.

External Trigger/Serial Connector

Refer to section 3.11 Controlling Integration Mode.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 26

HAPTER

C

4

4.0

Optical and Mechanical Considerations

4.1 Mechanical Interface

Figure 7. Camera Dimensions

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 27

4.2 Mechanical Tolerances

Table 16. Mechanical Tolerances

Additional Dimensions

Center of sensor with respect to lens mount < 0.002"
Planarity of lens flange to sensor < 0.004"
Rotation of sensor

< 0.2°Υ

4.3 Mounting the Camera

The 1M60 can be mounted via the3/8” deep, 1/4”-20 threaded tripod mount located
on the bottom of the camera.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 28

C HAPTER 5.0

5.1

Cleaning

5.0

Cleaning and Maintenance

Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor

Charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors are metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)
devices and are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Although
many sensor pins have ESD protection circuitry, the ESD protection circuitry in
CCDs is typically not as effective as those found in standard CMOS circuits.

Electrostatic charge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce charge
buildup on the underside of the window that cannot be readily dissipated by the dry
nitrogen gas in the sensor package cavity. When charge buildup occurs, surface
gated photodiodes (SGPDs) may exhibit higher image lag. Some SGPD sensors may
also exhibit a highly non-uniform response when affected by charge build-up, with
some pixels displaying a much higher response when the sensor is exposed to
uniform illumination. The charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor
returns to normal operation.

Preventing ESD Damage

To prevent ESD damage, DALSA advises you to take the following handling
precautions.

1. Ground yourself prior to handling CCDs.

2. Ensure that your ground and your workbench are also properly grounded.

Install conductive mats if your ground or workbench is non-conductive.

3. Use bare hands or non-chargeable cotton gloves to handle CCDs. NOTE:

Rubber fingercots can introduce electrostatic charge if the rubber comes in
contact with the sensor window.

4. Handle the CCD from the edge of the ceramic package and avoid touching the

sensor pins.

5. Do not touch the window, especially in the region over the imaging area.

6. Ground all tools and mechanical components that come in contact with the

CCD.

7. DALSA recommends that CCDs be handled under ionized air to prevent static

charge buildup.

8. Always store the devises in conductive foam. Alternatively, clamps can be used

to short all the CCD pins together before storing.

The above ESD precautions need to be followed at all times, even when there is
no evidence of CCD damage. The rate which electrostatic charge dissipates
depends on numerous environmental conditions and an improper handling
procedure that does not appear to be damaging the CCDs immediately may
cause damage with a change in environmental conditions.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 29

Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches

The CCD window is part of the optical path and should be handled like other
optical components, with extreme care.

Dust can obscure pixels, producing dark patches on the sensor response. Dust is
most visible when the illumination is collimated. The dark patches shift position
as the angle of illumination changes. Dust is normally not visible when the
sensor is positioned at the exit port of an integrating sphere, where the
illumination is diffuse.

Dust can normally be removed by blowing the window surface using clean, dry,
compressed air, unless the dust particles are being held by an electrostatic
charge, in which case either an ionized blower or wet cleaning is necessary.

Oil is usually introduced during handling. Touching the surface of the window
barehanded will leave oily residues. Using rubber fingercots and rubber gloves
can prevent contamination. However, the friction between rubber and the
window may produce electrostatic charge that may damage the sensor. To avoid
ESD damage and to avoid introducing oily residues, only hold the sensor from
the edges of the ceramic package and avoid touching the sensor pins and the
window.

Scratches can be caused by improper handling, cleaning or storage of the
sensor. Vacuum picking tools should not come in contact with the window
surface. CCDs should not be stored in containers where they are not properly
secured and can slide against the container.

Scratches diffract incident illumination. When exposed to uniform illumination,
a sensor with a scratched window will normally have brighter pixels adjacent to
darker pixels. The location of these pixels will change with the angle of
illumination.

Cleaning the Sensor Window

1.Use clean, dry, compressed air to blow off loose particles. This step alone is
usually sufficient to clean the sensor window.

2. If further cleaning is required, use a lens wiper moistened with alcohol.

3. We recommend using lint free, ESD safe cloth wipers that do not contain
particles that can scratch the window.

4. Wipe the window carefully and slowly.

5.2 Maintenance

There are no user serviceable parts on this camera. Please contact DALSA
service.

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 30

G

d

d

?

C HAPTER 6.0

NO

Correct Triggering.

YES

Is there more than

one trigger signal

(SMA vs. Serial)?

YES

Is the MODE

LED Illuminate

6.0

NO

Troubleshooting

START

Is the ON LED

Illuminated?

YES

Is the POST

LED

illuminated?

YES

EXT

FREE RUNNIN

or EXTERNAL

Triggering?

NO

NO

FREE

Verify the DC power supply and

cabling are correct by checking

voltages at the camera end of the

power cable. WARNING –

Power down the camera before

disconnecting the cables!

The camera did not pass the

Power on Self Test. Power

down the camera and verify the
Serial Port and Data Port cables
are as specified in section 2.5 &

2.6. Power the camera back up.

Is the MODE

LED Illuminate

NO

NO

The camera is Free Running.

Set the External Trigger bit in

the Control Registers to “1”.

CONGRATULATIONS! You

now have one of the world’s best

cameras in operation!

YES

Did this resolve

your problem?

NO

We apologize for the difficulties.

Please contact your DALSA

technical support representative

for additional information.

YES

The camera is attempting to

trigger from an external source.

Reset the External Trigger bit in

the Control Registers to “0”

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 31

C HAPTER 7

7.0

Warranty

7.1 Limited One-Year Warranty

What We Do

This product is warranted by DALSA for one year from date of original purchase.
Please refer to your Purchase Order Confirmation for details.

What is Not Covered

This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse,
or as a result of service or modification by other than DALSA, or by hardware,
software, interfacing or peripherals not provided by DALSA. DALSA shall have no
obligation to modify or update products once manufactured. This warranty does not
apply to DALSA Software Products.

Note: if the camera has a non-standard cover glass (e.g. taped) the warranty is void
on the CCD.

How to Obtain Service for Your Equipment

If you want to return your product for repair, contact DALSA Customer Service in
order to obtain a Return Goods Authorization form. Repair cannot begin until the
form is issued, completed, and returned to DALSA

DALSA Technical Support

Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]

DALSA C32-10010-01

1M60 Camera User’s Manual 32

1M60 CAMERA U SER’ S M ANUAL I NDEX

8.0

A

About DALSA, 2
Aperture, 7
Applications, 5

B

baud, 13
BIN LED, 9
Binning, 19

C

Calibration Conditions, 7
Clocking Signals, 12
Command Protocol Overview,

16
Connector, 12, 14
connectors, 9
Connectors, 10
Control Register, 17

Index

G

Gain

adjusting, 19

Gain Range, 7

H

hard reset, 18
HSYNC, 12

I

Image Sensor, 6

Image Sensor Block Diagram, 6

Installation Overview, 8
Integration Mode, 22
integration time, 21

L

LED Status Indicators, 9

Performance Specifications, 7
Physical Characteristics, 7
pinout, 9
Pinout, 10, 11, 12
PIXCLK, 12
Pixel Size, 7
POST LED, 9
Power Dissipation, 7

R

Resolution, 7
RJ-11, 12

S

Serial Communication, 12
Size, 7
Specifications, 7
start bit, 13
stop bit, 13

T

D

data bits, 13
Data Rate, 7
DTE, 12
Dynamic Range, 7

E

External Integrate Mode, 24, 25

F

Features, 5
Firmware Revision, 18
Frame Rate, 7, 25

M

Mass, 7
MODE LED, 9

O

Offset, 20

adjusting, 20

ON LED, 9
Operating Ranges, 7
Operating Temp, 7

P

parity, 13

Technical Support, 31
telephone-style connector, 12
Temperature, 7
Triggering, 21
TTL Trigger, 14

V

VSYNC, 12

W

Warranty, 31

DALSA C32-10010-01