Dalsa S3-10-01k40-R, S3-20-01k40-R, S3-10-02k40-R, S3-20-02k40-R User Manual

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Spyder 3 Camera Link

User’s Manual

S3-10-01k40-R S3-20-01k40-R S3-10-02k40-R S3-20-02k40-R

Camera Link Dual Line Scan Camera

9-Aug-07

03-032-20008-00

www.dalsa.com

2 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

© 2007 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA.

About DALSA

DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing semiconductor products and services. DALSA’s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics technology, software, and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing. Products and services include image sensor components; electronic digital cameras; vision processors; image processing software; and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS, high-voltage semiconductors, image sensors and mixed-signal CMOS chips. DALSA is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “DSA”. The Company has its corporate offices in Waterloo, ON and over 1000 employees world-wide.

For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s extensive line of image sensing products, please call:

DALSA Sales Offices

Waterloo Europe Asia Pacific

605 McMurray Rd Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023 www.dalsa.com/mv sales.americas@dalsa.com

Breslauer Str. 34 D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich) Germany Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770 Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746 www.dalsa.com/mv sales.europe@dalsa.com

Ikebukuro East 13F 3-4-3 Higashi-Ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013 Japan Tel: 81 3 5960 6353 Fax: 81 3 5960 6354 www.dalsa.com/mv sales.asia@dalsa.com

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 3

Contents

1 Introduction to the Spyder 3 CL Camera ____________________________________ 5

1.1 Camera Highlights.......................................................................................................................................................5

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications ............................................................................................................................6

1.3 Image Sensor...............................................................................................................................................................9

1.4 Responsivity.................................................................................................................................................................12

1.5 Derating Curves...........................................................................................................................................................12

2 Setting Up the Camera ________________________________________________ 17

2.1 Installation Overview...................................................................................................................................................17

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED...............................................................................................................................17

2.3 Power Connector..........................................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Camera LED.................................................................................................................................................................19

2.5 Camera Link Data Connector ......................................................................................................................................19

2.6 Camera Link Video Timing..........................................................................................................................................22

3 Software Interface: How to Control the Camera _______________________________ 25

3.1 First Power Up Camera Settings..................................................................................................................................27

3.2 Command Categories...................................................................................................................................................28

3.3 Camera Output Format ...............................................................................................................................................29

4 Optical, Mechanical, and Electrical Considerations _____________________________ 33

4.1 Mechanical Interface....................................................................................................................................................33

4.2 Optical Interface ..........................................................................................................................................................34

4.3 Electrical Interface .......................................................................................................................................................36

5 CCD Handling Instructions______________________________________________ 37

5.1 Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor ................................................................................................................37

5.2 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches..................................................................................................................37

5.3 Cleaning the Sensor Window.......................................................................................................................................38

6 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________________ 39

6.1 Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................................................................................39

6.2 Specific Solutions.........................................................................................................................................................41

6.3 Product Support...........................................................................................................................................................43

7 Appendix A ________________________________________________________ 45

7.1 Spyder 3 Camera Link ASCII Commands....................................................................................................................45

7.2 Sensor Output Format.................................................................................................................................................49

7.3 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time ...........................................................................................................50

7.4 Data Processing...........................................................................................................................................................56

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7.5 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain...............................................................................................................57

7.6 End-of-line Sequence ..................................................................................................................................................70

7.7 Saving and Restoring Settings.....................................................................................................................................71

7.8 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients......................................................................................................73

7.9 Diagnostics...................................................................................................................................................................74

7.10 Returning Video Information ....................................................................................................................................76

7.11 Temperature Measurement.......................................................................................................................................78

7.12 Voltage Measurement................................................................................................................................................78

7.13 Camera Frequency Measurement..............................................................................................................................78

7.14 Returning the LED Status..........................................................................................................................................79

7.15 Returning Camera Settings .......................................................................................................................................79

7.16 ASCII Commands: Reference.....................................................................................................................................85

7.17 Error Handling...........................................................................................................................................................92

7.18 Clearing Dark Current ...............................................................................................................................................94

8 Appendix B ________________________________________________________ 103

8.1 Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table.....................................................................................103

8.2 Camera Link Bit Definitions ........................................................................................................................................105

8.3 Camera Link Configuration Tables..............................................................................................................................105

9 Appendix C ________________________________________________________ 109

9.1 EMC Declaration of Conformity ...................................................................................................................................109

10 Appendix D ________________________________________________________ 111

10.1 Revision History.........................................................................................................................................................111

11 Index ____________________________________________________________ 113

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 5

1 Introduction to the

Spyder 3 CL Camera

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

• Broadband responsivity up to 408±16DN(nJ/cm

• 1024 or 2048 pixels, 14µm x 14µm pixel pitch, 100% fill factor

• Up to 68kHz line rates

• Dynamic range up to 1400:1

• Data transmission exceeding 10m

• ±50µm x, y sensor alignment

• Base Camera Link configuration (8 or 12 bit data on 1 or 2 taps depending on camera

model)

• RoHS and CE compliant.

Programmability

• Serial interface (ASCII, 9600 baud, adjustable to 19200, 57600, 115200), through

Camera Link™.

• Mirroring and forward/reverse control.

• Programmable gain, offset, exposure time and line rate, trigger mode, test pattern

output, and camera diagnostics.

• Tall pixel, high sensitivity, or low sensitivity mode available.

) @10dB gain

• Flat-field correction—minimizes lens vignetting, non-uniform lighting, and sensor

FPN and PRNU.

Description

The Spyder 3 CL is also DALSA’s first dual line scan camera. When operating in high sensitivity (dual line scan) mode, the Spyder 3 CL camera has 3x the responsivity of a DALSA’s Spyder2 line scan camera.

Applications

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The Spyder 3 CL camera is ideal for:

• FPD inspection

• Pick and place

• Container inspection

• Wood/tile/steel inspection

• 100% print inspection (lottery tickets, stamps, bank notes, paychecks)

• Postal sorting

• Glass bottle inspection

• Industrial metrology

• Food inspection

• Web inspection

Models

The Spyder 3 CL camera is available in these models.

Table 1: Spyder 3 CL Camera Models Overview

Model Number Description

S3-20-01K40-

1k resolution, 2 sensor taps. Base Camera Link configuration

00-R

S3-20-02K40-

2k resolution, 2 sensor taps. Base Camera Link configuration

00-R

S3-10-01K40-

1k resolution, 1 sensor tap. Base Camera Link configuration

00-R

S3-10-02K40-

2k resolution, 1 sensor tap. Base Camera Link configuration

00-R

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications

Table 2: Spyder 3 CL Camera Performance Specifications

Feature / Specification Units 1k 2k Notes

Imager Format dual line scan dual line scan

Resolution pixels 1024 2048

Pixel Fill Factor % 100 100

Pixel Size µm 14x14 14x14

Sensitivity Mode High, low, or

tall pixel

Antiblooming 100x 100x

Gain Range dB ±10 ±10

High, low, or tall pixel

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y z 0z

Feature / Specification Units 1k 2k Notes

Optical Interface Units Notes

Back Focal Distance

M42x1

Sensor Alignment

µm µm mm °

6.56±0.25

±50 ±50 ±0.25 ±0.2

Lens mount adapters are available. Contact Sales for more information.

Mechanical Interface Units Notes

Camera Size mm 72(h) x 60(l) x 50(w)

Mass g <300

Connectors

power connector

data connector

6 pin male Hirose MDR26 female

Electrical Interface Units Notes

Input Voltage Volts +12 to +15

Power Dissipation W <5

Operating Temperature °C 0 to 50

Bit Width Bits 8 or 12 bit user selectable

Output Data Configuration Base

Camera Link

Speed 1k 2k Notes

Maximum Line Rate 2 tap model 68 36 80 MHz

1 tap model 36 18.5 40 MHz

Operating Specifications (12 bit values, Flat Field Correction enabled)

-10dB 0dB +10dB Specification Unit

Broadband Responsivity (dual line)

Broadband Responsivity (single line)

Random Noise rms DN 8 19.2 24 60 76.8

Dynamic Range (Dual Line)

Dynamic Range (Single Line)

FPN Global

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DN/nJ/cm

ratio 500:1 1400:1 203:1 324:1 59:1 108:1

Min

38.8 40.8 42.8 124 129 134 392 408 424

20.4 62 204

Typ

Max

Min

Typ

Max

Min

Typ

Max

Notes

8 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Operating Specifications (12 bit values, Flat Field Correction enabled)

-10dB 0dB +10dB Specification Unit

Min

Uncorrected

Corrected

PRNU ECD

Uncorrected Local

Uncorrected Global

Corrected Local

Corrected Global

PRNU ECE

Uncorrected Local

Uncorrected Global

Corrected Local

Corrected Global

SEE (calculated) Dual line Single line

NEE (calculated) Dual line Single line

Sat. Output Amplitude

DC Offset DN 96 160 336

DN DN

% % DN p-p DN p-p

nJ/cm2

pJ/cm

DN 3968±80

52.8

6.75

13.5

13.6

27.2

Typ

Max

8.5%

10% 80 80

8.5% 10% 80 80

Min

2.14

4.29

10.3

20.8

Typ

Max

169.6 32

8.5% 10% 80 80

12% 12% 208 208

Min

Typ

536

0.68

1.35

10.2

20.4

Max

Notes

8.5%

1 10% 95 95

37% 37% 752 752

Test conditions unless otherwise noted:

• CCD Pixel Rate: 40 Megapixels/second per sensor tap

• Line Rate: 5000 Hz

• Nominal Gain setting unless otherwise specified

• Light Source: Broadband Quartz Halogen, 3250k, with 750 nm highpass filter

installed

• Ambient test temperature 25 °C

• Unless specified, all values are referenced at 12 bit

• Exposure mode disabled.

• Unless specified, dual line mode.

Notes

1. PRNU measured at 50% SAT.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 9

1.3 Image Sensor

The camera uses DALSA’s dual line scan sensor. The camera can be configured to read out in either high or low sensitivity mode, tall pixel mode, and forward or reverse shift direction.

Figure 1: 2 Tap Sensor Block Diagram

CCDReadou tShiftRe g ist er

Pixels(14μmx14μm)

N N

Pixels(14μmx14μm)

CCDReadout ShiftReg ist er

=1024,2048

Pixel1,1

Figure 2: 1 Tap Sensor Block Diagram

CCDReadou tShiftRe g ist er

Tap2Tap1

Tap 1

Pixels(14μmx14μm)

N N

Pixels(14μmx14μm)

CCDReadout ShiftReg ister

=1024,2048

Pixel1,1

Sensitivity Mode and Pixel Readout

The camera has the option to operate in either high sensitivity or low sensitivity mode or in tall pixel mode. When in high sensitivity mode, the camera uses both line scan sensors and its responsivity increases accordingly. When in low sensitivity mode, the camera uses the bottom sensor. When operating in tall pixel mode, the camera operates using both sensors, creating a 28µm x 14µm pixel. The sensitivity mode is software controlled through the ASCII command ssm.

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10 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Figure 3: High Sensitivity Mode

Pixel Detail

14μm

4 1

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

Sensor2(14μmx14μm) Sensor1(14μmx14μm)

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

In high sensitivity mode, the camera uses a 14μmx14μm pixel and captures the same image twice, creating a brighter image.

Figure 4: Low Sensitivity Mode

Pixel DetailPixel Detail

14μm

4 1

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

Sensor2(14μmx14μm) Sensor1(14μmx14μm)

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

In low sensitivity mode, the camera uses a 14μmx14μm pixel and captures the image using one sensor (Sensor 1).

Figure 5: Tall Pixel Mode

Pixel Detail

14μm

8 2

In tall pi xel mode, the camera uses a 28μmx14μm pixel and captures an image two times taller than in high or low sensitivity mode, creating a taller image.

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CCDReadoutShiftRegister

Sensor1and2(28μmx14μm)

CCDReadoutShiftRegister

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 11

Sensor Shift Direction

When in high sensitivity mode, you can select either forward or reverse CCD shift direction. This accommodates object direction change on a web and allows you to mount the camera “upside down”.

Figure 6: Object Movement and Camera Direction Example using an Inverting Lens

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12 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

1.4 Responsivity

Figure 7: Spyder 3 CL Responsivity

1.5 Derating Curves

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 13

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14 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 15

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16 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 17

2 Setting Up the Camera

2.1 Installation Overview

When installing your camera, you should take these steps:

This installation overview assumes you have not installed any system components yet.

1. Power down all equipment.

2. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, install the framegrabber (if applicable). Be sure to observe all static precautions.

3. Install any necessary imaging software.

4. Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies. Ensure that all the correct voltages are present at the camera end of the power cable. Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section

5. Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged.

6. Connect Camera Link and power cables.

7. After connecting cables, apply power to the camera.

8. Check the diagnostic LED. See below for an LED description.

2.3 Power Connector.

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED

The camera uses:

• A diagnostic LED for monitoring the camera. See below for details.

• High-density 26-pin MDR26 connector for Camera Link control signals, data signals,

and serial communications. See below for details.

• One 6-pin Hirose connector for power. Refer to the section below for details.

• Camera link connector

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18 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Figure 8: Spyder 3 CL Input and Output Connectors

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera. Incorrect voltages may damage the camera. See section 2.4 for more details.

2.3 Power Connector

Figure 9: Hirose 6-pin Circular Male—Power Connector

H irose 6-pin Circular Male

Mating Part: HIRO SE

HR10A-7P-6S

Table 3: Hirose Pin Description

Pin Description Pin Description

1 Min +12 to Max +15V 4 GND

2 Min +12 to Max +15V 5 GND

3 Min +12 to Max +15V 6 GND

The camera requires a single voltage input (+12 to +15V). The camera meets all performance specifications using standard switching power supplies, although wellregulated linear supplies provide optimum performance.

WARNING: When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:

• Apply the appropriate voltages

• Protect the camera with a

• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.

• Use high-quality

linear supplies to minimize noise.

Note: Camera performance specifications are not guaranteed if your power supply does not meet these requirements.

DALSA offers a power supply with attached 6’ power cable that meets the Spyder 3 CL camera’s requirements, but it should not be considered the only choice. Many high quality supplies are available from other vendors. Visit the www.dalsa.com/mv Web site for a list of companies that make power supplies that meet the camera’s requirements. The companies listed should not be considered the only choices.

fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 19

2.4 Camera LED

The camera is equipped with a red/green LED used to display the operational status of the camera. The table below summarizes the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states.

When more than one condition is active, the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority. Error and warning states are accompanied by corresponding messages further describing the current camera status.

Table 4: Diagnostic LED

Priority Color of Status LED Meaning

1 Flashing Red Fatal Error. For example, camera temperature is too

high and camera thermal shutdown has occurred.

2 Flashing Green Camera initialization or executing a long command

(e.g., flat field correction commands ccp or ccf)

3 Solid Green Camera is operational and functioning correctly

2.5 Camera Link Data Connector

Figure 10: Camera Link MDR26 Connector

MDR26 Female

Mating Part

Cable:

The Camera Link interface is implemented as a Medium or Full Configuration in the Spyder 3 cameras. Refer to section the Camera Link configuration.

Table 5: Camera Link Hardware Configuration Summary for Piranha HS-xx Models

Configuration 8 Bit Ports

Base A, B, C 28 1 1 The various

3M 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC

: 3 M 334-31 series

Supported

Setting the Camera Link Mode for details on setting

Serializer Bit Width

**3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable.

Number of Chips

Number of MDR26 Connectors

Applicable Camera Models

models

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20 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Table 6: Camera Link Connector Pinout

Base Configuration

One Channel Link Chip + Camera

Control + Serial Communication

Camera

Connector

Right Angle Frame

Channel Link Signal

Grabber

1 1 inner shield

14 14 inner shield

2 25 X0-

15 12 X0+

3 24 X1-

16 11 X1+

4 23 X2-

17 10 X2+

5 22 Xclk-

18 9 Xclk+

6 21 X3-

19 8 X3+

7 20 SerTC+

20 7 SerTC-

8 19 SerTFG-

21 6 SerTFG+

9 18 CC1-

22 5 CC1+

10 17 CC2+

23 4 CC2-

11 16 CC3-

24 3 CC3+

12 15 CC4+

25 2 CC4-

13 13 inner shield

26 26 inner shield

Notes:

*Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends. **3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable. Inner shield is connected to signal ground inside camera

Table 7: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

Signal Configuration

CC1 EXSYNC

CC2 Spare

CC3 Forward

CC4 Spare

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 21

See Appendix B for the complete DALSA Camera Link configuration table, and refer to the DALSA Web site,

www.dalsa.com/mv, for the official Camera Link documents.

Input Signals, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link MDR26F connector.

The camera ships in internal sync, internal programmed integration (exposure mode 7) TDI Mode.

EXSYNC (Triggers Frame Readout)

Frame rate can be set internally using the serial interface. The external control signal EXSYNC is optional and enabled through the serial interface. This camera uses the falling edge of EXSYNC to trigger pixel readout. Section

Setting the Camera Link Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s Camera Link configuration, number of Camera

Link taps and data bit depth. Refer to the tables on the previous pages to determine which configurations are valid for your camera model and how this command relates to other camera configuration commands.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

Notes:

Related Commands

clm m m

0: Base configuration, 1 taps, 8 bit output 1: Base configuration, 1 taps, 12 bit output 2: Base configuration, 2 taps, 8 bit output 3: : Base configuration, 2 taps, 12 bit output

• To obtain the current Camera Link mode, use the command

17Hgcp or 18Hget clm.

• The bit patterns are defined by the DALSA Camera Link

Roadmap available at 19Hwww.dalsa.com/mv.

Example:

7.3 Exposure Mode, Line Rate for details on how to set frame times, exposure times, and

camera modes.

Direction Control

You control the CCD shift direction through the serial interface. With the software command, via the Camera Link control signal on CC3. Refer to section Direction (Mirroring Mode) for details.

Output Signals, Camera Link

These signals indicate when data is valid, allowing you to clock the data from the camera to your acquisition system. These signals are part of the Camera Link configuration and

DALSA 03-032-20008-00

clm 0

scd, you determine whether the direction control is set via software control or

Setting the Pixel Readout

22 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

you should refer to the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map, available at

www.dalsa.com/mv, for the standard location of these signals.

Clocking Signal Indicates

LVAL (high) Outputting valid line

DVAL (high) Valid data (unused, tied high)

STROBE (rising edge) Valid data

FVAL (high) Outputting valid frame (unused, tied high)

The camera internally digitizes 12 bits and outputs the 8 MSB or all 12 bits depending on the camera’s Camera Link operating mode.

2.6 Camera Link Video Timing

Figure 11: Spyder 3 Overview Timing Showing Input and Output Relationships

Figure 12: Spyder 3 Fixed (Programmed) Integration Timing with External EXSYNC

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 23

Table 8: Spyder 3 Input and Output

Symbol Definition Min (ns) Max (ns)

twSYNC The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when

not in SMART EXSYNC mode.

twSYNC

(SMART)

The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when in SMART EXSYNC modes to guarantee the photosites are reset.

twSYNC_INT The minimum width of the high pulse when the

“SMART EXSYNC” feature is turned off

twSYNC_INT

(SMART)

Is the integration time when the “SMART EXSYNC” feature is available and turned on. Note that the minimum time is necessary to guarantee proper operation.

tLINE PERIOD (t LP)

The minimum and maximum line times made up of tTransfer, tREADOUT plus tOVERHEAD to meet specifications.

tTransfer The time from the reception of the falling edge of

EXSYNC to the rising edge of LVAL when pretrigger is set to zero. Pretrigger reduces the number of clocks to the rising edge of LVAL but doesn’t change the time to the first valid pixel. If the fixed integration time mode of operation is available and selected then the integration time is added to the specified value.

twFixed Int. Fixed Integration Time mode of operation for variable

exsync frequency.

tREADOUT Is the number of pixels per tap times the readout clock

period..

tOVERHEAD Is the number of pixels that must elapse after the

falling edge of LVAL before the EXSYNC signal can be asserted. This time is used to clamp the internal analog electronics

thPR Applies when the PRIN exposure control feature is

enabled . The PRIN signal must be held a minimum time after the EXSYNC falling edge to avoid losing the integrated charge

twPR_LOW Minimum Low time to assure complete photosite reset 3,000

tPR_SET The nominal time that the photo sites are integrating.

Clock synchronization will lead to integration time jitter, which is shown in the specification as +/values. The user should command times greater than these to ensure proper charge transfer from the photosites. Failure to meet this requirement may result in blooming in the Horizontal Shift Register.

100

3,000

100

3,000

14,700 (1k 2 tap) 27,778 (1k 1 tap) 27,778 (2k 2 tap) 54,054 (2k t tap)

3,725 ±25

800

25,600 (1k 1 tap))

12,800 (1k 2 tap)

25,600 (2k 1 tap)

51,200 (2k 2 tap)

425±25

Not applicable

3,000

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 25

3 Software Interface:

How to Control the Camera

All camera features can be controlled through the serial interface. The camera can also be used without the serial interface after it has been set up correctly. Functions available include:

This chapter outlines the more commonly used commands. See section 7.16 ASCII Commands: Reference for a list of all available commands.

• Controlling basic camera functions such as gain and sync signal source

• Flat field correction

• Mirroring and readout control

• Generating a test pattern for debugging

The serial interface uses a simple ASCII-based protocol and the PC does not require any custom software.

Note: This command set has changes from previous DALSA cameras. Do not assume that

the Piranha HS commands perform similarly to older cameras.

Serial Protocol Defaults

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

• No flow control

• 9.6kbps

• Camera does not echo characters

Command Format

When entering commands, remember that:

• A carriage return <CR> ends each command.

• A space or multiple space characters separate parameters. Tabs or commas are

invalid parameter separators.

• Upper and lowercase characters are accepted

• The backspace key is supported

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26 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

• The camera will answer each command with either <CR><LF> “OK >" or

<CR><LF>"Error xx: Error Message >" or “Warning xx: Warning Message >”. The ">" is used exclusively as the last character sent by the camera.

The following parameter conventions are used in the manual:

•

Example: to return the current camera settings

i = integer value f = real number m = member of a set s = string t = tap id x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

gcp <CR>

Baud Rate

Purpose: Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port. Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200,

Notes: Power-on rate is always 9600 baud.

Example:

sbr m

57600, and 115200.

The rc (reset camera) command will not reset the camera to the power-on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate.

sbr 57600

Select Cable

Purpose: Sets the cable parameters. Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Output compare value. Available values are: 0 to 255.

Notes: In medium configuration, both cables must be the same length.

Example:

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scb i

Only one copy of this setting is saved in the camera (rather than with each setting).

On the

lfs (load factory settings) command the cable length will

be set to the factory default of

The cable parameter is a relative value. Increase the value for longer cables and decrease it for shorter ones. Adjust until test pattern (SVM 1) is clean.

scb 75

100.

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 27

Camera Help Screen

For quick help, the camera can return all available commands and parameters through the serial interface.

There are two different help screens available. One lists all of the available commands to configure camera operation. The other help screen lists all of the commands available for retrieving camera parameters (these are called “get” commands).

To view the help screen listing all of the camera configuration commands, use the command:

Syntax:

To view a help screen listing all of the “get” commands, use the command:

Syntax:

Notes: For more information on the camera’s “get” commands, refer to

The camera configuration command help screen lists all commands available. Parameter ranges displayed are the extreme ranges available. Depending on the current camera operating conditions, you may not be able to obtain these values. If this occurs, values are clipped and the camera returns a warning message.

Some commands may not be available in your current operating mode. The help screen displays NA in this case.

section the Returning Camera Settings section.

3.1 First Power Up Camera Settings

When the camera is powered up for the first time, it operates using the following factory settings:

• High sensitivity mode

• Forward CCD shift direction

• No binning

• Exposure mode 7 (Programmable line rate & max exposure time)

• 5000 Hz line rate

• Readout mode: Off

• Mirroring mode: 0, left to right

• Factory calibrated analog gain and offset

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28 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

3.2 Command Categories

The following diagram categorizes and lists all of the camera’s commands. This chapter is organized by command category.

Figure 13: Command Categories

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 29

3.3 Camera Output Format

How to Configure Camera Output

Using the camera link mode and pixel readout direction commands

Use the camera link mode (clm) command to determine the camera’s Camera Link configuration, the number of output taps, and the bit depth. Use the pixel readout direction (

The following tables summarize the possible camera configurations for each of the S3-xx camera models.

Table 9: S3-X0-01K40 Data Readout Configurations

Camera Link Mode Configuration (Controlled by clm command)

Command Models CCD and Camera

clm 0

smm) command to select the camera’s pixel readout direction.

Readout Direction (Controlled by smm command)

Bit

Link Taps

S3-10-01K40 1 Camera Link taps 8 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-1024)

Depth

smm 0 increment =1

smm 1 increment = -1

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (1024-1)

clm 1

clm 2

clm 3

S3-10-02K40 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-2048)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (2048-1)

S3-10-01K40 1 Camera Link taps 12 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-1024)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (1024-1)

S3-10-02K40 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-2048)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (2048-1)

S3-20-01K40 2 Camera Link taps 8 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-512)

CL tap 2 (513-1024)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (1024-513)

CL tap 2 (512-1)

S3-20-02K40 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-1024)

CL tap 2 (1025-2048)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (2048-1025)

CL tap 2 (1024-1)

S3-20-01K40 2 Camera Link taps 12 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-512)

CL tap 2 (513-1024)

smm 1 = CL tap 1 (1024-513)

CL tap 2 (512-1)

S3-20-02K40 smm 0 = CL tap 1 (1-1024)

CL tap 2 (1025-2048)

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smm 1 = CL tap 1 (2048-1025)

CL tap 2 (1024-1)

30 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting the Camera Link Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s Camera Link configuration, the number of Camera

Link taps, and the data bit depth. Refer to the tables on the previous page to determine which configurations are valid for your camera model and how this command relates to other camera configuration commands.

Syntax:

clm m

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

Notes:

Example:

0: 1 taps, 8 bit output 1: 1 taps, 12 bit output

2: 2 taps, 8 bit output 3: 2 taps, 12 bit output

• To obtain the current Camera Link mode, use the command

gcp or get clm.

• The bit patterns are defined by the DALSA Camera Link

Roadmap, available from www.dalsa.com/mv.

clm 1

Setting the Pixel Readout Direction (Mirroring Mode)

Purpose: Sets the tap readout from left to right or from right to left. This

command is especially useful if the camera must be mounted upside down.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Readout direction. Allowable values are:

Notes:

Example:

smm i i

0 = All pixels are read out from left to right. 1 = All pixels are read out from right to left.

• To obtain the current readout direction, use the command

or get smm.

• This command is available in both TDI and Area Mode.

• Refer to the following figures and tables for an explanation of

pixel readout and mirror direction.

• Refer to section

diagrams that illustrate the sensor readout direction.

smm 1

1.3 Image Sensor for the sensor architecture

gcp

Figure 14: Left to Right Readout (smm 0) Forward Direction Example Output

Figure 15: Right to Left Readout (smm 1) Forward Direction Example Output

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 31

Figure 16: Camera Pixel Readout Direction Example using 4k Model with Inverting Lens

Table 10: S3-10-01K40 Forward or Reverse Pixel Readout

Camera Link Readout

Tap 1

Direction

Left to Right Software command smm 0

Right to Left Software command smm 1

1-1024

1024-1

Table 11: S3-20-01K40 Forward or Reverse Pixel Readout

Camera Link Readout

Tap 1 Tap 2

Direction

Left to Right Software command smm 0

Right to Left Software command smm 1

1-512 513-1024

1024-513 512-1

Table 12: S3-10-02K40 Forward or Reverse Pixel Readout

Camera Link Readout

Tap 1

Direction

Left to Right Software command smm 0

Right to Left Software command smm 1

1-2048

2048-1

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32 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Table 13: S3-20-02K40 Forward or Reverse Pixel Readout

Camera Link Readout

Tap 1 Tap 2

Direction

Left to Right Software command smm 0

Right to Left Software command smm 1

1-1024 1025-2048

2048-1025 1024-1

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 33

4 Optical, Mechanical,

and Electrical Considerations

4.1 Mechanical Interface

Figure 17: Spyder 3 CL Camera Mechanical Dimensions

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34 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Figure 18: Spyder 3 CL Heatsink Mechanical Dimensions

48.0

27.0

5.0 (2X)

14.0

3.2 THRU (2X)

4.2 Optical Interface

Illumination

The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend on the particular application. Factors include the nature, speed, and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged, exposure times, light source characteristics, environmental and acquisition system specifics, and more. DALSA’s Web sitewww.dalsa.com/mv, provides an introduction to this potentially complicated issue. See “Radiometry and Photo Responsivity” and "Sensitivities in Photometric Units" in the CCD Technology Primer found under the Application Support link.

2.0

60.032.0

8.0

18.5

2.0 (7X)

29.0

39.5

50.0

It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination. The total amount of energy (which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor) is more important than the rate at which it arrives. For example, 5μJ/cm exposing 5mW/cm

for 1ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5W/cm2 for 1μs.

can be achieved by

Light Sources

Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source:

• LED light sources are relatively inexpensive, provide a uniform field, and longer life

span compared to other light sources. However, they also require a camera with excellent sensitivity, such as the Spyder 3 CL camera.

• Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to infrared light (IR).

• Fiber-optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR.

• Some light sources age; over their life span they produce less light. This aging may

not be uniform—a light source may produce progressively less light in some areas of the spectrum but not others.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 35

Filters

CCD cameras are extremely responsive to infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. To prevent infrared from distorting the images you scan, use a “hot mirror” or IR cutoff filter that transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 750nm. Examples are the Schneider Optics™ B+W 489, which includes a mounting ring, the CORION™ LS750, which does not include a mounting ring, and the CORION™ HR-750 series hot mirror.

Lens Modeling

Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary points: the first and second principal points and the second focal point. The primary points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens manufacturer. Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens. That is, h is the object height and h

The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus. The effective focal length (f second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first principal point to the object.

′

is the image height.

′

) is the distance from the second principal point to the

Figure 19: Primary Points in a Lens System

Magnification and Resolution

The magnification of a lens is the ratio of the image size to the object size:

′

By similar triangles, the magnification is alternatively given by:

′

where m is the magnification, h’ is the image height (pixel size) and h is the object height (desired object resolution size).

These equations can be combined to give their most useful form:

′

hfOD

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This is the governing equation for many object and image plane parameters.

36 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Example: An acquisition system has a 512 x 512 element, 10m pixel pitch area scan camera, a lens with an effective focal length of 45mm, and requires that 100μm in the object space correspond to each pixel in the image sensor. Using the preceding equation, the object distance must be 450mm (0.450m).

100

μμm

mmmOD

450 0 450

OD mm m==(. )

4.3 Electrical Interface

The Spyder 3 CL cameras have been designed for EMC compliance. The test setup has been verified to the following EMC standards:

• CISPR-11:2004

• EN 55011:2003

• EN 61326:2002

To achieve EMC compliance, follow these specific guidelines:

• Ensure that all cable shields have 360° electrical connection to the connector.

• Fasten and secure all connectors.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 37

5 CCD Handling

Instructions

5.1 Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor

Cameras contain charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors, which are metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices and are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Electrostatic charge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce charge buildup on the underside of the window that cannot be readily dissipated by the dry nitrogen gas in the sensor package cavity. When charge buildup occurs, surface-gated photodiodes (SGPDs) may exhibit higher image lag. Some SGPD sensors, such as the IL-P4 and the ITP4 used in the Spyder 3 CL cameras, may also exhibit a highly non-uniform response when affected by charge buildup, with some pixels displaying a much higher response when the sensor is exposed to uniform illumination. The charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor returns to normal operation.

WARNING:

erroneous calibration, ensure that you perform flat-field correction only after a charge buildup has dissipated over 24 hours.

Charge buildup will affect the camera’s flat-field correction calibration. To avoid an

5.2 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches

The CCD window is part of the optical path and should be handled like other optical components, with extreme care.

Dust can obscure pixels, producing dark patches on the sensor response. Dust is most visible when the illumination is collimated. The dark patches shift position as the angle of illumination changes. Dust is normally not visible when the sensor is positioned at the exit port of an integrating sphere, where the illumination is diffuse.

Dust can normally be removed by blowing the window surface using a compressed air blower, unless the dust particles are being held by an electrostatic charge, in which case either an ionized air blower or wet cleaning is necessary.

Oil is usually introduced during handling. Touching the surface of the window barehanded will leave oily residues. Using rubber fingercots and rubber gloves can prevent oil contamination. However, the friction between the rubber and the window may produce electrostatic charge that may damage the sensor. To avoid ESD damage and to avoid introducing oily residues, only hold the sensor from the edges of the ceramic package and avoid touching the sensor pins and the window.

Scratches can be caused by improper handling, cleaning or storage of the sensor. Vacuum picking tools should not come in contact with the window surface. CCDs should not be

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38 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

stored in containers where they are not properly secured and can slide against the container.

Scratches diffract incident illumination. When exposed to uniform illumination, a sensor with a scratched window will normally have brighter pixels adjacent to darker pixels. The location of these pixels changes with the angle of illumination.

5.3 Cleaning the Sensor Window

1. Use compressed air to blow off loose particles. This step alone is usually sufficient to

clean the sensor window.

2. If further cleaning is required, use a lens wiper moistened with alcohol or acetone.

3. We recommend using lint-free ESD-safe cloth wipers that do not contain particles that

can scratch the window. The Anticon Gold 9”x 9” wiper made by Milliken is both ESD safe and suitable for class 100 environments. Another ESD acceptable wiper is the TX4025 from Texwipe.

4. An alternative to ESD-safe cloth wipers is Transplex swabs that have desirable ESD

properties. There are several varieties available from Texwipe. Do not use regular cotton swabs, since these can introduce charge to the window surface.

5. Wipe the window carefully and slowly.

6. When cleaning long linear sensors, it may be easier to wipe along the width (i.e. as

opposed to the length) of the sensor.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 39

6 Troubleshooting

6.1 Troubleshooting

The information in this chapter can help you solve problems that may occur during the setup of your camera. Remember that the camera is part of the entire acquisition system. You may have to troubleshoot any or all of the following:

• power supplies • cabling

• software • host computer

• light sources • optics

• operating environment • encoder

LED

When the camera is first powered up, the LED will glow on the back of the camera. Refer to section 2.3 for information on the LED.

Connections

The first step in troubleshooting is to verify that your camera has all the correct connections.

Cable Length/Type

Use the scb command to select the correct cable parameter for the cable length.

Equipment Requirements

Ensure that you are using compatible equipment.

Power Supply Voltages

Check for the presence of all voltages at the camera power connector. Verify that all grounds are connected. Verify input voltage with the camera’s ‘vv’ serial command.

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40 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

EXSYNC

When the camera is received from the factory, it defaults (no external input required) to exposure mode 7 (5000 Hz line rate, internal Sync to trigger readout). After a user has saved settings, the camera powers up with the saved settings.

If you change to an exposure mode that requires an external sync, ensure that you properly providing an external sync

Camera Operation and Test Patterns

Have the camera send out a test pattern and verify it is being properly received.

Communications

To quickly verify serial communications send the help command. The h command returns the online help menu. If further problems persist, review Appendix C for more information on communications.

Verify Parameters

To verify the camera parameters, send the gcp command. A complete explanation of the camera parameters screen follows.

Verify Factory Calibrated Settings

To restore the camera’s factory settings and disable the FPN and PRNU coefficients, send the

rfs command.

After executing this command send the

gcp command to verify the factory settings.

Verify Timing and Digital Video Path

Use the test pattern feature to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber and verify the proper output along the digital processing chain. See below.

Generating Test Patterns

The camera can generate a test pattern to aid in system debugging. Use the command

svm 1 to activate the test pattern. The test pattern is a ramp from 0 to 255DN, then starts

at 0 again. Use the test pattern to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber.

• No test pattern or bad test pattern— May indicate a problem with the camera (e.g.

missing bit) or a system setup problem (e.g. frame grabber or timing). Verify the presence of the LVAL and STROBE signals.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 41

• Test pattern successful— Run the svm 0 command to activate video. Then run the

gl command under both dark and light conditions to retrieve a line of raw video (no

digital processing). Under dark conditions, with factory settings, the analog offset value should be within the specified range (refer to the user specifications). Adjust the analog offset using the receive a value.

sao command. Under light conditions, you should

Verify Voltage

Use the vv command to display the camera's input voltage.

Verify Temperature

To check the internal temperature of the camera, use the vt command. For proper operation, this value should not exceed 75°C.

Note: If the camera reaches 75°C, the camera will shutdown and the LED will flash red.

If this occurs, the camera must be rebooted using the command, down manually. You will have to correct the temperature problem or the camera will shutdown again. If you enter any command other than with:

vt or rc, the camera responds

rc or can be powered

Error 09: The camera's temperature exceeds the specified operating range>

Verify Pixel Coefficients

Use the dpc command to display the pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU… The camera also returns the pixel number for each fifth pixel.

End-of-line Sequence

To further aid debugging, the camera can generate an end-of-line sequence. The end-ofline-sequence outputs "aa", "55", "line counter", "line average", "pixels above threshold", "pixels below threshold". To activate the end-of-line sequence, use the command To disable the end-of-line sequence, use the command

Use the modes, or 0 to 4096 for 12 bit data modes.

sut and slt commands to set threshold values between 0 and 255 for 8 bit data

6.2 Specific Solutions

els 1.

els 0.

No Output or Erratic Behavior

If your camera provides no output or behaves erratically, it may be picking up random noise from long cables acting as antennae. Do not attach wires to unused pins. Verify that the camera is not receiving spurious inputs (e.g. EXSYNC if camera is in exposure mode that requires external signals).

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42 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Line Rate

Verify that the frequency of the internal sync is set correctly, or when the camera is set to external sync that the EXSYNC signal supplied to the camera does not exceed the camera’s useable Line rate under the current operating conditions.

Noisy Output

Check your power supply voltage outputs for noise. Noise present on these lines can result in poor video quality.

Dark Patches

If dark patches appear in your output the optics path may have become contaminated. Clean your lenses and sensor windows with extreme care.

1. Take standard ESD precautions.

2. Wear latex gloves or finger cots

3. Blow off dust using a filtered blow bottle or dry, filtered compressed air.

4. Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissue (approx. 3" x 5") to make a square pad that

5. is approximately one finger-width

6. Moisten the pad on one edge with 2-3 drops of clean solvent—either alcohol or

acetone. Do not saturate the entire pad with solvent.

7. Wipe across the length of the window in one direction with the moistened end first,

followed by the rest of the pad. The dry part of the pad should follow the moistened end. The goal is to prevent solvent from evaporating from the window surface, as this will end up leaving residue and streaking behind.

8. Repeat steps 2-4 using a clean tissue until the entire window has been cleaned.

9. Blow off any adhering fibers or particles using dry, filtered compressed air.

Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Image

A faulty or irregular encoder signal may result in horizontal lines due to exposure time fluctuations; ensure that your exposure time is regular. If you have verified that your exposure time is consistent and patterns of low frequency intensity variations still occur, ensure that you are using a DC or high frequency light source.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 43

6.3 Product Support

If there is a problem with your camera, collect the following data about your application and situation and call your DALSA representative.

Note: You may also want to photocopy this page to fax to DALSA.

Customer name

Organization name

Customer phone number fax number email

Complete Product Model Number

(e.g. S3-10-01k40...)

Complete Serial Number

Your DALSA Agent or Dealer

Acquisition System hardware (frame grabber, host computer, light sources, etc.)

Power supply setting and current draw

Pixel rate used

Control signals used in your application, and their frequency or state (if applicable)

Results when you run an error report

Detailed description of problem encountered.

In addition to your local DALSA representative, you may need to call DALSA Technical Sales Support:

 EXSYNC  BIN  LVDS/TTL  Other _______

please attach text received from the camera after initiating an error report

please attach description with as much detail as appropriate

North America Europe Asia

Voice:

Fax:

Email:

DALSA 03-032-20008-00

519-886-6000 +49-8142-46770 519-886-6000

519-886-8023 +49-8142-467746 519-886-8023

support@dalsa.com support@dalsa.com support@dalsa.com

44 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 45

7 Appendix A

7.1 Spyder 3 Camera Link ASCII Commands

Serial Protocol Defaults

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

• No flow control

• 9.6kbps

• Camera does not echo characters

Command Format

When entering commands, remember that:

• A carriage return <CR> ends each command.

• The camera will answer each command with either <CR><LF> “OK >" or

<CR><LF>"Error xx: Error Message >" or “Warning xx: Warning Message”. The ">" is always the last character sent by the camera.

The following parameter conventions are used in the manual:

•

Example: to return the current camera settings

i = integer value f = real number m = member of a set s = string t = tap id x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

gcp <CR>

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46 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting Baud Rate

Purpose: Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port. Syntax:

sbr m

Syntax Elements: Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200,

Notes:

Example:

57600, and 115200.

Power-on rate is always 9600 baud.

•

The rc (reset camera) command will not reset the camera to

•

the power-on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate.

sbr 57600

Select Cable

Purpose: Sets the cable parameters. Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Output compare value. Available values are: 0 to 255. Notes:

Example:

scb i

In medium configuration, both cables must be the same length.

•

Only one copy of this setting is saved in the camera (rather than

•

with each setting).

•

On the lfs (load factory settings) command the cable length will

be set to the factory default of 100.

•

The cable parameter is a relational value. Increase the value for

longer cables, and decrease it for shorter ones.

•

Adjust the value until the test pattern (svm 1) is clean.

scb 75

Cable Length/Type

Use the scb command to select the correct cable parameter for the cable length.

select cable scb i Sets the cable parameter. Increase this value

for longer cables and decrease the value for shorter cables.

get scb Returns cable parameter.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 47

Camera ASCII Command Help

For quick help, the camera can return all available commands and parameters through the serial interface.

To view the help screen listing all of the camera configuration commands, use the command:

Syntax:

To view a help screen listing all of the “get” commands, use the command:

Syntax:

Notes: For more information on the camera’s “get” commands, refer to

Some commands may not be available in your current operating mode. The help screen displays NA in this case.

section

7.15 Returning Camera Settings.

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48 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Example ASCII Command Help Screen (1k 2 Tap Model)

ccf correction calibrate fpn

Parameters i = integer f = floating point number m = member of a set s = string t = tap x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

ccg calibrate camera gain iti 1-4:0-2:1024-4055 ccp correction calibrate prnu clm camera link mode m 0/1 or 2/3 depends on model cpa calibrate PRNU algorithm ii 1-3:1024-4055 css correction set sample m 256/512/1024/ dpc display pixel coeffs xx 1-1024:1-1024 els end of line sequence i 0-1 epc enable pixel coefficients ii 0-1:0-1 gcm get camera model gcp get camera parameters gcs get camera serial gcv get camera version gem get exposure mode get get values s gfc get fpn coeff x 1-1024 gh get help gl get line xx 1-1024:1-1024 gla get line average xx 1-1024:1-1024 gpc get prnu coeff x 1-1024 gsf get signal frequency i 1-3 gsl get status led h help lpc load pixel coefficients i 0-4 rc reset camera rfs restore factory settings roi region of interest xyxy 1-1024:1-1:1-1024:1-1 rpc reset pixel coeffs rus restore user settings sag set analog gain tf 0-2:-10.0-+10.0 sao set analog offset ti 0-2:0-255 sbh set binning horizontal m 1/2/ sbr set baud rate m 9600/19200/57600/115200/ scb set cable parameters i 0-255 scd set ccd direction i 0-2 sdo set digital offset ti 0-2:0-2048 sem set exposure mode m 2/3/4/5/6/7/8/ set set exposure time f 3-1000 sfc set fpn coeff xi 1-1024:0-2047 slt set lower threshold i 0-2047 smm set mirror mode i 0-1 spc set prnu coeff xi 1-1024:0-28671 srm set readout mode i 0-2 ssb set subtract background ti 0-2:0-2047 ssf set sync frequency f 300-68000 ssg set system gain ti 0-2:0-65535 ssm set sensitivity mode i 0-2 sut set upper threshold i 0-4095 svm set video mode i 0-2 ugr update gain reference vt verify temperature vv verify voltage wfc write FPN coefficients i 1-4 wpc write PRNU coefficients i 1-4 wus write user settings

addition of some camera link related commands…

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 49

7.2 Sensor Output Format

Sensitivity Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s sensitivity mode. When using high sensitivity

mode, the camera’s responsivity increases. High sensitivity mode permits much greater scanning speeds in low light, or allows reduced lighting levels.

Syntax:

ssm i

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Sensitivity mode to use.

0 = Low sensitivity mode 1 = High sensitivity mode 2 = Tall pixel mode

To obtain the current sensitivity mode, use the command

•

gcp or get ssm.

The scd (set ccd direction) command is not available in low

•

sensitivity mode or tall pixel mode.

ssm 0

CCD Shift Direction

Purpose: When in high sensitivity mode, selects the forward or reverse

CCD shift direction or external direction control. This accommodates object direction change on a web and allows you to mount the camera “upside down”.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

scd i i

Shift direction. Allowable values are:

0 = Forward CCD shift direction. 1 = Reverse CCD shift direction. 2 = Externally controlled direction control via Camera Link

control CC3 (CC3=1 forward, CC3=0 reverse).

To obtain the current value of the exposure mode, use the

•

command

Available in high sensitivity mode only.

•

Refer to Figure 6: Object Movement and Camera Direction

•

Example using an Inverting Lens for an illustration of when you should use forward or reverse shift direction.

ssm

gcp or get scd.

Example:

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scd 0

50 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting the Camera Link Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s Camera Link configuration, number of Camera

Syntax:

clm m

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

Notes:

Related Commands

Example:

0: Base configuration, 1 taps, 8 bit output 1: Base configuration, 1 taps, 12 bit output 2: Base configuration, 2 taps, 8 bit output 3: : Base configuration, 2 taps, 12 bit output

To obtain the current Camera Link mode, use the command

•

gcp or get clm.

The bit patterns are defined by the DALSA Camera Link

•

Roadmap available at

clm 0

www.dalsa.com/mv.

7.3 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time

Overview

You have a choice of operating in one of seven modes. The camera’s line rate (synchronization) can be generated internally through the software command ssf or set externally with an EXSYNC signal, depending on your mode of operation. To select how you want the camera’s line rate to be generated:

1. You must first set the camera mode using the sem command.

2. Next, if using mode 2, 7 or 8 use the commands ssf and/or set to set the line rate and

exposure time.

Setting the Exposure Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure mode allowing you to control your

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

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sync, exposure time, and line rate generation.

sem i i

Exposure mode to use. Factory setting is 7.

Refer to Table 14: Spyder 3 CL Exposure Modes for a quick

•

list of available modes or to the following sections for a more detailed explanation.

•

To obtain the current value of the exposure mode, use the

command

gcp or get sem.

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 51

Related Commands: ssf, set

Example:

sem 3

Table 14: Spyder 3 CL Exposure Modes

Programmable Line Rate Programmable Exposure Time

Mode SYNC PRIN Description

4 5

6 7

Internal Internal Yes Yes Internal frame rate and exposure time.

Exposure control enabled (ECE).

External Internal No No Maximum exposure time. Exposure

control disabled (ECD).

External Internal No No Smart EXSYNC. ECE.

External External No No External sync, external pixel reset.

ECE.

External Internal No Yes Fixed integration time. ECE.

Internal Internal Yes No Internal line rate, maximum exposure

time. ECD.

Internal Internal No Yes Maximum line rate for exposure time.

ECE.

Note: When setting the camera to external signal modes, EXSYNC and/or PRIN must be supplied.

Exposure Modes in Detail

Mode 2: Internally Programmable Line Rate and Exposure Time (Factory Setting)

Mode 2 operates at a maximum line rate and exposure time.

• When setting the line rate (using the

if necessary, to accommodate the new line rate. The exposure time will always be set to the maximum time (line period – line transfer time – pixel reset time) for that line rate when a new line rate requiring reduced exposure time is entered.

• When setting the exposure time (using the

increased, if necessary, to accommodate the exposure time. Under this condition, the line time will equal the exposure time + line transfer time.

Example 1: Exposure Time less than Line Period

Programmable Period (

Readout

CR Exposure Time

Line Period

Programmable Period (ssf command)

CR=Charge Reset

ssf command), exposure time will be reduced,

set command), line time will be

set command)

Readout

Programmable Period

CR Exposure Time

Line Period

Programmable Period

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52 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Mode 3: External Trigger with Maximum Exposure

Line rate is set by the period of the external trigger pulses. The falling edge of the external trigger marks the beginning of the exposure.

Example 2: Line Rate is set by External Trigger Pulses.

EXSYNC

Mode 4: Smart EXSYNC, External Line Rate and Exposure Time

In this mode, EXSYNC sets both the line period and the exposure time. The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout.

Example 3: Trigger Period is Repetitive and Greater than Read Out Time.

EXSYNC

CR=Charge Reset

Readout

Line Period

Exposure Time

Falling Edge

Ignored During

Readou

Readout

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored during readout

Readout

Exposure Time

Falling Edge

Ignored During

Readout

Line Period

Readout

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored during readout

Mode 5: External Line Rate (EXSYNC) and External Pixel Reset (PRIN)

In this mode, the falling edge of EXSYNC sets the line period and the rising edge of PRIN sets the start of exposure time.

Figure 20: EXSYNC controls Line Period and PRIN controls Exposure Time

Line Period

Readou

EXSYNC

PRIN

cr=Charge Reset

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Line Period

Readou

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 53

Mode 6: External Line Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time

Figure 21: EXSYNC controls Line Period with Internally controlled Exposure Time

EXSYNC

CR=Charge Reset

Mode 7: Internally Programmable Line Rate, Maximum Exposure Time

In this mode, the line rate is set internally with a maximum exposure time.

Figure 22: Mode 7 Camera Timing

Internal Sync set

with Command

Line Period

Programmable Period

set

Using Command

ssf

Readou

Line Period

Exposure Time

Readout

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored during readout

Line Period

Programmable Period

set

Using command

Line Period

Exposure Time

Readout

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored during readout

Readou

Mode 8: Maximum Line Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

In this mode, the exposure time is set internally with a maximum line rate.

Figure 23: Mode 8 Timing

Programmable Perio

Readout

Frame Period

CR=Charge Reset

Exposure Time

Readout

Frame Period

Programmable Period

CR Exposure Time

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54 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting the Line Rate

Applies to Modes 2 and 7

Purpose: Sets the camera’s line rate in Hz. Camera must be operating in

exposure mode 2 or 7.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

ssf f i

Applies to Modes 2 and 8

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

Desired line rate in Hz. Allowable values are: 1k 1 tap:

1k 2 tap:

2k 1 tap:

2k 2 tap:

To read the current line frequency, use the command gcp or

•

get ssf.

If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

•

returned.

sem, set

ssf 10000

300-36000 Hz 300-68000 Hz 300-18500 Hz 300-36000 Hz

Setting the Exposure Time

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure time is µs. Camera must be operating in

mode 2, 6, or 8.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

set f i

Desired exposure time in µs. Allowable range is 3 to 3300µs.*

•

To read the current line frequency, use the command gcp or

get set.

If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

•

returned.

•

*The exposure time range is based on the current line rate. To determine the maximum exposure time allowed for the

•

current line rate, use the command

sem, ssf

get ger.

Example:

Setting the Mirror Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s mirror mode. Set the pixel readout as either left to

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

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set 400.5

right, or right to left.

smm i i

: Pixels readout left to right (1 to 512 or 1024 or 2048).

1: Pixels readout right to left (2048 or 1024 or 512 to 1).

•

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 55

Related Commands:

Example:

smm 1 sgs p i p i

sgs 0 0

Setting the Readout Mode

See also, the Clearing Dark Current section in Appendix A for more information on this mode.

Purpose: Use this command to clear out dark current charge in the vertical

transfer gates immediately before the sensor is read out.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

srm i

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

0: Auto. Clears dark current below ~ 45% of the maximum line

rate.

1: Dark current clear. Always clears dark. Reduces the

maximum line rate.

2: Immediate readout. Does not clear dark current. (Default

mode.)

The vertical transfer gates collect dark current during the line

•

period. This collected current is added to the pixel charge. The middle two red taps have more vertical transfer gates and, therefore, more charge. This additional charge is especially noticeable at slower line rates.

•

If the user is in sem 2 or 7 and srm 2, with ssf at 45% of the

maximum, and then srm 1 is selected, the following warning will be displayed, but the ssf value will not be changed: Warning 09: Internal line rate inconsistent with readout time> The effect in both internal and external line rate modes is that an EXSYNC is skipped and, therefore, the output will be at least twice as bright.

•

This value is saved with the camera settings. This value may be viewed using either the gcp command or

•

the get

srm command.

sem, ssf

srm 0

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56 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

7.4 Data Processing

Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)

Purpose: Sets the pixel range used to collect the end-of-line statistics and

Syntax:

sets the region of pixels used in the commands.

In most applications, the field of view exceeds the required object size and these extraneous areas should be ignored. It is recommended that you set the region of interest a few pixels inside the actual useable image.

roi x1 y1 x2 y2

ccg, gl, gla, ccf, and ccp

Syntax Elements:

Pixel start number. Must be less than the pixel end number in a

Column start number. Since the Spyder 3 CL is a line scan

Pixel end number. Must be greater than the pixel start number

Column end number. Since the Spyder 3 CL is a line scan

Notes:

Related Commands

Example:

range from

camera, this value must be

in a range from

camera, this value must be

To return the current region of interest, use the commands

•

gcp or get roi. ccg, gl, gla, ccf, ccp, cpa, els

roi 10 1 50 1

1 to sensor resolution.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 57

7.5 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain

Processing Chain Overview and Description

The following diagram shows a simplified block diagram of the camera’s analog and digital processing chain. The analog processing chain begins with an analog gain adjustment, followed by an analog offset adjustment. These adjustments are applied to the video analog signal prior to its digitization by an A/D converter.

The digital processing chain contains the FPN correction, the PRNU correction, the background subtract, and the digital gain and offset. All of these elements are user programmable.

Figure 24: Signal Processing Chain

Analog Processing

Optimizing offset performance and gain in the analog domain allows you to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range than you would achieve by trying to optimize the offset in the digital domain. As a result, perform all analog adjustments prior to any digital adjustments.

1. Analog gain (

signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter. For example, in a low light situation the brightest part of the image may be consistently coming in at only 50% of the DN. An analog gain of 6 dB (2x) will ensure full use of the dynamic range of the A/D converter. Of course the noise is also increased.

2. The analog offset (

into the video path to ensure that the A/D is functioning properly. The analog offset should be set so that it is at least 3 times the rms noise value at the current gain.

sag or ccg command) is multiplied by the analog signal to increase the

sao command) or black level is an “artificial” offset introduced

Digital Processing

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58 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

1. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration (calculated using the

subtract away individual pixel dark current.

2. The digital offset (

offset (the analog offset) so that application of the PRNU coefficient doesn’t result in artifacts at low light levels due to the offset value. You may want to set the if you are not using FPN correction but want to perform PRNU correction.

3. Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) coefficients (calculated using the

cpa commands) are used to correct the difference in responsivity of individual pixels

(i.e. given the same amount of light different pixels will charge up at different rates) and the change in light intensity across the image either because of the light source or due to optical aberrations (e.g. there may be more light in the center of the image). PRNU coefficients are multipliers and are defined to be of a value greater than or equal to 1. This ensures that all pixels will saturate together.

4. Background subtract (

used to increase image contrast after FPN and PRNU calibration. It is useful for systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. For example, if you find that your image is consistently between 128 and 255DN(8 bit), you can subtract off 128 ( multiply by 2 (

sdo command) enables the subtraction of the “artificial” A/D

ssb command) and system (digital) gain (ssg command) are

ssg 0 8192) to get an output range from 0 to 255.

ccf command) is used to

sdo value

ccp or

ssb 2048) and then

Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset

All analog signal processing chain commands should be performed prior to FPN and PRNU calibration and prior to digital signal processing commands.

Setting Analog Gain

Purpose: Sets the camera’s analog gain value. Analog gain is multiplied by

the analog signal to increase the signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

Gain value in a range from

Notes:

Example:

Related Commands:

sag t f t

selection.

–10 to +10dB.

To return the current analog gain setting, use the command

•

gcp or get sag.

sag 0 5.2

ccg

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 59

Calibrating Camera Gain

Purpose: Instead of manually setting the analog gain to a specific value, the

camera can determine appropriate gain values. This command calculates and sets the analog gain according to the algorithm determined by the first parameter.

Syntax:

ccg i t i

Syntax Elements:

Calibration algorithm to use.

Tap value. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

Calculation target value in a range from 1024 to 4055DN

Notes:

Example:

1 = This algorithm adjusts analog gain so that 8% to 13% of

tap region of interest (ROI) pixels are above the specified target value.

2 = This algorithm adjusts analog gain so that the average

pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target value.

3 = This algorithm adjusts digital gain so that the average

pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target.

4 = This algorithm adjusts the analog gain so that the peak

tap ROI pixels are adjusted to the specified target.

selection if you are using the two tap model.

(12 bit LSB).

•

This function requires constant light input while executing. If very few tap pixels are within the ROI, gain calculation

•

may not be optimal.

•

When all taps are selected, taps outside of the ROI are set to

the average gain of the taps that are within the ROI.

•

Perform analog gain algorithms before performing FPN and

PRNU calibration.

•

All digital settings affect the analog gain calibration. If you

do not want the digital processing to have any effect on the

camera gain calibration, then turn off all digital settings by

sending the commands:

ssg 0 4096

ccg 2 0 3040

sdo 0 0, epc 0 0, ssb 0 0, and

Related Commands:

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sag, ssg

60 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting Analog Offset

Purpose: Sets the analog offset. The analog offset should be set so that it is

at least 3 times the rms noise value at the current gain. DALSA configures the analog offset for the noise at the maximum specified gain and as a result you should not need to adjust the analog offset.

Syntax:

sao t i

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

Offset value in a range from

Notes:

Example:

Related Commands:

selection if you are using the two tap model.

0 to 255DN (12 bit LSB).

To return the current analog offset value, use the command

•

gcp or get sao.

sao 2 35

To update the analog gain reference:

Purpose: Sets the current analog gain setting to be the 0dB point. This is

useful after tap gain matching allowing you to change the gain on all taps by the same amount.

Syntax:

ugr

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)

Flat Field Correction Overview

This camera has the ability to calculate correction coefficients in order to remove nonuniformity in the image. This video correction operates on a pixel-by-pixel basis and implements a two point correction for each pixel. This correction can reduce or eliminate image distortion caused by the following factors:

• Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN)

• Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU)

• Lens and light source non-uniformity

Correction is implemented such that for each pixel:

=[(V

output

03-032-20008-00 DALSA

- FPN( pixel ) - digital offset) * PRNU(pixel) – Background Subtract] x System Gain

input

where V

= digital output pixel value

output

= digital input pixel value from the CCD

input

Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 61

PRNU( pixel) = PRNU correction coefficient for this pixel

FPN( pixel ) = FPN correction coefficient for this pixel

Background Subtract = background subtract value

System Gain = digital gain value

The algorithm is performed in two steps. The fixed offset (FPN) is determined first by performing a calibration without any light. This calibration determines exactly how much offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the CCD is not exposed.

The white light calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value (target) for flat, white output. Video output is set slightly above the brightest pixel (depending on offset subtracted).

Flat Field Correction Restrictions

It is important to do the FPN correction first. Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure. We recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change greater than 10°C occurs or if you change the analog gain, integration time, or line rate.

Note: If your illumination or white reference does not extend the full field of view of the camera, the camera will send a warning.

PRNU correction requires a clean, white reference. The quality of this reference is important for proper calibration. White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction. White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing.

For best results, ensure that:

• 50 or 60 Hz ambient light flicker is sufficiently low not to affect camera performance

and calibration results.

•

For best results, the analog gain should be adjusted for the expected operating

conditions and the ratio of the brightest to darkest pixel in a tap should be less than 3 to 1 where:

Brightest Pixel (per tap)

Darkest Pixel (per tap)

•

The camera is capable of operating under a range of 8 to 1, but will clip values larger

than this ratio.

• The brightest pixel should be slightly below the target output.

• When 6.25% of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped, flat

field correction results may be inaccurate.

• Correction results are valid only for the current analog gain and offset values. If you

change these values, it is recommended that you recalculate your coefficients.

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62 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Set up the camera operating environment (i.e. line rate, exposure, offset, gain, etc.)

Set the calibration sample size using

the command css. It is recommended that

you use the default setting.

Set the region of interest to include all of the image’s pixels of importance using the command roi x1 y1 x2 y2. You can use

the default if you want to calibrate all pixels.

Perform FPN calculation

Perform PRNU calculation

1.Stopalllightfromenteringthecamera.(Tip:Coverlenswithalenscap.)

2.Verif ythattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthecommand  or .Iftherearetoomanyzerosintheoutputdata(morethan6.25%

gl gla

ofoutputdatawithintheroi), automatedalgorithm .Iftheaverageofthepixelsistoohighforyour application,reducetheanalogoffsetorgainlevel().

3.Issuethecommand .ThecamerawillrespondwithOK>(ifnoerroroccurs). FPNcalculationautomaticallycalibratesFPN

4.Afterthecalibrationiscomplete,youshouldsavethesesettingstonon‐volatile memorysotheybereusableonreboot.Todoso,issuethecommandsand

wus

 .

5.Toverifyoutput,enabletheFPNcoefficientsusingthecommand .

Youshouldseeclosetozero

PerformPRNUcalculationnexttodeterminethemultiplication factorsrequiredtobringeachpixeltotherequiredvalue(balancetarget)for flat,whiteoutput.

1.Placeawhitereferenceinfrontofthecamera.

2.Verif ythattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthecommand or .Ifthesignallevelistoolow,increaseyourlightlevel,adjusttheanalog

gla

gain()orusetheautomatedalgorithm .

sag ccgi0i

DALSArecommendsa thegain,FPNcoefficientsshouldberecalculated.

3.Issuethecommand .ThecamerawillrespondwithOK>(ifnoerroroccurs).

4.Afterthecalculationiscomplete,youcansavethesesettingstonon‐volatile

memorysotheywill To doso,issuethecommandsand

.Enablethecoefficientsusingthecommand, .

cao0

ccf

ccp

berememberedafterpower‐downanddirectionchange.

increasetheanalogoffset()orusethe

coefficientsanddigitaloffset.

output.

targetvalueofabout80%ofsaturation.Ifyouchange

wpc wus.

epc11

sao

sag

wfc

epc10

Note: All commands listed above are described in detail in the following sections.

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 63

Digital Signal Processing

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

FPN Correction

Performing FPN Correction

Syntax: Performs FPN correction and eliminates FPN noise by subtracting

away individual pixel dark current.

Syntax:

ccf

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

• Perform all analog and digital adjustments before

performing FPN correction.

• Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.

• Refer to

(Flat Field Correction)on page on performing flat field correction.

• To save FPN coefficients after calibration, use the

command. Refer to section and FPN Coefficients for details.

ccp, wfc

ccf

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity

60 for a procedural overview

7.8 Saving and Restoring PRNU

Setting a Pixel’s FPN Coefficient

Purpose: Sets an individual pixel’s FPN coefficient. Syntax

Syntax Elements:

sfc x i x

The pixel number from 1 to sensor pixel count.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 2047 (12 bit LSB).

wfc

Example:

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sfc 10 50

64 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Setting Digital Offset

Purpose: Sets the digital offset. Digital offset is set to zero when you

Syntax:

perform FPN correction ( perform FPN correction, you can partially remove FPN by adjusting the digital offset.

sdo t i

ccf command). If you are unable to

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 2 depending on

Subtracted offset value in a range from

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

camera model, or

FPN Coefficient=

When subtracting a digital value from the digital video

•

signal, the output can no longer reach its maximum unless you apply digital gain using the previous section for details on the

ssg

sdo 0 100

0 for all taps.

0 to 2048 where

i (12 bit LSB Justified)

ssg command. See the

ssg command.

PRNU Correction

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Spyder 3 CL User's Manual 65

Performing PRNU to a user entered value

Purpose: Performs PRNU calibration to user entered value and eliminates the

difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light. Using this command, you must provide a calibration target.

Syntax:

Executing these algorithms causes the (no background subtraction) and the digital gain). The pixel coefficients are disabled ( the algorithm execution but returned to the state they were prior to command execution.

cpa i i

ssb command to be set to 0

ssg command to 4096 (unity

epc 0 0) during

Syntax Elements:

PRNU calibration algorithm to use:

1 = This algorithm first adjusts each tap’s analog gain so that 8-

13% of pixels within a tap are above the value specified in the target value parameter. PRNU calibration then occurs using the peak pixel in the region of interest.

This algorithm is recommended for use only when FPN is negligible and FPN coefficients are set to zero. Since this algorithm adjusts the analog gain, it also affects FPN. If FPN is calibrated prior to running this algorithm, FPN will be observable in dark conditions and an incorrect FPN value will be used during PRNU calibration resulting in incorrect PRNU coefficients.

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target

value as shown below:

Targ et

PRNUCo efficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras. Is is important that the target value (set with the next parameter) is set to be at least equal to the highest pixel across all cameras so that all pixels can reach the highest pixel value during calibration.

3 = This algorithm includes an analog gain adjustment prior to

PRNU calibration. Analog gain is first adjusted so that the peak pixel value in tap’s ROI is within 97 to 99% of the specified target value. It then calculates the PRNU coefficients using the target value as shown below:

(AVGPixelValu e)‐(FPN+value)

sdo

Targ et

PRNUCo efficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras by first adjusting analog gain and then performing PRNU calibration. This algorithm is recommended for use only when FPN is negligible and FPN coefficients are set to zero. Since this algorithm adjusts the analog gain, it also affects FPN. If FPN is calibrated prior to running this algorithm,

(AVGPixelValu e)‐(FPN+value)

sdo

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66 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

FPN will be observable in dark conditions and an incorrect FPN value will be used during PRNU calibration resulting in incorrect PRNU coefficients.

This algorithm is more robust and repeatable than algorithm 1 because it uses an average pixel value rather than a number above target. However, this algorithm is slower.

Notes:

Peak target value in a range from 1024 to 4055DN. The target value must be greater than the current peak output value.

• Perform all analog adjustments before calibrating PRNU.

• This command performs the same function as the

cpp

command but forces you to enter a target value.

• Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU. If you are not

performing FPN calibration then issue the coefficients) command and set the

sdo (set digital offset)

rpc (reset pixel

value so that the output is near zero under dark.

Example:

cpa 1 600

Performing PRNU Correction to a Camera Calculated Value

Purpose: Performs PRNU correction and eliminates the difference in

responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light.

Syntax

Notes:

Related Commands:

ccp

• Perform all analog adjustments before calculating PRNU.

• Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.

• If FPN cannot be calibrated, use the

rpc command to reset

all coefficients to zero, and save them to memory with the

wfc command. You can then adjust the digital offset (sdo

command) to remove some of the FPN.

• Ensure camera is operating at its expected analog gain,

integration time, and temperature.

• Refer to

Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)on page

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-

60 for a

procedural overview on performing flat field correction.

• To save FPN coefficients after calibration, use the

command. Refer to section

7.8 Saving and Restoring

PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

ccf, cpa

wpc

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cpa i i

• Perform all analog adjustments before calibrating PRNU.

• This command performs the same function as the

command but forces you to enter a target value.

• Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU. If you are not

performing FPN calibration then issue the coefficients) command and set the value so that the output is near zero under dark.

• Note: Refer to

Calibrating the Camera to Remove NonUniformity (Flat Field Correction)on page overview on performing flat field correction.

cpa 1 600

Setting a Pixel’s PRNU Coefficient

Purpose: Sets an individual pixel’s PRNU coefficient. Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

spc i i i

The pixel number from 1 to sensor pixel count.

cpp

rpc (reset pixel

sdo (set digital offset)

60 for a procedural

Example:

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 28671 where:

PRNUcoefficient

spc 1024 10000

1+

4096

Subtracting Background

Purpose: Use the background subtract command after performing flat field

correction if you want to improve your image in a low contrast scene. It is useful for systems that process 8 bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. You should try to make your darkest pixel in the scene equal to zero.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 2 depending on

Subtracted value in a range in DN from

ssb t i t

camera model, or

0 for all taps.

0 to 4095.

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68 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example

•

When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal

the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use the command to correct for this where:

ssgval ue=

See the following section for details on the

ssg

ssb 0 25

maxoutputvalue

maxoutputval ue‐ssbvalue

ssg command.

ssg

Setting Digital System Gain

Purpose: Improves signal output swing after a background subtract. When

subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal, using the

ssb command, the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use

this command to correct for this where:

maxoutputvalue

maxoutputval ue‐ssbvalue

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

ssgval ue=

ssg t i t

Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 2, or 0 for all taps.

Related Commands:

Example:

Gain setting. The gain ranges are 0 to 65535. The digital video values are multiplied by this value where:

DigitalGain=

Use this command in conjunction with the

ssb

ssg 1 15

4096

ssb command.

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Returning Calibration Results and Errors

Returning All Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Returns all the current pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU,

Syntax:

FPN, PRNU… for the range specified by also returns the pixel number with every fifth coefficient.

dpc x1 x2

x1 and x2. The camera

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Start pixel to display in a range from 1 to sensor pixel

count

 This function returns all the current pixel coefficients in the

dpc 10 20

End pixel to display in a range from x1 to sensor pixel

count

order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU… The camera also returns the pixel number with each coefficient.

Returning FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Returns a pixel’s FPN coefficient value in DN (12 bit LSB) Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Example:

gfc i i

The pixel number to read in a range from 1 to sensor

pixel count

gfc 10

Returning PRNU Coefficients

Purpose: Returns a pixel’s PRNU coefficient value in DN (12 bit LSB) Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Example:

Enabling and Disabling Pixel Coefficients

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gpc i i

The pixel number to read in a range from 1 to sensor

pixel count

gpc 10

70 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Purpose: Enables and disables FPN and PRNU coefficients.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients.

PRNU coefficients.

Example:

epc i i

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

epc 0 1

7.6 End-of-line Sequence

Purpose: Produces an end-of-line sequence that provides basic calculations

including "line counter", "line sum", "pixels above threshold", "pixels below threshold", and "derivative line sum" within the region of interest. These calculations can be used to perform algorithms or indicate objects of interest.

To further aid in debugging and cable/data path integrity, the first three pixels after Line Valid are "aa", "55", "aa". Refer to the following table. These statistics are calculated for the pixels within the region of interest.

Syntax:

els i

aoc

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Disable end-of-line sequence

Enable end-of-line sequence

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

els 1

Table 15: End-of-Line Sequence Description

Location Value Description

1 A’s

2 5’s

3 A’s

4 4 bit counter LSB justified

5 Line sum (7…0)

6 Line sum (15…8)

7 Line sum (23…16)

8 Line sum (31…24)

By ensuring these values consistently toggle between "aa" and "55", you can verify cabling (i.e. no stuck bits)

Counter increments by 1. Use this value to verify that every line is output

Use these values to help calculate line average and gain

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Location Value Description

9 Pixels above threshold (7…0)

10 Pixels above threshold

(15…8)

11 Pixels below threshold (7…0)

12 Pixels below threshold (15…8)

13 Differential line sum (7..0)

Monitor these values (either above or below threshold) and adjust camera digital gain and background subtract to maximize scene contrast. This provides a basis for automatic gain control (AGC)

14 Differential line sum (15…8)

15 Differential line sum (23…16)

16 Differential line sum (31…24)

Use these values to focus the camera. Generally, the greater the sum the greater the image contrast and better the focus.

Setting Thresholds

Setting an Upper Threshold

Purpose: Sets the upper threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

sequence.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

Setting a Lower Threshold

Purpose: Sets the lower threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

Syntax:

sut i i

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

• els, slt

sut 1024

sequence.

slt i

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

7.7 Saving and Restoring Settings

For each camera operating mode (high sensitivity forward direction, high sensitivity reverse direction, low sensitivity, or tall pixel), the camera has distinct factory settings, current settings, and user settings. In addition, there is one set of factory pre-calibrated pixel coefficients and up to four sets of user created pixel coefficients for each operating mode.

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• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

• els, sut

slt 1024

72 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Figure 25: Saving and Restoring Overview

For each camera operating mode: Low Sensitivity High Sensitivity Forwar d High Sensitivity Reverse Tall Pixel

rus lpc,

Current Session

User

Settings

wus wpc,wfc,

4 sets of user pixel coefficients

Factory

Settings

1 set of factory pixel coefficients

Factory Settings

On first initialization, the camera operates using the factory settings. You can restore the original factory settings at any time using the command

rfs.

User Settings

You can save or restore your user settings to non-volatile memory using the following commands. Pixel coefficients are stored separately from other data.

• To save all current user settings to non-volatile memory, use the command

camera will automatically restore the saved user settings when powered up. While settings are being written to nonvolatile memory, do not power down camera or camera memory may be corrupted.

• To restore the last saved user settings, use the command

• To save the current pixel coefficients, use the command

• To restore the last saved pixel coefficients, use the command

rus.

wpc and wfc.

lpc.

wus. The

Note:

Current Session Settings

These are the current operating settings of your camera. To save these settings to nonvolatile memory, use the command

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7.8 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients

Saving the Current PRNU Coefficients

Purpose:

Syntax:

Saves the current PRNU coefficients. You can save up to four sets

of pixel coefficients

wpc i

Syntax Elements:

PRNU coefficients set to save.

Example:

1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

wpc 2

Saving the Current FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Saves the current FPN coefficients. You can save up to four sets of

pixel coefficients

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients set to save.

Example:

wfc i i

1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

wfc 2

Loading a Saved Set of Coefficients

Purpose: Loads a saved set of pixel coefficients. A factory calibrated set of

coefficients is available.

Syntax:

lpc i

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients set to save.

Example:

Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Resets the current pixel coefficients to zero. This command does

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0 = Factory calibrated pixel coefficients.

1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

lpc 0

not reset saved coefficients.

74 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Syntax:

Notes: The digital offset is not reset.

Rebooting the Camera

The command rc reboots the camera. The camera starts up with the last saved settings and the baud rate used before reboot. Previously saved pixel coefficients are also restored.

7.9 Diagnostics

Generating a Test Pattern

Purpose: Generates a test pattern to aid in system debugging. The test

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

svm

rpc

patterns are useful for verifying camera timing and connections. The following tables show each available test pattern.

svm i i

Video.

svm smm

12 bit test pattern.

1 0

2 tap model:

1 1

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svm smm

2 1

8 bit test pattern

2 0

2 tap model:

2 1

svm smm

12 bit test pattern

1 0

1 tap model:

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76 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

svm smm

1 1

8 bit test pattern

2 1

t tap model:

7.10 Returning Video Information

The camera’s microcontroller has the ability to read video data. This functionality can be used to verify camera operation and to perform basic testing without having to connect the camera to a frame grabber. This information is also used for collecting line statistics for calibrating the camera.

Returning a Single Line of Video

Purpose: Returns a complete line of video (without pixel coefficients

applied) displaying one pixel value after another. After pixel values have been displayed it also displays the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the line sampled within the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)).

gl command, or the following gla command, to ensure

Syntax:

Use the the proper video input range into the processing chain before executing any pixel calibration commands.

gl x1 x2

Syntax Elements:

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Pixel start number. Must be less than the pixel end number in

a range from

Pixel end number. Must be greater than the pixel start number

Notes:

Related Commands

If x2≤x1 then x2 is forced to be x1.

•

Values returned are in 12-bit DN.

•

roi

in a range from

1 to sensor resolution.

2 to sensor resolution.

Example:

gl 10 20

Returning Averaged Lines of Video

Setting the Number of Lines to Sample

Purpose: Sets the number of lines to sample when using the gla command

or when performing FPN and PRNU calibration.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Number of lines to sample. Allowable values are 256, 512,

Notes:

Related Commands: Example:

Returning the Average of Multiple Lines of Video

Purpose: Returns the average for multiple lines of video data (without pixel

Syntax:

css m m

1024 (factory setting).

To return the current setting, use the gcp command or get

•

css.

gla, ccf, ccp, cpa

css 1024

coefficients applied). The number of lines to sample is set and adjusted by the Max., and Mean statistics for the pixels in the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section of Interest (ROI)).

gla x1 x2

css command. The camera displays the Min.,

Setting a Region

Syntax Elements:

Pixel start number. Must be less than the column end number

Pixel end number. Must be greater than the column start

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

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in a range from

If x2≤x1 then x2 is forced to be x1.

•

Analog gain, analog offset, digital offset, background subtract,

•

Values returned are in 12 bit DN.

css, roi

gla 10 20

number in a range from

and digital system gain are applied to the data. FPN and PRNU coefficients are not included in the data.

1 to sensor resolution.

2 to column resolution.

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7.11 Temperature Measurement

The temperature of the camera can be determined by using the vt command. This command will return the internal chip case temperature in degrees Celsius. For proper operation, this value should not exceed 75°C.

Note: If the camera reaches 75°C, the camera will shutdown and the LED will flash red. If

this occurs, the camera must be rebooted using the command, down manually. You will not be able to restart the camera until the temperature is less than 65°C. You will have to correct the temperature problem or the camera will shutdown again. The camera allows you to send the this state.

vt (verify temperature) command while it is in

rc or can be powered

7.12 Voltage Measurement

The command vv displays the camera’s input voltage. Note that the voltage measurement feature of the camera provides only approximate results (typically within 10%). The measurement should not be used to set the applied voltage to the camera but only used as a test to isolate gross problems with the supply voltage.

7.13 Camera Frequency Measurement

Purpose: Returns the frequency for the requested Camera Link control

signal

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Camera Link control signal to measure:

Note:

Example:

gsf i i

1: CC1 (EXSYNC) 2: CC2 (PRIN) 3: CC3 (CCD Direction)

• Camera operation may be impacted when entering the gsf

command (i.e., poor time response to direction change or video may have artifacts (gain changes) for several lines while the camera returns signal information)

• This command is not available when operating the camera

with external CCD direction control (scd 2)

gsf 1

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7.14 Returning the LED Status

Purpose: Returns the status of the camera’s LED. Syntax:

The camera returns one of the following values:

Notes:

gsl

1 = red (loss of functionality) 2 = green (camera is operating correctly) 5 = flashing green (camera is performing a function) 6 = flashing red (fatal error)

• Refer to section 2.4 Camera LED for more information on

the camera LED

7.15 Returning Camera Settings

Returning All Camera Settings with the Camera Parameter Screen

The camera parameter (gcp) screen returns all of the camera’s current settings. The table below lists all of the gcp screen settings.

To read all current camera settings, use the command:

Syntax:

GCP Screen Description

GENERAL CAMERA SETTINGS

Camera Model No.: S3-x0-0xK40-R Camera Serial No.: xxxxxxxxx Firmware Version: xx-xx-xxxxx-xx

CCI Version: xxxxx.xx FPGA Version: xxx.xx

UART Baud Rate: 9600

Dual Scan Mode: High Sensitivity

Camera Link Mode: 2 taps, 8 bits

gcp

Camera model number.

Camera serial number.

Firmware design revision number.

CCI version number.

FPGA revision number.

Serial communication connection speed set with the See on page

Current sensitivity mode set with the command. See section Sensitivity Mode for details.

Current bit depth setting set with the clm command.

sbr command.

Setting Baud Rate

46 for details.

smm

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80 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Mirroring Mode 0, left to right

Readout Mode Off

Cable Parameter 200

Exposure Mode: 2

SYNC Frequency: 5000 Hz

Exposure Time: 200 uSec

CCD Direction: internal/forward

Horizontal Binning: 1

Video Mode: video

Region of Interest: (1,1) to (1024, 1)

End-Of-Line Sequence: on

FFC Coefficient Set: 0

Tap readout direction: left to right, or right to left. Set with the command.

Current readout mode status. Set using the

srm command.

The cable parameter. Set using the command.

Current exposure mode value set with the command. See the Setting the Camera Link Mode section for details.

Current line rate. Value is set with the command. See the Setting the Camera Link Mode section for details.

Current exposure time setting. Value is set with the See the Setting the Camera Link Mode section for details.

Current direction setting set with scd command. Refer to section Direction for details.

Current horizontal binning factor set with the

Current video mode value set with the command. See section Generating a Test Pattern for details.

Region of interest size set with the command. See section Setting a Region of Interest (ROI) for details.

States whether an end of line sequence is turned on or off. Set using the command. See section

7.6 End-of-line Sequence for details.

Current pixel coefficient set loaded. Refer to

set command.

CCD Shift

sbh command.

smm

scb

sem

ssf

svm

roi

els

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section 7.8 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

FPN Coefficients: off

PRNU Coefficients: off

Number of Line

1024

Samples:

Upper Threshold 3600

Lower Threshold 400

Analog Gain (dB): 0.0 0.0

Analog Gain Reference(dB):

Total Analog Gain (dB):

0.0 0.0

5.5 5.5

States whether FPN coefficients are on or off. Set with the command. Refer to section Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

States whether PRNU coefficients are on or off. Set with the command. Refer to section Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Number of lines samples set with the

css command. See

section Video Information for details.

Upper threshold value set with the command.

See section line Sequence for details.

Lower threshold value set with the command. See section

7.6 End-of-line Sequence for details.

Analog gain settings set with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Analog reference gain set with the command.

See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

This is the sum of the analog gain and analog gain reference values and is the total analog gain being used by the camera.

7.5 Analog and

7.10 Returning

epc

sut

7.6 End-of-

slt

sag command.

7.5 Analog

ugr

7.5 Analog

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82 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Analog Offset: 70 70

Digital Offset: 0 0

Background Subtract: 0 0

System Gain (DN): 4096 4096

Analog offset settings set with the command. See section

7.5 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Digital offset settings set with the command. See section

7.5 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Background subtract settings set with the

ssb command. See

section Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Digital gain settings set with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

sao

sdo

7.5 Analog and

ssg command.

7.5 Analog

Returning Camera Settings with Get Commands

You can also return individual camera settings by inserting a “get” in front of the command that you want to query. If the command has a tap or pixel number parameter, you must also insert the tap number or pixel number that you want to query. Refer to Table 16 below for a list of available commands. To view a help screen listing the following get commands, use the command

Table 16: Get Commands

Syntax Parameters Description

get ccf

get ccp

get clm

get dpc

x1 x2

Returns the FPN pixel coefficients for the pixel range indicated.

x1 = Pixel start number x2= Pixel end number

Returns the PRNU pixel coefficients for the pixel range indicated.

x1 = Pixel start number x2= Pixel end number

Returns the current camera configuration where:

0 = 8 bits, 1 tap 1 = 12 bits, 1 tap 2 = 8 bits, 2 taps 3 = 12 bits, 2 tap

Returns pixel coefficients without formatting.

gh.

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Syntax Parameters Description

get els

get epc

get gcm

Returns whether the end-of-line statistics are turned off or on.

0: Off 1: On

Returns whether pixel coefficients are enabled or disabled.

The first parameter returns the FPN coefficients setting where:

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

The second parameter returns the PRNU coefficients setting where:

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

Returns the camera’s model number

get gcs

get gcv

get ger

get gfc

get gl

get gla

get gpc

get gsf

get gsl

get lpc

get rfs

get roi

get rus

get sag

get sao

get sbh

x1 x2

Returns the camera’s serial number

Returns the camera’s software version.

Returns the maximum exposure time for the current line rate.

Returns the FPN pixel coefficient for the pixel indicated.

Returns pixel values for the pixel range specified.

Returns the average of the pixel range indicated.

Returns the PRNU pixel coefficient for the pixel indicated.

Returns the frequency of the Camera Link control signal indicated, either

1, 2, or 3.

Returns the led status where:

Returns the current coefficient set number.

Returns whether factory settings have been saved. The camera always returns

1 (factory settings have been

saved).

Returns the current region of interest.

Returns whether user settings have been saved.

0 = No user settings saved 1 = User settings have been saved

Returns the analog gain in dB for the tap indicated

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

selection.

Returns the analog offset for the tap indicated.

t = 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap selection.

Returns the horizontal binning factor.

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Syntax Parameters Description

get sbr

Returns the speed of camera serial communication port.

get scb get scd

get sdo

get sem

get set

Returns the set cable parameter.

Returns the ccd shift direction where:

0 = Forward CCD shift direction. 1 = Reverse CCD shift direction. 2 = Externally controlled direction control via CC3.

Returns the digital offset value in DN for the tap indicated.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

selection.

Returns the current exposure mode:

2 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN, programmable line

rate and exposure time using commands

3 = External SYNC, internal PRIN, maximum exposure

ssf and set

time

4 = Smart EXSYNC 5 = External SYNC and PRIN 6 = External SYNC, internal PRIN, programmable

exposure time

7 = Internal programmable SYNC, maximum exposure

time. Factory setting.

8 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN, programmable

exposure time. Maximum line rate for exposure time.

Returns the current exposure time in µs.

get sfc

get slt

get spc

get srm

get ssb

get ssf

get ssg

Returns the FPN coefficient for the pixel number idicated.

x =pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count

Returns the current lower threshold value.

Returns the PRNU coefficient for the specified pixel number.

x=pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel

count

Returns the readout mode:

0 = Auto. 1 = Dark current clear. 2 = Immediate readout. Does not clear dark current.

Returns the current background subtract value.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap

selection depending on camera model.

Returns the current line/frame rate in Hz.

Returns the current digital gain setting.

t = tap selection, either 1 to 2 depending on camera

model, or

0 for all taps

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Syntax Parameters Description

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = float m = member of a set s = string

= pixel column number

y = pixel row number

get ssm

get sut

get svm

get ugr

get vt

get vv

Returns the current sensitivity mode where:

0 = Low sensitivity mode 1 = High sensitivity mode 2 = Tall pixel mode

Returns the current upper threshold value.

Returns the current video mode.

0: Normal video mode 1: Test pattern 2: Test pattern

Returns the gain reference value.

t = tap selection, either 1 to 2 depending on camera

model, or

Returns the camera’s internal chip temperature in degrees Celsius.

Returns the camera’s supply voltage.

0 for all taps

get wfc

get wpc

get wus

Returns whether FPN coefficients have been saved.

0 = No FPN coefficients saved 1 = Pixel coefficients have been saved

Returns whether PRNU coefficients have been saved.

0 = No PRNU coefficients saved 1 = Pixel coefficients have been saved

Returns whether user settings have been saved.

0 = No user settings saved 1 = User settings have been saved

7.16 ASCII Commands: Reference

The following table lists all of the camera’s available ASCII commands. Refer to Appendix A for detailed information on using these ASCII commands.

Table 17: Command Quick Reference

Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

correction calibrate fpn

ccf

Performs FPN calibration and

eliminates FPN noise by subtracting away individual pixel dark current.

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

calculate camera gain

correction calibrate prnu

ccg

ccp

i t i

Calculates the camera gain according to the selected algorithm.

i = Calibration algorithm to use.

1 = This algorithm adjusts analog

gain so that 8% to 13% of tap ROI pixels are above the specified target value.

2 = This algorithm adjusts analog

gain so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target value.

3 = This algorithm adjusts digital

gain so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target.

4= This algorithm adjusts the

analog gain so that the peak tap ROI pixels are adjusted to the specified target.

t = Tap value. Use 0 for all taps or 1

2 for individual tap selection

depending on camera model.

i = Calibration target value in a range

from

1024 to 4055DN (12 bit LSB).

Performs PRNU calibration and

eliminates the difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light.

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)

Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

calculate PRNU algorithm

cameralink mode

correction set sample

cpa

clm

css

i i

Performs PRNU calibration according to the selected algorithm.

The first parameter is the algorithm where

i is:

1 = This algorithm first adjusts each

tap’s analog gain so that 8-13% of pixels within a tap are above the value specified in the target value parameter. PRNU calibration then occurs using the peak pixel in the region of interest. (Identical to

ccp)

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients

using the entered target value as shown below:

PRNU Coefficie nt =

(AVG Pixel Value ) - (FPN+ v alu e

Targe

sdo

calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

3 = This algorithm includes an analog

gain adjustment prior to PRNU calibration. Analog gain is first adjusted so that the peak pixel value in tap’s ROI is within 97 to 99% of the specified target value. It then calculates the PRNU coefficients using the target value as shown below:

PRNUCoefficient=

(AVGPixelValu e)‐(FPN +value)

Tar get

sdo

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

The second parameter is the target value to use in a range from

1024 to

4055DN.

Sets the camera’s bit width where:

For S3-10-01K40 and S3-10-02K40

0 =

8 bits, 1 tap

1 = 12 bits, 1 tap

For S3-20-01K40 and S3-20-02K40

= 8 bits, 2 taps

3 = 12 bits, 2 taps

Sets the number of lines to sample when using the gla command or when performing FPN and PRNU calibration where m is

256, 512, or 1024

The

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

display pixel coeffs

end of line sequence

enable pixel coefficients

get camera model

dpc

els

epc

gcm

x1 x2

i i

Displays the pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU, …

x1 = Pixel start number x2= Pixel end number

in a range from

1 to 1024 or 2048

Sets the end-of-line sequence:

0: Off 1: On

Sets whether pixel coefficients are enabled or disabled.

The first parameter sets the FPN coefficients where

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

i is:

The second parameter sets the PRNU coefficients where

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

i is:

Reads the camera model number.

get camera parameters

get camera serial

get camera version

get exposure mode

get fpn coeff

get help

get line

get line average

gcp

gcs

Gcv

gem

gfc

gla

Reads all of the camera parameters.

Read the camera serial number.

Read the firmware version and FPGA version.

Retrieves the current camera exposure

mode.

Read the FPN coefficient

x = pixel number to read in a range

from

1 – sensor pixel count.

Returns all of the available “get” commands.

x x

Gets a line of video (without pixel coefficients applied) displaying one pixel value after another and the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the sampled line.

x = Pixel start number x = Pixel end number

1 to sensor pixel

x x

in a range from

count

Read the average of line samples.

x = Pixel start number x = Pixel end number

in a range from

count

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

get prnu coeff

get signal frequency

get status led

help

load pixel coefficients

reset camera

restore factory settings

region of interest

reset pixel coeffs

gpc

gsf

gsl

lpc

rfs

roi

rpc

x y x y

Read the PRNU coefficient.

x = pixel number to read in a range

from

1 – sensor pixel count.

Reads the requested Camera Link control frequency.

1 = EXSYNC frequency 2 = Spare 3 = Direction

Returns the current state of the camera’s LED where:

1 = Red 2 = Green 5 = Blinking green 6 = Blinking red

Display the online help. Refer to the Select Cable Camera ASCII Command Help for details.

Loads the previously saved pixel coefficients from non-volatile memory where

i is:

0 = Factory calibrated coefficients 1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two 3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

Resets the entire camera (reboot). Baud rate is not reset and reboots with the value last used.

Restores the camera’s factory settings. FPN and PRNU coefficients reset to 0.

Sets the pixel range affected by the cag,

gl, gla, ccf, and ccp commands. The

parameters are the pixel start and end values ( values (

pixel count

x) and the column start and end y) in a range from 1 to sensor

Resets the pixel coefficients to 0.

restore user settings

set analog gain

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rus

sag

t f

Restores the camera's last saved user settings and FPN and PRNU coefficients.

Sets the analog gain in dB.

t = tap selection, either 1 or 2

depending on camera model, or

0 for

all taps.

f= gain value specified from –10 to +10

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

set analog offset

set binning horizontal

set baud rate

set cable parameter

set ccd direction

set digital offset

set exposure mode

set exposure time

sao

sbh

sbr

scb

scd

sdo

sem

set

t i

Sets the analog offset.

t = tap selection, either 1 or 2

depending on camera model, or

0 for

all taps.

i= Offset value in a range from 0 to 255 (12-bit LSB). Offset increases with

higher values.

Sets the horizontal binning value. Available values are

1 and 2.

Set the speed of camera serial communication port. Baud rates:

19200, 57600, and 115200. Default:

9600,

9600.

Set the cable parameter. Output compare value. Available values are: 0-

255. Sets the CCD shift direction where:

0 = Forward CCD shift direction. 1 = Reverse CCD shift direction. 2 = Externally controlled direction

control via CC3. Subtracts the input value from the

video signal prior to FPN correction.

t = tap selection, either 1 or 2

depending on camera model, or

0 for

all taps.

i = Offset in a range from 0 to 2048DN.

Sets the exposure mode:

2 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable line rate and exposure time using commands

3 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

ssf and set

maximum exposure time

4 = Smart EXSYNC 5 = External SYNC and PRIN 6 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time

7 = Internal programmable SYNC,

maximum exposure time. Factory setting.

8 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time. Maximum line rate for exposure time.

Sets the exposure time. Refer to the camera help screen (

h command) for

allowable range.

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

set fpn coeff

set lower threshold

set prnu coeff

set readout mode

set subtract background

set sync frequency

set system gain

set sensitivity mode

set upper threshold

sfc

slt

spc

srm

ssb

ssf

ssg

ssm

sut

x i

t i

Set the FPN coefficient.

x =pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count.

i= FPN value within the range 0 to 2047 (12-bit LSB).

The pixels below the lower threshold are checked for and reported in the end-of-line sequence in a range from

4095.

Set the PRNU coefficient. x=pixel number within the range 1 to

sensor pixel count. i= PRNU value within the range 0 to

28671.

Set the readout mode in order to clear out dark current charge in the vertical transfer gates before the sensor is read out.

0 = Auto. 1 = Dark current clear. 2 = Immediate readout. Does not clear

dark current. Subtract the input value from the

output signal.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to

number of camera taps for individual tap

selection.

i = Subtracted value in a range from 0

4095.

Set the frame rate to a value from

300Hz to 36000Hz (2k model) or 300Hz to 68000Hz (1k model). Value

rounded up/down as required.

Set the digital gain.

t = tap selection, either 1 to 2, or 0 for

all taps

i = Digital gain in a range from 0 to

65535. The digital video values are

multiplied by this number.

Sets the camera’s sensitivity mode where i is:

0 = Low sensitivity mode 1 = High sensitivity mode 2 = Tall pixel mode

The pixels equal to or greater than the upper threshold are checked for and reported in the end-of-line sequence in a range from

0-4095.

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Mnemonic Syntax Parameters Description

set video mode

update gain reference

verify temperature

verify voltage

write FPN coefficients

write PRNU coeffs

write user settings

svm

ugr

wfc

wpc

wus

Write all of the user settings to non-

Switch between normal video mode and camera test patterns:

0: Normal video mode 1: Camera test pattern 2: Camera test pattern

Changes 0dB gain to equal the current analog gain value set with the command.

Check the internal temperature of the camera

Check the camera’s input voltages and return OK or fail

Write all current FPN coefficients to non-volatile memory, where

1 = FPN coefficient set one 2 = FPN coefficient set two 3 = FPN coefficient set three 4 = FPN coefficient set four

Write all current PRNU coefficients to non-volatile memory, where

1 = PRNU coefficient set one 2 = PRNU coefficient set two 3 = PRNU coefficient set three 4 = PRNU coefficient set four

volatile memory.

sag

i is:

7.17 Error Handling

The following table lists warning and error messages and provides a description and possible cause. Warning messages are returned when the camera cannot meet the full value of the request; error messages are returned when the camera is unable to complete the request.

Table 18: Warning and Error Messages

Message Description

OK> SUCCESS

Warning 01: Outside of specification>

Warning 02: Clipped to min>

Warning 03: Clipped to max>

Warning 04: Related parameters adjusted>

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Parameter accepted was outside of specified operating range (e.g. gain greater than ±10 dB of factory setting).

Parameter was clipped to the current operating range. Use gcp to see value used.

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Message Description

Warning 07: Coefficient may be inaccurate A/D clipping has occurred>

Warning 08: Greater than 1% of coefficients have been clipped>

Warning 09: Internal line rate inconsistent with readout time>

In the region of interest (ROI) greater than 6.251% single or 1% of averaged pixel values were zero or saturated.

A FPN/PRNU has been calculated to be greater than the maximum allowable 511 (8).

Message Description

Error 02: Unrecognized command>

Error 03: Incorrect number of parameters>

Error 04: Incorrect parameter value>

Error 05: Command unavailable in this mode>

Error 06: Timeout> Command not completed in time. Eg FPN/PRNU calculation when no

Error 07: Camera settings not saved>

Error 08: Unable to calibrate - tap outside ROI>

Error 09: The camera's temperature exceeds the specified operating range>

Command is not available in the current access level or it is not a valid command.

This response returned for

· Alpha received for numeric or vice versa

· Not an element of the set of possible values. E.g., Baud Rate

· Outside the range limit

Command is valid at this level of access, but not effective. Eg line rate when in smart Exsync mode

external Exsync is present. Tried saving camera settings (rfs/rus) but they cannot be saved.

Cannot calibrate a tap that is not part of the region of interest.

Indicates that the camera has shut itself down to prevent damage from further overheating.

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7.18 Clearing Dark Current

Gate Dark Current Clear

Image sensors accumulate dark current while they wait for a trigger signal. If the readout is not triggered in a reasonable amount of time, then this dark current accumulation may increase to an excessive amount. The result of this happening will be that the first row, and possibly additional rows (frames), of the image will be corrupt.

The sensor used in this camera contains two sources of dark current that will accumulate with time: 1) in the photo sensitive area, and 2) in the gates used to clock-out the charge.

The gate dark current can account for approximately 20% of the total dark current present. While the exposure control has direct control over the amount of dark current in the photo sensitive area, it has no control over the charge accumulated in the gates. Even with exposure control on, at low line rates, this gate charge can cause the camera to saturate.

Using the

Set Readout Mode (srm) command, the camera user can control the

camera's behavior in order to minimize the dark current artifact.

The modes of operation selected by the

srm command are: Auto, On, or Off.

Note: This command is only available in low sensitivity and tall pixel modes. High sensitivity mode operates only in the immediate read out position.

Dark Current

Clear

Mode

Immediate

Readout

0Hz

Watchdog

Frequency

Dark

Current

Clear to

Immediate

Readout

Transition

Frequency

Increasing Line Rate

Frequency

Immediate

Readout to

Dark

Current

Clear

Transition

Frequency

Max. Line Rate in

Dark Current Clear

Mode

Figure 26: Gate Dark Current Clear

Table 19.

Transition Frequencies Model Dark Current Clear to

Immediate Readout

Immediate Readout to Dark Current Clear Transition

Transition

SG-10-01K40 13.6KHz 16.4KHz

SG-10-01K80 25.1KHz 30.4KHz

SG-10-02K40 7.05KHz 8.52KHz

Max. Line Rate in

Immediate

Readout Mode

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SG-10-02K80 13.6KHz 16.4KHz

Immediate read out mode (default, srm 2)

In this mode the image is read out, including accumulated dark current, immediately following the trigger or the EXSYNC falling edge.

There are no line rate limitations other than the amount of gate dark current that can be tolerated at low line rates.

There are no timing or exposure anomalies other than situations where EXSYNC is removed from camera. In this case, the camera will operate in a "watchdog" state.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Gate dark current clear mode (always on, srm 1)

In this mode the gate dark current will be cleared continuously.

After the trigger (EXSYNC) is received, the dark current is cleared from the image sensor before the image is acquired. The line rate is limited to ½ the maximum line rate available for that model of camera.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Table 20.

Max. Line Rate Model Immediate Readout

Mode

SG-10-01K40 36KHz 18KHz

SG-10-01K80 68KHz 34KHz

SG-10-02K40 18.5KHz 9.25KHz

SG-10-02K80 36KHz 18KHz

Dark Current Clear Mode

When operating in the dark current clear mode, there will be a slight delay, equivalent to one readout time, before the actual exposure is implemented. The actual exposure time will not be altered.

Table 21.

Model Exposure Delay and Max Exposure Time in Auto

Mode

SG-10-01K40 27.5µs

SG-10-01K80 14.75 µs

SG-10-02K40 53.1 µs

SG-10-02K80 27.5 µs

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Auto Mode (srm 0)

In this mode the line rate from the camera will automatically cause a switch between the gate dark current clear mode and non gate dark current clear mode.

The frequency of when this mode switchover occurs depends on the camera model.

In cases where the line rate is rapidly increased from below the Dark Current Clear to Immediate Readout Transition Frequency to above the Immediate Readout to Dark Current Clear Transition Frequency, the first line following this transition will likely be corrupted.

The table below outlines the artifacts that may be seen during this transition period. All subsequent lines after this occurrence will be as expected.

In the case of a slow transition (that is, when the EXSYNC line rate increases by less than 10% of the previous line rate) a line readout will not become corrupt.

There are also limitations on the exposure time when operating in auto mode: If the line rate exceeds half the maximum line rate, then the exposure time cannot exceed the time stated in

Table 21.

Note: DALSA recommends Auto mode for most users.

For information on artifacts that may be experienced while using this mode, see the Artifacts section below.

Please note: The graphic below explains the relationship between the following tables and the preceding to a specific region of

Figure 26. The operating regions described in the tables refer

Figure 26.

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Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout: Multi-Line Artifacts.

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Operating Mode

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

SRM 2, Immediate Readout Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Operating Mode

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

INT

< #)

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98 Spyder 3 CL User's Manual

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

INT

> #)

Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout: Multi-Line Artifacts

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

SRM 2, Immediate Readout Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Operating Mode

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

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Dark Current Dump to Immediate Readout (T

INT

< #)

> #)

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Immediate Readout to Dark Current Dump: Hysteresis Artifacts

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Operating Mode

SRM 0, Auto Mode.

Time Period

Operating Region Refer to

Figure 26.

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

Operating Mode

Dark Current Dump state

Immediate Readout state

Dark Current Dump state

03-032-20008-00 DALSA

Dalsa S3-10-01k40-R, S3-20-01k40-R, S3-10-02k40-R, S3-20-02k40-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual