Dalsa SC-30-02k80-00-R, SC-30-04k80-00-R User Manual

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Spyder3 Color

Camera Link

User’s Manual

SC-30-02k80-00-R SC-30-04k80-00-R

Bilinear Color Line Scan Camera

26-Jun-09

03-032-20059-00

www.dalsa.com

2 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

© 2009 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA.

About DALSA

DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing semiconductor products and services. DALSA’s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics technology, software, and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing. Products and services include image sensor components; electronic digital cameras; vision processors; image processing software; and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS, high-voltage semiconductors, image sensors and mixed-signal CMOS chips. DALSA is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol DSA. The Company has its corporate offices in Waterloo, ON and over 1000 employees world-wide.

For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s extensive line of image sensing products, please call:

DALSA Sales Offices

North America Europe Asia Pacific

700 Technology Park Drive

Billerica, MA USA, 01821 Tel: 978-670-2000 Fax: 978-670-2010 sales.americas@dalsa.c

Breslauer Str. 34 D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich) Germany Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770 Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746 sales.europe@dalsa.com

Ikebukuro East 1 3F 3-4-3 Higashi Ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo Japan +81 3 5960 6353 (phone) +81 3 5960 6354 (fax) sales.asia@dalsa.com

DALSA Research & Development Facilities

Waterloo Montreal Eindhoven

605 McMurray Rd Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023

7075 Place RobertJoncas Suite #142 St. Laurent, Quebec Canada, H4M 2Z2 Tel: 514 333 1301 Fax: 514 333 1388

High Tech Campus 27 (M/S 14) 5656 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands Tel: +31 40 2599000 Fax: +31 40 2599005

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 3

Contents

1 Introduction______________________________________________________________5

1.1 Camera Highlights.........................................................................................................................5

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications.............................................................................................7

1.3 Image Sensor................................................................................................................................ 9

1.4 Responsivity.................................................................................................................................. 9

2 Setting Up the Camera _____________________________________________________ 11

2.1 Installation Overview.....................................................................................................................11

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED................................................................................................11

2.3 Power Connector........................................................................................................................... 12

2.4 Camera LED.................................................................................................................................. 13

2.5 Camera Link Data Connector........................................................................................................13

2.6 Camera Link Video Timing............................................................................................................ 16

3 Optical, Mechanical, and Electrical Considerations _______________________________19

3.1 Mechanical Interface.....................................................................................................................19

3.2 Optical Interface............................................................................................................................21

3.3 Electrical Interface.........................................................................................................................23

4 Software Interface_________________________________________________________25

4.1 Spyder3 Camera Link ASCII Commands......................................................................................25

4.2 First Power Up Camera Settings...................................................................................................26

4.3 Sensor Output Format...................................................................................................................29

4.4 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time............................................................................ 31

4.5 Color Commands...........................................................................................................................39

4.6 Data Processing............................................................................................................................ 41

4.7 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain.................................................................................42

4.8 End-of-line Sequence....................................................................................................................49

4.9 Saving and Restoring Settings......................................................................................................51

4.10 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients....................................................................52

4.11 Saving and Restoring User Settings Using X-Modem.................................................................53

4.12 Test Patterns............................................................................................................................... 58

4.13 Returning Video Information........................................................................................................59

4.14 Temperature Measurement.........................................................................................................60

4.15 Voltage Measurement.................................................................................................................60

4.16 Camera Frequency Measurement...............................................................................................61

4.17 Returning the LED Status............................................................................................................ 61

4.18 Returning Camera Settings......................................................................................................... 61

4.19 ASCII Commands: Reference..................................................................................................... 64

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4.20 Error Handling.............................................................................................................................68

4.21 Clearing Dark Current..................................................................................................................70

5 DCT GUI Interface ________________________________________________________ 77

5.1 Getting Help...................................................................................................................................77

5.2 Operating Tips...............................................................................................................................77

5.3 GUI Window..................................................................................................................................78

5.4 Detecting Cameras........................................................................................................................ 78

5.5 User Levels....................................................................................................................................79

5.6 Camera Parameters...................................................................................................................... 80

6 Appendix A ______________________________________________________________89

6.1 Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table........................................................ 89

6.2 Camera Link Bit Definitions........................................................................................................... 91

6.3 Camera Link Configuration Tables................................................................................................92

7 Appendix B ______________________________________________________________95

7.1 Declaration of Conformity..............................................................................................................95

8 Appendix C ______________________________________________________________ 97

8.1 Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................................97

8.2 Specific Solutions..........................................................................................................................99

8.3 Product Support.............................................................................................................................101

9 Appendix D ______________________________________________________________ 103

9.1 Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor................................................................................ 103

9.2 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches................................................................................... 103

4.3 Cleaning the Sensor Window........................................................................................................ 104

10 Appendix E ______________________________________________________________105

10.1 Revision History........................................................................................................................... 105

11 Index___________________________________________________________________107

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 5

1 Introduction

The Spyder3 Color camera uses DALSA’s state-of-the-art dual line scan technology in order to deliver high color quality, low-cost and ease of use for color imaging. This camera features 2k and 4k resolutions with a maximum line rate of 18 kHz. The zero gap in between the two sensor lines minimizes image artifact. Customer selectable output formats, RGB, RG/GB, and G, provides greater flexibility to meet many application requirements.

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

• 2048 or 4096 pixels, 14 µm x 14 µm (2k) and 10 µm x 10 µm (4k) pixel pitch, 100% fill

factor

• 80 mega pixels per second throughput

• Up to 18 kHz (2k) or 9 kHz (4k) line rates

• RGB, RG/GB, or G color output formats

• Dynamic range 60 dB

• Base Camera Link configuration (8 or 12 bit)

• RoHS and CE compliant (pending)

• Pre-calibrated light sources (e.g. white LED)

Programmability

• Serial interface (ASCII, 9600 baud, adjustable to 19200, 57600, 115200), through

Camera Link™.

• Mirroring and forward/reverse control.

• Programmable gain, offset, exposure time and line rate, trigger mode, test pattern

output, and camera diagnostics.

• Flat-field correction—minimizes lens vignetting, non-uniform lighting, and sensor

FPN and PRNU.

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Applications

The Spyder3 Color camera is ideal for:

• Cotton and textile inspection

• Food, drug and tobacco inspection

• Wood, tile, and steel inspection

• Postal sorting

• Recycling sorting

• 100 % print inspection (lottery tickets, stamps, bank notes, paychecks, etc.)

• General web inspection

Camera Models

The Spyder3 Color camera is available in these models.

Table 1: Camera Models Overview

Model Description

SC-30-02K80-00-R 2k resolution, 2 sensor taps. Base Camera Link configuration.

SC-30-04K80-00-R 4k resolution, 2 sensor taps. Base Camera Link configuration.

Table 2: Camera Accessories

Accessory Description

AC-UC-00002-00-R M42 TO C-MOUNT ADAPTER RH

AC-SU-00113-00-R TRIPOD MOUNT ROHS SPYDER3

AC-UN-00002-00-R M42 TO F-MOUNT ADAPTER RH

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 7

y z Υz

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications

Table 3: Camera Performance Specifications

Feature / Specification 2k 4k

Imager Format Bilinear CCD

Resolution 2048 pixels (2046

interpolated)

Pixel Fill Factor 100%

Pixel Size 14 x 14 µm 10 x 10 µm

Antiblooming 100x

Gain Range 0 to 20 dB

Optical Interface 2k 4k

Lens opening

Lens mount adapter M42 x 1, C, F F, M72 x 0.75

Back Focal Distance 6.56 ± 0.25 mm

Sensor Alignment

M42 x 1 thread, depth 4.0

± 50 µm ± 50 µm

± 0.25 mm

± 0.2°

Mechanical Interface 2k 4k

Camera Size 72(h) x 60(w) x 50(l) mm 85(h) x 65(w) x 50(l) mm

Mass < 300 g 300 g

Connectors

power connector

data connector

6 pin male Hirose

MDR26 female

Electrical Interface 2k 4k

Input Voltage +12 to +15 Volts

Power Dissipation <5 W <7 W

Operating Temperature 0 to 50 °C (front plate)

Bit Width 8 or 12 bit user selectable Bits

Output Data Configuration Base Camera Link

Speed 2k 4k

Maximum Line Rate 18 000 Hz 9 000 Hz

Minimum line rate 300 Hz 300 Hz

4096 pixels (4094

interpolated)

62 mm hole,

depth 4.5 mm

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Table 4: Camera Operating Specifications

Specs Unit 0 dB 10 dB +20 dB Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Broadband responsivity

2k — 158 — — 400 — — 1264 — 4k — 79 — — 250 — — 490 — Random noise

rms Dynamic range DN:DN 2k 500:1 1400:1 — 203:1 324:1 — 59:1 108:1 — 4k — 1225:1 — — 387:1 — — 122.3:1 — FPN global DN p-p Uncorrected — — 52.8 — — 169.6 — — 536 Corrected — — 32 — — 32 — — 64 PRNU ECD Uncorrected local % — — 8.5 — — 8.5 — — 11.5 Uncorrected global % — — 10 — — 10 — — 10 Corrected local DN p-p — — 80 — — 80 — — 95 Corrected global DN p-p — — 80 — — 80 — — 95 PRNU ECE Uncorrected local % — — 8.5 — — 12 — — 37 Uncorrected global % — — 10 — — 12 — — 37 Corrected local DN p-p — — 80 — — 237 — — 752 Corrected global DN p-p — — 80 — — 208 — — 752 SEE (calculated) nJ/cm² — 12.2 — — 4.0 — — 1.2 — NEE (calculated) pJ/cm² — — — 9.2 — — 9.3 — — 9.2 — Saturation output

amplitude DC offset DN — — 96 — — 160 — — 336

DN / (nJ / cm²)

DN — 3 6.5 — 9.2 20.5 — 30 65

DN — — — — 3968±80 — — — —

Test conditions unless otherwise noted:

• 12-bit values, Flat Field Correction (FFC) enabled.

• CCD Pixel Rate: 40 Megapixels/second per sensor tap.

• Line Rate: 5000 Hz.

• Nominal Gain setting unless otherwise specified.

• Light Source: Broadband Quartz Halogen, 3250 k, with 750 nm high-pass filter and

BG38 filter installed.

• Ambient test temperature 25 °C.

• Unless specified, all values are referenced at 12 bit.

• Exposure mode disabled.

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 9

Notes

1. PRNU measured at 50% SAT.

1.3 Image Sensor

The Spyder3 Color bilinear camera is based on DALSA’s dual line scan CCD sensor. The bilinear sensor has two lines. The first line has red (R) and blue (B) pixel alternatively, while the second line has all green (G) pixels. There is no gap in between the two lines and this minimizes any artifact due to spatial correction. The G channel can be used as a monochrome output. The sensor has a 2 tap output.

Figure 1: Bilinear sensor used in Spyder3 Color (block diagram)

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

Pixels(14μmx14μmor10μmx10μm)

RR GGGGGGG

Pixels(14μmx14μmor10μmx10μm)

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

RRRBBBBBB

GGGG

Tap2Tap 1

Pixel1,1

1.4 Responsivity

Figure 2: Spyder3 Color 2k Responsivity

100

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Responsivity [DN/(nj/cm2)]

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100

=2048,4096

Spyder 2K Spectral Responsivity

Blue Green Red

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Wavelengt h [ nm]

10 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Figure 3: Spyder3 Color 4k Responsivity

Spyder 3 4K Spectral Responsivity

Responsivi ty [DN/( nj/cm2)]

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100

Wavelength [nm]

Series1 Series2 Series3

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2 Setting Up the Camera

2.1 Installation Overview

When installing your camera, you should take these steps:

This installation overview assumes you have not installed any system components yet.

1. Power down all equipment.

2. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and install the frame grabber (if applicable). Be sure to observe all static precautions.

3. Install any necessary imaging software.

4. Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies. Ensure that all the correct voltages are present at the camera end of the power cable. Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section 2.3 Power Connector.

5. Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged.

6. Connect Camera Link and power cables.

7. After connecting cables, apply power to the camera.

8. Check the diagnostic LED. See below for an LED description.

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED

The camera uses:

• A diagnostic LED for monitoring the camera.

• High-density 26-pin MDR26 connector for Camera Link control signals, data signals,

and serial communications.

• One 6-pin Hirose connector for power.

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Figure 4: Input and Output Connectors

2k models 4k model

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera. Incorrect voltages may damage the camera. See section 2.4 for more details.

2.3 Power Connector

Figure 5: Hirose 6-pin Circular Male—Power Connector and Table 5: Hirose Pin Description

Hirose 6-pin Circular Male

Mating Part: HIROSE

HR10A-7P-6S

Pin Description Pin Description

1, 2, 3 Min +12 to Max +15V 4, 5, 6 Ground

The camera requires a single voltage input (+12 to +15 V). The camera meets all performance specifications using standard switching power supplies, although wellregulated linear supplies provide optimum performance.

Diagnostic LED

Camera Link (Base Configuration)

+12V to +15V DC

WARNING: When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:

• Apply the appropriate voltages. Ensure +12 V to +15 V at the camera power input

(after the voltage drop across the power cable). This may mean that the power suppy may have to provide a voltage greater than the required one, in order to adjust for this loss. For example, to achieve +12 V at the camera, the power supply may need to supply +12.5 V or greater.

• Protect the camera with a

• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.

• Use high-quality

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fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

linear supplies to minimize noise.

Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 13

Note: Camera performance specifications are not guaranteed if your power supply does not meet these requirements.

DALSA offers a power supply with attached 6’ power cable that meets the Spyder3 Color camera’s requirements, but it should not be considered the only choice. Many high quality supplies are available from other vendors. Visit the http://mv.dalsa.com Web site for a list of companies that make power supplies that meet the camera’s requirements. The companies listed should not be considered the only choices.

2.4 Camera LED

The camera is equipped with a red/green LED used to display the operational status of the camera. The table below summarizes the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states.

When more than one condition is active, the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority. Error and warning states are accompanied by corresponding messages further describing the current camera status.

Table 6: Diagnostic LED

Priority Color of Status LED Meaning

1 Flashing Red Fatal Error. For example, camera temperature is too

high and camera thermal shutdown has occurred. Warning. Loss of functionality (e.g. external SRAM

failure).

2 Flashing Green Camera initialization or executing a long command

3 Solid Green Camera is operational and functioning correctly

4 Solid Red Warning. Loss of functionality.

2.5 Camera Link Data Connector

Figure 6: Camera Link MDR26 Connector

MDR26 Female

Mating Part

Cable:

The Camera Link interface is implemented as Base Configuration in the Spyder3 Color cameras. Refer to section on Error! Reference source not found. for details on setting the Camera Link configuration.

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3M 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC

: 3M 334- 31 series

**3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable.

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Table 7: Camera Link Hardware Configuration Summary

Configuration 8 Bit Ports

Supported

Serializer Bit Width

Number of Chips

Number of MDR26

Applicable Camera Models

Connectors

Base A, B, C 28 1 1 The various models

Table 8: Camera Link Connector Pinout

Base Configuration

One Channel Link Chip + Camera Control +

Serial Communication

Camera

Connector

Right Angle Frame

Channel Link Signal

Grabber

1 1 inner shield

14 14 inner shield

2 25 X0-

15 12 X0+

3 24 X1-

16 11 X1+

4 23 X2-

17 10 X2+

5 22 Xclk-

18 9 Xclk+

6 21 X3-

19 8 X3+

7 20 SerTC+

20 7 SerTC-

8 19 SerTFG-

21 6 SerTFG+

9 18 CC1-

22 5 CC1+

10 17 CC2+

23 4 CC2-

11 16 CC3-

24 3 CC3+

12 15 CC4+

25 2 CC4-

13 13 inner shield

26 26 inner shield

Notes:

*Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends. **3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable. Inner shield is connected to signal ground inside camera

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Table 9: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

Signal Configuration

CC1 EXSYNC

CC2 PRIN

CC3 Direction

See Appendix B for the complete DALSA Camera Link configuration table, and refer to the DALSA Web site, http://mv.dalsa.com

, for the official Camera Link documents.

Input Signals, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link MDR26F connector.

The camera ships in internal sync, maximum exposure time (exposure mode 7).

EXSYNC (Triggers Line Readout)

Line rate can be set internally using the serial interface. The external control signal EXSYNC is optional and enabled through the serial interface. This camera uses the falling edge of EXSYNC to trigger pixel readout. See Setting the Exposure Mode, page 32, for details on how to set line rates, exposure times, and camera modes.

Output Signals, Camera Link

These signals indicate when data is valid, allowing you to clock the data from the camera to your acquisition system. These signals are part of the Camera Link configuration and you should refer to the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map, available at

http://mv.dalsa.com

Clocking Signal Indicates

LVAL (high) Outputting valid line

DVAL (high) Valid data (unused, tied high)

STROBE (rising edge) Valid data

FVAL (high) Outputting valid frame (unused, tied high)

The camera internally digitizes 12 bits and outputs the 8 MSB or all 12 bits depending on the camera’s Camera Link operating mode.

, for the standard location of these signals.

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2.6 Camera Link Video Timing

Figure 7: Overview Timing Showing Input and Output Relationships

Figure 8: Fixed (Programmed) Integration Timing with External EXSYNC

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Table 10: Spyder3 Color Input and Output

Symbol Definition Min (ns)

twSYNC The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when not

in SMART EXSYNC mode.

twSYNC

* The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when in

(SMART)

SMART EXSYNC modes to guarantee the photosites are reset.

twSYNC_INT The minimum width of the high pulse when the

“SMART EXSYNC” feature is turned off

twSYNC_INT

(SMART)

Is the integration time when the “SMART EXSYNC” feature is available and turned on. Note that the minimum time is necessary to guarantee proper operation.

tLINE PERIOD (t LP)

The minimum and maximum line times made up of tTransfer, tREADOUT plus tOVERHEAD to meet specifications.

tTransfer The time from the reception of the falling edge of

EXSYNC to the rising edge of LVAL when pretrigger is set to zero. Pretrigger reduces the number of clocks to the rising edge of LVAL but doesn’t change the time to the first valid pixel. If the fixed integration time mode of operation is available and selected then the integration time is added to the specified value.

twFixed Int. Fixed Integration Time mode of operation for variable

exsync frequency.

tREADOUT Is the number of pixels per tap times the readout clock

period.

tOVERHEAD Is the number of pixels that must elapse after the falling

edge of LVAL before the EXSYNC signal can be asserted. This time is used to clamp the internal analog electronics

twPR_LOW Minimum Low time to assure complete photosite reset 3,000

tPR_SET The nominal time that the photo sites are integrating.

Clock synchronization will lead to integration time jitter, which is shown in the specification as +/- values. The user should command times greater than these to ensure proper charge transfer from the photosites. Failure to meet this requirement may result in blooming in the Horizontal Shift Register.

100

3,000

100

3,000

27,778 (2k 2 tap) 55,775 (4k 2 tap)

3,725 ±25 (2k) 4,100±25 (4k)

800

25,600 (2k 2 tap)

51,200 (4k 2 tap)

425±25 (All models)

3,000

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Camera Output Format

There are several color output formats:

RGB mode (interpolation): camera outputs three colors (two native colors, one interpolated color) for each pixel.

B_in R_in

R11 B12 B16B14 R15R13

Interpolated Native

G21 G25G23 G24G22 G26G21 G25G23 G24G22 G26

1) RG/BG mode (native): In this mode the camera outputs two native colors per pixel,

(RG or BG depending on the pixel location)

2) G mode (native): This mode provides 100% fill factor native green color that can be

used as a monochrome channel

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 19

)

3 Optical, Mechanical,

and Electrical Considerations

3.1 Mechanical Interface

Figure 9: SC 2k Mechanical Dimensions

0.050

30.000 CCDIMAGING CENTER

M42x1THREAD DEEP4.0

(53.9)

(49.6)

Units: mm

(72.0)

57.0

PIXEL1

M3x0.5 THREAD DEEP5.0(4X)

(14.0)

(7.5)

(9.0)

(60.0)

32.0

42.0

36.000±0.050 CCDIMAGING CENTER

M3x0.5 THREAD DEEP5.0(4X)

6.0

6.56 TOCCD IMAGING SENSOR

0.25

(33.7

(19.4)

(11.6)

(30.1)

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Figure 10: SC 4k Mechanical Dimensions

62.0-4.5DEEP

32.500`0.050 CCDIMAGING CENTRE

42.500`0.050 CCDIMAGINGCENTRE

53.7

49.4

6.0(2X)

M3x0.5THREAD DEPTH5.0(4X)

32.6

85.0

78.0(2X)

3.5

M3x0.5THREAD DEPTH5.0(4X)

58.0(2X)

3.5

65.0

16.5 32.0

M3x0.5THREAD DEPTH7.0(4X)

Units: mm

6.0(2X)

6.56`0.25 TOCCD IMAGING SURFACE

70.0

40.2

7.5

14.1

25.9

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 21

3.2 Optical Interface

Illumination

The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend on the particular application. Factors include the nature, speed, and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged, exposure times, light source characteristics, environmental and acquisition system specifics, and more. DALSA’s Web site http://mv.dalsa.com, provides an introduction to this potentially complicated issue. See “Radiometry and Photo Responsivity” and "Sensitivities in Photometric Units" in the CCD Technology Primer found under the Application Support link.

It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination. The total amount of energy (which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor) is more important than the rate at which it arrives. For example, 5 μJ/cm exposing 5 mW/cm

for 1 ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5 W/cm2 for 1μs.

Light Sources

can be achieved by

Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source:

• LED light sources are relatively inexpensive, provide a uniform field, and longer life

span compared to other light sources. However, they also require a camera with excellent sensitivity, such as the Spyder3 Color camera.

• Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to infrared light (IR).

• Fiber-optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR.

• Some light sources age; over their life span they produce less light. This aging may

not be uniform—a light source may produce progressively less light in some areas of the spectrum but not others.

Blue Clipping: In most photodiodes, including those in the CCD used in the Spyder 3 Color, the blue color is the least responsive. As a result, in order to maintain white balance the blue color has to be gained up approximately 2 to 3 times more than the red or the green colors. When the user issues a command, such as scg 20 (i.e. gaining up all colors to 20 dB), the total blue gain will max out between 15 dB and 19 dB as a result of it already being gained higher by default (i.e. in the 0 dB gain setting).

Filters

CCD cameras are extremely responsive to infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. To prevent infrared from distorting the images you scan, use a “hot mirror” or IR cutoff filter that transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 750 nm. Examples are the Schneider Optics™ B+W 489, which includes a mounting ring, the CORION™ LS750, which does not include a mounting ring, and the CORION™ HR-750 series hot mirror.

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Lens Modeling

Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary points: the first and second principal points and the second focal point. The primary points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens manufacturer. Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens. That

′

is, h is the object height and h

The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus. The effective focal length (f second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first principal point to the object.

Figure 11: Primary Points in a Lens System

is the image height.

′

) is the distance from the second principal point to the

Magnification and Resolution

The magnification of a lens is the ratio of the image size to the object size:

′

By similar triangles, the magnification is alternatively given by:

′

These equations can be combined to give their most useful form:

′

hfOD

Example: An acquisition system has a 512 x 512 element, 10 µm pixel pitch area scan camera, a lens with an effective focal length of 45 mm, and requires that 100μm in the object space correspond to each pixel in the image sensor. Using the preceding equation, the object distance must be 450 mm (0.450 m).

μμm

100

mmmOD

where m is the magnification, h’ is the image height (pixel size) and h is the object height (desired object resolution size).

This is the governing equation for many object and image plane parameters.

450 0 450

OD mm m==(. )

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 23

3.3 Electrical Interface

The Spyder3 Color cameras have been designed for EMC compliance. The test setup has been verified to the following EMC standards:

• CISPR-11:2004

• EN 55011:2003

• EN 61326:2002

To achieve EMC compliance, follow these specific guidelines:

• Ensure that all cable shields have 360° electrical connection to the connector.

• Fasten and secure all connectors.

The camera has also been tested with shock and vibration according to certain requirements specified in MIL-810E.

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 25

Controlling the Camera: Interfaces

Camera features can be controlled either through the serial interface or through a GUI interface, see DCT GUI Interface, page 77.

Both options are presented here in the following two sections.

4 Software Interface

4.1 Spyder3 Camera Link ASCII Commands

Serial Interface

All of the camera features can be controlled through the serial interface. The camera can also be used without the serial interface after it has been set up correctly. Functions available include:

• Controlling basic camera functions such as gain and sync signal source

• Flat field correction

• Mirroring and readout control

• Generating a test pattern for debugging

The serial interface uses a simple ASCII-based protocol and the PC does not require any custom software.

Note: This command set may be different from those used by other DALSA cameras. You

should not assume that these commands perform the same as those for older cameras.

Serial Protocol Defaults

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

• No flow control

• 9.6 kbps

• Camera does not echo characters

Command Format

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26 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

When entering commands, remember that:

• A carriage return <CR> ends each command.

• A space or multiple space characters separate parameters. Tabs or commas are

invalid parameter separators.

• Upper and lowercase characters are accepted

• The backspace key is supported

• The camera will answer each command with either <CR><LF> “OK >" or

<CR><LF>"Error xx: Error Message >" or “Warning xx: Warning Message >”. The ">" is used exclusively as the last character sent by the camera.

The following parameter conventions are used in the manual:

•

Example: to return the current camera settings

i = integer value f = real number m = member of a set s = string t = tap id x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

gcp <CR>

Baud Rate

Purpose: Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port. Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200,

Notes: Power-on rate is always 9600 baud.

Example:

sbr m

57600, and 115200.

The

rc (reset camera) command will not reset the camera to the

power-on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate.

sbr 57600

4.2 First Power Up Camera Settings

When the camera is powered up for the first time, it operates using the following factory settings:

• Forward CCD shift direction

• RGB color output mode (clm 5)

• Exposure mode 7 (Programmable line rate & max exposure time, 625 µs)

• 1600 Hz line rate

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 27

• Readout mode: Auto

• Mirroring mode: 0, left to right

• Factory calibrated analog gain and offset

• 8 bit output

Camera ASCII Command Help

For quick help, the camera can return all available commands and parameters through the serial interface.

There are two different help screens available. One lists all of the available commands to configure camera operation. The other help screen lists all of the commands available for retrieving camera parameters (these are called “get” commands).

To view the help screen listing all of the camera configuration commands, use the command:

Parameters i = integer f = floating point number m = member of a set s = string t = tap x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

Syntax:

To view a help screen listing all of the “get” commands, use the command:

Syntax:

Notes: For more information on the camera’s “get” commands, refer to

section 4.18 Returning Camera Settings.

The camera configuration command help screen lists all commands available. Parameter ranges displayed are the extreme ranges available. Depending on the current camera operating conditions, you may not be able to obtain these values. If this occurs, values are clipped and the camera returns a warning message.

Some commands may not be available in your current operating mode. The help screen displays NA in this case.

Example ASCII Command Help Screen

OK>h ccf correction calibrate fpn clm camera link mode m 0/1/2/3/5/6/9/10 cpa calibrate PRNU algorithm i 1024-4055 css correction set sample m 256/512/1024/ cwb calibrate white balance i 1024-4055 dpc display pixel coeffs efc enable FPN coefficients i 0-1 eil enable input lut i 0-1 els end of line sequence m 0/3/7 epc enable PRNU coefficients i 0-1 gcl get command log gcm get camera model gcp get camera parameters gcs get camera serial gcv get camera version get get values s gh get help gl get line gla get line average gsf get signal frequency i 1-3 gsl get status led

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28 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

h help ? single command help s lpc load pixel coefficients lus load user settings rc reset camera rpc reset pixel coeffs sbr set baud rate m 9600/19200/57600/115200/ scc set color correction i -8192-8191 scd set ccd direction i 0-2 scg set colour gain f -20.0-20.0 scl set colour index m rgb/r/g/b/ sct set current tap t 0-2 scx set color correction X m o/r/g/b scy set color correction Y m r/g/b/y sec set exposure control m t/w/m sem set exposure mode m 2/3/4/6/7/8/ set set exposure time f NA sfs set ffc selector m 0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/99 sis set input [lut] selector m 0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/99 slm set line mode m i/e sls set light source i 0-4 slt set lower threshold i 0-4095 smm set mirroring mode i 0-1 spw set pixel x window width x 1-2048 or 1-4096 spx set pixel x postion x 1-2048 or 1-4096 srm set readout mode i 0-2 srw set roi width x 1-2048 or 1-4096 srx set roi x x 1-2048 or 1-4096 ssb set subtract background i 0-4095 ssf set sync frequency f 300-18000 ssg set system gain i 0-65535 sus set user set selector m 0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/99 sut set upper threshold i 0-4095 svm set video mode i 0-2 ucr update color reference vt verify temperature vv verify voltage wfc write FPN coefficients wil write input lut wpc write PRNU coefficients wus write user settings

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Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 29

4.3 Sensor Output Format

Sensor Shift Direction

You can select either forward or reverse CCD shift direction. This accommodates object direction change on a web and allows you to mount the camera “upside down.” The scan direction has no effect on the color output format.

Figure 12: Object Movement and Camera Direction Example using an Inverting Lens

Arrows denote direction of object movement

4k camera orientation

Camera should operate in reverse shift direction scd 1

Camera should operate in forward shift direction scd

Note: You can control the CCD shift direction through the serial interface. Use the software command scd to determine whether the direction control is set via software control or via the Camera Link control signal on CC3. Refer to the CCD Shift Direction section of this manual, page 29, for details.

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CCD Shift Direction

Purpose: Selects the forward or reverse CCD shift direction, internally or

externally controlled. This accommodates object direction change on a web and allows you to mount the camera “upside down.”

Syntax:

scd i

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Shift direction. Allowable values are:

0 = Internally controlled, forward CCD shift direction. 1 = Internally controlled, reverse CCD shift direction. 2 = Externally controlled CCD shift direction via Camera

Link control CC3 (CC3=1 forward, CC3=0 reverse).

•

To obtain the current value of the exposure mode, use the

command

Refer to Figure 12: Object Movement and Camera Direction

•

Example using an Inverting Lens, page 29, for an illustration of when you should use forward or reverse shift direction.

scd 0

gcp or get scd.

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How to Configure Camera Output

Using the camera link mode and pixel readout direction commands

Use the camera link mode (clm) command to determine the camera’s Camera Link configuration, the number of output taps, and the bit depth. Use the pixel readout direction (

smm) command to select the camera’s pixel readout direction.

Setting the Camera Link Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s Camera Link configuration, the number of Camera

Link taps, and the data bit depth. Refer to the tables on the previous page to determine which configurations are valid for your camera model and how this command relates to other camera configuration commands.

Syntax:

clm m

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

Notes:

Example:

0: G only, 8 bit 1

: G only, 10 bit

2: 2 taps (RG/BG), 8 bit output 3: 2 taps (RG/BG), 12 bit output

5: 3 taps (RGB), 8-bit output 6: 3 taps (RGB), 12-bit output (time multiplexed)

9: 4 taps (RGBY), 8-bit output (time multiplexed) 10: 4 taps (RGBY), 12-bit output (time multiplexed)

• To obtain the current Camera Link mode, use the command

gcp or get clm.

• The bit patterns are defined by the DALSA Camera Link

Roadmap, available from http://mv.dalsa.com.

•

RGBY is RGB output plus the luminance (set with scx and scy

commands)

clm 1

4.4 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time

Overview

You have a choice of operating in one of seven modes. The camera’s line rate (synchronization) can be generated internally through the software command ssf or set externally with an EXSYNC signal, depending on your mode of operation. To select how you want the camera’s line rate to be generated:

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1. You must first set the camera mode using the sem command.

Next, if using mode 2, 7 or 8 use the commands ssf and/or set to set the line rate and

2. exposure time.

Setting the Exposure Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure mode allowing you to control your

sync, exposure time, and line rate generation.

Syntax:

sem i

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

Exposure mode to use. Factory setting is 7.

•

Refer to Table 11: Spyder3 Color Exposure Modes for a quick

list of available modes or to the following sections for a more detailed explanation.

•

To obtain the current value of the exposure mode, use the

command

ssf, set

sem 3

gcp or get sem.

Table 11: Spyder3 Color Exposure Modes

Programmable Line Rate Programmable Exposure Time

Mode SYNC PRIN Description

4 6 7

Internal Internal Yes Yes Internal line rate and exposure time.

Exposure control enabled (ECE).

External Internal No No Maximum exposure time. Exposure

control disabled (ECD).

External Internal No No Smart EXSYNC. ECE.

External Internal No Yes Fixed integration time. ECE.

Internal Internal Yes No Internal line rate, maximum exposure

time. ECD.

Internal Internal No Yes Maximum line rate for exposure time.

ECE.

Note: When setting the camera to external signal modes, EXSYNC and/or PRIN must be supplied.

Exposure Modes in Detail

Mode 2: Internally Programmable Line Rate and Exposure Time (Factory Setting)

Mode 2 operates at a maximum line rate and exposure time.

• When setting the line rate (using the

if necessary, to accommodate the new line rate. The exposure time will always be set

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ssf command), exposure time will be reduced,

Spyder3 Color Manual PRELIMINARY 33

to the maximum time (line period – line transfer time – pixel reset time) for that line rate when a new line rate requiring reduced exposure time is entered.

• When setting the exposure time (using the

increased, if necessary, to accommodate the exposure time. Under this condition, the line time will equal the exposure time + line transfer time.

set command), line time will be

Example 1: Exposure Time Less than Line Period

Readout

CR = Char

Programmable Period (set command)

Waiting

Exposure Time

Line Period

Programmable Period (ssf command)

e Reset

Readout

Waiting

Line Period

Programmable Period

rogrammable Perio

Exposure Time

Mode 3: External Trigger with Maximum Exposure

Line rate is set by the period of the external trigger pulses. The falling edge of the external trigger marks the beginning of the exposure.

Example 2: Line Rate is set by External Trigger Pulses.

Line Period

EXSYNC

CR = Charge Reset

Exposure Time

ReadoutReadout

Exposure Time

EXSYNC

Falling edge ignored during readout

Mode 4: Smart EXSYNC, External Line Rate and Exposure Time

In this mode, EXSYNC sets both the line period and the exposure time. The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout.

Example 3: Trigger Period is Repetitive and Greater than Read Out Time.

Line Period

Readout

Exposure Time

Line Period

Readout

Waiting

EXSYNC falling edge ignored during readout

EXSYNC falling edge ignored during readou

WaitingExposure Time

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Mode 6: External Line Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time

Figure 13: EXSYNC controls Line Period with Internally controlled Exposure Time

Line Period Line Period

Exposure Time

Readout

Waiting

Readout

WaitingExposure Time

EXSYNC

Programmable period using set command

CR = Charge Reset

Mode 7: Internally Programmable Line Rate, Maximum Exposure Time

In this mode, the line rate is set internally with a maximum exposure time.

Figure 14: Mode 7 Camera Timing

Line Period Line Period

Internal SYNC set using the ssf command

Exposure Time

Readout

EXSYNC falling edge ignored during readout

Exposure Time

Readout

EXSYNC falling edg ignored during readout

Mode 8: Maximum Line Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

In this mode, the exposure time is set internally with a maximum line rate.

Figure 15: Mode 8 Timing

Readout

Frame Period

CR=Charge Reset

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rogrammable Perio

Exposure Time

Readout

Frame Period

rogrammable Perio

CR Exposure Time

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Setting the Line Rate

Applies to Modes 2 and 7

Purpose: Sets the camera’s line rate in Hz. Camera must be operating in

exposure mode 2 or 7.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

ssf f i

Applies to Modes 2 and 8

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

Desired line rate in Hz. Allowable values are: 2k 2 tap:

4k 2 tap:

To read the current line frequency, use the command gcp or

•

get ssf.

If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

•

returned.

sem, set

ssf 10000

300 - 18000 Hz 300- 9000 Hz

Setting the Exposure Time

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure time is µs. Camera must be operating in

exposure mode 2, 6, or 8.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

set f i

Desired exposure time in µs. Allowable range is 3 to 3300 µs.*

To read the current line frequency, use the command gcp or

•

get set.

If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

•

returned.

•

*The exposure time range is based on the current line rate.

•

To determine the maximum exposure time allowed for the

current line rate, use the command

sem, ssf

get ger.

Example:

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set 400.5

36 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Setting the Pixel Readout Direction (Mirroring Mode)

Purpose: Sets the tap readout from left to right or from right to left. This

command is especially useful if the camera must be mounted upside down.

Syntax:

smm i

Syntax Elements:

Readout direction. Allowable values are:

Notes:

Example:

0 = All pixels are read out from left to right. 1 = All pixels are read out from right to left.

To obtain the current readout direction, use the command gcp

•

or get smm.

This command is available in both TDI and Area Mode.

•

Refer to the following figures and tables for an explanation of

pixel readout and mirror direction.

•

Refer to the section below for the sensor architecture diagrams

that illustrate the sensor readout direction.

smm 1

Figure 16: Left to Right Readout (smm 0) Forward Direction Example Output

Figure 17: Right to Left Readout (smm 1) Forward Direction Example Output

Note: In clm 2 and clm 3, the output will be R/B/R/B … for smm 0 and B/R/B/R… for smm 1. The green ouput remains the same except mirrored.

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Figure 18: Camera Pixel Readout Direction Example using 2k Model with Inverting Lens

Table 12: Forward or Reverse Pixel Readout

Camera model Readout direction Command Tap 1 Tap 2

SC-30-02K80 Left to Right Right to Left SC-30-04K80 Left to Right Right to Left

Setting the Readout Mode

See also, the Clearing Dark Current section in Appendix A for more information on this mode.

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smm 0 smm 1 smm 0 smm 1

1-1024 1025-2048 2048-1025 1024-1 1-2048 2049-4096 4096-2049 2048-1

38 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Purpose: Use this command to clear out dark current charge in the vertical

transfer gates immediately before the sensor is read out.

Syntax:

srm

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

: Auto. Clears dark current below ~ 45% of the maximum line

rate.

1: Dark current clear. Always clears dark. Reduces the

maximum line rate.

2: Immediate readout. Does not clear dark current. (Default

mode.)

•

The vertical transfer gates collect dark current during the line

period. This collected current is added to the pixel charge. The middle two red taps have more vertical transfer gates and, therefore, more charge. This additional charge is especially noticeable at slower line rates.

If the user is in sem 2 or 7 and srm 2, with ssf at 45% of the

•

maximum, and then srm 1 is selected, the following warning will be displayed, but the ssf value will not be changed: Warning 09: Internal line rate inconsistent with readout time> The effect in both internal and external line rate modes is that an EXSYNC is skipped and, therefore, the output will be at least twice as bright.

•

This value is saved with the camera settings.

•

This value may be viewed using either the gcp command or

the get

srm command.

sem, ssf

Example:

srm 0

Enabling Line Delay

Purpose: Turning off line delay may result in a better image when you are

imaging a web that is moving extremely fast.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Example:

eld i

: Off.

1: On.

eld 0

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4.5 Color Commands

Calibrate White Balance

Purpose: Adjust color digital gain in order to make the color output be a

given value while imaging a white reference.

Syntax:

cwb i

Syntax Elements:

color output in a range 1024 to 4055. Example:

cwb 1024

Setting Color Correction

Purpose: Set the value in the color matrix that is multiplied at the end of the

digital processing. This matrix corrects the digital output in order to achieve accurate colors.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

-8192 to 8191 Related Commands Example:

scc i i

scx, scy

scc 4323

Setting Color Gain

Purpose: Set color gain for the current color in a range of 0 to 20 dB. The

scl command.

Syntax:

current color is set using the

scg i

Syntax Elements:

0 to 20 dB. Related Commands Example:

Setting Color Selector

Purpose: Used to select the color for a gain application. Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Related Commands Example:

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scl

scg 10

scl m m

rgb/r/g/b

scg

scl b

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Setting Color Correction X Index

Purpose: Set the current color correction X index. This command is used to

scc command.

Syntax:

assist the

scx m

Syntax Elements:

Related Commands Example:

o / r / g / b

scc

scx b

Setting Color Correction Y index

Purpose: Set the current color correction Y index. This command is used to

assist the

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Related Commands Example:

The following is how the gcp table entries look for the scx and scy commands:

Color Correction: O r g b

r 0 4096 0 0

g 0 0 4096 0

scy m m

scc

scc command.

r/g/b/y

b 0 0 0 4096

y 0 0 0 0

scx selects the column in the above table (either o/r/g/b), scy selects the row (either r/g/b/y) in the above table.

The scc command is what sets the value at the select x and and y position in the table

R_IN, G_IN and B_IN below in the equations are the already digitally processed data.

RED PIXEL OUTPUT = R_IN*(scc # in position [scx r, scy r])/4096 + G_IN*( scc # in position [scx g, scy r])/4096 + B_IN*( scc # in position [scx b, scy r])/4096 + scc # in position [scx o, scy r]

GREEN PIXEL OUTPUT = R_IN*(scc # in position [scx r, scy g])/4096 + G_IN*( scc # in position [scx g, scg r])/4096 + B_IN*( scc # in position [scx b, scy g])/4096 + scc # in position [scx o, scg r]

BLUE PIXEL OUTPUT = R_IN*(scc # in position [scx r, scy b])/4096 + G_IN*( scc # in position [scx g, scy b])/4096 + B_IN*( scc # in position [scx b, scy b])/4096 + scc # in position [scx o, scy b]

Y PIXEL OUTPUT = R_IN*(scc # in position [scx r, scy y])/4096 + G_IN*( scc # in position [scx g, scy y])/4096 + B_IN*( scc # in position [scx b, scy y])/4096 + scc # in position [scx o, scy y]

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4.6 Data Processing

Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)

Purpose: Sets the pixel range used to collect the end-of-line statistics and

gl, gla, and ccf commands.

Syntax:

sets the region of pixels used in the

In most applications, the field of view exceeds the required object size and these extraneous areas should be ignored. It is recommended that you set the region of interest a few pixels inside the actual useable image.

srx i srw i

Syntax Elements: Starting x position of the ROI, in a value of 1 to sensor

Width of the ROI, in a value of 1 to sensor resolution.

Notes:

Related Commands

srx i

resolution

srw i

To return the current region of interest, use the commands

•

gcp or get srx, get srw.

gl, gla, ccf, cpa, els

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4.7 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain

Please note: description is preliminary and subject to change.

Processing Chain Overview and Description

The following diagram shows a simplified block diagram of the camera’s analog and digital processing chain. The analog processing chain begins with an analog gain adjustment, followed by an analog offset adjustment. These adjustments are applied to the video analog signal prior to its digitization by an A/D converter.

The digital processing chain contains the FPN correction, the PRNU correction, the background subtract, and the digital gain and offset. Non-linearity look-up table (LUT) correction is available for the 4k model of camera.

All of these elements are user programmable.

Figure 19: Signal Processing Chain

Analog Processing

Digital Processing

Analog video

Digital video

Analog

gain

sag,ccg

LUT

addition

eil

Pixel defect

correction

edc, sdc

FPN

coefficients

ccf

PRNU

coefficients

ccp

Gain

relative

sgr, cwb

Background

subtract

ssb

Digital system

gain

ssg

Color

correction

scc

Analog Processing

Optimizing offset performance and gain in the analog domain allows you to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range than you would achieve by trying to optimize the offset in the digital domain. As a result, perform all analog adjustments prior to any digital adjustments.

1. Analog gain is multiplied by the analog signal to increase the signal strength before

the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter. For example, in a low light situation the brightest part of the image may be consistently coming in at only 50% of the DN. An analog gain of 6 dB (2x) will ensure full use of the dynamic range of the A/D converter. Of course the noise is also increased. Note: To maintain valid LUT calibration use the

ssg command.

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Digital Processing

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

1. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration (calculated using the

subtract away individual pixel dark current.

2. Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) coefficients (calculated using the

command) are used to correct the difference in responsivity of individual pixels (i.e. given the same amount of light different pixels will charge up at different rates) and the change in light intensity across the image either because of the light source or due to optical aberrations (e.g. there may be more light in the center of the image). PRNU coefficients are multipliers and are defined to be of a value greater than or equal to 1. This ensures that all pixels will saturate together.

3. Background subtract (

used to increase image contrast after FPN and PRNU calibration. It is useful for systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. For example, if you find that your image is consistently between 128 and 255 DN (8 bit), you can subtract off 128 ( multiply by 2 (

ssg 0 8192) to get an output range from 0 to 255 DN.

ssb command) and system (digital) gain (ssg command) are

ccf command) is used to

cpa

ssb 2048) and then

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)

Please note: description is preliminary and subject to change.

Flat Field Correction Overview

output

This camera has the ability to calculate correction coefficients in order to remove nonuniformity in the image. This video correction operates on a pixel-by-pixel basis and implements a two-point correction for each pixel. This correction can reduce or eliminate image distortion caused by the following factors:

• Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN)

• Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU)

• Lens and light source non-uniformity

Correction is implemented such that for each pixel:

=[(V

- FPN( pixel ) - black level offset) * PRNU(pixel) – Background Subtract] x System Gain

input

where V

PRNU( pixel) = PRNU correction coefficient for this pixel

FPN( pixel ) = FPN correction coefficient for this pixel

Background Subtract = background subtract value

System Gain = digital gain value

= digital output pixel value

output

= digital input pixel value from the CCD

input

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The algorithm is performed in two steps. The fixed offset (FPN) is determined first by performing a calibration without any light. This calibration determines exactly how much offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the CCD is not exposed.

The white light calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value (target) for flat, white output. Video output is set slightly above the brightest pixel (depending on offset subtracted).

Note: If your illumination or white reference does not extend the full field of view of the camera, the camera will send a

warnin

Flat Field Correction Restrictions

It is important to do the FPN correction first. Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure. We recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change greater than 10°C occurs or if you change the analog gain, integration time, or line rate.

PRNU correction requires a clean, white reference. The quality of this reference is important for proper calibration. White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction. White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing.

For best results, ensure that:

• 50 or 60 Hz ambient light flicker is sufficiently low not to affect camera performance

and calibration results.

For best results, the analog gain should be adjusted for the expected operating

•

conditions and the ratio of the brightest to darkest pixel in a tap should be less than 3 to 1 where:

Brightest Pixel (per tap)

Darkest Pixel (per tap)

The camera is capable of operating under a range of 8 to 1, but will clip values larger

•

than this ratio.

• The brightest pixel should be slightly below the target output.

• When 6.25% of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped, flat

field correction results may be inaccurate.

• Correction results are valid only for the current analog gain and offset values. If you

change these values, it is recommended that you recalculate your coefficients.

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Set up the camera operating environment (i.e. line rate, exposure, offset, gain, etc.)

Digitalsystemgainandbackgroundsubtractvaluesshouldbesettozero ().

ssg00,ssb00

Set the calibration sample size using

the command css. I t is recommended that

you use the default setting.

Set the region of interest to include a ll of the image’s pixels o f importance using the command roi x1 y1 x2 y2. You can use

the default if you want to calibrate all pixels.

Perform FPN calculation

Perform PRNU calculation

1.Stopalllightfromenteringthecamera.(Tip:Coverlenswithalenscap.)

2.Ver if ythattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthecommand or . If there are too many zeros in the output data (more than 6.25%

gl gla

of output data within the roi) , usetheautomatedalgorithm . Iftheaverageofthepixelsistoohighforyourapplication,reducethe analogoffsetorgainlevel().

3.Issuethecommand..ThecamerawillrespondwithOK>(ifnoerroroccurs).

FPNcalculationautomaticallycalibratesFPNcoefficientsanddigitaloffset.

4.Afterthecalibrationiscomplete,youshouldsavethesesettingstonon‐volatile

memory so they be reusable on reboot. To do so, issue the commands and

wus

5. To verify output, enable the FPN coefficients using the command

You shouldseeclosetozerooutput.

PerformPRNUcalculationnexttodeterminethemultiplication factorsrequiredtobringeachpixeltotherequiredvalue(balancetarget)for flat,whiteoutput.

1.Placeawhitereferenceinfrontofthecamera.

2.Ver if ythattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthecommand

gla

or . If the signal level is too low, increase your light level, adjust the analog

sag ccg i 0 i

gain ( ) or use the automated algorithm .

DALSArecommendsatargetvalueofabout80%ofsaturation.Ifyouchange thegain,FPNcoefficientsshouldberecalculated.

3. Issue the command . The camera will respond with OK>( if no error occurs).

4.Afterthecalculationis

memorysotheywillberememberedafterpower‐downanddirectionchange.

To do so, issue the commands and

. Enable the coefficients using the command,

sag

ccf

ccp

complete,youcansavethesesettingstonon‐volatile

wpc wus.

epc1.

cao0i

wfc

efc1.

Note: The commands listed above are described in detail in the following sections.

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Analog Signal Processing

Black Level Offset Algorithm: Inherent to the A/D is an offset that is added to the video in order to eliminate video clipping in dark (the offset is also affected by temperature). The Spyder3 Color Cameras have an automatic subtraction of this offset, which is called the Black Level Offset Algorithm. This subtraction helps prevent any unwanted color shift. For example, if the offset is 15 DN in 12-bit multiplying by max gain (20 dB) will give 300 DN (12-bit) offset in the final value. With Black Level Offset digital gain only affects the color signal and not the underlining analog offset. The sole job of the Black Level Offset Algorithm is to keep the offset around 0 DN regardless of analog offset setting or the change in dark current (temperature). 0 DN offset is desirable because you do not want your color gains changing your offsets for each color.

Digital Signal Processing

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

FPN Correction

Performing FPN Correction

Syntax: Performs FPN correction and eliminates FPN noise by removing

individual pixel dark current.

Syntax:

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

ccf

• Perform all analog and digital adjustments before

performing FPN correction.

• Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.

• Refer to Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity

(Flat Field Correction) on page 43 for a procedural overview on performing flat field correction.

• To save FPN coefficients after calibration, use the wfc

command. Refer to section 4.10 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

wfc ccf

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PRNU Correction

Performing PRNU to a user entered value

Purpose: Performs PRNU calibration to user entered value and eliminates the

difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel, creating a uniform response to light. Using this command, you must provide a calibration target.

Syntax:

Executing these algorithms causes the (no background subtraction) and the digital gain). The pixel coefficients are disabled ( the algorithm execution but returned to the state they were in prior to command execution.

cpa i i

ssb command to be set to 0

ssg command to 4096 (unity

epc 0 0) during

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

PRNU calibration algorithm to use:

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target

value as shown below:

arget

PRNUCoefficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras. It is important that the target value (set with the next parameter) is set to be at least equal to the highest pixel across all cameras so that all pixels can reach the highest pixel value during calibration.

Peak target value in a range from 1024 to 4055DN. The target value must be greater than the current peak output value.

(AVG Pixel Value )

• Perform all analog adjustments before calibrating PRNU.

• Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU. If you are not

performing FPN calibration then issue the

rpc (reset pixel

coefficients) command.

cpa 1 600

Subtracting Background

Purpose: Use the background subtract command after performing flat field

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Subtracted value in a range in DN from 0 to 4095.

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correction if you want to improve your image in a low contrast scene. It is useful for systems that process 8 bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. You should try to make your darkest pixel in the scene equal to zero.

ssb i i

48 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example

When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal

•

the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use the command to correct for this where:

ssgvalue=

See the following section for details on the

ssg ssb 25

maxoutputvalue

maxoutputvalue‐ssbvalue

ssg command.

ssg

Setting Digital System Gain

Purpose: Improves signal output swing after a background subtract. When

subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal, using the

ssb command, the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use

this command to correct for this where:

maxoutputvalue

maxoutputvalue‐ssbvalue

4096

ssb command.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Related Commands:

ssgvalue=

ssg i i

Gain setting. The gain ranges are 0 to 65535. The digital video values are multiplied by this value where:

DigitalGain=

Use this command in conjunction with the

ssb

Example:

ssg 15

Returning Calibration Results and Errors

Returning All Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Returns all the current pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU,

spx and spw. The camera

Syntax:

Notes:

FPN, PRNU… for the range specified by also returns the pixel number with every fifth coefficient.

dpc

 This function returns all the current pixel coefficients in the

order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU… The camera also returns the pixel number with each coefficient.

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Enabling and Disabling Pixel Coefficients

Enable FPN coefficients

Purpose: Enables and disables FPN coefficients.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients.

Example:

efc i

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

efc 1

Enable PRNU coefficients

Purpose: Enables and disables PRNU coefficients.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

PRNU coefficients.

Example:

epc i

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

epc 0

4.8 End-of-line Sequence

Purpose: Produces an end-of-line sequence that provides basic calculations

including "line counter," "line sum," "pixels above threshold," "pixels below threshold," and "derivative line sum" within the region of interest. These calculations can be used to perform algorithms or indicate objects of interest.

To further aid in debugging and cable/data path integrity, the first three pixels after Line Valid are "aa", "55", "aa". (Refer to the following table.) These statistics are calculated for the pixels within the region of interest.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

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els i i

Disable end-of-line sequence

LVAL extended by 16 (stat) pixels

LVAL shifted by 16 pixels to encompass stat pixels

• LVAL is high during the end-of-line statistics.

els 1

aoc

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Table 13: End-of-Line Sequence Description

Location Value Description

1 A’s

2 5’s

3 A’s

4 4 bit counter LSB justified

5 Line sum (7…0)

6 Line sum (15…8)

7 Line sum (23…16)

8 Line sum (31…24)

9 Pixels above threshold (7…0)

10 Pixels above threshold

(15…8)

11 Pixels below threshold (7…0)

12 Pixels below threshold (15…8)

13 Differential line sum (7..0)

14 Differential line sum (15…8)

15 Differential line sum (23…16)

By ensuring these values consistently toggle between "aa" and "55", you can verify cabling (i.e. no stuck bits)

Counter increments by 1. Use this value to verify that every line is output

Use these values to help calculate line average and gain

Monitor these values (either above or below threshold) and adjust camera digital gain and background subtract to maximize scene contrast. This provides a basis for automatic gain control (AGC)

Use these values to focus the camera. Generally, the greater the sum the greater the image contrast and better the focus.

16 Differential line sum (31…24)

Setting Thresholds

Setting an Upper Threshold

Purpose: Sets the upper threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

sequence.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

sut i i

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

• els, slt

sut 1024

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Setting a Lower Threshold

Purpose: Sets the lower threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

sequence.

Syntax:

slt i

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

• els, sut

slt 1024

4.9 Saving and Restoring Settings

For each camera operating mode the camera has distinct factory settings, current settings, and user settings. In addition, there is one set of factory pre-calibrated pixel coefficients and up to four sets of user created pixel coefficients for each operating mode.

Factory Settings

On first initialization, the camera operates using the factory settings. You can restore the original factory settings at any time by setting the user set number to the factory setting

sus 0) and then loading the user set (lus).

(

User Settings

You can save or restore your user settings to non-volatile memory using the following commands. Pixel coefficients and LUTs are stored separately from other data.

• To save all current user settings to non-volatile memory, use the command

camera will automatically restore the saved user settings when powered up. While settings are being written to nonvolatile memory, do not power down camera or camera memory may be corrupted.

• To restore the last saved user settings, use the command

• To save the current pixel coefficients, use the command

• To restore the last saved pixel coefficients, use the command

• To write and load LUTs, use the

wil command.

rus.

wpc and wfc.

lpc.

wus. The

Note:

Current Session Settings

These are the current operating settings of your camera. To save these settings to nonvolatile memory, use the command

wus.

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4.10 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients

Saving the Current PRNU Coefficients

Purpose: Saves the current PRNU coefficients set using the sfs command. Syntax:

wpc

Related command:

sfs

Saving the Current FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Saves the current FPN coefficients set using the sfs command. Syntax:

Releated command:

wfc sfs

Loading a Saved Set of Coefficients

Purpose: Loads a saved set of pixel coefficients. Syntax:

Related commands:

lpc wpc, wfc, sfs

Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Resets the current pixel coefficients to zero. This command does

not reset saved coefficients.

Syntax:

Notes: The black level offset is not reset.

rpc

Rebooting the Camera

The command rc reboots the camera. The camera starts up with the last saved settings and the baud rate used before reboot. Previously saved pixel coefficients are also restored.

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4.11 Saving and Restoring User Settings Using XModem

Use the X-modem feature to save user settings and FPN/PRNU coefficients to a host PC, and vice-versa.

1. HyperTerminal settings

HyperTerminal supports the X-modem communications protocol that is used to upload and download the files. HyperTerminal is the recommended application to use.

Open HyperTerminal by clicking:

StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesCommunicationsHyperTerminal.

Give your HyperTerminal application a name and click OK. The Connect To dialog box appears.

Select a proper COM port.

Select a proper COM port and click OK. A COM Properties dialog box appears.

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54 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Select each item as shown in the figure above, click Apply, and then OK. The HyperTerminal main dialog box appears.

Select File  Properties, or click on the Properties icon and select the Settings tab.

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Select each item as shown in the figure above, and click the ASCII Setup…button.

Set each item as shown in above figure and click OK. Click OK again in the Properties dialog box.

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2. Transfer User Settings

2-1 Save Settings

OK > sus 99 OK > lus X-Modem Transfer to Host. Camera is ready for sending... Click Receive file… in the Transfer menu to save a settings.

Make sure to select the Xmodem.

Note that the sus 99 and sfs 99 commands are only communicating to the load commands (lpc and lus) to use the X-Modem transfer. The contents to be transferred are whatever is in the current camera memory (lus) or whatever is transferred to the current camera memory (wus).

For example, if you want to send setting 5 to the host, you communicate: "sus 5", " lus" ( these 2 commands load set 5 to memory), and then "sus 99", "lus" (these 2 commands send current set (5) to host). Similarly, if you want to load a settings from a host to set number 5, you communicate: “sus 99”, “wus” (these 2 commands load a settings to current camera memory), and then “sus 5”, “wus” (these to commands transfer settings in current memory to set number (5)).

The same theory is applied to saving and restoring FPN and PRNU coefficients.

2-2 Restore Settings

OK > sus 99 OK > wus X-Modem Transfer from Host. Click Send file… in the Transfer menu to load a settings.

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Make sure to select the Xmodem

3. Transfer FPN & PRNU Coefficients

3-1 Save FPN & PRNU Coefficients

OK> sfs 99 OK > lpc X-Modem Transfer to Host. Camera is ready for sending... Click Receive file… in the Transfer menu to save a settings.

3-2 Restore FPN & PRNU Coefficients

OK > sfs 99 OK > wpc X-Modem Transfer from Host.

Click Send file… in the Transfer menu to load a settings. OK>

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4.12 Test Patterns

Generating a Test Pattern

Purpose: Generates a test pattern to aid in system debugging. The test

patterns are useful for verifying camera timing and connections. The following tables show each available test pattern.

Syntax:

svm i

Syntax Elements:

svm

Video. Raw.

12-bit test pattern.

8-bit test pattern

12-bit test pattern

svm

Related Commands

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8-bit test pattern

Use the set mirror mode (smm) command to establish

smm

the direction of the pixel readout.

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4.13 Returning Video Information

The camera’s microcontroller has the ability to read video data. This functionality can be used to verify camera operation and to perform basic testing without having to connect the camera to a frame grabber. This information is also used for collecting line statistics for calibrating the camera.

Returning a Single Line of Video

Purpose: Returns a complete line of video (without pixel coefficients

applied) displaying one pixel value after another. After pixel values have been displayed it also displays the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the line sampled within the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)).

gl command, or the following gla command, to ensure

Syntax:

Use the the proper video input range into the processing chain before executing any pixel calibration commands.

Notes:

Related Commands

Example:

Range defined using the spx and spw commands.

•

Default settings: spx 1 and spw 2.

•

Values returned are in 12-bit DN.

spw, spx gl

Returning Averaged Lines of Video

Setting the Number of Lines to Sample

Purpose: Sets the number of lines to sample when using the gla command

or when performing FPN and PRNU calibration.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Number of lines to sample. Allowable values are 256, 512,

Notes:

Related Commands: Example:

css m m

1024 (factory setting).

To return the current setting, use the gcp command or get

•

css

gla, ccf, cpa css 1024

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Returning the Average of Multiple Lines of Video

Purpose: Returns the average for multiple lines of video data (without pixel

coefficients applied). The number of lines to sample is set and

css command. The camera displays the Min.,

Syntax:

adjusted by the Max., and Mean statistics for the pixels in the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)).

gla

Notes:

Related Commands: Example:

Range defined using the spx and spw commands.

•

Analog gain, analog offset, digital offset, background subtract,

and digital system gain are applied to the data. FPN and PRNU coefficients are not included in the data.

•

Values returned are in 12 bit DN.

spw, spx gla

4.14 Temperature Measurement

The temperature of the camera can be determined by using the vt command. This command will return the internal chip case temperature in degrees Celsius. For proper operation, this value should not exceed 75°C.

Note: If the camera reaches 75°C, the camera will shutdown and the LED will flash red. If

this occurs, the camera must be rebooted using the command, down manually. You will not be able to restart the camera until the temperature is less than 65°C. You will have to correct the temperature problem or the camera will shutdown again. The camera allows you to send the this state.

vt (verify temperature) command while it is in

rc or can be powered

4.15 Voltage Measurement

The command vv displays the camera’s input voltage. Note that the voltage measurement feature of the camera provides only approximate results (typically within 10%). The measurement should not be used to set the applied voltage to the camera but only used as a test to isolate gross problems with the supply voltage.

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4.16 Camera Frequency Measurement

Purpose: Returns the frequency for the requested Camera Link control

signal

Syntax:

gsf i

Syntax Elements:

Camera Link control signal to measure:

Note:

Example:

1: CC1 (EXSYNC) 2: CC2 (PRIN) 3: CC3 (CCD Direction)

• Camera operation may be impacted when entering the gsf

command (i.e., poor time response to direction change or video may have artifacts (gain changes) for several lines while the camera returns signal information)

• This command is not available when operating the camera

with external CCD direction control (scd 2)

gsf 1

4.17 Returning the LED Status

Purpose: Returns the status of the camera’s LED. Syntax:

The camera returns one of the following values:

Notes:

gsl

1 = red (loss of functionality) 2 = green (camera is operating correctly) 5 = flashing green (camera is performing a function) 6 = flashing red (fatal error)

• Refer to section 2.4 Camera LED for more information on

the camera LED

4.18 Returning Camera Settings

Returning All Camera Settings with the Camera Parameter Screen

The camera parameter (gcp) screen returns all of the camera’s current settings. The table below lists all of the gcp screen settings.

To read all current camera settings, use the command: gcp

GCP Screen GENERAL CAMERA SETTINGS

Camera Model No.:

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SC-30-0xK80-00-R

Cameramodelnumber

62 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Camera Serial

xxxxxxxx

No.: Firmware

xx-xxx-xxxxx-xx

Version: CCI Version: xx-xxx-xxxxx-xx

FPGA Version: xx-xxx-xxxxx-xx Set Number: 1 UART Baud Rate: 9600

Camera Link Mode:

clm:2 (2 taps, 8 bits)

Mirroring Mode: 0, left to right

Readout Mode: Off

Exposure Mode: 7

SYNC Frequency: 1600.00 Hz Exposure Time: 200.00 uSec

CCD Direction: internal/forward Video Mode: video Region Of

Interest X: Region Of

2048 or 4096

Interest Width: End-Of-Line

off

Sequence: FFC Coefficient

Set: FPN

Coefficients: PRNU

Coefficients: Input LUT: off

Input LUT

0 Coefficients Set:

Number Of Line

1024 Samples:

Upper Threshold: 3600 Lower Threshold: 400 Current Tap: 0 Colour: RGB Current Light: unadjusted

Cameraserialnumber

Firmwaredesignrevisionnumber

CCIversionnumber

FPGArevisionnumber

Lastusersetloaded,setwithsuscommand

Serialcommunicationconnectionspeedsetwiththe sbrcommand

Currentbitdepthsettingsetwiththeclmcommand

Tapreadoutdirection:lefttoright,orrighttoleft.Set withthesmmcommand

Currentreadoutmodestatus.Setusingthesrm command

Currentexposuremodevaluesetwiththesem command

Currentlinerate.Valueissetwiththessfcommand

Currentexposuretimesetting.Valueissetwiththe setcommand

Currentdirectionsettingsetwithscdcommand

Currentvideomodevaluesetwiththesvmcommand

ThestartinghorizontalpositionofRegionOfInterest. Setwithsrxcommand

WidthofRegionOfInterestinpixel.Setwithsrw command

Stateswhetheranendoflinesequenceisturnedonor off.Setusingtheelscommand

Currentpixelcoefficientsetloaded,setwithsfs command

StateswhetherFPNcoefficientsareonoroff.Setwith theepccommand

StateswhetherPRNUcoefficientsareonoroff.Set withtheepccommand.

StateswhetherLUTcorrectionisonoroff.Setwitheil command

CurrentLUTcoefficientsetloaded,setwithsis command

Numberoflinessamplessetwiththecsscommand

Upperthresholdvaluesetwiththesutcommand

Lowerthresholdvaluesetwiththesltcommand

Currenttap,setwithsctcommand

Currentcolor,setwithsclcommand

Currentlightsource,setwithslscommand

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Color Gain(dB): Red 7.36

7.48

Green 17.23

17.37

Blue 18.56

21.19

Color Reference(dB):

Green 0.00

Blue 0.00

Total Color Gain(dB):

Green 17.23

Blue 18.56

Total Color Gain(DN):

Green 29778

Blue 34704

Color Correction:

r 0 4096 0 0 g 0 0 4096 0 b 0 0 0 4096 y 0 0 0 0 Black Level

Offset: Background

Subtract:

System Gain (DN):

Red 0.00

0.00

Red 7.36

7.48

17.37

21.19

Red 9563

9689

30276

46988

O r g b

12 11

4096

Currentcolorgain,setwithscl,sct,scgcommands



Currentcolorreferencelevel,updatewithucr command



TotalcolorgaininDB,readonlyvalue



TotalcolorgaininDN,readonlyvalue



Colorcorrectionmatrix,setwithscx,scyandscc commands.



Currentamountofblacklevelcorrection

Backgroundsubtractsettingssetwiththessb command

Digitalgainsettingssetwiththessgcommand

Returning Camera Settings with Get Commands

You can also return individual camera settings by inserting a “get” in front of the command that you want to query. If the command has a tap or pixel number parameter, you must also insert the tap number or pixel number that you want to query. To view a help screen listing the get commands, use the command

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gh.

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4.19 ASCII Commands: Reference

The following table lists all of the camera’s available ASCII commands. Refer to Appendix A for detailed information on using these ASCII commands.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = float m = member of a set s = string

x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

Table 14: Command Quick Reference

Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

Help, single command

correction calibrate fpn

Camera Link mode

calculate PRNU algorithm

correction set sample

calibrate white balancing

display pixel coeffs

enable FPN coeffs

enable input LUT

? s

ccf

Performs FPN calibration and eliminates

clm i

cpa i i

css m

cwb

dpc

efc i

eil i

Returns help on a single command

FPN noise by subtracting away individual pixel dark current

Sets the camera’s bit width where:

0 = GREEN, 8 bits, 1 tap 1 = GREEN, 12 bits, 1 tap 2 = Mono, 8 bits, 2 taps 3 = Mono, 12 bits, 2 taps 5 = RGB, 8 bit, 3 taps 6 = RGB, 12 bits, 3 taps 9 = RGBY, 8 bits, 4 taps 10 = RGBY, 12 bits, 4 taps

Performs PRNU calibration according to the selected algorithm. The parameter is the target value to use in a range from

PRNUCoefficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

Sets the number of lines to sample when using the gla command or when performing FPN and PRNU calibration

m is 256, 512, or 1024

where

Adjust color digital gain to make the color output to the given value while imaging a white reference

Displays the pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU, …

Sets whether FNU coefficients are enabled or disabled. Where

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

Enable input LUT, where:

0: Off 1: On

1024 to 4055 DN.

arget

(AVG Pixel Value )

i is:

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

end of line sequence

enable PRNU coefficients

get command log

get camera model

get camera parameters

get camera serial

get camera version

get value

get help

get line

get line average

get signal frequency

get status led

Help

load pixel coefficients

Load user settings

reset camera

els i

epc

gcl gcm gcp

gcs gcv

get

gla gsf

gsl

lpc

lus

Sets the end-of-line sequence:

0: Off 3: LVAL extended by 16 (stat) pixels

7: LVAL shifted by 16 pixels to encompass stat pixels

Sets whether PRNU coefficients are enabled or disabled. Where

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

i is:

Returns list of commands sent.

Reads the camera model number.

Reads all of the camera parameters.

Read the camera serial number.

Read the firmware version and FPGA version.

Returns the value of the parameter specified.

Returns all of the available “get” commands.

Gets a line of video (without pixel coefficients applied) displaying one pixel value after another and the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the sampled line.

Read the average of line samples.

Reads the requested Camera Link control frequency.

1 = EXSYNC frequency 2 = Spare 3 = Direction

Returns the current state of the camera’s LED where:

1 = Red 2 = Green 5 = Blinking green 6 = Blinking red

Display the online help. Refer to the Select Cable Camera ASCII Command Help for details.

Loads the previously saved pixel coefficients from non-volatile memory

Load the settings saved using the lus command at set specified in sus command

Resets the entire camera (reboot). Baud rate is not reset and reboots with the value last used.

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

reset pixel coeffs

set baud rate

set color correction

set ccd direction

set color gain

set color selector

rpc sbr i

scc i

scd i

scg i

scl m

Resets the pixel coefficients to 0.

Set the speed of camera serial communication port. Baud rates:

19200, 57600, and 115200. Default:

9600,

9600.

Set the values in the color matrix that is multiplied at the end of the digital processing.

Sets the CCD shift direction where:

0 = Forward CCD shift direction. 1 = Reverse CCD shift direction. 2 = Externally controlled direction

control via CC3. (CC3=1 forward, CC3=0 reverse.)

Set color gain for current color in a range

0 to 65535. The current color is set from

scl command.

Selects color for gain application. Used prior to the

scg command

Set current tap

set color correction matrix X index

set color correction matrix Y index

Set exposure control

sct

scx m

scy m

sec

Selects tap for color gain application. Used prior to the scg command.

Set current color correction x index in a range of

o/r/g/b.

Set current color correction y index in a range of

r/g/b/y.

This command combines slm command are equivalent to sem command.

Set exposure control mode.

If input is t, this mode uses the value set by the “set” command for the exposure time

If input is w, this mode uses the width of the line trigger pulse.

If the user tries to set this mode while “slm” is set to internal, then they will receive an error: not available in this mode.

If the user sets the “slm’ to internal while the “sec” value is set to width. The camera will return a warning message and change the exposure control to maximum.

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If input I is m. The camera uses the maximum possible exposure time for the given line rate

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

set exposure mode

set exposure time

set FFC set number

sem m

set f

sfs

Sets the exposure mode:

2 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable line rate and exposure time using commands

3 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

ssf and set

maximum exposure time

4 = Smart EXSYNC 6 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time

7 = Internal programmable SYNC,

maximum exposure time. Factory setting.

8 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time. Maximum line rate for exposure time.

Sets the exposure time. Refer to the camera help screen (

h command) for

allowable range.

Set to load/save using the lpc, wpc, wfc commands.

set input [lut] selector

set line mode

set light source

set lower threshold

set mirroring mode

set pixel window width

set pixel X position

set readout mode

set ROI width

set ROI X

set subtract background

sis

slm

sls

slt

smm

spw

spx

srm

srw srx ssb

i i i

Set the input lut set used in the wil commands.

Set the line trigger mode as either external or internal:

e—external line trigger i—internal line trigger.

Set current light source in a range of 0 to

The pixels below the lower threshold are checked for and reported in the end-ofline sequence in a range from

Set tap readout direction: left to right, or right to left

0-4095.

Set horizontal width used in gl, gla, dpc commands.

Set horizontal starting position used in gl, gla, dpc commands.

Set the readout mode in order to clear out dark current charge in the vertical transfer gates before the sensor is read out.

0 = Auto. 1 = Dark current clear. 2 = Immediate readout. Does not clear

dark current.

Specify the width of the ROI.

Specify the starting X position of the ROI.

Subtract the input value from the output signal.

i = Subtracted value in a range from 0 to

4095.

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

set sync frequency

set system gain

set user set number

set upper threshold

set video mode

ssf

ssg

sus

sut

svm

Set the frame rate to a value from 300 Hz to

18000 Hz (2k model). Value rounded

up/down as required.

Set the digital gain.

i = Digital gain in a range from 0 to

65535. The digital video values are

multiplied by this number.

The pixels equal to or greater than the upper threshold are checked for and reported in the end-of-line sequence in a range from

Switch between normal video mode and camera test patterns:

0: Normal video mode 1: Camera test pattern 2: Camera test pattern

0-4095.

Update color reference

verify temperature

verify voltage

write FPN coefficients

write input LUT

write PRNU coeffs

write user settings

4.20 Error Handling

The following table lists warning and error messages and provides a description and possible cause. Warning messages are returned when the camera cannot meet the full value of the request; error messages are returned when the camera is unable to complete the request.

ucr

wfc

wil

wpc

wus

Write all of the user settings to non-

Set the color reference value to the current color gain value.

Check the internal temperature of the camera.

Check the camera’s input voltages and return OK or fail.

Write all current FPN coefficients to nonvolatile memory.

Write current LUT’s to non-volatile memory.

Write all current PRNU coefficients to non-volatile memory.

volatile memory.

Table 15: Warning and Error Messages

Message Description

OK> SUCCESS

Warning 01: Outside of specification>

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Parameter accepted was outside of specified operating range (e.g. gain greater than 0 to +20 dB of factory setting).

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Message Description

Warning 02: Clipped to min>

Warning 03: Clipped to max>

Warning 04: Related parameters adjusted>

Warning 07: Coefficient may be inaccurate A/D clipping has occurred>

Warning 08: Greater than 1% of coefficients have been clipped>

Warning 09: Internal line rate inconsistent with readout time>

Parameter was clipped to the current operating range. Use gcp to see value used.

In the region of interest (ROI) greater than 6.251% single or 1% of averaged pixel values were zero or saturated.

A FPN/PRNU has been calculated to be greater than the maximum allowable 511 (8).

Message Description

Error 02: Unrecognized command>

Error 03: Incorrect number of parameters>

Error 04: Incorrect parameter value>

Error 05: Command unavailable in this mode>

Error 06: Timeout> Command not completed in time. Eg FPN/PRNU calculation when no

Error 07: Camera settings not saved>

Error 08: Unable to calibrate - tap outside ROI>

Error 09: The camera's temperature exceeds the specified operating range>

Command is not available in the current access level or it is not a valid command.

This response returned for

· Alpha received for numeric or vice versa

· Not an element of the set of possible values. E.g., Baud Rate

· Outside the range limit

Command is valid at this level of access, but not effective. Eg line rate when in smart Exsync mode

external Exsync is present. Tried saving camera settings (rfs/rus) but they cannot be saved.

Cannot calibrate a tap that is not part of the region of interest.

Indicates that the camera has shut itself down to prevent damage from further overheating.

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4.21 Clearing Dark Current

Gate Dark Current Clear

Image sensors accumulate dark current while they wait for a trigger signal. If the readout is not triggered in a reasonable amount of time, then this dark current accumulation may increase to an excessive amount. The result of this happening will be that the first row, and possibly additional rows (frames), of the image will be corrupt.

The sensor used in this camera contains two sources of dark current that will accumulate with time: 1) in the photo sensitive area, and 2) in the gates used to clock-out the charge.

The gate dark current can account for approximately 20% of the total dark current present. While the exposure control has direct control over the amount of dark current in the photo sensitive area, it has no control over the charge accumulated in the gates. Even with exposure control on, at low line rates, this gate charge can cause the camera to saturate.

Using the

Set Readout Mode (srm) command, the camera user can control the

camera's behavior in order to minimize the dark current artifact.

The modes of operation selected by the

srm command are: Auto, On, or Off.

Figure 20: Gate Dark Current Clear

Dark Current

Clear

Mode

Immediate

Readout

0Hz

Watchdog

Frequency

Dark Current Clear to

Immediate

Readout

Transition

Frequency

Increasing Line Rate

Frequency

Immediate Readout to

Dark

Current

Clear

Transition

Frequency

Table 16. Transition Frequencies

Model Dark Current Clear to Immediate

Readout Transition

SC-30-02k80 6767 Hz 8176 Hz

SC-30-04k80 3518 Hz 4257 Hz

Immediate Readout to Dark Current Clear Transition

Max. Line Rate in

Dark Current Clear

Mode

Max. Line Rate in

Immediate

Readout Mode

Immediate read out mode (srm 2)

In this mode the image is read out, including accumulated dark current, immediately following the trigger or the EXSYNC falling edge.

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There are no line rate limitations other than the amount of gate dark current that can be tolerated at low line rates.

There are no timing or exposure anomalies other than situations where EXSYNC is removed from camera. In this case, the camera will operate in a "watchdog" state.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Gate dark current clear mode (always on, srm 1)

In this mode the gate dark current will be cleared continuously.

After the trigger (EXSYNC) is received, the dark current is cleared from the image sensor before the image is acquired. The line rate is limited to ½ the maximum line rate available for that model of camera.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Table 17. Maximum Line Rates

Max. Line Rate Model Immediate Readout Mode Dark Current Clear Mode

SC-30-02k80 18000 Hz 9000 Hz

SC-30-04k80 9000 Hz 4500 Hz

When operating in the dark current clear mode, there will be a slight delay, equivalent to one readout time, before the actual exposure is implemented. The actual exposure time will not be altered.

Table 18. Exposure Delay and Maximum Exposure Time in Auto Mode

Model Exposure Delay and Max Exposure Time in Auto Mode

SC-30-02k80 55.5 µs

SC-30-04k80 111 µs

Auto Mode (default, srm 0)

In this mode the line rate from the camera will automatically cause a switch between the gate dark current clear mode and non gate dark current clear mode.

The frequency of when this mode switchover occurs depends on the camera model.

In cases where the line rate is rapidly increased from below the Dark Current Clear to Immediate Readout Transition Frequency to above the Immediate Readout to Dark Current Clear Transition Frequency, the first line following this transition will likely be corrupted.

The table below outlines the artifacts that may be seen during this transition period. All subsequent lines after this occurrence will be as expected.

In the case of a slow transition (that is, when the EXSYNC line rate increases by less than 10% of the previous line rate) a line readout will not become corrupt.

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There are also limitations on the exposure time when operating in auto mode: If the line rate exceeds half the maximum line rate, then the exposure time cannot exceed the time stated in

Table 18.

Note: DALSA recommends Auto mode for most users.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Please note: The graphic below explains the relationship between the following tables and the preceding figure, Gate Dark Current Clear.

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout: Multi-Line Artifacts.

SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

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SRM 2, Immediate Readout Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

DUMP

EXSYNC

DUMP

INT

LVAL

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

DUMP

EXSYNC

DUMP

INT

VERT_TRANS

< #)

INT

IMMEDIATE

> #)

INT

IMMEDIATE

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Valid

LVAL

Valid

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout: Multi-Line Artifacts

SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

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Immediate Readout state

74 PRELIMINARY Spyder3 Color Manual

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

SRM 2, Immediate Readout Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

DUMP

EXSYNC

DUMP

INT

VERT_TRANS

LVAL

< #)

INT

>DUMP (MAX)

Valid

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

DUMP

EXSYNC

DUMP

INT

VERT_TRANS

LVAL

> #)

INT

>DUMP (MAX)

Valid

Immediate Readout to Dark Current Dump: Hysteresis Artifacts

SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

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SRM 0, Auto Mode. Time Period Operating Region Operating Mode

VERT_TRANS

EXSYNC

DUMP

INT

LVAL

IMMEDIATE

DUMP

Valid

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

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Setting the Readout Mode

Purpose: Use this command to clear out dark current charge in the vertical

transfer gates immediately before the sensor is read out.

Syntax:

srm

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

: Auto. Clears dark current below ~ 45% of the maximum line rate. (Default mode.)

1: Dark current clear. Always clears dark. Reduces the

maximum line rate.

2: Immediate readout. Does not clear dark current.

Modes 0 and 1 are not available to the 4k camera model.

•

The vertical transfer gates collect dark current during the line

If the user is in sem 2 or 7 and srm 2, with ssf at 45% of the

•

This value is saved with the camera settings.

•

This value may be viewed using either the gcp command or

the get

srm command.

sem, ssf

Example:

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srm 0

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5 DCT GUI Interface

You can interact with the camera either through the ASCII command interface or through the DCT GUI. Either option gives you extensive control over the camera.

The GUI is explained here. For a description of the ASCII interface, see the Software Interface section, page 25.

System requirements and software installation

The readme.txt that comes with the installation package describes the system requirements, software installation steps, and software components installed.

5.1 Getting Help

The application provides searchable help file describing the GUI windows, providing descriptions of specific features as well as conceptual information related to those features.

You can find help from the accompanying user guide or directly from the GUI Help.

5.2 Operating Tips

In case that parameter window is empty:

• Check if the frame grabber serial port is mapped.

• Check if the hyper terminal and/or DALSA terminal is open. If so, close them first

and then reopen the GUI.

• Check if the camera power is on.

Use the hyper terminal or DALSA terminal to diagnose if there are issues with the camera. Use DALSA CamExpert or a third party frame grabber tool to diagnose if there are issues with the frame grabber. If there are no issues with either the camera or the frame grabber, then close those applications, and re-open the GUI.

Camera should always operate in user mode.

On start-up, DCT will automatically connect to a camera. If the connection is successful, all parameters are retrieved from the camera and displayed in the parameter window. Otherwise the parameter window will be empty. DCT can detect a camera manually using the DALSA Camera Detection menu item under the CameraLink Port menu. DCT will not automatically detect the loss of a connection due to a power loss or a loose cable.

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5.3 GUI Window

Figure 21: Main GUI Window

From the main DCT GUI window, select from the Parameters list to access the camera features.

5.4 Detecting Cameras

Figure 22: Camera Detect

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To manually detect a camera, under the CameraLink Port menu, click Dalsa Camera Detect.

5.5 User Levels

Figure 23: User Levels

The features in the GUI parameter windows are grouped into the following user levels: Beginner, Expert, Guru.

By selecting Beginner from the menu View > Parameters Options, only parameters belonging to the beginner level will be displayed in parameter windows. However, when selecting the higher levels (Expert and Guru), parameters below these levels will also be included. At the GURU level all parameters are displayed to the user.

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5.6 Camera Parameters

Figure 24: Camera Information

Name Visibility Description ASCII

Command

Camera Model Beginner Camera model name. gcm NA NA

Device Serial Number Beginner A unique identifier of the

camera. This number matches the serial number on the camera’s label.

Firmware version Beginner Firmware version. gcv NA NA

Camera CCI version Beginner Camera CCI (Camera

Configuration Information) version.

FPGA version Beginner FPGA version. gcv NA NA

Baud Rate Beginner Camera Baud Rate. The

DCT automatically changes the camera’s baud rate to

115200. The Baud rate is switched back to the

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gcs NA NA

gcv NA NA

sbr 9600/19200/

Command Range

57600/115200

Additional Information

Baud Rate, page 26.

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previous setting after closing DCT.

Device Temperature Beginner The camera's temperature,

in Celsius.

Device Voltage Beginner The camera’s DC voltage

(V).

vt NA NA

vv NA NA

Figure 25: Image Format Control

Name Visibility Description ASCII

Pixel Format

Enable Line Delay

Sensor Mirror Mode

Video Mode

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Beginner Format of the image

pixels.

Guru Enables the line delay. eld True, False Enabling Line

Expert Controls the horizontal

direction of the image.

Guru Video mode. Raw is real

image. Ramp and Fixed data are built-in test patterns.

Command

clm raw8, raw12,

smm Left to Right (0),

svm Video, ramp,

Range

rgb8, rgb12, rgba8, rgba12

Right to Left (1)

fixed data

Additional Information

Setting the Camera Link Mode, page 31.

Delay, page 38.

Setting the Pixel Readout Direction, page

36.

Generating a Test Pattern, page 58.

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Figure 26: Acquisition and Trigger Controls

Name

Line Rate (Hz) Expert Line rate of the camera. ssf 300 ~ 17900

CCD Drection Expert CCD sensor direction. scd Internal

Exposure Time Guru Exposure Time in

Internal Exposure Mode

Trigger Mode Expert The operation mode of the

Exposure Mode Expert The operation mode of the

Visibility Description ASCII

Command

set 3 ~3300 (µs) Setting the Exposure microseconds. This feature is only configurable if Camera Internal Exposure mode is set to 2 and 6.

Guru Camera Internal Exposure

Mode. This is set by the Trigger Mode and the Exposure Mode.

trigger for the acquisition.

exposure control.

sem NA Setting the Exposure

slm Internal,

sec Timed,

Command Range

Forward (0), Internal Reverse (1),

External (2)

External

Trigger Width,

Additional Information

Setting the Line Rate, page 35.

CCD Shift Direction, page 30.

Time, page 35.

Mode, page 32.

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Maximum Exposure Time

Figure 27: Digital Controls

Name

Color Beginner Selects the color to control.

Color gain (DB) Beginner Color gain (DB) relative to

Color gain reference

Update Color Gain Reference

Digital Gain Beginner The digital gain in device

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Visibility Description ASCII

This feature has an affect on the color gains and color reference values.

color gain reference (DB) at the current tap and color setting.

Beginner Color Gain Reference in DB at

current tap and color setting.

Beginner Sets the current color gain

value to 0.0 dB.

units (DN).

Command

scl All, Red,

scg -20.00 ~ 20

NA NA

ucr NA NA

ssg 0 ~ 65535 DN Setting Digital

Range

Green, Blue

Additional Information

Setting Color Selector, page 39.

Setting Color Gain, page 39.

System Gain, page

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48.

Background Subtract

Beginner Subtracts a background value

from digitized image data.

ssb 0 ~ 4095 DN Subtracting

Background, page

47.

Calibrate White Balance

Expert Adjusts the color gains so that

each color’s average is equal

cwb NA Calibrate White

Balance, page 39. to the target specified in Calibrate White Balance Target.

Calibrate White Balance Target

Expert The target value for the

Calibrate White Balance

cwb 1024~4055

Calibrate White

Balance, page 39. command.

Light Source Beginner Specify the adjustment to the

color gain values for a given light source.

sls Unadjusted

(5200K) White LED.

Halogen, Fluorescent, Tungsten

Color Correction Input

Color Correction Output

Color correction Factor

Guru Specifies the index for the

color correction input value.

Guru Specifies the color to correct

using the color correction matrix.

Guru The color correction value for

the given indices specified in

scx Offset, Red,

Green, Blue

Setting Color

Correction X Index,

page 40.

scy Red, Green

Blue, Luminance

Setting Color

Correction Y Index,

page 40.

scc -32000~32000 Setting Color

Correction, page 39. Color Correction Input Color and Color Correction Output Color commands.

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Figure 28: User Sets

Name Visibility Description Camera

Command

User Set Selector

User Set Load

User Set Save

Beginner This feature selects which User

Set to load, save or configure. The default is reserved for

factory user to save factory calibrated data, and can only be read. If the user wants to save another setting, they need to set the user selector to a value other than default.

Beginner Loads the User Set specified

by User Set Selector to the device, and makes it active.

Expert Save the User Set specified by

User Set Selector to the nonvolatile memory of the device.

sus

rus NA Saving and Restoring

wus NA Saving and Restoring

Command Range

Default, set1, set2, set3, set4, set5, set6, set7, set8

Additional Information

Saving and Restoring Settings, page 51.

Settings, page 51.

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Figure 29: Flat Field Correction

Name

Pixel Set Selector Beginner This feature selects which

Load Pixel Coefficient

Save PRNU Coefficient

Save FPN Expert Saves the FPN Correction wfc NA Saving and

Visibility Description ASCII

Command

sfs Default,

pixel set to load and save. The default is reserved for

factory user to save factory calibrated data, and can only be read. If they want to save another set of coefficients, they need to set Pixel Set Selector to a value other than the default.

Beginner Loads the Flat Field

Correction Coefficients (specified by the Pixel Set Selector) from the cameras non-volatile memory.

Expert Saves the PRNU Correction

Coefficients (specified by the Pixel Set Selector) to the camera’s non-volatile memory.

lpc NA Saving and

wpc NA Saving and

Command Range

set1, set2, set3, set4, set5, set6, set7, set8

Additional Information

Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients, page

52.

Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients, page

52.

Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients, page

52.

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Coefficient Coefficients (specified by the

Pixel Set Selector) to the camera’s non-volatile memory.

Calibrate FPN Guru Calibrate FPN. Ensure that

you cover the sensor completely.

Calibrate PRNU Guru Calibrate PRNU coefficient.

Ensure proper light, and target specified in the PRNU calibration target.

PRNU Calibration

Guru PRNU calibration target cpa 1024 ~

Target

FPN Enable Beginner The state of the FPN

Correction.

PRNU Enable Beginner The state of the PRNU

Correction.

Reset Coefficient Guru Reset Pixel FPN and PRNU

coefficients to zero.

Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients, page

52.

ccf NA FPN Correction,

page 46.

cpa NA PRNU Correction,

page 47.

PRNU Correction,

4055

efc False,

True

page 47.

Enable FPN Coefficients, page

49.

epc False,

True

Enable PRNU Coefficients, page

49.

rpc NA Resetting the

Current Pixel Coefficients, page

52.

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6 Appendix A

6.1 Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table

Camera Link is a communication interface for vision applications. It provides a connectivity standard between cameras and frame grabbers. A standard cable connection will reduce manufacturers’ support time and greatly reduce the level of complexity and time needed for customers to successfully integrate high speed cameras with frame grabbers. This is particularly relevant as signal and data transmissions increase both in complexity and throughput. A standard cable/connector assembly will also enable customers to take advantage of volume pricing, thus reducing costs.

The camera link standard is intended to be extremely flexible in order to meet the needs of different camera and frame grabber manufacturers.

The DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map (available at from http://mv.dalsa.com) details how DALSA standardizes its use of the Camera Link interface.

LVDS Technical Description

Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is a high speed, low power, general purpose interface standard. The standard, known as ANSI/TIA/EIA-644, was approved in March

1996. LVDS uses differential signaling, with a nominal signal swing of 350mV differential. The low signal swing decreases rise and fall times to achieve a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 1.923 Gbps into a loss-less medium. The low signal swing also means that the standard is not dependent on a particular supply voltage. LVDS uses currentmode drivers, which limit power consumption. The differential signals are immune to ±1 V common volt noise.

Camera Signal Requirements

This section provides definitions for the signals used in the Camera Link interface. The standard Camera Link cable provides camera control signals, serial communication, and video data.

Video Data

The Channel Link technology is integral to the transmission of video data. Image data and image enable signals are transmitted on the Channel Link bus. Four enable signals are defined as:

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• FVAL—Frame Valid (FVAL) is defined HIGH for valid lines.

• LVAL—Line Valid (LVAL) is defined HIGH for valid pixels.

• DVAL—Data Valid (DVAL) is defined HIGH when data is valid.

• Spare— A spare has been defined for future use.

All four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip. All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera. For more information on image data bit allocations, refer to the official Camera Link specification located at http://mv.dalsa.com.

Camera Control Signals

Four LVDS pairs are reserved for general purpose camera control. They are defined as camera inputs and frame grabber outputs. Camera manufacturers can define these signals to meet their needs for a particular product. The signals are:

• Camera Control 1 (CC1)

• Camera Control 2 (CC2)

• Camera Control 3 (CC3)

The camera uses the following control signals:

Table 19: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

CC1 EXSYNC, negative edge active

CC2 PRIN

CC3 Direction

Communication

Two LVDS pairs have been allocated for asynchronous serial communication to and from the camera and frame grabber. Cameras and frame grabbers should support at least 9600 baud. These signals are

• SerTFG—Differential pair with serial communications to the frame grabber.

• SerTC—Differential pair with serial communications to the camera.

The serial interface will have the following characteristics: one start bit, one stop bit, no parity, and no handshaking. It is recommended that frame grabber manufacturers supply both a user interface and a software application programming interface (API) for using the asynchronous serial communication port. The user interface will consist of a terminal program with minimal capabilities of sending and receiving a character string and sending a file of bytes. The software API will provide functions to enumerate boards and send or receive a character string.

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Power

Power will not be provided on the Camera Link connector. The camera will receive power through a separate cable. Camera manufacturers will define their own power connector, current, and voltage requirements.

6.2 Camera Link Bit Definitions

BASE Configuration Mode

Mode PORT A

Bits 0 thru 7

Mode 0, 1 1 Tap n bit

G G

LSB….Bit 7 Bit 8….MSB xxxx xxxxxxx

Where Mode 0 = 8 bit Mode 1 = 12 bit

Mode 2 2 Tap 8 bit

Mode 3 2 Tap n bit

Where n= 12

Mode 5 RGB 8 bit

Mode 6 RGB 12 bit

Mode 9 Color

RGBY 8 bit Mode 10 Color

RGBY 12 bit

RBRBRB…

LSB..Bit 7

RBRB…

LSB.. Bit 7

LSB…Bit 7

LSB.. Bit 7

LSB..Bit 7

T0 T1 (Note: Entries imply double frequency pixel

rate data transmission) PORT B Bits 0 thru 7

GGGGGG…

LSB..Bit 7

RBRB…

Bits 8,9,10,11,

Bits 8,9,10,11

LSB…Bit 7

Bits 8,9,10,11,

B Bits 8,9,10,11

LSB..Bit 7

Bits 8, 9,10, 11

PORT C Bits 0 thru 7

x= don’t care for unused bits

xxxxxxx N/A N/A N/A

LSB..Bit 7

LSB…Bit 7

LSB...Bit 7

xxxxxxxx

LSB..Bit 7

PORT A Bits 0 thru 7

N/A N/A N/A

LSB... Bit 7

LSB..Bit 7

LSB...Bit 7

PORT B Bits 0 thru 7

Bits 8,9,10,11

xxxx

Y LSB..Bit 7

Bits 8, 9,10, 11

Y Bits 8, 9,10, 11

PORT C Bits 0 thru 7

xxxxxxxx

Y LSB..Bit 7

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6.3 Camera Link Configuration Tables

The following table provides tap reconstruction information. DALSA is working with the machine vision industry to use this table as the basis for auto configuration. Visit the

http://mv.dalsa.com

Map document, 03-32-00450, for further details.

SC-30-0xk80 Interface Parameters

Note: PRELIMINARY

Table 20: Framegrabber Interface Parameters

Web site and view the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road

Item (when programmable configuration the

SC-30-02k80 SC-30-04k80

options are separated with a | )

Imager Dimension <1,2 or 1|2> 1 1

Imager Columns<number of active columns, X> 2048 4096

Imager Rows<number of active rows, Y> Line Scan/TDI are defined as 1

Number of CCD Taps <1,2,3…..> 2 2

Sensor Tap Clock Rate <xx MHz> 40 40

Camera Standard <NTSC, PAL, VS, VW, MW> VS VS

Variable Window <Column Start, Column End, Row Start, Row End>

Multiple Window Number of Windows (Column Start 1, Column End

1, Row Start 1, Row End 1) (Column Start 2, Column End 2,...)

Number of Camera Configurations<1,2,3,…> 2 2

Configuration Definition Cx= HDW, Number of Output Taps, Bit Width,

Number of Processing Nodes where Cx is the configuration ID x is <1,2,3…> HDW is <Base, Medium, Full> Number of Output Taps is <1,2,3…> Bit width is <8, 10, 12…> Number Processing Nodes is <1 or 2>

1 1

(0,0,0,0) All zeros

indicates an unsupported feature

0, (0,0,0,0) All zeros

indicates an unsupported feature

C1 = Base, 2, 8, 1 C2 = Base, 2, 12, 1

(0,0,0,0) All zeros

indicates an unsupported feature

0, (0,0,0,0) All zeros

indicates an unsupported feature

C1 = Base, 2, 8, 1 C2 = Base, 2, 12, 1

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Item (when programmable configuration the

SC-30-02k80 SC-30-04k80

options are separated with a | )

Tap Reconstruction In some configurations the reconstruction may

change. C0 is the default output format and must be listed. Output configurations that don’t conform are listed separately.

<Cx,Tn (Column Start, Column End, Column Increment, Row Start, Row End, Row Increment>

Camera Color <Hybrid, Mono, Pattern, Solid>

RGB Pattern Size < (T1, Columns*Rows) (T2, Columns*Rows) (T3,

Columns*Rows….>

Color Definition (Column, Row, Color) Where color is R,G,B

Row Color Offset <0,1,2,3…> 0 0

Column Color Offset <0,1,2,3…> 0 0

Row Binning Factor <1,2,3 or 1|2|3> 1 1

Column Binning Factor <1,2,3 or 1|2|3> 1| 2 1| 2

Pretrigger Pixels <0,1,2…or 0..15> 0 0

Pretrigger Lines <0,1,2.. or 0..15> 0 0

Frame Time Minimum <xx µs> 27.78 54.05

Frame Time Maximum <xx µs> 3333 3333

Horizontal mirroring is supported. Mirror “on” changes the following unmirrored values to:

• The sign of

the column increment is inverted.

• Column

Start becomes the Column End value

• Column

End becomes the Column Start value

Direction left to right readout

C0, T1 (1, 1024, 1, 1, 1, 1)

C0, T2 (1025, 2048, 1, 1, 1, 1)

Mono

(T0, 1*1) where 0 is reserved for the default case and individual taps don’t need to be articulated

T0 = (1, 1, M) where 0 is reserved for the default case and individual taps don’t need to be defined

Horizontal mirroring is supported. Mirror “on” changes the following unmirrored values to:

• The sign of

• Column Start

• Column End

Direction left to right readout

C0, T1 (1, 2048, 1, 1, 1, 1)

C0, T2 (2049, 4096, 1, 1, 1, 1)

Mono

(T0, 1*1) where 0 is reserved for the default case and individual taps don’t need to be articulated

T0 = (1, 1, M) where 0 is reserved for the default case and individual taps don’t need to be defined

the column increment is inverted.

becomes the Column End value

becomes the Column Start value

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Item (when programmable configuration the

SC-30-02k80 SC-30-04k80

options are separated with a | )

Internal Line/Frame Time Resolution <xx ns> 0 if not applicable

Pixel Reset Pulse Minimum Width <xx ns> 0 if not applicable

Internal Pixel Reset Time Resolution <xx ns> 0 if not applicable

Pixel Reset to Exsync Hold time <xx ns>

BAUD Rate <9600….> 9600, 19200,

CC1 <Exsync> EXSYNC EXSYNC

CC2 <PRIN> PRIN PRIN

CC3 <Forward, Reverse> Forward/

CC4 <Spare> Spare Spare

DVAL out <Strobe Valid, Alternate> Strobe Valid Strobe Valid

Spare out <Spare> (For future use)

25 25

3000 3000

25 25

9600, 19200,

57600, 115200

Reverse

Spare Spare

57600, 115200

Forward/ Reverse

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7 Appendix B

7.1 Declaration of Conformity

MIL-STD-810E

Others pending.

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8 Appendix C

8.1 Troubleshooting

The information in this chapter can help you solve problems that may occur during the setup of your camera. Remember that the camera is part of the entire acquisition system. You may have to troubleshoot any or all of the following:

• power supplies • cabling

• software • host computer

• light sources • optics

• operating environment • encoder

LED

When the camera is first powered up, the LED will glow on the back of the camera. Refer to section 2.4 for information on the LED.

Connections

The first step in troubleshooting is to verify that your camera has all the correct connections.

See the section detailing the camera connections, section 2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED, page 11.

Equipment Requirements

Ensure that you are using compatible equipment.

Power Supply Voltages

Check for the presence of all voltages at the camera power connector. Verify that all grounds are connected. Verify input voltage with the camera’s ‘vv’ serial command.

EXSYNC

When the camera is received from the factory, it defaults (no external input required) to exposure mode 7 (1600 Hz line rate, internal Sync to trigger readout). After a user has saved settings, the camera powers up with the saved settings.

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If you change to an exposure mode that requires an external sync, ensure that you properly providing an external sync

Camera Operation and Test Patterns

Have the camera send out a test pattern and verify it is being properly received.

Communications

To quickly verify serial communications send the help command. The h command returns the online help menu. If further problems persist, review Appendix C for more information on communications.

Verify Parameters

To verify the camera parameters, send the gcp command. A complete explanation of the camera parameters screen follows.

Verify Timing and Digital Video Path

Use the test pattern feature to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber and verify the proper output along the digital processing chain. See below.

Generating Test Patterns

The camera can generate a test pattern to aid in system debugging. Use the command

svm 1 to activate the test pattern. The test pattern is a ramp from 0 to 255DN, then starts

at 0 again. Use the test pattern to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber.

• No test pattern or bad test pattern— May indicate a problem with the camera (e.g.

missing bit) or a system setup problem (e.g. frame grabber or timing). Verify the presence of the LVAL and STROBE signals.

• Test pattern successful— Run the

gl command under both dark and light conditions to retrieve a line of raw video (no

digital processing). Under dark conditions, with factory settings, the analog offset value should be within the specified range (refer to the user specifications).

svm 0 command to activate video. Then run the

Verify Voltage

Use the vv command to display the camera's input voltage.

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Verify Temperature

To check the internal temperature of the camera, use the vt command. For proper operation, this value should not exceed 75°C.

Note: If the camera reaches 75°C, the camera will shutdown and the LED will flash red.

If this occurs, the camera must be rebooted using the command, down manually. You will have to correct the temperature problem or the camera will shutdown again. If you enter any command other than with:

Error 09: The camera's temperature exceeds the specified operating range>

vt or rc, the camera responds

rc or can be powered

Verify Pixel Coefficients

Use the dpc command to display the pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU… The camera also returns the pixel number for each fifth pixel.

End-of-line Sequence

To further aid debugging, the camera can generate an end-of-line sequence. The end-ofline-sequence outputs "aa", "55", "line counter", "line average", "pixels above threshold", "pixels below threshold". To activate the end-of-line sequence, use the commands

(LVAL extended by 16 (stat) pixels) or els 7 (LVAL shifted by 16 pixels to encompass stat pixels)

use the command

Use the modes, or 0 to 4096 for 12 bit data modes.

sut and slt commands to set threshold values between 0 and 255 for 8 bit data

els 0.

8.2 Specific Solutions

No Output or Erratic Behavior

If your camera provides no output or behaves erratically, it may be picking up random noise from long cables acting as antennae. Do not attach wires to unused pins. Verify that the camera is not receiving spurious inputs (e.g. EXSYNC if camera is in exposure mode that requires external signals).

Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Line Rate

Verify that the frequency of the internal sync is set correctly, or when the camera is set to external sync that the EXSYNC signal supplied to the camera does not exceed the camera’s useable Line rate under the current operating conditions.

els 3

. To disable the end-of-line sequence,

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Noisy Output

Check your power supply voltage outputs for noise. Noise present on these lines can result in poor video quality.

Dark Patches

If dark patches appear in your output the optics path may have become contaminated. Clean your lenses and sensor windows with extreme care.

1. Take standard ESD precautions.

2. Wear latex gloves or finger cots

3. Blow off dust using a filtered blow bottle or dry, filtered compressed air.

4. Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissue (approx. 3" x 5") to make a square pad that

5. is approximately one finger-width

6. Moisten the pad on one edge with 2-3 drops of clean solvent—either alcohol or

acetone. Do not saturate the entire pad with solvent.

7. Wipe across the length of the window in one direction with the moistened end first,

followed by the rest of the pad. The dry part of the pad should follow the moistened end. The goal is to prevent solvent from evaporating from the window surface, as this will end up leaving residue and streaking behind.

8. Repeat steps 2-4 using a clean tissue until the entire window has been cleaned.

9. Blow off any adhering fibers or particles using dry, filtered compressed air.

Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Image

A faulty or irregular encoder signal may result in horizontal lines due to exposure time fluctuations; ensure that your exposure time is regular. If you have verified that your exposure time is consistent and patterns of low frequency intensity variations still occur, ensure that you are using a DC or high frequency light source.

03-032-20059-00 DALSA

Dalsa SC-30-02k80-00-R, SC-30-04k80-00-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual