Dalsa Piranha3, P3-80-k40-R, P3-87-K40-R, P3-87-**K40-01-R User Manual

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Piranha3

Camera User’s Manual

P3-80-xxk40-R

P3-87-xxK40-R

P3-87-xxK40-01-R

8k to 12k Line Scan CCD Cameras

29-Jan-07

03-032-10216-02

www.dalsa.com

Piranha 3 User Manual

© 2007 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA.

About DALSA

DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs, develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing semiconductor products and services. DALSA’s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics technology, software, and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing. Products and services include image sensor components; electronic digital cameras; vision processors; image processing software; and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS, high-voltage semiconductors, image sensors and mixed-signal CMOS chips. DALSA is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “DSA”. The Company has its corporate offices in Waterloo, ON and over 1000 employees worldwide.

For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s extensive line of image sensing products, please call:

DALSA Sales Offices

Waterloo Europe Asia Pacific

605 McMurray Rd Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023 www.dalsa.com sales.americas@dalsa.com

Breslauer Str. 34 D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich) Germany Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770 Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746 www.dalsa.com sales.europe@dalsa.com

Space G1 Building, 4F 2-40-2 Ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014 Japan +81 3 5960 6353 (phone) +81 3 5960 6354 (fax) www.dalsa.com sales.asia@dalsa.com

DALSA Worldwide Operations

Waterloo Colorado Springs Europe Asia Pacific

605 McMurray Rd Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9 Canada Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023 www.dalsa.com sales.americas@dalsa.com

Camera Link is a trademark registered by the Automated Imaging Association, as chair of a committee of industry members including DALSA.

4820 Centennial Blvd., Suite 115 Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA Tel: 719 599 7700 Fax: 719 599 7775 www.dalsa.com sales.americas@dalsa.com

Breslauer Str. 34 D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich) Germany Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770 Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746 www.dalsa.com sales.europe@dalsa.com

Ikebukuro East 13F 3-4-3 Higashi-Ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-

0013 Japan Tel: 81 3 5960 6353 Fax: 81 3 5960 6354 (fax) www.dalsa.com sales.asia@dalsa.com

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Contents

Introduction to the Piranha3 Camera _________________________________________ 7

1.1 Camera Highlights.......................................................................................................................................................7

Features..........................................................................................................................................................7

Key Specifications............................................................................................................................................7

Programmability.............................................................................................................................................8

Description......................................................................................................................................................8

Applications.....................................................................................................................................................8

Models.............................................................................................................................................................8

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications ............................................................................................................................9

1.3 Image Sensor...............................................................................................................................................................12

1.4 Responsivity.................................................................................................................................................................13

Camera Hardware Interface________________________________________________ 15

2.1 Installation Overview...................................................................................................................................................15

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED...............................................................................................................................15

Input Signals, Camera Link ............................................................................................................................19

Output Signals, Camera Link..........................................................................................................................19

2.3 Camera Link Video Timing..........................................................................................................................................19

Software Interface: How to Control the Camera __________________________________ 23

Setting Baud Rate...........................................................................................................................................24

Camera Help Screen .......................................................................................................................................24

3.1 Command Categories...................................................................................................................................................26

3.2 Sensor Output Format.................................................................................................................................................27

Overview .........................................................................................................................................................27

Setting the Exposure Mode.............................................................................................................................27

Setting the Line Rate ......................................................................................................................................30

Setting the Exposure Time..............................................................................................................................31

3.3 Camera Output Format ...............................................................................................................................................31

3.4 Data Processing...........................................................................................................................................................33

Processing Chain Overview and Description...................................................................................................33

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)..................................................35

Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset...........................................................................38

Digital Signal Processing................................................................................................................................44

Returning Calibration Results and Errors.......................................................................................................49

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Setting Thresholds ..........................................................................................................................................51

3.5 Saving and Restoring Settings.....................................................................................................................................52

3.6 Diagnostics...................................................................................................................................................................54

Returning a Single Line of Video....................................................................................................................54

Returning Averaged Lines of Video................................................................................................................55

Returning All Camera Settings with the Camera Parameter Screen ..............................................................57

Returning Camera Settings with Get Commands ...........................................................................................60

Optical and Mechanical Considerations ________________________________________ 63

4.1Mechanical Interface.....................................................................................................................................................63

4.2 Lens Mounts.................................................................................................................................................................64

4.2 Lens Mounts.................................................................................................................................................................65

4.3 Optical Interface ..........................................................................................................................................................65

Illumination....................................................................................................................................................65

Light Sources...................................................................................................................................................65

Filters..............................................................................................................................................................65

Lens Modeling.................................................................................................................................................66

Magnification and Resolution.........................................................................................................................66

Troubleshooting________________________________________________________ 67

5.1 Common Solutions.......................................................................................................................................................67

5.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface.................................................................................................................68

Communications .............................................................................................................................................68

Verify Parameters...........................................................................................................................................68

Verify Factory Calibrated Settings...................................................................................................................68

Verify Timing and Digital Video Path.............................................................................................................68

Verify Voltage .................................................................................................................................................68

5.3 Specific Solutions.........................................................................................................................................................68

No Output or Erratic Behavior........................................................................................................................68

Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Line rate..........................................................................................68

Noisy Output...................................................................................................................................................69

Dark Patches...................................................................................................................................................69

5.4 Product Support...........................................................................................................................................................70

Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table__________________________ 71

LVDS Technical Description ............................................................................................................................71

Camera Signal Requirements.........................................................................................................................71

Video Data......................................................................................................................................................72

Camera Control Signals ..................................................................................................................................72

Communication...............................................................................................................................................72

Power..............................................................................................................................................................73

Error Handling and Command List ___________________________________________ 75

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B1 Error Handling .............................................................................................................................................................75

B2 All Available Commands ..............................................................................................................................................76

EMC Declaration of Conformity______________________________________________ 85 Revision History ________________________________________________________ 87 Index _______________________________________________________________ 89

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Introduction to the Piranha3 Camera

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

• 8k or 12k resolution

• Up to 33.7 kHz line rates

• Selectable 8 or 12 bit output

• 320MHz throughput (8x40 MHz)

• 100x antiblooming

• Selectable Medium or Full Camera Link™ configuration interface

• Automatic tap balancing algorithms

• RoHS, CE and FCC compliant

Key Specifications

8k 12k Value Units Typ (0dB Gain) Typ (0dB Gain)

Pixel Pitch µm 7 x 7 5 x 5

Camera Size mm 150 x 42 x 80 150 x 42 x 80

Maximum Line Rate kHz 33.7 23.5

Broadband Responsivity DN/nJ/cm2 224 138

Random Noise rms DN 12.5 10.5

Dynamic Range (8 bit) ratio 328:1 391:1

FPN Corrected DN 4 4

PRNU Corrected DN 18 18

Note: All numbers referenced to 12 bits unless otherwise specified

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Programmability

• Simple ASCII protocol controls gain, offset, line rates, trigger mode, pixel correction, test pattern output, and camera diagnostics

Description

The next generation of Piranha line scan cameras has arrived with more power, more speed and more resolution than ever before. The Piranha3 camera family takes imaging to a new level with eight outputs running at 40MHz and either 8k or 12k resolutions. The large number of pixels and fast line rates specifically meet the throughput demands of flat panel inspection (Gen7 and Gen8), printed circuit board inspection, and multi-camera web inspection. With this large resolution and high speed, these cameras can inspect more panels in the same amount of time than ever before

Applications

The Piranha3 family is ideal for applications requiring high speed, superior image quality, and high responsivity. Applications include:

 Flat panel display inspection  Printed circuit board inspection  Parcel sorting  Multi-camera web inspection  High performance document scanning  High throughput applications

Models

The Piranha3 cameras are available in the following models.

Table 1: Piranha3 Camera Models Overview

Model Number

P3-80-12k40-R 12k resolution, 8 taps, 40MHz data rate, Medium or Full Camera

P3-80-08k40-R 8k resolution, 8 taps, 40MHz data rate, Medium or Full Camera Link

P3-87-12k40-R Smaller, square body, 12k resolution, 8 taps, 40MHz data rate,

P3-87-08k40-R Smaller, square body, 8k resolution, 8 taps, 40MHz data rate,

P3-87-12k40-01-R Smaller, square body, plus a heat sink. 12k resolution, 8 taps, 40MHz

Description

Link configuration.

configuration.

Medium or Full Camera Link configuration.

data rate, Medium or Full Camera Link configuration.

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y z 0z

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications

Table 2: Piranha3 Camera Performance Specifications

Feature / Specification

Sensor Features

Imager Format line scan

Resolution pixels 8192 12288

Pixel Fill Factor % 100 100

Pixel Size µm 7x7 5x5

Output Format (# of taps) 8 8

Antiblooming 100x 100x

Optical Interface Units 8k 12k Notes

Back Focal Distance

M72 Mount

Sensor Alignment

Lens Mount M72x0.75 M72x0.75

Units 8k 12k Notes

line scan CCD

CCD

mm 6.56±0.25

mm mm mm °

±0.05 ±0.05 ±0.25 ±0.4

6.56±0.25

±0.05 ±0.05 ±0.25 ±0.4

Mechanical Interface Units Notes

Camera Size mm (l x h x w) 150 x 42 x 80

Mass g 630

Connectors

power connector

data connector

6 pin male Hirose MDR26 female

Electrical Interface Units Notes

Input Voltage Volts +12 to +15 Maximum

power supply of ±5%

Power Dissipation W <15

Operating Temperature (measured at front plate)

Data Output Format Bits 8 or 12 bit user selectable 12 bits available

Output Data Configuration Medium or Full Camera Link

°C 0 to +50

in 4 tap operation only.

user selectable

Specification Units 8k 12k Notes

Minimum Line Rate kHz 2.5 2.5

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Specification Units 8k 12k Notes

Maximum Line Rate kHz 33.7 23.5

Data Throughput MHz 320 320

Gain dB -10 to +10 -10 to +10

Operating Specifications

P3-8k

(No Flat Field Correction)

-10 dB 0 dB +10 dB Specification Unit

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Notes

Broadband Responsivity

Random Noise rms

Dynamic Range (12 bit)

DC Offset DN 160

FPN ECD DN 4 13 10 40

FPN ECE DN 12 25 58 80

FPN Corrected 3 8 4 8

PRNU ECD DN 120 330 120 330

PRNU ECE DN 125 330 140 330

PRNU Pixel to Pixel

PRNU Corrected ECD ECE

NEE pJ/cm2 56 56 56

SEE nJ/cm2 58 18 6

DN/nJ/cm2 71 189 224 236 708 1

DN 4.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 40.0 50.0

ratio 820 1036

DN 80 255 80 255

DN DN

16 16

48 48

274 328 82 103

160

18 18

64 64

160 3

32 128 2

180 260 2

10 16 4

140 330 2

220 330 2

80 255

48 80

80 232

2, 5, 6

Operating Specifications (No Flat Field Correction)

-10 dB 0 dB +10 dB Specification Unit

Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max

Broadband Responsivity

Random Noise rms

Dynamic Range (12 bit)

DC Offset DN 160

FPN ECD DN 9 13 16 40

FPN ECE DN 12 25 40 80

FPN Corrected 3 8 4 8

PRNU ECD DN 120 330 120 330

PRNU ECE DN 125 330 130 330

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DN/nJ/cm2 43.6 121 138 145 436 1

DN 3.3 4.1 10.5 13

ratio 1000 1242

316 391 100 125

160

P3-12k

33 42

160 3

58 128 2

120 255 2

10 16 4

140 330 2

180 330 2

Piranha 3 User Manual

PRNU Pixel to Pixel

PRNU Corrected ECD ECE

NEE pJ/cm2 76 76 76

SEE nJ/cm2 95 30 9.5

DN 80 255 80 255

DN DN

16 16

64 64

18 18

64 64

80 255

48 80

80 232

2, 5, 6

Test conditions unless otherwise noted:

• Data Rate: 40MHz

• Line Rate: 2.5kHz

• Light Source: Broadband Quartz Halogen, 3250k, with 750nm cutoff filter installed

• Ambient test temperature 25°C

• All numbers referenced to 12 bits unless otherwise specified

• Specifications are only valid when line rates greater than 2.5kHz and input voltage is

between +12V and +15V.

Notes:

1. Halogen 3200K color temperature with 750nm cutoff filter light source, 59 µW/cm

(12k camera) and 71.3 µW/cm2 (8k camera) light intensity, line rate 2500 Hz (12k camera) and 5000 Hz (8k camera), ECD, 25 °C ambient temperature.

2. ECE = Exposure control enabled— exposure modes 2, 4, 5 and 6. ECD = Exposure

control disabled—exposure modes 3 and 7.

3. Offset is factory-calibrated to 160DN.

4. FPN measurement is performed in dark at 2500 Hz line rate.

5. PRNU corrected is measured at 35% saturation using FPN coefficients calculated at

0% saturation and PRNU coefficients calculated at 70% saturation.

6. The FPN/PRNU calibration conditions (gain, ECE, ECD, line rated, light) are set

before calibration. The residual error is confirmed to be lass than the maximum specified.

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1.3 Image Sensor

Sensitivity is maximized through DALSA’s newest IT-P9 and IT-PB sensors that were designed using our state-of-the-art CCD design process.

Figure 1: P3-80-xxk40 Sensor Block Diagram

Storage Well with Exposure Control, Reset, and Shift Register

Up to12288 Photoelemen ts (12k: 5µm x 5µm or 6k, 8k: 7µm x 7µm )

Storage Well with Exposure Control, Reset, and Shift Register Structures

Table 3: P3-80-12k40 Pixel Readout

Tap # First Pixel

1 1-3071 (odd pixels)

2 2-3072 (even pixels)

3 3073-6143 (odd pixels)

4 3074-6144 (even pixels)

5 9215-6145 (odd pixels)

6 9216-6146 (even pixels)

7 12287-9217 (odd pixels)

8 12288-9217 (even pixels)

Table 4: P3-80-08k40 Pixel Readout

Tap # First Pixel

1 1-2047 (odd pixels)

2 2-2048 (even pixels)

3 2049-4095 (odd pixels)

4 2050-4096 (even pixels)

5 6143-4097 (odd pixels)

6 6144-4098 (even pixels)

Structures

Isolation pixels

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Piranha 3 User Manual

7 8191-6141 (odd pixels)

8 8192-6142 (even pixels)

1.4 Responsivity

Figure 2: Responsivity Graphs

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Camera Hardware Interface

2.1 Installation Overview

When setting up your camera, you should take these steps:

This installation overview assumes you have not installed any system components yet.

1. Power down all equipment.

2. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, install the frame grabber (if applicable). Be sure to observe all static precautions.

3. Install any necessary imaging software.

4. Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies. Ensure that all the correct voltages are present at the camera end of the power. Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section

5. Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged.

6. Connect Camera Link and power cables.

7. After connecting cables, apply power to the camera.

8. Check the diagnostic LED. See

You must also set up the other components of your system, including light sources, camera mounts, host computers, optics, encoders, and so on.

2.2.1 LED Status Indicator for an LED description.

2.2.2 Power Connector.

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED

The camera uses a:

• Diagnostic LED for monitoring the camera. See LED Status Indicator in section LED Status Indicator for details.

• 6-pin Hirose connector for power. Refer to section

• High-density 26-pin MDR26 connector for Camera Link control signals, data signals, and serial communications. Refer to section details.

2.2.3 Camera Link Data Connector for

2.2.1

2.2.2 Power Connector for details.

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Figure 3: Piranha3 Input and Output Connectors

Diagnostic LED

Camera Link (Medium or Full Configuration)

+12V to +15V and Ground

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera. Incorrect voltages will damage the camera. See section 2.4 for more details.

2.2.1 LED Status Indicator

The camera is equipped with a red/green LED used to display the operational status of the camera. The table below summarizes the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states.

When more than one condition is active, the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority. Error and warning states are accompanied by corresponding messages further describing the current camera status.

Table 5: Diagnostic LED

Color of Status LED Meaning

Flashing Green Camera initialization or executing a long command (e.g., flat field

correction commands ccp or ccf)

Solid Green Camera is operational and functioning correctly

Flashing Red Fatal Error. Camera temperature is too high and camera thermal

shutdown has occurred.

Solid Red Warning. Loss of functionality (e.g. external SRAM failure)

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2.2.2 Power Connector

Figure 4: Hirose 6-pin Circular Male—Power Connector

H irose 6-pin Circular Male

Mating Part : H IROSE

HR10A -7P-6S

The camera requires a single voltage input with a +12V to +15V operating range (+11V to +16V absolute maximum range). The camera meets all performance specifications using standard switching power supplies, although well-regulated linear supplies provide optimum performance.

Table 6: Hirose Pin Description

Pins Description

1,2,3 +12 to +15V

4, 5, 6 GND

WARNING: When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:

• Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.

• Use high-quality

• Use an isolated type power supply to prevent LVDS common mode range violation.

linear supplies to minimize noise.

Note: Performance specifications are not guaranteed if your power supply does not meet

the +12V to +15V requirements.

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your

camera. Incorrect voltages will damage the camera. Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

DALSA offers a power supply with attached 6’ power cable that meets the Piranha3 camera’s requirements, but it should not be considered the only choice. Many high quality supplies are available from other vendors. DALSA assumes no responsibility for the use of these supplies.

Visit the www.dalsa.com Web site for a list of companies that make power supplies that meet the camera’s requirements. The companies listed should not be considered the only choices.

2.2.3 Camera Link Data Connector

Figure 5: Camera Link MDR26 Connector

Mating Part

Cable:

3M 14X26-SZLB-X X X-0 L C

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MD R26 Female

: 3M 334-31 series

**3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable.

Piranha 3 User Manual

The Camera Link interface is implemented as a Medium or Full Configuration in the Piranha3 cameras. Refer to section

3.3.1 Setting the Camera Link Mode for details on

setting the Camera Link configuration.

Table 7: Camera Link Hardware Configuration Summary

Configuration 8 Bit Ports

Supported

Medium A, B, C, D, E, F 28 2 2

Full A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 28 3 2

Serializer Bit Width

Number of Chips

Number of MDR26 Connectors

Table 8: Camera Link Connector Pinout

Medium and Full Configuration Camera Connector Right Angle

Frame Grabber

1 1 inner shield Inner Shield

14 14 inner shield Inner Shield

2 25 Y0- PAIR1-

15 12 Y0+ PAIR1+

3 24 Y1- PAIR2-

16 11 Y1+ PAIR2+

4 23 Y2- PAIR3-

17 10 Y2+ PAIR3+

5 22 Yclk- PAIR4-

18 9 Yclk+ PAIR4+

6 21 Y3- PAIR5-

19 8 Y3+ PAIR5+

7 20 100 ohm PAIR6+

20 7 terminated PAIR6-

8 19 Z0- PAIR7-

21 6 Z0+ PAIR7+

9 18 Z1- PAIR8-

22 5 Z1+ PAIR8+

10 17 Z2- PAIR9+

23 4 Z2+ PAIR9-

11 16 Zclk- PAIR10-

24 3 Zclk+ PAIR10+

12 15 Z3- PAIR11+

25 2 Z3+ PAIR11-

13 13 inner shield Inner Shield

26 26 inner shield Inner Shield

Channel Link Signal

Cable Name

Table 9: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

Signal Configuration

CC1 EXSYNC

CC2 PRIN

CC3 Spare

CC4 Spare

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Input Signals, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link MDR26F connector.

IMPORTANT:

This camera’s data should be sampled on the rising edge of STROBE.

The camera ships in internal sync, internal programmed integration (exposure mode 2).

EXSYNC (Triggers Line Readout)

Line rate can be set internally using the serial interface. The external control signal EXSYNC is optional and enabled through the serial interface. This camera uses the falling edge of EXSYNC to trigger line readout. Section Exposure Time details how to set frame times, exposure times, and camera modes.

3.2.1 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and

Output Signals, Camera Link

These signals indicate when data is valid, allowing you to clock the data from the camera to your acquisition system. These signals are part of the Camera Link configuration and you should refer to the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map, available at

http://vfm.dalsa.com/, for the standard location of these signals.

Clocking Signal Indicates

LVAL (high) Outputting valid line

DVAL (high) Valid data

STROBE (rising edge) Valid data

FVAL (high) Outputting valid frame

• The camera internally digitizes 12 bits and outputs 8 MSB or all 12 bits depending on the camera’s Camera Link operating mode. Refer to section Link Mode for details on setting the Camera Link configuration.

• For a Camera Link reference refer to Appendix A on page

3.3.1 Setting the Camera

71.

2.3 Camera Link Video Timing

Figure 6: Piranha3 Overview Timing Showing Input and Output Relationships

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Figure 7: Piranha3 Fixed (Programmed) Integration Timing with External EXSYNC

Table 10: Piranha3 Input and Output

Symbol Definition Min (ns)

twSYNC The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when

not in SMART EXSYNC mode.

twSYNC

(SMART)

The minimum low width of the EXSYNC pulse when in SMART EXSYNC modes to guarantee the photosites are reset.

twSYNC_INT The minimum width of the high pulse when the

“SMART EXSYNC” feature is turned off

twSYNC_INT

(SMART)

Is the integration time when the “SMART EXSYNC” feature is available and turned on. Note that the minimum time is necessary to guarantee proper operation.

tLINE PERIOD (t LP)

The minimum and maximum line times made up of tTransfer, tREADOUT plus tOVERHEAD to meet specifications.

tTransfer The time from the reception of the falling edge of

EXSYNC to the rising edge of LVAL when pretrigger is set to zero. Pretrigger reduces the number of clocks to the rising edge of LVAL but doesn’t change the time to the first valid pixel. If the fixed integration time mode of operation is available and selected then the integration time is added to the specified value.

twFixed Int. Fixed Integration Time mode of operation for variable

exsync frequency.

tREADOUT Is the number of pixels per tap times the readout clock

period. Pretrigger = 0.

tOVERHEAD Is the number of pixels that must elapse after the

falling edge of LVAL before the EXSYNC signal can be asserted. This time is used to clamp the internal analog electronics

thPR Applies when the PRIN exposure control feature is

enabled . The PRIN signal must be held a minimum time after the EXSYNC falling edge to avoid losing the

100

3,000

100

3,000

53,190 (12k) 106,382 (8k)

3,725 ±25

800

38,400 (12k)

25,600 (8k)

425±25

Don’t care

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Symbol Definition Min (ns)

integrated charge

twPR_LOW Minimum Low time to assure complete photosite reset 3,000

tPR_SET The nominal time that the photo sites are integrating.

Clock synchronization will lead to integration time jitter, which is shown in the specification as +/values. The user should command times greater than these to ensure proper charge transfer from the photosites. Failure to meet this requirement may result in blooming in the Horizontal Shift Register.

3,000

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Software Interface: How to Control the Camera

All Piranha3 camera features can be controlled through the serial interface. The camera can also be used without the serial interface after it has been set up correctly. Functions available include:

This chapter outlines the more commonly used commands. See section B2 All Available Commands for a list of all available commands.

• Controlling basic camera functions such as gain and sync signal source

• Flat field correction

• Generating a test pattern for debugging

The serial interface uses a simple ASCII-based protocol and the camera does not require any custom software.

Serial Protocol Defaults

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

• No flow control

• 9.6kbps

• Camera does not echo characters

Command Format

When entering commands, remember that:

• A carriage return <CR> ends each command.

• A space or multiple space characters separate parameters. Tabs or commas are

invalid parameter separators.

• Upper and lowercase characters are accepted

• The backspace key is supported

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• The camera will answer each command with either <CR><LF> “OK >" or

<CR><LF>"Error xx: Error Message >" or “Warning xx: Warning Message”. The ">" is always the last character sent by the camera.

The following parameter conventions are used in the manual:

i = integer value f = real number m = member of a set s = string t = tap id x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

Setting Baud Rate

Purpose: Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port. Syntax:

sbr m

Syntax Elements: Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200,

Notes:

Example:

57600, and 115200.

• Power-on rate is always 9600 baud.

• The

sbr 57600

rc (reset camera) command will not reset the camera to

the power-on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate.

Camera Help Screen

For quick help, the camera can return all available commands and parameters through the serial interface.

There are two different help screens available. One lists all of the available commands to configure camera operation. The other help screen lists all of the commands available for retrieving camera parameters (these are called “get” commands).

To view the help screen listing all of the camera configuration commands, use the command:

Syntax:

To view a help screen listing all of the “get” commands, use the command:

Syntax:

Notes: For more information on the camera’s “get” commands, refer to

The camera configuration command help screen lists all available commands. Parameter ranges displayed are the absolute maximum ranges available. Depending on the current camera operating conditions, you may not be able to obtain these values. If this occurs, values are clipped and the camera returns a warning message.

Some commands may not be available in your current operating mode. The help screen displays NA in this case.

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section

3.6.6 Returning Camera Settings.

Piranha 3 User Manual

P3 12k Example Help Screen

cao calibrate analog offset ti 0-8:0-255 ccf correction calibrate fpn ccg calibrate camera gain iti 1-4:0-8:1024-4055 ccp correction calibrate prnu clm camera link mode m 15/16/21/ cpa calibrate PRNU algorithm ii 1-4:1024-4055 css correction set sample m 256/512/1024/ dpc display pixel coeffs xx 1-12288:1-12288 els end of line sequence i 0-1 epc enable pixel coefficients ii 0-1:0-1 gcm get camera model gcp get camera parameters gcs get camera serial gcv get camera version get get values s gfc get fpn coeff x 1-12288 gh get help gl get line xx 1-12288:1-12288 gla get line average xx 1-12288:1-12288 gpc get prnu coeff x 1-12288 gsf get signal frequency i 1-4 gss get sensor serial h help lpc load pixel coefficients i 0-4 rc reset camera rfs restore factory settings roi region of interest xyxy 1-12288:1-1:1-12288:1-1 rpc reset pixel coeffs rus restore user settings sag set analog gain tf 0-8:-10.0-+10.0 sao set analog offset ti 0-8:0-255 sbr set baud rate m 9600/19200/57600/115200/ sdo set digital offset ti 0-8:0-2048 sem set exposure mode m 2/3/4/5/6/7/8/ set set exposure time f 3-3330 [uSec] sfc set fpn coeff xi 1-12288:0-2048 sfr set fpn range xxi 1-8192:1-8192:0-2048 slt set lower threshold i 0-4095 sot set output throughput m 320/ spc set prnu coeff xi 1-12288:0-28671 spr set prnu range xxi 1-8192:1-8192:0-28671 spt set pretrigger i 0-16 ssb set subtract background ti 0-8:0-4095 ssf set sync frequency f 300-23619 ssg set system gain ti 0-8:0-65535 sut set upper threshold i 0-4095 svm set video mode i 0-2 ugr update gain reference vt verify temperature vv verify voltage wfc write FPN coefficients i 1-4 wpc write PRNU coefficients i 1-4 wus write user settings

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Piranha 3 User Manual

3.1 Command Categories

The following diagram categorizes and lists all of the camera’s commands. This chapter is organized by command category.

Figure 8: Command Categories

Other

Introduction

Help (

Set Baud Rate ( )

sbr

Sensor Output Format

Section 3.2

SetExposure Mode( )

Set Frame/Line Rate ( )

Set Exposure Time ( )

Camera Output Format

Section 3.3

Camera Link Mode ( )

Camera Throughput ( )

Generate a TestPattern( )

Set Upper Threshold ( ) Set Lower Threshold ( )

EndofLineSequence( )

Set Pretrigger ( )

Data Processing

Section 3.4

Region of Interest ( )

SetAnalogGain( or )

Update Gain Reference ( )

SetAnalog Offset ( )

Calibrate Analog Offset ( )

Correction Set Sample ( )

CalculateFPN ( )

Set Digital Offset ( )

Calculate PRNU ( )

Enable Pixel Coefficients ( )

Set PRNU Coefficient ( )

Set FPN Coefficient ( )

Set PRNU Range ( )

Set FPN Range ( )

Set Background Subtract ( )

Set Digital System Gain ( )

sag ccg

ccf

set

clm

spt

roi

sao

sdo

ccp

sfc

spr

sfr

sem

ssf

sot

svm sut slt

els

ugr

cao css

epc

spc

ssb

ssg

Saving and Restor ing Settings

Section 3.5

Save Current User Settings ( )

Restore Previously Saved User Settings (

Save Current PRNU Coefficients ( )

Save Current FPN Coefficients ( )

Load Pixel Coefficients ( )

Reset Pixel Coefficients ( )

Restore Factory Settings ( )

Reboot Camera ( )

wus

wpc

wfc

lpc

rpc

rfs

Diagnostics

Section 3.6

GetLine of Data( )

Get anAverage of Multiple Lines ( )

Display PixelCoefficients ( )

Measure Internal Temperature ( )

Measure Input Voltage ( )

Get Commands

gla

dpc

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Piranha 3 User Manual

3.2 Sensor Output Format

3.2.1 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time

Overview

You have a choice of operating in one of seven modes. The camera’s line rate (synchronization) can be generated internally through the software command externally with an EXSYNC signal, depending on your mode of operation. To select how you want the camera’s line rate to be generated:

1. You must first set the camera mode using the sem command.

2. Next, if using mode 2, 7 or 8 use the commands ssf and/or set to set the line rate and

exposure time.

Setting the Exposure Mode

ssf or set

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure mode allowing you to control your

sync, exposure time, and line rate generation.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

sem i i

Exposure mode to use. Factory setting is 7.

• Refer to

available modes or to the following sections for a more detailed explanation.

• To obtain the current value of the exposure mode, use the

command

ssf, set

sem 3

Table 11: Piranha3 Exposure Modes for a quick list of

gcp or get sem.

Table 11: Piranha3 Exposure Modes

Programmable Line Rate Programmable Exposure Time

Mode SYNC PRIN Description

4 5

6 7

Internal Internal Yes Yes Internal frame rate and exposure time.

Exposure mode enabled (ECE)

External Internal No No Maximum exposure time. Exposure

control disabled (ECD)

External Internal No No Smart EXSYNC. ECE.

External External No No External sync, external pixel reset.

ECE.

External Internal No Yes Fixed integration time. ECE.

Internal Internal Yes No Internal line rate, maximum exposure

time. ECD.

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Mode SYNC PRIN Description

Internal Internal No Yes Maximum line rate for exposure time.

ECE.

Note: When setting the camera to external signal modes, EXSYNC and/or PRIN must be supplied.

Exposure Modes in Detail

Mode 2: Internally Programmable Line Rate and Exposure Time

Mode 2 operates at a user specified line rate and exposure time.

• When setting the line rate (using the

if necessary, to accommodate the new line rate. The exposure time will always be set to the maximum time (line period – line transfer time – pixel reset time) for that line rate when a new line rate requiring reduced exposure time is entered.

• When setting the exposure time (using the

increased, if necessary, to accommodate the exposure time. Under this condition, the line time will equal the exposure time + line transfer time.

Example 1: Exposure Time less than Line Period

Programmable Period (

Readout

CR Exposure Time

ssf command), exposure time will be reduced,

set command), line time will be

set command)

Readout

Programmable Period

CR Exposure Time

Line Period

Programmable Period (ssf command)

CR=Charge Reset

Line Period

Programmable Period

Mode 3: External Trigger with Maximum Exposure

Line rate is set by the period of the external trigger pulses. The falling edge of the external trigger marks the beginning of the exposure.

Example 2: Line Rate is set by External Trigger Pulses.

Line Period

Exposure Time

Falling Edge

Ignored During

Readout

EXSYNC

Readout

Line Period

Readout

Exposure Time

Falling Edge

Ignored During

Readout

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Mode 4: Smart EXSYNC, External Line Rate and Exposure Time

In this mode, EXSYNC sets both the line period and the exposure time. The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout.

Example 3: Trigger Period is Repetitive and Greater than Read Out Time.

EXSYNC

Exposure Time

Readout

Exposure Time

Readout

Line Period Line Period

Mode 5: External Line Rate (EXSYNC) and External Pixel Reset (PRIN)

In this mode, the falling edge of EXSYNC sets the line period and the rising edge of PRIN sets the start of exposure time.

Figure 9: EXSYNC controls Line Period and PRIN controls Exposure Time

Line Period

Readout

EXSYNC

PRIN

cr=Charge Reset

Mode 6: External Line Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time

Figure 10: EXSYNC controls Line Period with Internally controlled Exposure Time

Line Period

Readout

EXSYNC

CR=Charge Reset

Line Period

Programmable Period

set

Using Command

Readout

Line Period

Programmable Period

set

Using command

Readout

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Mode 7: Internally Programmable Line Rate, Maximum Exposure Time

In this mode, the line rate is set internally with a maximum exposure time.

Figure 11: Mode 7 Camera Timing

Line Period

Exposure Time

Readout

Line Period

Exposure Time

Readout

Internal Sync set

ssf

with Command

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored

during readout (Only Possible on sot change)

EXSYNC Falling Edge ignored during readout

Mode 8: Maximum Line Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

In this mode, the exposure time is set internally with a maximum line rate.

Figure 12: Mode 8 Timing

Programmable Perio

Readout

Frame Period

CR=Charge Reset

Exposure Time

Readout

Frame Period

Programmable Period

CR Exposure Time

Applies to Modes 2 and 7

Setting the Line Rate

Purpose: Sets the camera’s line rate in Hz. Camera must be operating in

exposure mode 2 or 7.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

ssf f i

Desired line rate in Hz. Allowable values are: 12k: 300-23619Hz 8k: 300-33855Hz

• To read the current line frequency, use the command

get ssf.

• If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

returned.

sem, set

ssf 10000

gcp or

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Setting the Exposure Time

Applies to Modes 2 and 8

Purpose: Sets the camera’s exposure time is µs. Camera must be operating in

mode 2 or 8.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

set f i

Desired exposure time in µs. Allowable values are 3 to 3330µs.

• To read the current line frequency, use the command

get set.

• If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, an error message is

returned.

sem, ssf

set 400.5

3.3 Camera Output Format

3.3.1 Setting the Camera Link Mode

Purpose: Sets the camera’s Camera Link configuration, number of Camera

Link taps and data bit depth. Refer to each Camera Link mode.

Syntax:

clm m

gcp or

Table 12 for a description of

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

Notes:

Example:

15: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 8 bit output 16: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 12 bit output 21: Full configuration, 8 taps, 8 bit output

• To obtain the current data mode, use the command

clm.

• The bit patterns are defined by the DALSA Camera Link

Roadmap and the Camera Link Standard.

clm 15

gcp or get

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Table 12: Piranha3 Data Readout Configurations

Camera Link Mode Configuration (Controlled by clm command) Command Camera Link

Configuration

clm 15

Medium 4 Camera Link taps

Camera Link Taps Camera Link

Data Rate

80MHz 8 where: 1 = CCD tap 1+2 2 = CCD tap 3+4 3 = CCD tap 5+6 4 = CCD tap 7+8

Note: Concatenated taps are interleaved. Refer to section 1.3 for a sensor readout description.

Bit Depth

clm 16

clm 21

Medium 4 Camera Link taps

where: 1 = CCD tap 1+2 2 = CCD tap 3+4 3 = CCD tap 5+6 4 = CCD tap 7+8

Note: Concatenated taps are interleaved. Refer to section 1.3 for a sensor readout description.

Full 8 Camera Link taps

where: 1 = CCD tap 1 2 = CCD tap 2 3 = CCD tap 3 4 = CCD tap 4 5 = CCD tap 5 6 = CCD tap 6 7 = CCD tap 7 8 = CCD tap 8

80MHz 12

40MHz 8

3.3.2 Setting the Camera Throughput

Purpose: In DALSA cameras, the sot command works in conjunction with

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Output throughput. Allowable value is:

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the clm command (see above) and determines the throughput of the camera. The Piranha3 currently only supports a throughput of 320. This may change in future cameras.

sot m m

320 = 4 taps at 80MHz or 8 taps at 40MHz

Piranha 3 User Manual

3.3.3 Setting a Pretrigger

Purpose: Some framegrabbers require a small amount of time (several

pixels) to acquire data from a camera. Pretrigger allows the framegrabber set up time by sending the LVAL signal high several pixels earlier than valid data.

Syntax:

spt i

Syntax Elements: Pretrigger in a range from 0 to 16.

3.4 Data Processing

3.4.1 Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)

Purpose: Sets the pixel range used to collect the end-of-line statistics and sets

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Pixel start number. Must be less than the pixel end number in a

Column start number. Since the Piranha3 is a line scan camera,

the region of pixels used in the

cpa commands.

In most applications, the field of view exceeds the required object size and these extraneous areas should be ignored. It is recommended that you set the region of interest a few pixels inside the actual useable image.

roi x1 y1 x2 y2 x1

range from 1 to sensor resolution.

this value must be 1.

ccg, cao, gl, gla, ccf, ccp, and

Pixel end number. Must be greater than or equal to the pixel

start number in a range from 2 to sensor resolution.

Column end number. Since the Piranha3 is a line scan camera,

Notes:

Related Commands

Example:

this value must be 1.

• To return the current region of interest, use the commands

get roi. ccg, cao, gl, gla, ccf, ccp,els

roi 10 1 50 1

gcp

3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain

Processing Chain Overview and Description

The following diagram shows a simplified block diagram of the camera’s analog and digital processing chain. The analog processing chain begins with an analog gain

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adjustment, followed by an analog offset adjustment. These adjustments are applied to the video analog signal prior to its digitization by an A/D converter.

The digital processing chain contains the FPN correction, the PRNU correction, the background subtract, and the digital gain and offset. All of these elements are user programmable.

Figure 13: Signal Processing Chain

Analog Pro cessi ng

analog video

analog

gain

sag, ccg sao, cao

analog

offset

FPN

coefficients

ccf

Digital Proces sing

PRNU

coefficients

ccp

digital

offset

sdo

background

subtract

ssb

system

gain

ssg, ccg

digital video

Analog Processing

Optimizing offset performance and gain in the analog domain allows you to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range than you would achieve by trying to optimize the offset in the digital domain. As a result, perform all analog adjustments prior to any digital adjustments.

1. Analog gain (

signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter. For example, in a low light situation the brightest part of the image may be consistently coming in at only 50% of the DN. An analog gain of 6 dB (2x) will ensure full use of the dynamic range of the A/D converter. Of course the noise is also increased.

sag or ccg command) is multiplied by the analog signal to increase the

2. The analog offset (

introduced into the video path to ensure that the A/D is functioning properly. The analog offset should be set so that it is at least 3 times the rms noise value at the current gain.

Digital Processing

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

1. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration (calculated using the

subtract away individual pixel dark current.

2. The digital offset (

offset (the analog offset) so that application of the PRNU coefficient doesn’t result in

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sao or cao command) or black level is an “artificial” offset

ccf command) is used to

sdo command) enables the subtraction of the “artificial” A/D

Piranha 3 User Manual

artifacts at low light levels due to the offset value. You may want to set the sdo value if you are not using FPN correction but want to perform PRNU correction.

3. Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) coefficients (calculated using the

cpa commands) are used to correct the difference in responsivity of individual pixels

(i.e. given the same amount of light different pixels will charge up at different rates) and the change in light intensity across the image either because of the light source or due to optical aberrations (e.g. there may be more light in the center of the image). PRNU coefficients are multipliers and are defined to be of a value greater than or equal to 1. This ensures that all pixels will saturate together.

4. Background subtract (

used to increase image contrast after FPN and PRNU calibration. It is useful for systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. For example, if you find that your image is consistently between 128 and 255DN(8 bit), you can subtract off 128 ( multiply by 2 (

ssg 0 8192) to get an output range from 0 to 255.

ssb command) and system (digital) gain (ssg command) are

ssb 2048) and then

ccp or

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)

Flat Field Correction Overview

This camera has the ability to calculate correction coefficients in order to remove nonuniformity in the image. This video correction operates on a pixel-by-pixel basis and implements a two point correction for each pixel. This correction can reduce or eliminate image distortion caused by the following factors:

output

• Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN)

• Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU)

• Lens and light source non-uniformity

Correction is implemented such that for each pixel:

=[(V

- FPN( pixel ) - digital offset) * PRNU(pixel) – Background Subtract] x System Gain

input

where V

PRNU( pixel) = PRNU correction coefficient for this pixel

FPN( pixel ) = FPN correction coefficient for this pixel

Background Subtract = background subtract value

System Gain = digital gain value

The algorithm is performed in two steps. The fixed offset (FPN) is determined first by performing a calibration without any light. This calibration determines exactly how much offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the CCD is not exposed.

The white light calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value (target) for flat, white output. Video output is set slightly above the brightest pixel (depending on offset subtracted).

= digital output pixel value

output

= digital input pixel value from the CCD

input

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Flat Field Correction Restrictions

It is important to do the FPN correction first. Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure. We recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change greater than 10°C occurs or if you change the analog gain, integration time, or line rate.

Note: If your illumination or white reference does not extend the full field of view of the camera, the camera will send a warning.

PRNU correction requires a clean, white reference. The quality of this reference is important for proper calibration. White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction. White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing.

For best results, ensure that:

• 50 or 60 Hz ambient light flicker is sufficiently low not to affect camera performance

and calibration results.

•

For best results, the analog gain should be adjusted for the expected operating conditions and the ratio of the brightest to darkest pixel in a tap should be less than 3 to 1 where:

Brightest Pixel (per tap)

Darkest Pixel (per tap)

•

The camera is capable of operating under a range of 8 to 1, but will clip values larger than this ratio.

• The brightest pixel should be slightly below the target output.

• When 6.25% of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped, flat

field correction results may be inaccurate.

• Correction results are valid only for the current analog gain and offset values. If you

change these values, it is recommended that you recalculate your coefficients.

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Set up the camera operating environment

(i.e. line rate, exposure, offset, gain, etc.)

Set the calibration sample size using

the command css. It is recommended that

you use the default setting.

Set the region of interest to include all of the image’s pixels of importance using the command roi x1 y1 x2 y2. You can use

the default if you want to calibrate all pixels.

Perform FPN calculation

Perform PRNU calculation

1.Stopalllightfromenteringthecamera.(Tip:Coverlenswithalenscap.)

2.Verify thattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthe command  or .Iftherearetoomanyzerosintheoutputdata(morethan6.25%

gl gla

ofoutputdatawithintheroi), automatedalgorithm .Iftheaverageofthe pixelsistoohighforyour application,reducetheanalogoffsetorgainlevel().

3.Issuethecommand .ThecamerawillrespondwithOK>(ifnoerroroccurs). FPNcalculationautomaticallycalibratesFPN

4.Afterthecalibrationiscom plet e,youshouldsavethesesettingstonon‐volatile memorysotheywillbereusableonreboot.To doso,issuethecommands

 wus

and .

5.Toverifyoutput,enable theFPNcoefficientsusingthecommand . You shouldseeclose

PerformPRNUcalculationnexttodeterminethemultiplication factorsrequiredtobringeachpixeltotherequiredvalue(balancetarget)for

flat,white output.

1.Placeawhitereferenceinfrontofthecamera.

2.Verify thattheoutputsignalleveliswithinrangebyissuingthecommand or .If thesignallevelistoolow,increaseyourlightlevel,adjusttheanalog

gla

gain()orusetheautomatedalgorithm .

sag ccgi0i

DALSArecommendsa thegain,FPNcoefficientsshouldberecalculated.

3.Issuethecommand .ThecamerawillrespondwithOK>(ifnoerroroccurs).

4.Afterthecalculation  iscomplete,youcansavethesesettingstonon‐volatile

memorysotheywill To doso,issuethecommandsand

.Enablethecoefficientsusingthecommand, .

cao0

ccf

tozerooutput.

ccp

berememberedafterpower‐downanddirectionchange.

increasetheanalogoffset()orusethe

coefficientsanddigitaloffset.

targetvalueofabout80%ofsaturation.Ifyouchange

wpc wus.

epc11

sao

sag

wfc

epc10

Note: All commands listed above are described in detail in the following sections in the order that they should be performed.

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Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset

All analog signal processing chain commands should be performed prior to FPN and PRNU calibration and prior to digital signal processing commands. All digital processing (digital offset, pixel coefficients, background subtract and digital gain) should be disabled prior to performing analog processing. To disable digital processing, send the following commands:

Setting Analog Gain

Purpose: Sets the camera’s analog gain value. Analog gain is multiplied by

Syntax:

sdo 0 0, epc 0 0, ssb 0 0, ssg 0 4096.

the analog signal to increase the signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter.

sag t f

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap

Gain value in a range from –10 to +10dB in steps of .035

Notes:

Example:

Related Commands:

selection.

(typical).

• To return the current analog gain setting, use the command

gcp or get sag.

sag 0 5.2

ccg

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Calibrating Camera Gain (Automatic Tap Matching)

Purpose: Instead of manually setting the analog gain to a specific value, the

camera can determine appropriate gain values for optimal tap matching. This command calculates and sets the analog gain according to the algorithm determined by the first parameter.

Syntax:

ccg i t i

Syntax Elements:

Calibration algorithm to use.

Tap value. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap

Calculation target value in a range from 1024 to 4055DN

Notes:

Example:

1 = This algorithm adjusts analog gain so that 8% to 13% of

tap region of interest (ROI) pixels are above the specified target value.

2 = This algorithm adjusts analog gain so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target value.

3 = This algorithm adjusts digital gain (ssg) so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target.

4 =

This algorithm adjusts the analog gain so that the

maximum pixel per tap within the ROI of the multi-line average (

selection.

(12 bit LSB).

• This function requires constant light input while executing.

• If very few tap pixels are within the ROI, gain calculation

may not be optimal.

• When all taps are selected, taps outside of the ROI are set to

the average gain of the taps that are within the ROI.

• Perform analog gain algorithms before performing FPN and

PRNU calibration.

• All digital settings affect the analog gain calibration. If you

do not want the digital processing to have any effect on the camera gain calibration, then turn off all digital settings by sending the commands:

ssg 0 4096

ccg 2 0 3040

css command) is equal to the specified target.

sdo 0 0, epc 0 0, ssb 0 0, and

Related Commands:

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sag, ssg

Piranha 3 User Manual

Setting Analog Offset

Purpose: Sets the analog offset. The analog offset should be set so that it is

at least 3 times the rms noise value at the current gain. DALSA configures the analog offset for the noise at the maximum specified gain and as a result you should not need to adjust the analog offset.

Syntax:

sao t i

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap

Offset value in a range from 0 to 255DN (12 bit LSB).

Notes:

Example:

Related Commands:

selection.

• To return the current analog offset value, use the command

gcp or get sao.

sao 3 35

cao

Calibrating Analog Offset

Purpose: Instead of manually setting the analog offset to a specific value,

the camera can determine appropriate offset values. This command calculates and averages each tap’s pixels within the region of interest and sets the offset to achieve the specified average target value.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

cao t i t

Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap selection.

Average target value in a range from 0 to 255DN (12 bit LSB).

• Perform analog offset calibration before performing FPN and

PRNU coefficients.

• To return the current analog offset values, use the command

gcp or get cao.

cao 1 50

Related Commands:

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sao

Piranha 3 User Manual

The following diagrams summarize and provide an example of how analog gain is calibrated when using a region of interest.

In the following example, analog gain is being set for a single tap inside the region of interest. The peak value of the tap is calibrated to the specified target value and all other taps remain unchanged.

Figure 14: Calibrating Analog Gain for a Tap outside of the Region of Interest

4095

2800

o e

d i

Tap 1(odd) Tap 2(even)

Sincetap4iswithintheregionofinterest, tap4gainisadjuste dsothatthepeakvalue issetto2800.Gainvaluesforallothertapsare leftunchanged.

RegionofInterest

Tap 4(even)

Tap 3(odd)

Tap 5(odd) Tap 6(even)



Afteranaloggaincalibration

Beforeanaloggaincalibration

ccg 1 4 2800

Tap 7(odd) Tap 8(even)

9700



Video

122884000

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In the following example, analog gain is being set for a tap outside the region of interest. Since analog gain cannot be set for taps outside the region of interest, an error message is returned and calibration does not occur.

Figure 15: Calibrating Analog Gain for a Tap inside the Region of Interest

Sincetap2iscompletelyoutsidetheregion ofinterest,anerrormessageisreturnedandanalog gaincalibatio ndoesnotoccur.

ccg 1 2 2800

4095

RegionofInterest

2800

o e

d i

Tap 1(odd) Tap 2(even)

Tap 3(odd)

Tap 4(even)

Tap 5(odd)

Tap 6(even)

Afteranaloggaincalibration Beforeanaloggaincalibration



Video

Tap7(odd) Tap8(even)

9700

122884000

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Piranha 3 User Manual

In the following example, analog gain is being set for all taps. The peak value of each tap within the region of interest is calibrated to the specified target value. All taps completely outside the region of interest are calibrated to the average analog gain value of the taps inside the region of interest.

Figure 16: Calibrating Analog Gain for all Taps

4095

RegionofInterest

2800

o e

d i

Video

Tap 1(odd)

Tap 2(even)

Tap 3(odd)

Tap 4(even)

Tap 5(odd) Tap 6(even)

Tap 7(odd)

Tap 8(even)

9700

122884000

PixelNumber

ccg 1 0 2800

Whencalibratingalltaps,tapscompletelyoutsidetheregion ofinterest(inthisexample,interleavedtaps1and2)arecalibratedtothe averageanaloggainoftapswithintheregionofinterest.Tap s withintheregionofinterestcalibratetothetargetvalue.Note:Seams

etweentapswillbevisibleuntilyouperformwhitelightcalibrationusing

ccp

thecommand.

Afteranaloggaincalibration

Beforeanaloggaincalibration



Updating the Gain Reference

To update the analog gain reference:

Purpose: Sets the current analog gain setting to be the 0dB point. This is

useful after tap gain matching allowing you to change the gain on all taps by the same amount.

Syntax:

ugr

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Digital Signal Processing

To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments.

FPN Correction

Performing FPN Correction

Syntax: Performs FPN correction and eliminates FPN noise by subtracting

away individual pixel dark current.

Syntax:

ccf

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

• Perform all analog and digital adjustments before

performing FPN correction.

• Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.

• Refer to

(Flat Field Correction)on page on performing flat field correction.

ccp

ccf

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-Uniformity

35 for a procedural overview

Setting a Pixel’s FPN Coefficient

Purpose: Sets an individual pixel’s FPN coefficient. Syntax

Syntax Elements:

Example:

sfc x i x

The pixel number from 1 to sensor pixel count.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 2048 (12 bit LSB).

sfc 10 50

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)

Setting Digital Offset

Purpose: Sets the digital offset. Digital offset is set to zero when you

Syntax:

perform FPN correction ( perform FPN correction, you can partially remove FPN by adjusting the digital offset.

sdo t i

ccf command). If you are unable to

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 8, or 0 for all taps.

Subtracted offset value in a range from 0 to 2048 where

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

FPN C oefficient= (12 bit LSB Ju stifie d

• When subtracting a digital value from the digital video

signal, the output can no longer reach its maximum unless you apply digital gain using the previous section for details on the

ssg

sdo 0 100

ssg command. See the

ssg command.

PRNU Correction

Performing PRNU Correction to a Camera Calculated Value

Purpose: Performs PRNU correction and eliminates the difference in

responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light.

Syntax

Notes:

Related Commands:

ccp

• Perform all analog adjustments before calculating PRNU.

• Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.

• If FPN cannot be calibrated, use the

rpc command to reset

all coefficients to zero, and save them to memory with the

wfc command. You can then adjust the digital offset (sdo

command) to remove some of the FPN.

• Ensure camera is operating at its expected analog gain,

integration time, and temperature.

• Refer to

Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)on page

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-

35 for a

procedural overview on performing flat field correction.

ccf

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Performing PRNU to a User Entered Value

Purpose: Performs PRNU calibration to user entered value and eliminates the

difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light. Using this command, you must provide a calibration target.

Syntax:

cpa i i

Syntax Elements:

PRNU calibration algorithm to use: 1 = This algorithm first adjusts each tap’s analog gain so that 8-

13% of pixels within a tap are above the value specified in the target value parameter. PRNU calibration then occurs using the peak pixel in the region of interest (ROI).

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target value as shown below:

Target

PRNUCo efficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras. Recommended peak video output before PRNU calibration is 5-20% lower than target. The target value must be greater than the current peak output value.

(AVG PixelValue  )‐(FPN +value)

sdo

This command performs the same function as the cpp command but requires that you enter a target value.

3 = This algorithm includes an analog gain adjustment prior to PRNU calibration. Analog gain is first adjusted so that the peak pixel value in tap’s ROI is within 97 to 99% of the specified target value. It then calculates the PRNU coefficients using the target value as shown below:

Target

PRNUCo efficient=

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

4 = Calculates the PRNU coefficient in the same way as cpa 2 with the exception that this command only calculates PRNU for pixels within the current Region of Interest (ROI).

(AVG  PixelValue  )‐(FPN +value)

sdo

Notes: • Perform all analog adjustments before calibrating PRNU.

03-032-10216-02 DALSA

Peak target value in a range from 1024 to 40554DN.

• Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU. If FPN cannot be

calibrated, use the zero, and save them to memory with the can then adjust the digital offset (

rpc command to reset all coefficients to

wfc command. You

sdo command) to remove

some of the FPN.

• Note: Refer to

Uniformity (Flat Field Correction)on page

Calibrating the Camera to Remove Non-

35 for a procedural

Piranha 3 User Manual

overview on performing flat field correction.

Example:

cpa 1 600

Setting a Pixel’s PRNU Coefficient

Purpose: Sets an individual pixel’s PRNU coefficient. Syntax:

spc i i

Syntax Elements:

Example:

The pixel number from 1 to sensor pixel count.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 28671 where:

prnu coefficient =

spc 1024 10000

1 +

4096

Setting a range of Pixel PRNU Coefficients

Purpose: Sets a range of pixel PRNU coefficients. Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

spr i i x i

The first pixel number of the range.

The last pixel number of the range.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 28671 where:

1 +

4096

Notes:

Example:

prnu coefficient =

• The first pixel of the range must be less than the last.

spr 4001 4096 0

Subtracting Background

Purpose: Use the background subtract command after performing flat field

correction if you want to improve your image in a low contrast scene. It is useful for systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. You should try to make your darkest pixel in the scene equal to zero.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 8, or 0 for all taps.

Subtracted value in a range in DN from 0 to 4095.

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ssb t i t

Piranha 3 User Manual

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example

• When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal

the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use the command to correct for this where:

ssg val ue =

max output value

max output val ue - ssb valu e

See the following section for details on the

ssg

ssb 0 25

ssg command.

ssg

Setting Digital System Gain

Purpose: Improves signal output swing after a background subtract. When

subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal, using the

ssb command, the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use

this command to correct for this where:

max output value

max output value - ssb value

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

ssg value =

ssg t i t

Tap selection. Allowable range is 1 to 8, or 0 for all taps.

Related Commands:

Example:

Gain setting. The gain ranges are 0 to 65535. The digital video values are multiplied by this value where:

Dig ital Ga in =

Use this command in conjunction with the

ssb

ssg 1 15

4096

ssb command.

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Returning Calibration Results and Errors

Returning All Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Returns all the current pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU,

FPN, PRNU… for the range specified by x1 and x2. The camera also returns the pixel number with every fifth coefficient.

Syntax:

dpc x1 x2

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Start pixel to display in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count.

 This function returns all the current pixel coefficients in the

dpc 10 20

End pixel to display in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count.

order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU… The camera also returns the pixel number with each coefficient.

Returning FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Returns a pixel’s FPN coefficient value in DN (12 bit LSB) Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Example:

gfc i i

The pixel number to read in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count.

gfc 10

Setting a Range of FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Sets a range of pixel FPN coefficients. Syntax

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

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sfr x x i x

The first pixel number of the range.

The last pixel number of the range.

Coefficient value in a range from 0-2048.

• The first pixel of the range must be less than the last.

sfr 1 100 80

Piranha 3 User Manual

Returning PRNU Coefficients

Purpose: Returns a pixel’s PRNU coefficient value in DN (12 bit LSB) Syntax:

gpc i

Syntax Elements:

Example:

The pixel number to read in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count.

gpc 10

Enabling and Disabling Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Enables and disables FPN and PRNU coefficients.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients.

PRNU coefficients.

Example:

epc i i

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

epc 0 1

3.4.3 End-of-line Sequence

Purpose: Produces an end-of-line sequence that provides basic calculations

including "line counter", "line sum", "pixels above threshold", "pixels below threshold", and "derivative line sum" within the region of interest. These basic calculations are used to calibrate analog offset (

To further aid in debugging and cable/data path integrity, the first three pixels after Line Valid are "aa", "55", "aa". Refer to the following table. These statistics refer only to pixels within the region of interest.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Notes:

Example:

Table 13: End-of-Line Sequence Description

Location Value Description

1 A’s

2 5’s

els i i

0 1

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

els 1

cao) and calibrate analog gain (ccg).

Disable end-of-line sequence

Enable end-of-line sequence

By ensuring these values consistently toggle between "aa" and "55", you can verify cabling (i.e. no stuck bits)

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Location Value Description

3 A’s

4 4 bit counter LSB justified

5 Line sum (7…0)

6 Line sum (15…8)

7 Line sum (23…16)

8 Line sum (31…24)

9 Pixels above threshold (7…0)

10 Pixels above threshold

(15…8)

11 Pixels below threshold (7…0)

12 Pixels below threshold (15…8)

13 Differential line sum (7..0)

14 Differential line sum (15…8)

15 Differential line sum (23…16)

16 Differential line sum (31…24)

Counter increments by 1. Use this value to verify that every line is output

Use these values to help calculate line average and gain

Monitor these values (either above or below threshold) and adjust camera digital gain and background subtract to maximize scene contrast. This provides a basis for automatic gain control (AGC)

Use these values to focus the camera. Generally, the greater the sum the greater the image contrast and better the focus.

Setting Thresholds

Setting an Upper Threshold

Purpose: Sets the upper threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

sequence.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands: • els, slt

Example:

Setting a Lower Threshold

Purpose: Sets the lower threshold limit to report in the end-of-line

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Upper threshold limit in range from 0 to 4095.

Notes:

Related Commands: • els, sut

Example:

sut i i

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

sut 1024

sequence.

slt i i

• LVAL is not high during the end-of-line statistics.

slt 1024

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3.5 Saving and Restoring Settings

Figure 17: Saving and Restoring Overview

Factory

Settings

rfs, lpc 0

rus lpc,

Current Session

User

Settings

us wpc,wfc,

Factory Settings

On first initialization, the camera operates using the factory settings. You can restore the original factory settings at any time using the command

rfs.

User Settings

You can save or restore your user settings to non-volatile memory using the following commands. Pixel coefficients are stored separately from other data.

• To save all current user settings to EEPROM, use the command automatically restore the saved user settings when powered up.

are being written to nonvolatile memory, do not power down camera or camera memory may be corrupted.

• To restore the last saved user settings, use the command

• To save the current pixel coefficients, use the command

• To restore saved pixel coefficients, use the command

wpc i and wfc i.

lpc i.

wus. The camera will

Note: While settings

rus.

Current Session Settings

These are the current operating settings of your camera. To save these settings to nonvolatile memory, use the command

03-032-10216-02 DALSA

wus.

Piranha 3 User Manual

3.5.1 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients

Saving the Current PRNU Coefficients

Purpose: Saves the current PRNU coefficients. You can save up to four sets

Syntax:

of pixel coefficients

wpc i

Syntax Elements:

PRNU coefficients set to save. 1 = Coefficient set one

Example:

2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

wpc 2

Saving the Current FPN Coefficients

Purpose: Saves the current FPN coefficients. You can save up to four sets of

pixel coefficients

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients set to save. 1 = Coefficient set one

Example:

wfc i i

2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

wfc 2

Loading a Saved Set of Coefficients

Purpose: Loads a saved set of pixel coefficients. A factory calibrated set of

coefficients is available.

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients set to save. 0 = Factory calibrated pixel coefficients.

Example:

lpc i i

1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two

3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

lpc 0

Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients

Purpose: Resets the current pixel coefficients to zero. This command does

not reset saved coefficients.

Syntax:

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rpc

Piranha 3 User Manual

Notes: The digital offset is not reset.

3.5.2 Rebooting the Camera

The command rc reboots the camera. The camera starts up with the last saved settings and the baud rate used before reboot. Previously saved pixel coefficients are also restored.

3.6 Diagnostics

3.6.1 Generating a Test Pattern

Purpose: Generates a test pattern to aid in system debugging. The test

patterns are useful for verifying proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber. The following tables show each available test pattern.

Syntax:

svm i

Syntax Elements:

Example:

0 1

svm 1

Video.

12 bit ramp test pattern.

8 bit step test pattern.

3.6.2 Returning Video Information

The camera’s microcontroller has the ability to read video data. This functionality can be used to verify camera operation and to perform basic testing without having to connect the camera to a frame grabber. This information is also used for collecting line statistics for calibrating the camera.

Returning a Single Line of Video

Purpose: Returns a complete line of video (without pixel coefficients or test

pattern) displaying one pixel value after another. After pixel values have been displayed it also displays the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the line sampled within the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section

3.4.1 Setting a Region of Interest (ROI)). Use the gl command, or the following

the proper video input range into the processing chain before executing any pixel calibration commands.

Syntax:

gl x1 x2

gla command, to ensure

Syntax Elements:

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Pixel start number. Must be less than or equal to the pixel end

number in a range from 1 to sensor resolution.

Pixel end number. Must be greater than or equal to the pixel

Notes:

Related Commands

• Values returned are in 12 bit DN.

roi

start number in a range from 1 to sensor resolution.

Example:

gl 10 20

Returning Averaged Lines of Video

Setting the Number of Lines to Sample

Purpose: Sets the number of lines to sample when using the gla command

or when performing FPN and PRNU calibration .

Syntax:

Syntax Elements: Number of lines to sample. Allowable values are 256, 512,

Notes:

Related Commands: Example:

Returning the Average of Multiple Lines of Video

Purpose: Returns the average for multiple lines of video data (without pixel

Syntax:

css i i

or 1024 (factory setting).

• To return the current setting, use the

css.

gla, ccf, ccp, cpa

css 1024

coefficients or test pattern). The number of lines to sample is set and adjusted by the css command. The camera displays the Min., Max., and Mean statistics for the pixels in the region of interest (the region of interest command is explained in section Region of Interest (ROI)).

gla x1 x2

gcp command or get

3.4.1 Setting a

Syntax Elements:

Column start number. Must be less than or equal to the

Column end number. Must be greater than or equal to the

Notes:

Related Commands:

Example:

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column end number in a range from 1 to column resolution.

• Analog gain, analog offset, digital offset, background subtract,

• Values returned are in 12 bit DN.

css, roi

gla 10 20

column start number in a range from 1 to column resolution.

and digital system gain are applied to the data. FPN and PRNU coefficients are not included in the data.

Piranha 3 User Manual

3.6.3 Temperature Measurement

The temperature of the camera can be determined by using the vt command. This command will return the internal chip case temperature in degrees Celsius. For proper operation, this value should not exceed 75°C.

Note: If the camera reaches 75°C, the camera will shutdown and the LED will flash red. If

this occurs, the camera must be rebooted using the command, down manually. You will not be able to restart the camera until the temperature is less than 65°C. You will have to correct the temperature problem or the camera will shutdown again. The camera allows you to send the this state.

vt (verify temperature) command while it is in

rc or can be powered

3.6.4 Voltage Measurement

The command vv displays the camera’s input voltage. Note that the voltage measurement feature of the camera provides only approximate results (typically within 10%). The measurement should not be used to set the applied voltage to the camera but only used as a test to isolate gross problems with the supply voltage.

3.6.5 Camera Frequency Measurement

Purpose: Returns the frequency for the requested Camera Link control

signal

Syntax:

Syntax Elements:

Camera Link control signal to measure:

Example:

gsf i i

1: CC1 (EXSYNC) 2: CC2 (PRIN) 3: CC3 (Spare) 4: CC4 (Spare)

gsf 1

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3.6.6 Returning Camera Settings

Returning All Camera Settings with the Camera Parameter Screen

The camera parameter (gcp) screen returns all of the camera’s current settings. The table below lists all of the gcp screen settings.

To read all current camera settings, use the command:

Syntax:

GCP Screen Desctiption

GENERAL CAMERA SETTINGS

Camera Model No.: P3-xx-xxxxx

gcp

Camera model number.

Camera Serial No.: xxxxxxxxx Firmware Design Rev.: xx-xx-xxxxx-xx

CGI Version: 03-81-xxxxx-xx

FPGA Design Rev.: xxx.xx

UART Baud Rate: 9600

Exposure Mode: 2

SYNC Frequency: 5000 Hz

Internal Exposure Time: 50 uSec

Video Mode: video

Camera serial number.

Firmware design revision number.

CGI version. Part of FPGA firmware.

DSP design revision number.

Serial communication connection speed set with the

sbr command. See

Setting Baud Rate on page 24 for details.

Current exposure mode value set with the command. See section

3.2.1 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time for details.

Current line rate. Value is set with the command. See section

3.2.1 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time for details.

Current exposure time setting. Value is set with the

set command. See

section

3.2.1 Exposure Mode, Line Rate and Exposure Time for details.

Current video mode value set with the command. See section

3.6.1 Generating a Test Pattern for details.

sem

ssf

svm

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Region of Interest: (1,1) to (12288, 1)

End-Of-Line Sequence: on

FFC Coefficient Set: 0

FPN Coefficients: off

PRNU Coefficients: off

Number of Line Samples: 256

Upper Threshold 0

Lower Threshold 4095

Camera Link Mode: 21, Full, 8 taps, 8

bits, no time MUX

Region of interest size set with the See section Region of Interest (ROI) for details.

States whether an end of line sequence is turned on or off. Set using the command. See section

3.4.3 End-of-line Sequence for details.

Current pixel coefficient set loaded. Refer to section Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

States whether FPN coefficients are on or off. Set with the command. Refer to section

3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

States whether PRNU coefficients are on or off. Set with the command. Refer to section

3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Number of lines samples set with the command. See section

3.6.2 Returning Video Information for details.

Upper threshold value set with the

See section line Sequence for details.

Lower threshold value set with the See section line Sequence for details.

Camera Link mode set with the See section the Camera Link Mode for details.

roi command.

3.4.1 Setting a

els

3.5.1 Saving and

epc

css

sut command.

3.4.3 End-of-

slt command.

3.4.3 End-of-

clm command.

3.3.1 Setting

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Output Throughput: 320

Pretrigger 0

Analog Gain (dB): 3.0 3.0 3.0

3.0 3.0 3.0

3.0 3.0

Analog Reference Gain (dB):

Total Analog Gain (dB): 6.0 6.0 6.0

Analog Offset: 100 100 100

Digital Offset:

Background Subtract: 150 150 150

System Gain: 125 125 125

3.0 3.0 3.0

3.0

6.0

100 100 100 100 100

0 50 50 50

50 50 50 50

150 150 150 150 150

125 125 125 125 125

Camera throughput value set with the command. Throughput is set to 320 and is not configurable in the Piranha3 camera. See section Camera Throughput for details.

Pretrigger set with the spt command. See section

3.3.3 Setting a Pretrigger. Analog gain settings set

with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Analog reference gain set with the ugr command.

See section Processing for details.

This is the sum of the analog gain and analog gain reference values and is the total analog gain being used by the camera.

Analog offset settings set with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Digital offset settings set with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Background subtract settings set with the command. See section

3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Digital gain settings set with the See section and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

sot

3.3.2 Setting the

sag command.

3.4.2 Analog

Analog Signal

sao command.

3.4.2 Analog

sdo command.

3.4.2 Analog

ssb

ssg command.

3.4.2 Analog

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Returning Camera Settings with Get Commands

You can also return individual camera settings by inserting a “get” in front of the command that you want to query. If the command has a tap or pixel number parameter, you must also insert the tap number or pixel number that you want to query. Refer to Table 14 below for a list of available commands. To view a help screen listing the following get commands, use the command

Table 14: Get Commands

Syntax Parameters Description

get cao

get ccf

get ccp

get clm

x1 x2

Returns the analog offset for the tap indicated t = tap selection, either 1 to 8, or 0 for all taps

Returns the FPN pixel coefficients for the pixel range indicated.

x1 = Pixel start number x2= Pixel end number

Returns the PRNU pixel coefficients for the pixel range indicated.

x1 = Pixel start number x2= Pixel end number

Returns the current Camera Link mode.

gh.

get css

get els

get epc

get gcm

get gcs

get gcv

get gfc

get gl

x1 x2

Returns the number of line samples averaged for pixel coefficient calculations or for output of gla command.

Returns whether the end-of-line statistics are turned off or on.

0: Off 1: On

Returns whether pixel coefficients are enabled or disabled.

The first parameter returns the FPN coefficients setting where:

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

The second parameter returns the PRNU coefficients setting where:

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

Returns the camera’s model number

Returns the camera’s serial number

Returns the camera’s software version.

Returns the FPN pixel coefficient for the pixel indicated.

Returns pixel values for the pixel range specified.

get gla

get gsf

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x1 x2

Returns the average of the pixel range indicated.

Returns the frequency of the Camera Link control signal indicated, either 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Piranha 3 User Manual

Syntax Parameters Description

get lpc

Returns the current coefficient set number.

get rfs

get roi

get rus

get sag

get sao

get sbr

get sdo

get sem

get sfc

get sgr

Returns whether factory settings have been saved. The camera always returns 1 (factory settings have been saved).

Returns the current region of interest.

Returns whether user settings have been saved.

0 = No user settings saved 1 = User settings have been saved

Returns the analog gain in dB for the tap indicated t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap

selection.

Returns the analog offset for the tap indicated. t = 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap selection.

Returns the speed of camera serial communication port.

Returns the digital offset value in DN for the tap indicated.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap selection.

Returns the current exposure mode:

3 = External SYNC, maximum exposure time 7 = Internal programmable SYNC, maximum exposure

time. Factory setting.

Returns the FPN coefficient for the pixel number idicated.

x =pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count.

Returns the current analog gain reference value in dB.

get slt

get sot

get spc

get spt

get ssb

get ssf

get ssg

get sut

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Returns the current lower threshold value.

Returns the Camera Link strobe rate.

Returns the PRNU coefficient for the specified pixel number.

x=pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count.

Returns the current pretrigger value.

Returns the current background subtract value. t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap

selection.

Returns the current line/frame rate in Hz.

Returns the current digital gain setting. t = tap selection, either 1 to 8, or 0 for all taps

Returns the current uppder threshold value.

Piranha 3 User Manual

Syntax Parameters Description

get svm

get ugr

Returns the current video mode.

0: Normal video mode 1: Test pattern 2: Test pattern 3: Test pattern

Returns the gain reference value

get vt

get vv

get wfc

get wpc

get wus

Returns the camera’s internal chip temperature in degrees Celsius.

Returns the camera’s supply voltage.

Returns whether FPN coefficients have been saved.

0 = No FPN coefficients saved 1 = Pixel coefficients have been saved

Returns whether PRNU coefficients have been saved.

0 = No PRNU coefficients saved 1 = Pixel coefficients have been saved

Returns whether user settings have been saved.

0 = No user settings saved 1 = User settings have been saved

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Optical and Mechanical Considerations

4.1Mechanical Interface

Figure 18: Piranha3 Mechanical Drawing

6.56±0.25 CCD OPTICAL IMAGING DISTANCE (FROM TOP OF CCD TO DATUM A)

3.2 (4X)

13.5 (2X)

55.0 (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (4X)

(95.0)

(12.0)

(75.0)

(27.0)

(53.0)

(80.0)

55.012.5

(108.1) (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (2X)

3.2 (2X)

(150.0)

86.0

M72 x 0.75 x 4.0 DEEP

PIXEL 1

45.00±0.0 5

CCD IMAGING CENTER

ø3.00 x 4.0 DEEP

15.0

RECOMMEN DE D AIRFLOW

+0.02

-0.00

11.5 (4X)

73.0 (4X)

25.00±0.05 CCD

IMAGING

CENTER

DETAIL A ( 1.50 : 1 )

50.0

73.0 (2X)

8.5 (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (8X)

IMAGE PLANE //1.0

WITH RESPECT

TO DATUM A.

96.0 (2X)

142.0 (2X)

ø3.00 x 4.0 DEEP

(29.0)

(35.3)

(42.0)

NOTE:

1) CCD IMAGING CENTER IS PLACED SYMMETRICAL WITH RESPECT TO THE CENTER OF THE FOUR M3x0.5 MOUNT HOLES.

2) ROTATION OF THE CCD

+0.02

-0.00

IMAGING AREA IS ±0.4 DEGREES.

3) LENS MOUNT POSITION WITH RESPECT TO CCD IMAGING CENTER: X-Y ±0.12MM

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Figure 19:: Piranha3 Square Mechanical Drawing

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (4X)

85.0

73.0 (2X)

6.0 (2X)

PIXEL 1

36.5 (2X)

40.00±0.05 CCD

IMAGING CENTER

12.5

80.0

73.0 (2X)

55.0

36.5 (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (2X)

42.50±0.05 CCD

IMAGING CENTER

M72 x 0.75 x 4.0 DEEP

6.56 0.25

CCD IMAGING DISTANCE (FROM TOP OF CCD TO DATUM A)

(54.2)

(49.5)

6.0 (4X)

15.0 (2X)

55.0 (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (4X)

(60.1)

(14.1)

(38.7)

(29.8) 2X

(49.9)

(72.5)

(69.4)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (4X)

85.0

6.0 (2X)

73.0 (2X)

PIXEL 1

Figure 20:: Piranha3 square with heat sink Mechanical Drawing

80.0

36.5 (2X)

40.00±0.05 CCD

IMAGING CENTER

73.0 (2X)

42.50±0.05 IMAGING

CENTER

36.5 (2X)

M72 x 0.75 x 4.0 DEEP

6.56 0.25 CCD IMAGING DISTANCE (FROM TOP OF CCD TO DATUM A)

CCD

(72.5)

(54.2)

(49.5)

6.0 (4X)

15.0 (2X)

55.0 (2X)

M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (4X)

(60.1)

(14.1)

(38.7)

(29.8) 2X

RECOMMENDED AIRFLOW

(49.9)

(72.5)

(69.4)

12.5

55.0

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M3x0.5 x 6.0 DEEP (2X)

Piranha 3 User Manual

4.2 Lens Mounts

Model Number Lens Mount Options

P3-80-08k40 M72x0.75

P3-80-12k40 M72x0.75

Mount Back Focal Distance (sensor die to adapter)

M72 6.56±0.25mm

4.3 Optical Interface

Illumination

The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend on the particular application. Factors include the nature, speed, and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged, exposure times, light source characteristics, environmental and acquisition system specifics, and more. DALSA’s Web site, provides an introduction to this potentially complicated issue. See “Radiometry and Photo Responsivity” and "Sensitivities in Photometric Units" in the CCD Technology Primer found under the Application Support link.

http://vfm.dalsa.com/,

It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination. The total amount of energy (which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor) is more important than the rate at which it arrives. For example, 5μJ/cm exposing 5mW/cm

for 1ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5W/cm2 for 1μs.

can be achieved by

Light Sources

Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source:

• LED light sources are relatively inexpensive, provide a uniform field, and longer life span compared to other light sources. However, they also require a camera with excellent sensitivity, such as the Piranha3 cameras.

• Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to IR.

• Fiber-optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR.

• Some light sources age; over their life span they produce less light. This aging may not be uniform—a light source may produce progressively less light in some areas of the spectrum but not others.

Filters

CCD cameras are extremely responsive to infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. To prevent infrared from distorting the images you scan, use a “hot mirror” or IR cutoff filter that transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 750nm. Examples are the Schneider Optics™ B+W 489, which includes a mounting ring, the CORION™ LS750, which does not include a mounting ring, and the CORION™ HR-750 series hot mirror.

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Lens Modeling

Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary points: the first and second principal points and the second focal point. The primary points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens manufacturer. Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens. That is, h is the object height and h

The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus. The effective focal length (f second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first principal point to the object.

Figure 21: Primary Points in a Lens System

′

is the image height.

′

) is the distance from the second principal point to the

Magnification and Resolution

The magnification of a lens is the ratio of the image size to the object size:

′

By similar triangles, the magnification is alternatively given by:

′

hfOD

μμm

mmmOD

′

These equations can be combined to give their most useful form:

Example: An acquisition system has a 512 x 512 element, 10μm pixel pitch area scan camera, a lens with an effective focal length of 45mm, and requires that 100μm in the object space correspond to each pixel in the image sensor. Using the preceding equation, the object distance must be 450mm (0.450m).

100

where m is the magnification, h’ is the image height (pixel size) and h is the object height (desired object resolution size).

This is the governing equation for many object and image plane parameters.

450 0 450

OD mm m==(. )

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Troubleshooting

The information in this chapter can help you solve problems that may occur during the setup of your camera. Remember that the camera is part of the entire acquisition system. You may have to troubleshoot any or all of the following:

• power supplies • cabling

• frame grabber hardware & software • host computer

• light sources • optics

• operating environment • encoder

Your steps in dealing with a technical problem should be:

1. Try the general and specific solutions listed in sections 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3.

2. If these solutions do not resolve your problem, see section 5.4 on getting product support.

5.1 Common Solutions

Connections

The first step in troubleshooting is to verify that your camera has all the correct connections.

Power Supply Voltages

Check for the presence of all voltages at the camera power connector. Verify that all grounds are connected.

Data Clocking/Output Signals

To validate cable integrity, have the camera send out a test pattern and verify it is being properly received. Refer to section on running test patterns.

3.6.1 Generating a Test Pattern for further information

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5.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface

Communications

To quickly verify serial communications send the h (help) command. By sending the h and receiving the help menu, the serial communications are verified. If further problems persist, review Appendix B for more information on communications.

Verify Parameters

To verify the camera setup, send the gcp (get camera parameters) command.

Verify Factory Calibrated Settings

To restore the camera’s factory settings send the rfs command.

After executing this command send the

Verify Timing and Digital Video Path

Use the test pattern feature to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber and verify the proper output along the digital processing chain.

Verify Voltage

To check the camera’s input voltages, use the vv command. Make sure the voltage is within the proper range (+12V to +15V). If a problem still persists, contact Technical Support. See section

5.3 Specific Solutions

No Output or Erratic Behavior

If your camera provides no output or behaves erratically, it may be picking up random noise from long cables acting as antennae. Do not attach wires to unused pins. Verify that the camera is not receiving spurious inputs (e.g. EXSYNC, if camera is using an internal signal for synchronization).

gcp command to verify the factory settings.

5.4 Product Support for contact information.

Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Line rate

Verify that the frequency of the internal sync is set correctly.

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Noisy Output

Check your power supply voltage outputs for noise. Noise present on these lines can result in poor video quality. Low quality or non-twisted pair cable can also add noise to the video output.

Dark Patches

If dark patches appear in your output the optics path may have become contaminated. Clean your lenses and sensor windows with extreme care.

1. Take standard ESD precautions.

2. Wear latex gloves or finger cots

3. Blow off dust using a filtered blow bottle or dry, filtered compressed air.

4. Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissue (approx. 3" x 5") to make a square pad that is approximately one finger-width

5. Moisten the pad on one edge with 2-3 drops of clean solvent—either alcohol or acetone. Do not saturate the entire pad with solvent.

6. Wipe across the length of the window in one direction with the moistened end first, followed by the rest of the pad. The dry part of the pad should follow the moistened end. The goal is to prevent solvent from evaporating from the window surface, as this will end up leaving residue and streaking behind.

7. Repeat steps 2-4 using a clean tissue until the entire window has been cleaned.

Blow off any adhering fibers or particles using dry, filtered compressed air.

Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Image

A faulty or irregular encoder signal that is applied as the EXSYNC signal may result in horizontal lines due to exposure time fluctuations; ensure that your exposure time is regular. If you have verified that your exposure time is consistent and patterns of low frequency intensity variations still occur, ensure that you are using a DC or high frequency light source and that no ambient light is affecting your system.

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5.4 Product Support

If there is a problem with your camera, collect the following data about your application and situation and call your DALSA representative.

Note: You may also want to photocopy this page to fax to DALSA.

Customer name

Organization name

Customer phone number fax number

Complete Product Model Number

(e.g. P3-80-08k40...)

Complete Serial Number

Your DALSA Agent or Dealer

Acquisition System hardware (frame grabber, host computer, light sources, etc.)

Acquisition System software (version, OS, etc.)

Power supplies and current draw

Data rate used

Control signals used in your application, and their frequency or state (if applicable)

Results when you run the gcp command

Detailed description of problem encountered.

In addition to your local DALSA representative, you may need to call DALSA Technical Sales Support:

 EXSYNC  BIN  MCLK  Other _______

please attach text received from the camera after initiating the command

please attach description with as much detail as appropriate

North America Europe Asia

Voice:

Fax:

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519-886-6000 +49-8142-46770 519-886-6000

519-886-8023 +49-8142-467746 519-886-8023

Piranha 3 User Manual

Appendix A

Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table

Camera Link is a communication interface for vision applications. It provides a connectivity standard between cameras and frame grabbers. A standard cable connection will reduce manufacturers’ support time and greatly reduce the level of complexity and time needed for customers to successfully integrate high speed cameras with frame grabbers. This is particularly relevant as signal and data transmissions increase both in complexity and throughput. A standard cable/connector assembly will also enable customers to take advantage of volume pricing, thus reducing costs.

The camera link standard is intended to be extremely flexible in order to meet the needs of different camera and frame grabber manufacturers.

The

DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map (available at

http://vfm.dalsa.com/support/appnotes/00450-00_0332_DALSA_Camera_Link_Road_Map.pdf) details how DALSA standardizes its use of the Camera Link interface.

LVDS Technical Description

Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is a high-speed, low-power general purpose interface standard. The standard, known as ANSI/TIA/EIA-644, was approved in March

1996. LVDS uses differential signaling, with a nominal signal swing of 350mV differential.

The low signal swing decreases rise and fall times to achieve a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 1.923 Gbps into a loss-less medium. The low signal swing also means that the standard is not dependent on a particular supply voltage. LVDS uses currentmode drivers, which limit power consumption. The differential signals are immune to ±1 V common volt noise.

Camera Signal Requirements

This section provides definitions for the signals used in the Camera Link interface. The standard Camera Link cable provides camera control signals, serial communication, and video data.

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Video Data

The Channel Link technology is integral to the transmission of video data. Image data and image enable signals are transmitted on the Channel Link bus. Four enable signals are defined as:

• FVAL—Frame Valid (FVAL) is defined HIGH for valid lines.

• LVAL—Line Valid (LVAL) is defined HIGH for valid pixels.

• DVAL—Data Valid (DVAL) is defined HIGH when data is valid.

• Spare— A spare has been defined for future use.

All four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip. All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera. For more information on image data bit allocations, refer to the official Camera Link specification on the

http://vfm.dalsa.com Web site.

Camera Control Signals

Four LVDS pairs are reserved for general-purpose camera control. They are defined as camera inputs and frame grabber outputs. Camera manufacturers can define these signals to meet their needs for a particular product. The signals are:

• Camera Control 1 (CC1)

• Camera Control 2 (CC2)

• Camera Control 3 (CC3)

• Camera Control 4 (CC4)

The Piranha3 uses the following camera control signals:

Table 15: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

C1 EXSYNC, negative edge active

CC2 PRIN

CC3 Not Used

CC4 Not Used

Communication

Two LVDS pairs have been allocated for asynchronous serial communication to and from the camera and frame grabber. Cameras and frame grabbers should support at least 9600 baud. These signals are

• SerTFG—Differential pair with serial communications to the frame grabber.

• SerTC—Differential pair with serial communications to the camera.

The serial interface will have the following characteristics: one start bit, one stop bit, no parity, and no handshaking. It is recommended that frame grabber manufacturers supply both a user interface and a software application programmming interface (API) for using the asynchronous serial communication port. The user interface will consist of a terminal program with minimal capabilities of sending and receiving a character string and sending a file of bytes. The software API will provide functions to enumerate boards and

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send or receive a character string. See Appendix B in the Official Camera Link specification on the

http://vfm.dalsa.com Web site.

Power

Power will not be provided on the Camera Link connector. The camera will receive power through a separate cable. Camera manufacturers will define their own power connector, current, and voltage requirements.

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Appendix B

Error Handling and Command List

B1 Error Handling

The following table lists warning and error messages and provides a description and possible cause.

Table 16: Warning and Error Messages

Message Description

OK> SUCCESS

Warning 01: Outside of specification>

Warning 02: Clipped to min>

Warning 03: Clipped to max>

Warning 04: Related parameters adjusted>

Warning 05: Missing codes – insufficient digital gain>

Warning 06: Missing codes – too much digital gain>

Warning 07: Coefficient may be inaccurate A/D clipping has occurred>

Warning 08: Greater than 1% of coefficients have been clipped

Message Description

Error 01: Internal error xx>

Parameter accepted was outside of specified operating range (e.g. gain greater than ±10 dB of factory setting).

Parameter was clipped to the current operating range. Use GCP to see value used.

Output when the digital gain is such that missing codes are to be expected due to not enough digital gain.

Output when the digital gain is such that missing codes are to be expected due to too much digital gain.

In the region of interest (ROI) greater than 6.251% single or 1% of averaged pixel values were zero or saturated.

A FPN/PRNU has been calculated to be greater than the maximum allowable 511 (8).

Output only in “diagnostic mode” or self check at power or reset camera. Where xx is a code.

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Message Description

Error 02: Unrecognized command>

Error 03: Incorrect number of parameters>

Error 04: Incorrect parameter value>

Error 05: Command unavailable in this mode>

Error 06: Timeout> Command not completed in time. Eg FPN/PRNU calculation when

Error 07: Camera settings not saved>

Error 08: Unable to calibrate - tap outside ROI>

Error 09: The camera's temperature exceeds the specified operating range>

Command is not available in the current access level or it is not a valid command.

This response returned for

· Alpha received for numeric or vice versa

· Not an element of the set of possible values. E.g., Baud Rate

· Outside the range limit

Command is valid at this level of access, but not effective. Eg line rate when in smart Exsync mode

no external exsync is present. Tried saving camera settings (rfs/rus) but they cannot be saved.

Cannot calibrate a tap that is not part of the end of line statistics.

Indicates that the camera has shut itself down to prevent damage from further overheating.

B2 All Available Commands

Parameters:

i = integer t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string x1 = horizontal pixel start number x2 = horizontal pixel end

number y1 = vertical pixel start number y2 = vertical pixel end number

As a quick reference, the following table lists all of the commands available to the camera user. For detailed information on using these commands, refer to Chapter 3.

Command Syntax Parameters Description

calibrate analog offset

correction calibrate fpn

cao

ccf

t i

Start FPN coefficient calibration. Refer to

Calibrates the analog gain and averages each tap’s pixels within the ROI to the specified average target value.

t = tap selection, either 1 to number of CCD taps

i = target value in a range from 0 to 255DN (12-bit LSB)

Refer to Setting Analog Gain and Offset for details.

section 3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

, or 0 for all taps

Analog Signal Processing:

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Command Syntax Parameters Description

calculate camera gain

correction calibrate prnu

camera link mode

ccg

ccp

clm i

i t i

Calculates the camera gain and optimizes tap matching according to the selected algorithm.

i = Calibration algorithm to use.

1 = This algorithm adjusts analog

gain so that 8% to 13% of tap ROI pixels are above the specified target value.

2 = This algorithm adjusts analog

gain so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target value.

3 = This algorithm adjusts digital

gain so that the average pixel value in tap’s ROI is equal to the specified target.

4 = This algorithm adjusts the analog

gain so that all tap ROI pixels are within 98% of the specified target value and then performs a PRNU correction.

t = Tap value. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for individual tap selection.

i = Calibration target value in a range

from

1024 to 4055DN (12 bit LSB).

Start PRNU coefficient calibration. Refer to section 3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain for details.

Sets the Camera Link configuration, number of Camera Link taps, and data bit depth.

15: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 8 bit

output

16: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 12 bit

output

21: Full configuration, 8 taps, 8 bit

output Refer to section

Link Mode for details.

3.3.1 Setting the Camera

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Command Syntax Parameters Description

calculate PRNU algorithm

correction set sample

cpa

i i

css m

Performs PRNU calibration according to the selected algorithm.

The first parameter is the algorithm where i is:

1 = This algorithm first adjusts each tap’s

analog gain so that 8-13% of pixels within a tap are above the value specified in the target value parameter. PRNU calibration then occurs using the peak pixel in the region of interest. (Identical to ccp i)

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients

using the entered target value as shown below:

PRNU Coefficie nt =

(AVG Pix el Value) - (FP N + v alue

Targe

calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

3 = This algorithm includes an analog

gain adjustment prior to PRNU calibration. Analog gain is first adjusted so that the peak pixel value in tap’s ROI is within 97 to 99% of the specified target value. It then calculates the PRNU coefficients using the target value as shown below:

PRNUCoefficient=

(AVGPixelValu e) ‐(FPN+value)

Tar g et

The calculation is performed for all sensor pixels but warnings are only applied to pixels in the region of interest. This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

The second parameter is the target value to use in a range from 1024 to 4055DN.

section 3.4.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain

4 = This algorithm is the same as 2 with

the exception that it only calculates PRNU for the pixels within the current Region of Interest (ROI).

The second parameter is the target value to use in a range from 1024 to 4055DN.

Set number of line samples averaged for pixel coefficient calculations or for output of

gla command. Values: 256,

512, 1024.

Refer to Video on page

Returning Averaged Lines of

55 for details.

sdo

The

sdo

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Command Syntax Parameters Description

display pixel coeffs

end of line sequence

enable pixel coefficients

get camera model

get camera parameters

get camera serial

get camera version

get commands

get fpn coeff

get help

get line

dpc x1 x2

els i

epc i i

gcm gcp gcs gcv

get

gfc x

gh gl x1 x2

Reads the camera model number.

Reads all of the camera parameters.

Read the camera serial number.

Read the firmware version and FPGA

Retrieves camera settings for the

Displays the pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN, PRNU, …

x1 = Pixel start number x2 = Pixel end number

in a range from 1 to sensor pixel

count.

Refer to Returning Calibration Results and Errors on page 49 for details.

Sets the end-of-line sequence:

0: Off 1: On

Refer to section Sequence for details.

Sets whether pixel coefficients are enabled or disabled.

The first parameter sets the FPN coefficients where i is:

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

The second parameter sets the PRNU coefficients where i is:

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

Refer to section Enabling and Disabling Pixel Coefficients on page 49 for details.

version.

command name specified. Refer to

Get Commands on page

Read the FPN coefficient

i = pixel number to read in a range from 1 – sensor pixel count.

Refer to Returning Calibration Results and Errors on page 49 for details.

Lists all of the available get commands.

Get a line of video (not including FPN and PRNU coefficients) displaying one pixel value after another and the minimum, maximum, and mean value of the sampled line.

x1 = Pixel start number x2 = Pixel end number

in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count. Refer to Returning a Single Line of Video

on page 54 for details.

Returning Camera Settings with

3.4.3 End-of-line

60 for details.

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Command Syntax Parameters Description

get line average

get prnu coeff

get signal frequency

get sensor serial

help

load pixel coefficients

reset camera

restore factory settings

region of interest

reset pixel coeffs

restore user settings

gla x1 x2

gpc i

gsf i

gss

lpc i

rc rfs

roi x1 y1 x2

rpc

rus

Read the sensor serial number

Display the online help. Refer to on page

Reset the entire camera (reboot).

Restore the camera’s factory settings.

Reset the pixel coefficients to 0. Refer to

Restore the camera's last saved user

Read the average of line samples.

x1 = Pixel start number x2 = Pixel end number

in a range from

count

Refer to Video on page

Read the PRNU coefficient.

i = pixel number to read in a range from

1 to sensor pixel count. Refer to Returning Calibration Results

and Errors on page 49 for details.

Read the current sync frequency.

1: CC1 (EXSYNC) 2: CC2 (PRIN) 3: CC3 (Spare) 4: CC4 (Spare)

Refer to section Measurement for details.

24 for details.

Loads the previously saved pixel coefficients from non-volatile memory where i is:

0 = Factory calibrated coefficients 1 = Coefficient set one 2 = Coefficient set two 3 = Coefficient set three 4 = Coefficient set four

Refer to 3.5.1 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

FPN and PRNU coefficients reset to 0. Refer to section 3.5 Saving and Restoring Settings for details.

Sets the pixel range affected by the cag, cao, gl, gla, ccf, and ccp commands. The parameters are the pixel start and end values (x) and the column start and end values (y) in a range from 1 to sensor pixel count. Refer to section a Region of Interest (ROI) for details.

Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients on page 53 for details.

settings and FPN and PRNU coefficients. Refer to section Settings for details.

1 to sensor pixel

Returning Averaged Lines of

45 for details.

3.6.5 Camera Frequency

3.5 Saving and Restoring

3.4.1 Setting

03-032-10216-02 DALSA

Piranha 3 User Manual

Command Syntax Parameters Description

set analog gain

set analog offset

set baud rate

set digital offset

set exposure mode

set exposure time

sag t f

sao t i

sbr i

sdo t i

sem

set f

m Set the exposure mode:

Sets the analog offset.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1-8 for

individual tap selection.

f= gain value specified from –10 to +10

Refer to Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset on page 38 for details.

Sets the analog offset.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1-8 for

individual tap selection.

i= Offset value in a range from 0 to 255.

Offset increases with higher values. Refer to

Setting Analog Gain and Offset on page 38 for details.

Set the speed of camera serial communication port. Baud rates: 9600,

19200, 57600, and 115200. Default:

9600. Refer to section Setting Baud Rate on page 24 for details.

Subtracts the input value from the video signal prior to FPN correction.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for

individual tap selection.

i = Offset in a range from 0 to 2048DN.

Refer to Setting Digital Offset on page

details.

2 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable line rate and exposure time using commands ssf and set

3 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

maximum exposure time

4 = Smart EXSYNC 5 = External SYNC and PRIN 6 = External SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time

7 = Internal programmable SYNC,

maximum exposure time. Factory setting.

8 = Internal SYNC, internal PRIN,

programmable exposure time. Maximum line rate for exposure time.

Sets the exposure time. Refer to the camera help screen ( allowable range.

Analog Signal Processing:

h command) for

45 for

DALSA 03-032-10216-02

Piranha 3 User Manual

Command Syntax Parameters Description

set fpn coeff

set fpn range

set lower threshold

set output throughput

set prnu coeff

set prnu range

set pretrigger

set subtract background

sfc x i

sfr x x i

slt

sot m

spc x i

spr i i x

spt i ssb t i

Set the FPN coefficient.

x =pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count.

i= FPN value within the range 0 to

2048.

Refer to on page

Set a range of pixel FPN coefficients

x=first pixel number of the range. x =last pixel number of the range i =coefficient value in a range from O to

2048.

Refer to Setting a Range of FPN Coefficients on page 49 for details.

Sets the lower threshold that is checked for and reported in the end-of-line sequence in a value from to section details.

This command works in conjunction with the clm command and determines the pixel rate of the camera.

320 = 4 taps at 80MHz or 8 taps at

40MHz This command is currently not

configurable in the Piranha3 camera.

Set the PRNU coefficient.

x =pixel number within the range 1 to sensor pixel count.

i= PRNU value within the range 0 to

28671.

Refer to on page

Set a range of pixel PRNU coefficients

i=first pixel number of the range i=last pixel number of the range x=coefficient value in a range from 0 to

28671.

Refer to Setting a Range of PRNU Coefficients on page 47 for details.

Set the pretrigger to a value from 0 to 16.

Subtract the input value from the output signal.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for

individual tap selection.

i = Subtracted value in a range from 0 to

4095.

Refer to on page

Setting a Pixel’s FPN Coefficient 44 for details.

0-4095. Refer

3.4.3 End-of-line Sequence for

46 for details.

44 for details.

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Command Syntax Parameters Description

set sync frequency

set system gain

set upper threshold

set video mode

update gain reference

verify temperature

verify voltage

write FPN coefficients

write pixel coeffs

ssf i

ssg t i

sut i

svm i

ugr

vv wfc

wpc

Changes the 0dB gain to equal the

Get the internal temperature of the

Get the camera input voltage

Set the frame rate to a value from: 12k: 300-23619Hz 8k: 300-33855Hz

Value rounded up/down as required. Refer to section 3.2.1 Exposure Mode,

Line Rate and Exposure Time for details.

Set the digital gain.

t = Tap value. 0 for all taps or 1 to 8 for

individual tap selection.

i = Gain value is specified from 0 to

65535. The digital video values are

multiplied by this number. Refer to

page

Set upper threshold that is check for and reported in the end-of-line sequence to a value from 0-4095. Refer to section 3.4.3 End-of-line Sequence for details.

Switch between normal video mode and test patterns:

0: Normal video mode 1: 12 bit ramp test pattern 2: 8 bit step test pattern

Refer to section Pattern for details.

current analog gain value set with the

sag command.

camera

Write all current FPN coefficients to EEROM where

1 = FPN coefficient set one 2 = FPN coefficient set two 3 = FPN coefficient set three 4 = FPN coefficient set four

Refer to section Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

Write all current PRNU coefficients to EEROM where i is:

1 = PRNU coefficient set one 2 = PRNU coefficient set two 3 = PRNU coefficient set three 4 = PRNU coefficient set four

Refer to section 3.5.1 Saving and Restoring PRNU and FPN Coefficients for details.

Setting Digital System Gain on

48 for details.

3.6.1 Generating a Test

i is:

3.5.1 Saving and

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Piranha 3 User Manual

write user settings

wus

Write all of the user settings to EEROM.

Refer to section Settings for details.

3.5 Saving and Restoring

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Appendix C

EMC Declaration of Conformity

We,

declare under sole responsibility, that the product(s):

fulfill(s) the requirements of the standard(s)

EMC:

This product complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and carries the CE mark accordingly.

DALSA 605 McMurray Rd., Waterloo, ON CANADA N2V 2E9

P3-80-08k40 P3-80-12k40 P3-87-08k40 P3-87-12k40 P3-87-12k40-01

CISPR 11:2004 / EN 55011:2003, CLASS A, GROUP1

IEC/EN 61000-3-2:2001 IEC/EN 61000-3-3:2001 EN 61326:2001 / IEC 61326:2002 IEC/EN 61000-4-2:2001

IEC/EN 61000-4-3:2002/ENV 50204 IEC/EN 61000-4-4:2004 IEC/EN 61000-4-5:2001

IEC/EN 61000-4-6:2004 IEC/EN 61000-4-11:2004

FCC PART 15, SUBPART B, CLASS A EUROPEAN CISPR 11:2004/EN 55011:2003

Place of Issue Waterloo, ON, CANADA

Date of Issue April 2005

Name and Signature of authorized person

DALSA 03-032-10216-02

Hank Helmond Quality Manager, DALSA Corp.

Piranha 3 User Manual

This Declaration corresponds to EN 45 014.

03-032-10216-02 DALSA

Piranha 3 User Manual

Appendix D

Revision History

Revision Number

00 RoHS camera preliminary release.

01 CE and no-Pb stamps added to front cover.

02 Tooling hole dimensions added to mechanical drawing, section 4.1 page 63.

Change Description

New parameter (4) added to command Correction Calibrate PRNU (cpa), pages 25, 46, and 79. Two new commands added: Set FPN Range (sfr), and Set PRNU Range (spr), pages 47, 49, and 83.

Piranha3 square option added to mechanicals section, section 4.1 page 63. Also added to the Models table, page 8, and to the EMC declaration, page 85.

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Piranha 3 User Manual

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Piranha 3 User Manual

Index

analog

gain, 38, 39, 40 offset, 40 processing, 34

applications, 8

background subtract, 47 baud rate, 24 bright lines, 68

calibrating the camera, 35, 44,

45, 46

calibration.

correction

camera

control configuration, 72 control signals, 18, 72 messages, 75

Camera Link

configuration pinout, 18 connector, 17 description, 71 mode, 31

Camera Link mode

configurations, 32

setting, 31 camera settings. CCD, 12 clock signals, 19 coefficients

diabling, 50

enabling, 50

loading, 50

resetting, 50 command

format, 23

list, 76

parameters, 24 commands, 26 connectors, 15–19

Camera Link, 17

Hirose, 17

power, 17

See flat field

See settings

dark calibration. See flat field

correction dark patches, 69 data rate, 10 digital

gain, 48 offset, 45 processing, 34 signal processing, 44

DVAL, 72

electrical

interface, 15 specifications, 9

EMC Declaration of

Conformity, 85 end-of-line sequence, 50 error messages, 75 exposure mode

overview, 27 setting, 27 timing, 28

exposure time

setting, 31 EXSYNC, 19 external trigger, 19

fiber-optic light sources, 65 filters, 65 flat field correction

errors, 49

overview, 35

performing, 37

restrictions, 36

results, 49 FPN, 35

coefficient, 44

correction, 44 FVAL, 72

gain, 23, 39, 41, 43

analog, 38

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Piranha 3 User Manual

calibrating, 39 digital, 48 ranges, 10 reference, 43

graph

responsivity, 13

halogen light sources, 65 help, 24 Hirose connector, 17 horizontal lines, 69 hot mirror, 65

illumination, 65 incorrect line rate, 68 input/output, 15 inputs (user bus), 19 installation, 15 interface

electrical, 9, 15 mechanical, 9 optical, 9, 65 serial, 23 software, 23

LED, 16 lens

modeling, 66 lens mounts, 65 light calibration.

correction light sources, 65 line dropout, 68 line rate, 9

setting, 30 line statistics, 54 LVAL, 72 LVDS, 71

pairs, 72

See flat field

noisy output, 69

offset

analog, 40 calibrating, 40 digital, 45

operating

modes, 27

optical

interface, 65 specifications, 9

performance specifications, 8–

11 pixel readout, 12 pixel statistics, 54 power

connectors, 17 guidelines, 17

supply, 17 pretrigger, 33 PRNU, 35

coefficient, 47

correction, 45, 46 Product Support, 70

readout, 12 rebooting, 54 resolution, 9 responsivity, 13 restoring

coefficients, 53

factory settings, 52

user settings, 52 Revision History, 87 roi.

See Region of Interest

magnification, 66 MDR26.

mechanical

models, 8 modes

03-032-10216-02 DALSA

See Camera Link

connector

drawing, 63 specifications, 9

default, 29

saving

coefficients, 53

user settings, 52 sensor, 12

readout, 12

specifications, 9 serial interface, 23 settings

restoring, 52

returning, 57, 60

Piranha 3 User Manual

saving, 52

signals

input, 19 output, 19

specifications

electrical, 9 key, 7 mechanical, 9 optical, 9

sensor, 9 statistics, 54 subtracting background, 47 sync frequency, 56

tap matching, 39 Technical Sales Support, 70 temperature

measurement, 56 test patterns, 54 threshold

lower, 51

upper, 51

throughput, 32 timing, 19

camera, 19 Camera Link, 19 mode 7, 30

trigger

external, 19

troubleshooting, 67

connections, 67 horizontal lines, 69 line rates, 68 serial interface, 68

video data, 55, 72 voltage

measurement, 56

warning messages, 75

DALSA 03-032-10216-02

Dalsa Piranha3, P3-80-k40-R, P3-87-K40-R, P3-87-**K40-01-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Dalsa Piranha3, P3-80-**k40-R, P3-87-**K40-R, P3-87-**K40-01-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Dalsa Piranha3, P3-80-k40-R, P3-87-K40-R, P3-87-**K40-01-R User Manual