Dalsa Linea ML ML-FM-08K30H-00-R, Linea ML ML-HM-16K30H-00-R User Manual

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Linea ML Multiline Cameras

Monochrome / HDR CMOS ML-FM-08K30H and ML-HM-16K30H

03-032-20263-00

www.teledynedalsa.com

Notice

© 2019 T eledyne DALSA All information provided in this manual is believed t o be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by Teledyne DALSA for its use. T eledyne DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from Teledyne DALSA.

Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Windows, Windows 7, Windows 8 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

All other trademarks or intellectual property mentioned herein belong to their respective owners.

Document date: 26 February 2019 Document number: 03-032-20263-00

About Teledyne DALSA

Teledyne DALSA, a business unit of T eledyne Digital Imaging Inc., is an international high performance semiconductor and Electronics Company that designs, develops, manufactures, and market s digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing wafer foundry services.

Teledyne DALSA Digital Imaging offers the widest range of mac hine vision components in the world. From industry-leading image sensors through powerful and sophisticated cameras, frame grabbers, vision processors and soft ware to easy-to-use vision appliances and custom vision modules.

Contact Teledyne DALSA

Teledyne DALSA is headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. We have sales offices in the USA, Europe and Asia, plus a worldwide network of representatives and agents to serve you efficiently. Contact information for sales and support inquiries, plus links to maps and directions to our offices, can be found here:

Sales Offices: http://www.teledynedalsa.com/c orp/contact/offices/ Technical Support: http://www.teledynedalsa.com/imaging/support/

***THIS IS AN UNCONTROLLED COPY OF A CONTROLLED DOCUMENT***

The information contained herein is proprietary to Teledyne DALSA and is to be used solely for the purpose for which it is supplied.

It shall not be disclosed in whole or in part, to any other party, without the express permission in writing by Teledyne DALSA

Contents

LINEA ML MULTILINE MONOCHROME / HDR CMOS CAMERAS 6

DESCRIPTION 6 CAMERA HI GHLIGHTS 7

Key Feat ures 7 Programmability 7 Applic ations 7

PART NUMBERS AND SOFTW AR E REQUIREMENTS 8 PERFORMANC E SPECIFICATIONS 8

Flash Memory Size 10 Certific ation & Compliance 10

CAMERA PIXEL ARRANGEMENT 10 CAMERA PROCESSING CHAIN 10 SUPPORTED INDUSTRY STANDAR DS 11

GenICam™ 11 Camera Link HS 11 Data Cables 12

RESPO NSIVITY & QE PLOTS 13 MECHANICAL DRAWINGS 14 PRECAUTIONS 16

Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor 16

INSTALL & CONFIGURE FRAME GRABBER & SO FTW ARE 16

Using Sapera CamExpert 16 CamExpert Panes 17

SETTING UP FOR IMAGING 20

Powering the Camera 20 Power and GPIO Connections 21 Establishing Camera Communications 23 Selecting the Data Format 23 Establishing Data Integrit y 23

CAMERA PERFORMANCE AND FEATURES 25

SYNC HRO NIZING TO OBJECT MOTIO N 25

Acquiring Images: Triggering the Camera 25 Measuring Line Rate (Trigger) 25 Maximum Line Rate 26 Minimum Line Rate 26 Scan Direction 26 Camera Orientation 28 Compensating for Encoder Errors (Spatial Correction) 29 Parallax Correction: Using the Camera at Non-Perpendicular Angles to the

Object 31

ESTABLI SHING THE DESIRED RESPONSE 32

Exposure Mode 33 Line Rate Jitter 33 Exposure Control 33 Exposure Time Selector 34 Measuring Exposure Time 34

Lin ea ML Multiline Monochrome / HDR CMOS Cameras  3

Sequential Mode Application Example 34 Exposure Mode Sequential 36 Adjusting Responsivity 37 Image Response Uniformity & Flat Field Calibration 38 Saving & Rapidly Loading a PRNU Set Only 39 Setting Custom Flat Field Coefficients 39 Flat Field Calibration Filter 39 Flat Field Calibration Regions of Interest 40

TDI STAGE SELECTIONS AND FULL WELL 40

HDR Demo Mode 41

IMAGE FILTERS 41

Kernels 41 Image Filter Contrast Ratio 42

BINNING 42

Using Area of Interest to Reduce Image Data & Enhance Performance 43 Steps to Setup Area of Int erest 43 The Rules for Setting Areas of Interest 43

CUSTOMIZED LINEARITY RESPONSE (LUT) 44

How to Generate LUT with CamExpert 44

ADJUSTING RESPONSIVITY AND CO NTRAST ENHANCEMENT 45 CHANGING OUTPUT CO NFIGURATION 45

Pixel Format 45

USING TWO CLHS CABLES 46 SAVING & RESTORING CAMERA SETUP CONFIGURATIONS 46

Active Settings for Current Operation 47 User Setting 47 Factory Settings 47 Default Setting 48

APPENDI X A: GENICAM COMMANDS 49

Camera Information Category 49 Camera Information Feature Descriptions 50 Built-In Self-Test Codes (BIST) 52 Camera Power-Up Configuration Selection Dialog 52 Camera Power-up Configuration 52 User Set Configuration Management 52 Camera Control Category 52 Camera Control Feat ure Descript ions 53 Digital I / O Control Category 56 Flat Field Category 59 Image Format Control Category 61 Transport Layer Control Category 63 Acquisition and Transfer Control Category 65 File Access Control Category 67 File Access Control Feat ure Descriptions 67 File Access via the CamExpert Tool 69 CLHS File Transfer Protoc ol 69 Download a List of Camera Parameters 71

APPENDI X B: TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE 71

Diagnostic Tools: 71

RESOLVING CAMERA ISSUES 73

Communic ations: 73 Image Quality Issues 73 Power Supply Issues 76

4  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Causes for Overheating & Power Shut Down 76

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 78 DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY 79

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  5

Part Number

Description

ML-FM-08K30H-00-R

8,192 x 4 pixels, a maximum line rate of 280 kHz, 5 µm x 5 µm pixel size, mono / HDR output, CLHS LC fiber optic connector.

ML-HM-16K30H-00-R

16,384 x 4 pixels, a maximum line rate of 300 kHz, 5 µm x 5 µm pixel size, mono / HDR output, CLHS CX4 connector.

Linea ML Multiline Monochrome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Description

Teledyne DALSA introduces a breakthrough multiline CMOS line scan camera format with unprecedented speed, responsivity, and exceptionally low noise.

The Linea ML™ multiline monochrome / HDR cameras have 8k or 16k pixel resolution, a 5 µm x 5 µm pixel size, and are compatible with fast, high magnification lenses.

The c amera uses the Camera Link HS™ interfac e—the industry standard for very high speed camera interfaces with long transmission distances and cable flexing requirements (LC or CX4, resolution dependent).

Teledyne DALSA’s Linea ML cameras and c ompatible frame grabbers c ombine to offer a complete solution for the next generation of automatic optical inspection (AOI) systems.

This camera is recommended for detecting small defects at high speeds and over a large field of view in LCD and OLED flat panel displays, printed circuit boards, film, printed material, and large format web materials.

Available Camera Models

6  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Camera Highlights

Key Features

 Highly responsive multiline CMOS  8K or 16K pixel resolution  Up t o 300 kHz aggregated line rates  Very low noise  Bi-direct ionality with fixed optical c enter  Binning  Robust Camera Link HS interface  LC fiber optic (8K) or CX4 (16K) Camera Link HS control & data connector  Smart lens shading c orrection  High dynamic LUT mode

Programmability

 Spatial c orrection, including sub pixel adjustment  Parallax c orrection  Multiple areas of interest for data reduction  Region of interest for easy calibration of lens and shading correction  Test patterns & diagnostics

Applications

 Flat panel LCD and OLED display inspection  Web inspection  Printed circuit board inspection  Printed materials  High t hroughput and high resolution applications

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  7

Part Number

Resolution

Max. Line Rates

Pixel Size

Control & Data

Connector

ML-FM-08K30H-00-R

8,192 x 4 pixels

280 kHz monochrome mode 140 kHz x 2 HDR

5.0 x 5.0 µm

Camera Link HS LC fiber optic

ML-HM-16K30H-00-R

16,384 x 4 pixels

300 kHz monochrome 150 kHz x 2 HDR mode

5.0 x 5.0 µm

Camera Link HS CX4

Compatible Frame grabber

ML-FM-08K30H

ML-HM-16K30H

Teledyne DALSA

OR-A8S0-FX840

OR-A8S0-PX870

Other compatible frame grabbers may be available from third-party vendors.

Software

Product Number / Version Number

Camera firmware

Embedded w ithin camera

GenICam™ support (XML camera description file)

Embedded w ithin camera

Sapera LT, including CamExpert GUI application and GenICam for Camera Link imaging driver

Latest version on the TeledyneDALSA

Web site

Specifications

ML-FM-08K30H

ML-HM-16K30H

Imager Format

High speed CMOS multiline sensor

Resolution

8,192 x 4 pixels mono

16,384 x 4 pixels mono

Pixel Size

5.0 µm x 5.0 µm

Pixel Fill Factor

100 %

Line Rate

0 kHz to 280 kHz monochrome mode

140 kHz x 2 HDR

0 kHz to 300 kHz monochrome mode

150 kHz x 2 HDR mode

Exposure Time

3.2 µs to 1.4 ms

Bit Depth

8 bit or 12 bit, selectable

Connectors and Mechanicals

ML-FM-08K30H

ML-HM -16K30H

Control & Data

Camera Link HS LC fiber optic

Camera Link HS CX4

Pow er

+12 V to +24 V DC ± 5% tolerance, Hirose 12-pin circular

Typical Power Dissipation (Worst case estimates – Max. line

rate, 60° C face plate)

15 W

25 W

Size

76 (W) x 76 (H) x 85 (D) mm

97 (W) x 140.5 (H) x 78.6 (D) mm

Part Numbers and Software Requirements

The c amera is available in the following configurations:

Table 1: Camera Models Comparison

Table 2: Frame Grabber

Table 3: Software

Performance Specifications

Table 4: Camera Performance Specifications

8  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / H DR CMOS Cameras

Mass

< 500 g

1.2 kg

Operating Temp

+0 °C to +65°C, front plate temperature

Optical Interface

ML-FM-08K30H

ML-HM-16K30H

Lens Mount

M58 x 0.75 mm

M90 x 1 mm

Sensor to Camera Front Distance

12 mm

Sensor Alignment (aligned to sides of camera)

Flatness  y (parallelism)

x y z  z

50 µm

100 µm ± 300 µm ± 300 µm ± 300 µm

± 0.4°

Operating Ranges

Performance (all models)

Random Noise

< 0.3 DN rms, typical

Peak Responsivity

Low Responsivity Line

High Responsivity Line

3 DN / (nJ / cm2) 18 DN / (nJ / cm2)

Gain

1x to 10x

DC Offset

5 DN, can be adjusted as required

Full Well

Low Responsivity Line

High Responsivity Lines

44,000 e-, typical, single row 7,200 e-, typical, single row

PRNU

< ±2%, 50% of calibration target

FPN

< ±2 DN

SEE

Low Responsivity Line

High Responsivity Lines

90 nJ / cm

14 nJ / cm2

NEE

Low Responsivity Line

High Responsivity Lines

100 pJ /cm

17 pJ /cm2

Anti-blooming

> 100x Saturation

Integral non-linearity

< 2%

Environmental Specifications

Storage temperature range

-20 °C to +80 °C

Humidity (storage and operation)

15% to 85% relative, non-condensing

MTBF (mean time betw een failures)

>100,000 hours, typical field operation

*DN = digital number Test Conditions unless otherwise specified:

 Values measured using 8 bit, 1x gain  40 kHz line rate  Light source: White LED if wavelength not specified  Front plate temperature: 45º C

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  9

Flash Memory Size

Camera

Flash memory size

All models

4 GByte

Compliance

See, Declaration of Conformity.

KC Registration

Verified equipment registered under the Clause 3, Article 58-2 of Radio Waves Act. ML-HM-16K30H registration no. R-RTd2-ML-HM-16K30H. Registration date 2019-01-22. ML-FM-08K30H registration pending.

5 µm or 1 line spacing

5 µm x 5 µm line 2 pixels (high responsivity)

5 µm x 5 µm line 3 pixels (high responsivity)

5 µm x 5 µm line 1 pixels (high responsivity)

5 µm x 5 µm line 0 pixels (low responsivity)

Table 5: Camera Flash Memory Size

Certification & Compliance

Table 6: Camera Certifications and Compliance

Camera Pixel Arrangement

Figure 1: ML-FM-08K30H and ML-HM-16K30H Pixel Structure

Forward and reverse imaging does not cause the optical c enter to c hange. Exposure control allows inspect ion speed to c hange without changing responsivity.

Camera Processing Chain

The diagram below det ails the sequence of arithmetic operations performed on the c ameras sensor data, which t he user can adjust t o obtain an optimum image for their application. These adjustments are performed using camera features outlined in the ‘Review of Camera Performance and Features’ section.

10  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Supported Industry Standards

GenICam™

The c amera is GenICam c ompliant and implements a superset of the GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention specification V1.5.

This description takes the form of an XML device description file using the syntax defined by the GenApi module of the GenICam spec ification. The camera uses the GenICam Generic Control Protocol (GenCP V1.0) to communicate over the Camera Link HS command lane.

For more informat ion see www.genicam.org.

Camera Link HS

The c amera is Camera Link HS version 1.0 compliant. Camera Link HS is the next generation of high performance communications standards. It is used where an industrial digital camera interfaces with a single or multiple frame grabbers and with data rates exceeding those supported by the standard Camera Link.

The c ameras come with two different output mediums. The 8K camera uses two LC c onnectors for data output. T hese two LC c onnectors are part of t he SFP+ standard but in the c ase of Linea ML 8K camera the SFP+ modules are built into the camera. Either one or both SFP+ modules can be used but using only one SFP+ / fiber optic will sacrifice available bandwidth.

Figure 2.Linea HS 8K Dual LC/SFP+ Connector Configuration

The 16K camera uses a CX4 connector for the output—using up to 5 lanes.

The c ommand channel is used by the frame grabber to send c ommands, configuration, and programming data to the c amera and to receive command responses, status, and image data from the c amera. With two SFP+ modules populated, the CLHS protocol will auto negotiate which one

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  11

Category

Fiber Diameter

Mode

Max Distance

OM1

62.5µm

Multimode

< 33m

OM2

50 µm

Multimode

< 85m

OM3

50 µm

Multimode

< 280m

will be dedicated as the command channel. Data and command transmission is done with CLHS X protoc ol (64b / 66b) at the default speed of 10 Gbs.

Data Cables

LC Fiber Optic (8K Cameras)

The fiber optic c ables for the 8K c amera require LC connections on both ends of t he cable. T he frame grabber requires the LC connector to be plugged into a SFP+ transceiver module.

LC is a small-form fac tor fiber optic connector t hat uses a 1.25 mm ferrule, half the size of a standard connector. These cables are in wide use in the t elecommunic ations industry and available in many lengths.

The distance t hrough which the data can be transmitted depends on the type of fiber optic used.

Fiber optic cables are divided into four t ypes: OM1, OM2, OM3, and OM4. The OM4 is used for distances > 300 m, but also requires SFP+ transceiver module changes. Contact T eledyne DALSA Support for more information.

CX4 AOC (16K Cameras)

For the 16K c amera, the Camera Link HS CX4 AOC (Active Optical Cable) cables are made to handle very high data rat es. These c ables accept the same electrical inputs as t raditional c opper cables, but also use optical fibers. AOC uses electric al-to-optical c onversion on the cable ends to improve speed and distance performance of the c able without sacrificing c ompatibilit y with standard electrical interfaces.

Camera Link HS cables c an be bought from an OEM. OEM cables are also available for applications where flexing is present.

Please refer t o Teledyne DALSA’s website (www.teledynedalsa.com) for a list of recommended

cable vendors and for part numbers.

Each data cable is used for sending image data to and accepting command data from the frame grabber. Command data includes GenICam compliant messages, trigger timing, and general purpose I/O, such as direction control.

Please note: the data transmits at 10 Gbps whic h limits t he effective distance of c opper-based cables.

12  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Responsivity & QE Plots

Figure 3. Camera Spectral Responsivity

Figure 4. Camera Quantum Efficiency

Note: values measured using 8- bit, 1x gain, single row.

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  13

Mechanical Drawings

Figure 5. Linea ML-FM-8K Camera Mechanical

14  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Figure 6. Linea ML-HM-16K Camera Mechanical

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  15

Precautions

Read these precautions before using the c amera.

Confirm that the camera’s packaging is undamaged before opening it. If the pac kaging is damaged

please c ontact the related logistics personnel.

Do not open the housing of the c amera. The warranty is voided if the housing is opened.

Keep the camera’s front plate temperature in a range of 0 °C to +60 °C during operation. T he camera has the ability to measure its internal temperature. Use t his feature to rec ord the internal temperature of the c amera when it is mounted in your system and operating under t he worst c ase conditions. The camera will stop outputting data if its internal temperature reaches +80 °C.

Do not operate the c amera in the vicinity of strong electromagnetic fields. In addition, avoid electrostatic discharging, violent vibration, and excess moisture.

To c lean the device, avoid electrostatic c harging by using a dry, c lean absorbent cotton c loth dampened with a small quantity of pure alcohol. Do not use methylated alcohol. To clean the surface of t he camera housing, use a soft, dry c loth. T o remove severe stains use a soft cloth dampened with a small quantity of neutral detergent and then wipe dry. Do not use volat ile solvents such as benzene and thinners, as they c an damage the surface finish.

Though t his c amera supports hot plugging, it is recommended that you power down and disconnect power to the camera before you add or replace system c omponents.

Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor

Image sensors and the camera’s housing can be susc eptible t o damage from severe electrostatic

discharge (ESD). Electrostatic c harge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce c harge buildup on the underside of the window. The charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor returns to normal operation.

Install & Configure Frame Grabber & Software

Because of the high bandwidth required by these c ameras, we recommend a compatible T eledyne DALSA frame grabber (part numbers: OR- A8S0-FX840 (8K) or OR- A8S0-PX870 (16k)), or equivalent, described in detail on the teledynedalsa.com site, here.

The frame grabber requirements for the 8K and 16K camera are different. Follow t he manufac turer’s installation instructions.

A GenICam c ompliant XML device description file is embedded with t he camera firmware and allows GenICam compliant applications to recognize the c amera’s c apabilities once connected.

Installing Sapera LT gives you ac cess to the CamExpert GUI, a GenICam compliant application.

Using Sapera CamExpert

CamExpert is the c amera interfacing tool supported by the Sapera library. When used with the camera, CamExpert allows a user to access a camera’s features and parameters, and to test the

operating modes. In addition, CamExpert c an be used to save the camera’s user settings

16  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

A note on the CamExpert examples shown here: The examples shown are for illustrative purposes and may not entirely reflect the features and parameters available from the camera model used in your application.

configurations to the camera or to save multiple configurations as individual camera parameter files on the host system (*.ccf). CamExpert c an also be used to upgrade the camera’s software.

An important c omponent of CamExpert is its live acquisition display window. T his window allows the user to verify the t iming or control parameters in real-time, without needing to run a separate acquisition program.

For c ontext sensitive help, c lick on the button and then c lick on a camera configuration parameter.

A short description of the c onfiguration parameter will be shown in a popup. Click on the button t o open the help file for more desc riptive informat ion on CamExpert.

Note: The availabilit y of features depends on the CamExpert user setting. Not all features are available to all users.

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  17

Acquisition control button:

Click once to start live grab, click again to stop.

Single frame grab: Click to acquire one frame from device.

CamExpert Panes

CamExpert, first instance: select Camera Link HS using the Device drop-down menu.

Figure 7. CamExpert Frame Grabber Control Window

The CamExpert application uses panes to organize the selection and c onfiguration of camera files or acquisition paramet ers.

Device Selector pane: View and select from any installed Sapera ac quisition device. Once a device is selected, CamExpert will only show acquisition paramet ers for that device. Optionally, select a c amera file included with the Sapera installation or saved by the user.

Parameters pane: Allows t he viewing or c hanging of all acquisition parameters supported by the acquisition device. CamExpert displays parameters only if those parameters are supported by t he installed device. This avoids c onfusion by eliminating parameter choices when they do not apply t o the hardware in use.

Display pane: Provides a live or single frame acquisit ion display. Frame buffer paramet ers are shown in an information bar above the image window.

Control Buttons: T he display pane inc ludes CamExpert c ontrol buttons. T hese are:

18  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Trigger button: With the I/O control parameters set to Trigger Enabled, click to send a single trigger command.

CamExpert display controls: (these do not modify the frame buffer data) Stretch image to fit, set image display to original size, or zoom the image to virtually any size and ratio.

Histogram / Profile tool: Select to view a histogram or line/column profile during live acquisition or in a still image.

Output Message Pane: Displays messages from CamExpert or t he device driver.

At this point you are ready to start operating the camera, acquire images, set c amera functions, and save settings.

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  19

Setting Up for Imaging

Figure 8. Camera I / O Connectors: 8K (left) & 16K (right)

Camera I / O Connectors

1) Factory use only.

2) Data and control c onnectors: LC (8K) and CX4 AOC (16K).

3) LED status indicators.

4) Power and GPIO connectors: +12 V to +24 V DC ± 5% tolerance, Hirose 12- pin circular.

Powering the Camera

WARNING: When setting up the c amera’s power supply follow these guidelines:

 Apply the appropriate voltages of between +12 V to +24 V with a ± 5% tolerance. Incorrect

voltages may damage the camera.

 Before c onnecting power to the camera, test all power supplies.  Protect the camera with a 3 amp slow-blow fuse between the power supply and the c amera.  Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.  Keep leads as short as possible in order to reduce voltage drop.  Use high quality supplies in order to minimize noise.

20  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

1211

Pin Number

Input / Output

Signal Details

Notes

1 Pow er Ground*

2 +12 V to +24 V power*

Output

Line 3 Out

0 to 3.3V TTL

Output

Line 4 Out

0 to 3.3V TTL

Input

Line 1/ Trigger / Phase A

0 to 3.3V TTL

Input

Line 2 / Scan Direction/Phase B

0 to 3.3V TTL

Output

Line 5 Out

0 to 3.3V TTL

Output

Line 5 Out

0 to 3.3V TTL

9 Pow er Ground*

10 +12 V to +24 V power*

11 Signal Ground

Note: intended as a return path for GPIO signal and not intended as a power ground

12 Signal Ground

Note: intended as a return path for GPIO signal and not intended as a power ground

 When using a 12 V supply, voltage loss in t he power c ables will be greater due to the higher

current. Use the Camera Information category to refresh and read the camera’s input

voltage measurement. Adjust the supply to ensure that it reads above or equal to 12 V.

Note: If your power supply does not meet these requirements, then the camera performanc e specifications are not guaranteed.

Power and GPIO Connections

The c amera uses a single 12-pin Hirose male c onnector for power, trigger, and strobe signals. The suggested female cable mating c onnector is the Hirose model HR10A-10P-12S.

12-Pin Hirose Connector Signal Details

The following figure shows the pinout identification when looking at the camera’s 12-pin male Hirose connector. The table below lists the I/O signal c onnections.

*Connect all power pins. Eac h pin is rated 2A.

The wire gauge of t he power c able should be sufficient to accommodate a surge during power-up of at least 3 amps with a minimum voltage drop between the power supply and c amera. The camera

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  21

Switching Voltage

Input Level Standard

Low to high

High to low

Input Impedance

3.3V TTL

2.1V

10K Ω

Input Level Standard

Maximum Input Frequency

Minimum Pulse Width

Input Current

Maximum Signal Propagation Delay @ 60oC

3.3V TTL

20 MHz

25 ns

<250 µA 0 to 3.3V

<100 ns

3.3V to 0

<100 ns

can accept any voltage between +12 Volts and +24 Volts with a ± 5% tolerance. If there is a voltage drop between the power supply and c amera, ensure that t he power supply voltage is at least 12 Volts plus this voltage drop. The camera input supply voltage c an be read using CamExpert. Refer to t he sec tion on Volt age & Temperature Measurement for more details.

Mating GPIO Cable Assembly

Teledyne DALSA makes available for purchase an optional GPIO breakout cable (12-pin Female Hirose to 13-Pos Euro Block), as shown in the following drawing. Use accessory number #CRGENC- IOP00 to order.

External Input Electrical Characteristics

External Input Timing Reference

External Output Electrical Characteristics

22  Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras

Output Level Standard

VOL

VOH

3.3V TTL

<0.4V @ 10mA*

>3.1V @ 10mA*

Output Level Standard

Maximum Output Frequency

Minimum Pulse Width

Output Current

Maximum Signal Propagation Delay @ 60oC

3.3V TTL

Line rate dependent

25 ns

<180 mA 0 to 3.3V

<100 ns

3.3V to 0

<100 ns

To reduce the c hance of stress and vibration on the c ables, we recommend t hat you use cable c lamps, placed c lose to t he camera, when setting up your imaging syst em. Stress or vibration of the heavy CLHS AOC cables may damage t he camera’s c onnectors.

LED State

Description

Off

Camera not pow er up or waiting for the software to start

Constant Red

The camera BIST status is not good. See BIST status for diagnosis.

Blinking Red

The camera has stopped output and has shut down some components due to an over temperature condition.

Blinking Orange

Pow ering Up. The microprocessor is loading code.

Blinking Green

Hardware is good, but the CLHS connection has not been established or has been broken.

Constant Green

The CLHS Link has been established and data transfer may begin

*See Linear Technology data sheet LTC2854

External Input Timing Reference

Establishing Camera Communications

When you power up the c amera, observe the LED status indication on the back. The LED will indicat e one of the following status c onditions:

When the c amera’s LED state is steady green open CamExpert.

1. CamExpert will search for installed Sapera devices.

2. In the Devices list area on the left side of the window, the connec ted frame grabber will be

shown.

3. Select t he frame grabber device by c licking on the name.

In a change from previous versions of the Sapera GUI, only one instance of CamExpert is required to send commands to the camera and view images .

Selecting the Data Format

The c amera can output data in the following formats:

Mono8 Mono12

Please refer to the frame grabber user’s documentation for further details on selection input and output pixel formats.

Establishing Data Integrity

1. Use the camera’s internal t riggering. T his allows for init ial imaging with a static object and

no encoder input is required.

2. Enable t he camera to output a test pat tern.

Lin ea ML Multiline Monoch rome / HDR CMOS Cameras  23

3. Use a frame grabber CamExpert instance to capture, display, and analyze the test pat tern

image to verify the integrit y of the connection. If the test pat tern is not c orrect, check the cable c onnections and the frame grabber setup.

4. Disable the test pattern output.

24  Linea ML Multiline Monochrome / HDR C MOS Cameras

Camera Performance and Features

This sec tion is intended to be a progressive introduction t o the features of the c amera, including explanations of how to use them effectively.

A detailed description of all features is found in Appendix A: GenICam Commands.

Synchronizing to Object Motion

Acquiring Images: Triggering the Camera

Related Features: Exposure Mode, Trigger Mode, Trigger Source, Trigger Activation

A number of different methods that can be used to trigger image acquisition in the c amera :

Internal Trigger

The simplest method is to set the Trigger Mode t o “Internal”. This results in the camera being triggered by an internal timer, which can be adjusted using the Acquisition Line Rate feature.

External Triggers

When the T rigger Mode command is set to “External”, the triggers to the camera can c ome from different sources, set using the Trigger Source feature.

The available sources for the t riggers are from pin 5 of the GPIO connector, from the Camera Link HS frame grabber, or from the rotary enc oder feature (using pin 5 and pin 6 of the GPIO connector).

Use the T rigger Ac tivation feature to select the edge or level that t riggers the camera. The options are: Rising Edge, Falling Edge, or Any Edge.

CamExpert can be used to configure the frame grabber for routing the enc oder signal from the frame grabber input to the trigger input of the camera via the Camera Link HS data c able.

Line Rate & Synchronization

A continuous stream of enc oder trigger pulses synchronized to t he object motion establishes t he line rate. T he faster t he object’s mot ion is, t he higher the line rate. T he camera can accommodat e up to its specified maximum frequency. If t he maximum frequency is exceeded, the camera will continue to output image data at the maximum specified. T he result will be that some trigger pulses will be missed and there will be an assoc iated distortio n (compression in the scan direction) of the image data. When the line rate returns to or below the maximum specified, then normal imaging will be reestablished.

Measuring Line Rate (Trigger)

See Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  25

Maximum Line Rate (1 sensor line output, 8 bit)

Camera Model

One Fiber Optic Cable

Two Fiber Optic Cables

One AOC cable

ML-FM-08K20H-00-R

140 kHz

280 kHz

ML-HM-16K20H-00-R

300 kHz

Related Feature: Measured Line Rate

The Measured Line Rate command is used to read the line (t rigger) rate being applied, externally or internally, to the camera.

Maximum Line Rate

The maximum line rate that the c amera can achieve is determined by the number of CLHS lanes used and by the number of c ables installed, as shown in the following table:

Minimum Line Rate

The minimum line rate for all camera models is 0 kHz. Cameras go to full stop without image anomaly.

Scan Direction

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them

Related Feature: sensorScanDirectionSource, sensorScanDirection

A multiline c amera requires the user to t ell the c amera the direction of travel of the object being imaged.

The sc an direction is set using the sensorScanDirectionSource c ommand. The options are: Internal, Line 2 (pin 6 on the GPIO connector), and t he rotary encoder feature (using pin 5 and pin 6 of the GPIO connector).

When set to internal, use the sensorScanDirection feature to set the direction.

Direction Change Time

The direct ion c hange time between forward and revers is < 1 ms.

26  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Figure 9. Image with incorrect scan direction

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  27

Camera Orientation

The diagram below shows the orientation of forward and reverse with respect to t he camera body.

Note that the diagram assumes the use of a lens on the camera, which inverts the image.

Figure 10: Example of Object Movement and Camera Direction (8K camera shown)

The diagram shows t he designated camera direction. However, due to the characteristics of the lens, the direction of t he objects motion is opposite to the image motion direction.

Some AOI systems require t hat the scan direction change at regular intervals. For example, scanning a panel forwards, coming to a stop, and then sc anning backward as the c amera’s field of view is progressively indexed over the entire panel.

It is necessary for the system to over- scan the area being imaged, including the lines that are not valid, as a result of the direction change. T his ensures that valid data will be generated on the return path as the c amera’s field of view reaches the area to be inspected.

28  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

5 µ

m or 1 line spacing

5 µ

m or 1 line spacing

5 µ

m or 1 line spacing

5 µ

m x 5 µm line 3 pixels (

high responsivity)

5 µ

m x 5 µm line 4 pixels (high responsivity)

5 µ

m x 5 µm line 2 pixels (high responsivity)

5 µ

m x 5 µm line 1 pixel

s (low responsivity)

reverse

forward

Compensating for Encoder Errors (Spatial Correction)

See Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them.

Related Feature: Line Spatial Correction

To ac hieve a sharp image in the vertical direction when running t he camera in T DI mode or in HDR mode it is important that the lines being used are aligned correctly. The line spatial c orrection feat ure is used to ensure t hat these lines align.

Figure 11. Camera Line spacing

The c amera ensures the scan direction alignment of t he lines by delaying the image data for eac h line a set amount of t ime, as dictated by the sc an direction.

Assuming that the encoder generates a pulse t hat is equal to the object pixel, Line Spatial Correction will be 1. However, guaranteeing the encoder pulse accuracy may not always be possible. In addition, lens magnification may not be exact —which will introduce a similar error.

The c amera has a Line Spatial Correction feature that c an correct for these small encoder or magnification errors on a sub-pixel level. The sub-pixel spatial c orrection resolution is 1/16th of a row. The feat ure accepts up to two decimal places and will adjust the entered sub-pixel adjustment component accordingly. This feature c an only be adjusted when the ac quisition is stopped.

Examples of artifacts generated by a small encoder error:

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  29

Object Pixel Setup for 20 µm, Encoder set at 19 µm. Forward Scanning

Can be c orrected with 20 / 19 = 1.05 Line Spatial Correction

Object Pixel Setup for 20 µm, Encoder set at 21 µm. Forward Scanning

Can be c orrected with 20 / 21 = 0.95 Line Spatial Correct ion

If there are several different c amera angles and associated illumination configurations in the inspect ion system, a single encoder pulse will not provide the correct timing for all the cameras.

For example, as the camera angle moves away from perpendicular, the image row spacing increases. If the enc oder resolution remains at that for perpendic ular operation, many enc oder pulses will be too closely spaced, apparent row spac ing will increase and the line spatial correction will need t o c hange. T he Line Spat ial correction feature can accommodate these potentially larger encoder errors where the spatial c orrection value has an adjustment range from 0 to 1.5.

The following section details more aspects of using the c amera at angles.

30  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Projected

Line

Object Plane

Higher

Magnification

Lower

Magnification

Stretch

Lower Magnification

( darkest line

) Image by Progressively

Adding Pixels to Achieve

Higher Magnification Equivalent

8192

Pixels

8192

Pixels

8185

Pixels

Parallax Example

K Camera

Camera at 45º

mm lens

µm Object Pixel

Camera

Angle Where

Row 3

Stretched

Camera

Angle Where

Row 1

Stretched

Parallax Correction: Using the Camera at Non-Perpendicular Angles to the Object

See Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them.

Related Features: Image Distortion Correction Mode, Image Distortion Correction Algorithm, Image Distortion Correction Line Selector, Image Distortion Parallax Correction Pixel St retch

When using a camera at an angle to the objects surface, the object pixel sizes for the three arrays are slightly different—this is due to parallax.

If the c amera angle and the lens angular field of view are sufficiently large it may c ause blurring at the extremities of the image in TDI mode. The c amera includes a Parallax feature that can c orrect these artifacts.

Notes:

 The selection of the line to adjust is dependent on positive or negat ive angle. It is not

sensitive to scan direction.

Cam era Performanc e and Features  31

Figure 12. Camera Angle Creates Parallax

Image example of artifact induced by parallax at the image extremity:

30O Camera Angle, 8k Camera, 80 mm lens, 20 µm Object Pixel,

Spatial Correct ion =9.2, No Parallax Correction

Establishing the Desired Response

One of the important performanc e characteristics of the camera that will determine its suitability for an application is its responsivity and the associated noise level at the system’s maximum line rate and under t he desired illumination conditions and lens c onfiguration.

32  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Responsivity and noise performance can be assessed using a stationary plain white target under bright field illumination or by using no target for rear bright field illumination.

To ac curately evaluate the c amera’s responsivity and noise performance it is important that the camera setup is representative of the system c onfiguration.

The ideal test setup meets the following c onditions:

 The lens is in foc us, at the desired magnification, and with the desired aperture.  The illumination intensity is equal to that of t he Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) system

and is aligned with the c amera’s field of view.

 The c amera is operated with an exposure time that will allow the maximum line rate of the

system t o be achieved. T he c amera’s internal line rate generator and exposure c ontrol can

be used for a stationary target.

Exposure Mode

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them.

Related Features: ExposureMode (Timed, Sequential)

ExposureMode has 2 options: Timed and Sequential. Timed is t he standard exposure operation as found in Teledyne DALSA line scan cameras. For operation of sequential mode, please see t he sec tion titled Exposure Mode Sequential. See the Exposure Control Section.

Line Rate Jitter

If the exposure time is close to the line period there c ould be jitter in the line rate when it is synchronized to the sensor c lock if ExposureMode = Timed. With Exposure mode off or sequential there is no jitter in the line rate. If trying to coordinate a LED strobe with the exposure of the sensor it is important to be away of this jitter and make sure the LED is on long enough t o ac count for this.

Exposure Control

See the Camera Control Category section in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with t his sec tion and how to use them.

Relevant GenICam features: ExposureMode, exposureTimeSelector, exposureDelay, ExposureTime

The camera has two exposure modes:

 Timed: where the sensor rows are exposed at the same time .  Sequential: where the sensor rows are exposed one after the other.

Use exposureTimeSelector to select whether to set the exposure time of each row independently or all to the same value. exposureDelay is only configurable when in Sequential exposure mode. Adjusting the exposure will result in a temporary loss of LVAL (8 lines) while the se nsor is re-configured.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  33

Timed Exposure Mode

Also called Global Reset Mode, the exposure begins when the line trigger occurs. If some rows have shorter exposure times then they are held in reset longer such that all the rows finish exposing at the same time and read out begins.

The minimum exposure time depends on the number of rows being read out. The maximum time is

1,500 µs. The minimum line period is the largest exposure time + 0.83 µs. With internal trigger mode

the line rate will be decreased as necessary if the exposure time is increased. Similarly the exposure times will be decreased as necessary if the line rate is increased. If this happens the ratio between the different row exposure times will be maintained (e.g. to maintain white balance). In ex ternal trigger mode the maximum line rate will be limited by the current exposure time.

Sequential Exposure Mode

In this mode the rows are exposed in order: 0, 1, 2, 3. Use this for multi -spectral imaging using strobe illumination. In this mode the delay before the exposure can be configured for each row. The counters

are smaller in this mode and so the maximum delay or exposure time is 45.48 µs. Similar to timed

mode, the sum of the delays and exposure times will limit the line rate.

Strobe lighting is synchronized using the General Purpose Outputs in t he Digital IO Control category. Set the row with the LineSelector feature. Set the outputLineSource to On. And then set the outputLinePulseDelay, outputLinePulseDuration, and LineInverter.

Exposure Time Selector

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them.

Relevant Feature: ExposureTimeSelector

The Exposure T ime Selector allows t he user to set the exposure time of each line individually or all to the same exposure time. Note: If TDIstagesSelector is set to 2 or 3 all lines will automatically be set to the same exposure time.

Measuring Exposure Time

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them.

Relevant Feature: Measured Exposure Time

Use the Measure Exposure Time command to measure the c amera’s internally generated exposure time.

Sequential Mode Application Example

The Linea ML is equipped with an innovat ive new mode t hat allows each line of the sensor to be exposed in a serial sequence with a single t rigger applied t o the c amera. This can allow an object to be imaged with various lighting condition on a single pass of t he image object past the c amera. A typical c amera/lighting setup is illust rated below in Figure 13. In t his application the system consists of bright field, dark field and back lighting t o allow imaging of the object. The camera has the ability to control the lighting in coordination with the exposure on each sensor line.

34  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Linea ML

Object to Image

Bright Field Illumination

Dark Field Illumination

Back Field Illumination

Figure 13. Typical Lighting Configuration

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  35

Camera Trigger In

Sensor Trigger

Sensor Line

Exposure

Sensor Line

Exposure

Sensor Line

Exposure

Sensor Line

Exposure

GPIO Line

Output

GPIO Line

Output

GPIO Line

Output

GPIO Line

Output

Trigg er Delay

Exposure

Time

Exposure

Time

Exposure

Time

Exposure

Time

Output

Duration

Output

Duration

Output

Duration

Output

Duration

Exposure Delay

Output Delay

Exposure Mode Sequential Timing

Exposure Mode Sequential

Relevant Features: ExposureMode, ExposureTime, ExposureDelay, TriggerDelay, OutputDelay, OutputDuration

Unique to the Linea ML camera is the sequential exposure mode. For each trigger en t ering t he camera the exposure for eac h line can be executed separately and in a serial sequence. This allows the user to set up different lighting c onditions for each line. The figure below shows a typical time case for exposure mode sequential:

Figure 14Typical Sequential Timing

The trigger signal entering the camera is routed to the sensor and also to each of the output control features.

The TriggerDelay feature delays the trigger going to the sensor. This delay allows the user to turn on the LED before exposing the sensor.

Each line can be delayed relative to the previous line using the ExposureDelay feature.

Note: The ExposureDelay feature can only be applied to the sec ond, third or fourth lines being exposed.

The exposures for eac h line cannot overlap.

36  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Linea ML SensorTrigger DelayExsync

Internal Timing Generation

CLHS Framegrabber

Multiply-DivideRotary Encoder

Trigger Activation Debouncer

DebouncerTrigger Activation

Input Line 1

Input Line 2

GPIO Connector

Output Line Invert

Output Line 3

GPIO Connector

Output DelayOutput Duration

Output Line 4

Output Line 5

Output Line 6

Output Line Invert

Output Duration

Output Delay

Figure 15. GPIO block diagram

The OutputDuration, OutputDelay, and Output Line Invert feature allow the user t o c ontrol a light strobe source in order to coordinate with the sensor exposure.

Adjusting Responsivity

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them.

Relevant Features: Gain Selector, Gain

It is desirable for camera performance to always use the maximum exposure time possible based on the maximum line rate of the inspection system and any margin that may be required to acc ommodat e illumination degradation. However, it will be necessary to adjust t he responsivity to achieve the desired output from the camera. The c amera has a gain feature that c an be used to make the necessary adjustment to the responsivity.

There are two gain adjustments available: color gains, which can be set independen tly for eac h color (range 1 to 4x); and the system gain, which is applied t o all colors (range 1 to 10x).

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  37

Image Response Uniformity & Flat Field Calibration

See the sec tion Flat Field Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how t o use t hem

Related Features: Calibrate FPN, Calibrate PRNU, Calibration Algorithm, Calibration T arget

It is common to find that an image has a lower response at the edges of the camera’s field of view compared to its c enter. This is typically the result of a combination of lens vignetting (cos off and t he beam structure of the illumination sourc e. Using a more diffused light may reduce t he roll-off effect. However, if dec reasing t he lens aperture improves the edge roll-off, then barrel vignetting (a shadow c ast on the sensor by t he focus helical or extension t ubes) may also be present.

The c amera can c ompensate for edge roll-off and other optical non-uniformities by using flat field calibration.

 When performing Flat Field (PRNU) calibration, the c amera should be imaging a front

illuminated white target or rear bright field illumination source. T he optical setup should be as per the inspection system, inc luding lens magnification, aperture, and illumination intensity, spectral c ontent, plus illuminator beam structure.

 Flat field calibration should be performed when the c amera temperature has st abilized.  When the c amera is asked to run a flat field c alibration it will adjust all pixels to have the

same value as that of the peak pixel value or target level, as per the calibration mode selected.

 If the flat field c alibration is set t o a target level that is lower than the peak value and the

system gain is set to a low value, then it is possible that the sensor will maximize its output

before t he camera’s output reaches 255 DN. This can be seen when a port ion of the output

stops increasing before reaching 255 DN with increasing illumination and the PRNU deteriorates. This effect can be resolved by decreasing the light level or exposure control time.

Following a flat field calibration, all pixels should be at t heir un-c alibrated peak value or target value. Changing gain values now allows the user to make refinements to the operating responsivity level.

Note that the best flat field calibrat ion c an be achieved by performing it at the mid DN level of the working range used in the operation. Any flat field error associated with residual non linearity in the pixel will be halved as c ompared t o performing a calibration at the peak value of the operating range. A simple way of performing this is to reduce exposure t ime to half what is used in the operation in order to get the mid DN level for flat field c alibration. Once c omplete, return the exposure time to its original setting.

Those areas of the image where high roll- off is present will show higher noise levels after flat field calibration due to the higher gain values of the correction coefficients. Flat field calibration c an only compensate for up to an 8:1 variation. If the variation exceeds 8:1 t hen the line profile after calibration will include pixels that are below t he un-calibrated peak level.

Note: The Linea ML camera has many different modes of operation. It is strongly recommended that the

camera be flat fielded for that mode of operation that is intended.

4th

) roll-

38  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Saving & Rapidly Loading a PRNU Set Only

Loading a complete user set takes approximately 800 ms while loading only the user PRNU coefficients takes less than 200 ms.

Use the User PRNU Set Selector parameter t o select the set you want to save or load. 17 sets are available—16 user and 1 factory. Loading the Factory Set is a good way to clear the user PRNU.

The Fac tory Set is read- only. Loading the Factory Set is a good way to clear the user PRNU.

Save the c urrent user PRNU coefficients using t he “Save User PRNU Set” feature. Load t he user PRNU coefficients from the set specified using the “User PRNU Set Selec tor” and the “Load User PRNU Set” command features.

Setting Custom Flat Field Coefficients

Flat Field (PRNU) coefficients can be custom modified and uploaded to the camera. They can also be downloaded from the camera.

To upload or download c oefficients, use File Access Control Category > Upload / Download File > Settings and then select Miscellaneous > Current PRNU to download / upload a file.

The file format is described in the doc ument 03-084-20133 Linea ML Binary File Format, whic h c an be obtained from Teledyne DALSA Technical Support. This document also includes Excel spread sheet examples.

The PRNU coefficients are used by the c amera as soon as they are uploaded. T o avoid loss at power up or while changing row settings, the uploaded c oefficients should be saved to one of the available user sets.

Flat Field Calibration Filter

See the sec tion Flat Field Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how t o use t hem

Related Feature: Calibration Algorithm

If a sheet of material is being used as a white target, it must be c ompletely free of blemishes and texture.

The presence of dirt or texture will generate a variation in the image that will be incorporated into the c alibration c oefficients of t he camera. Further, once the target is removed, or moved, vertical stripes will be present in the scanned image.

Dirt or texture that has dark c haracteristics will appear as bright vertical lines. Dirt or texture that has bright characteristics will appear as dark vertical lines.

One way to minimize this effect is t o have the white target in motion during the c alibration process. This has the result of averaging out any dirt or texture present. If t his is not possible, the camera has a feature where a flat field calibrat ion filter c an be applied while generating t he flat field correction coefficients—which c an minimize the effects of dirt. Note that t his filter is only capable of

compensating for small, occasional c ontaminants. It will not overcome large feat ures in a target’s

texture. T his filter is a 33 pixel moving average.

Camera Performanc e and Features  39

Lines Summed / Averaged

Maximum Line Rate, 8 bit

300 kHz

150 kHz

100 kHz

Flat Field Calibration Regions of Interest

See the sec tion Flat Field Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how t o use t hem

Related Features: ROI Offset X, ROI Width

There are oc casions when the camera’s field of view includes areas that are beyond the material to be inspected.

This may occ ur when c ameras image off the edge of a panel or web or when an inspection system is imaging multiple lanes of material. The edge of the material or area between lanes may not be illuminated in the same way as the areas of inspection and, therefore, will cause problems with a flat field calibration.

The c amera can accommodate these “no inspection zones” by defining a Region of Interest (ROI) where flat field c alibration is performed. Image data outside the ROI is ignored by the flat field calibration algorithm. The ROI is selec ted by the user and with the pixel boundaries defined by t he pixel start address and pixel width and then followed by initiating flat field c alibration for that region. Once set, the next ROI c an be defined and flat field c alibrated.

TDI Stage Selections and Full Well

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them

Relevant Features: sensorTDIMode, sensorTDIStagesSelection, sensorFullWellMode

The c amera’s sensor has 3 high-responsivity lines. T hese line scan be summed to further increase the responsivity. The TDI Stage Selection feature with values of 1, 2, or 3 lines allows the user to increase the responsivity proportionally but at t he sacrifice of the maximum line rate.

Along with a reduction in line rate, ot her features need to be c onsidered when using the stage selection feature. SensorScanDirection and sensorLineSpatialCorrection need to be set c orrectly if summing 2 or more lines using t he TDI stage selection c ontrol. If only using one line, sensorScanDirection and sensorLineSpatialCorrection are not relevant.

SensorTDIMode allows the user to either sum the lines or average the lines. This allows the user t o optimize the responsivity/full well or the signal to noise ratio.

If using 1 line only, there is the option of having high or low full well, using the sensorFullWellMode. There is a 4x difference in responsivity between these two modes and also a 4x difference in the full well.

40  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

12.5 %

75%

12.5 %

50%

12.5%12.5 %

12.5 %

HDR Demo Mode

In planar mode the camera can be configured to output sensor rows 0 and 1. Row 1 is 4x more responsive than row 0. The user c ould c ombine these with their own algorithm to c reate a High Dynamic Range (HDR) image. HDR Demo mode is an option of the TDI Mode feat ure. It c ombines rows 0 and 1 using the following algorithm:

 Assumes row1 is 4x row0, therefore t he two rows must have the same exposure time  For each pixel take the bright row pixel and divide it by four so that it is equivalent to the

darker row pixel

 Use the bright row pixel if it is below 250, otherwise use the darker row pixel  Multiply the result by c onfigurable Scale Factor  That is:  If (row1 < 250) then

Output = (row1 / 4) x ScaleFactor Else Output = row0 x ScaleFactor

 Suggestion for ScaleFactor is 250 / expect ed peak value of row0, (range 1-4)

Image Filters

Related Features: imageFilterMode, imageFilterType, imageFilterKernalSize, imageFilterContrastRatio

The c amera has a selection of image filters that c an be used to reduce image noise.

Use the feature imageFilterMode to turn t he filtering on or off. Use the feat ure imageFilterType to read the user information of the type of filter that is being used.

Kernels

Use the ImageFilterKernalSize feature to select the number of pixels involved in the filter or the kernel size. T he options are: 1 x 3 and 1 x 5 filter kernels.

The 1 x 3 and 1 x 5 filter kernels are “weighted average” filters.

The 1 x 3 filter kernel uses 75% of the original pixel and 12.5% of the adjacent pixels.

Figure 16. 1 x 3 kernel

The 1 x 5 filter kernel uses 50% of the original pixel and 12.5% of the adjacent two pixels on both sides of the original pixel.

Figure 17. 1 x 5 kernel

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  41

Image Filter Contrast Ratio

The image filter contrast ratio feature is used to determine when the filter is applied to the image data. The control looks at t he rat io between two adjacent pixels (prior t o filt er processing) on the sides of the relevant pixel and determines t he difference or contrast between those pixels.

If the c ontrast ratio is greater than the value set by the user, then the filter automatically turns off for those two pixels. If the c ontrast is below the set value, then the pixel filter is applied.

A value of 0 will turn off the filters for all pixels and a value of 1 will keep the filter on for all pixels.

Binning

See the sec tion Image Format Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam feat ures associated with this section and how to use them

Related Features: Horizontal Binning, Vertical Binning

In certain applications, lower image resolution may be acc eptable if t he desired defect detection can still be achieved.

Binning is a process whereby adjacent pixels are summed. The camera supports 1x, 2x, and 4x binning in bot h horizontal and vertical directions.

Vertical Binning is achieved by the c amera summing consecutive lines. Horizontal binning is achieved by averaging adjacent pixels in t he same line. 2x binning results in the object pixel doubling in size vertically, horizontally, or in both axes, as selected by the binning feat ure.

Vertical 2x binning will half the line rate output because two triggers are required read out the two lines to be summed. Horizontal 2x binning will halve the amount of image data out of t he camera. This can be used to save processing bandwidth in the host and storage space by creating smaller image file sizes. In these cameras, since adjacent pixels are summed (not averaged) the image gets brighter. 1 x 2 and 2 x 1 are twice as bright, 2 x 2 is four times brighter.

Figure 18. 2x2 Binning

For the camera, the default binning value is 1 x 1.

42  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Note: The Binning parameters can only be changed when image transfer to the frame grabber is

stopped. Refer to the “Acquisition and Transfer Control’ c ategory in the appendix for details on

stopping and starting the acquisition.

Using Area of Interest to Reduce Image Data & Enhance Performance

See the sec tion Image Format Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them

Related Features: AOI Count, AOI Selector, AOI Offset, AOI Width

If the c amera’s field of view includes areas t hat are not needed for inspection (also refer to the description in the Flat Field Calibrat ion Region of Interest section) then the user may want t o ignore this superfluous image data.

Eliminating unwanted image data that is visible in t he camera’s field of view reduces the amount of information the host computer needs to process. This may result in an increase t o the maximum allowable line rate when using 12-bit output data.

The c amera can accommodate up to four AOIs. Image data outside t he AOIs is discarded. Eac h AOI is user selected and its pixel boundaries defined. The camera assembles the individual AOI’s into one c ontiguous image line with a width equal to the sum of the individual AOIs. The frame grabber will need t o be adjusted to accommodate the smaller overall image width. As the host computer

defined the size of each individual AOI’s, it will be able to extract and process each individual AOI

from t he single larger image.

Steps to Setup Area of Interest

1. Plan your AOIs.

2. Stop acquisition.

3. Set the number of AOIs.

4. Select t he first AOI and set the offset and width.

5. If the other AOIs are large then you may need to select them first and reduce their widths.

6. Repeat for each AOI in turn.

7. Start acquisition.

The Rules for Setting Areas of Interest

 The rules are dic tated by how image data is organized for transmission over the available

CLHS data lanes.

 The c amera / XML will enforce these rules, truncating entered values where necessary.

1. Acquisition must be stopped t o change the AOI c onfiguration.

2. 1-4 AOI's can be selected.

3. Minimum width is 96 pixels per AOI. a. Minimum total of all AOI widths summed together must be at least 1,024.

4. Maximum width of all AOI widths summed together must be no more than = 16,384. a. There c an be maximum 8k bytes per CLHS lane.

5. AOI width st ep size is 32 pixels.

6. The offset of each AOI may be 0 to (16,384 – 96 = 16,288). a. Therefore overlapping AOI's are allowed.

7. Offset and width for individual AOI's will "push" one another. a. E.g. if AOI has offset 0, width 16,384, and the offset is c hanged to 4096, then the

width will be "pushed" to 12,288.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  43

b. AOI's only affect one another by limiting the maximum width.

8. AOI's are concatenated together in numerical order and sent to the frame grabber starting

at c olumn zero.

9. If the AOI count is reduced to less than t he current AOI count, the AOI selector will be

changed to the largest of the new AOI c ount available.

Customized Linearity Response (LUT)

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them

Related Features: lutitMode, lutType, gammaCorrection

Note: these features may only be useful in applic ations that use the frame grabber’s Mono Image Buffer Format. (See also the Pixel Format section.)

The Linea ML allows the user t o ac cess a LUT (Look- Up Table) to allow the user to c ustomize t he linearit y of how the c amera responds. This can be done by uploading a LUT to the camera using the file transfer features or by using the gammaCorrection feature.

The gamma c orrection value c an be adjusted by the user at any time.

When the LUT is enabled, t here is no change in maximum line rate or amount of data output from the c amera. The LUT c an be used with any mode of the camera. Further, when the LUT is enabled, it is rec ommended that the fixed Offset available in the Camera Control cat egory be set to zero.

To upload a LUT, use File Ac cess Control Category > Upload / Download File > Settings and select Look Up Table to upload a file.

The file format is described in 03-084- 20133 Linea ML Binary File Format which c an be obtained from T eledyne DALSA Technical Support. This document also includes Excel spread sheet examples.

How to Generate LUT with CamExpert

CamExpert can also be used to create a LUT file. The camera uses a 12-bit in / 12-bit out LUT (even if the camera is outputting an 8-bit image). CamExpert can be configured to create a 12-bit in / 16-bit out LUT - the camera will convert it to the required format.

1. Open CamExpert > version 8.40.

2. Device should be a Xtium2 connected to a Linea ML / HL camera.

3. Under Board select Basic Timing and set Pixel Depth to 12.

4. Under Board select Image Buffer and ROI and set Image Buffer Format to Monochrome 16 bits

5. Leave Image Buffer and ROI selected.

6. In the top menu select Pre-Processing | Lookup Table and set Enable.

7. In the same menu select Setting…

8. Configure the output LUT here by scrolling through the different options under Value. a. Some selections have additional parameters to configure (e.g. Gamma correction requires a

Correction factor).

9. Click on the Save LUT button to create a LUT file.

44  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

10. This file can loaded into the camera using the File Access features. It is saved with the current

Load / Save Configuration user set; ensure that a user set and not the factory set is selected,

otherwise the upload will fail.

11. Deselect the Lookup Table | Enable feature.

12. Return CamExpert to Pixel Depth = 8, and Image Buffer = 8 bits.

Important points:

 The frame grabber must be configured mono 12 bits in, 16 bits out.  In the Parameters explorer a frame grabber feature must be selected, not a camera feature.  The Lookup t able must be enabled to be created. But should be disabled to use the c amera

LUT.

Adjusting Responsivity and Contrast Enhancement

See the sec tion Camera Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this sec tion and how to use them.

Related Features: Gain Selector, Gain, Offset

It is best for camera performance to always use the maximum exposure time possible based on the maximum line rate of t he inspec tion system and any margin that may be required to accommodate illumination degradation. However, it will be nec essary t o adjust the responsivity to achieve the desired output from the camera. The camera has a gain feature that c an be used to adjust the camera’s responsivity.

Gain adjustment is available to independently adjust each line or all of t hem together. System Gain can be adjusted from 1 to 10x. Individual line gains c an be adjusted from 1 to 4x.

When an image contains no useful dark image data below a specific threshold, then it may be beneficial t o inc rease the contrast of the image.

The c amera has an offset feature that allows a specified level to be subtracted from the image data. The gain feature can then be used to return the peak image data to near output saturation with the result being increased image contrast.

First, determine the offset value you need to subtract from the image with the c urrent gain setting you are using. Then set t his as a negative offset value and apply additional gain to achieve t he desired peak image data values.

Note: A positive offset value is not useful for contrast enhancement. However, it can be used while measuring the dark noise level of the camera to ensure zero clipping is not present .

Changing Output Configuration

Pixel Format

See the sec tion Image Format Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them

Related Feature: Pixel Format

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  45

The c amera can output video data as 8-bit or 12-bit.

The Mono8 Pixel Format are selected when the user wants to process image data as one, two, or three separate image planes.

Note: the Pixel Format and associated features can only be changed when image t ransfer to the

frame grabber is stopped. Refer to the “Acquisition and Transfer Control’ c ategory in the appendix

for details on stopping and starting ac quisitions.

Using Two CLHS Cables

See the section Image Format Control Category in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them. 8K cameras support up to 2 fiber optic cables. The 16K model only supports 1 CX4 out put connector.

Relevant Features: Next CLHS Device Configuration

The 8K c amera has two CLHS compliant connectors. Control / Data1 is assigned as the master with Data 2 connector as t he slave. Use the ‘Next CLHS Device Configurat ion’ to select the desired number of cables (not relevant for the 16K). This feature also c ontrols lane selection. The Next CLHS Device Configuration becomes ac tive after power cycling the camera or reconnecting the cables.

Saving & Restoring Camera Setup Configurations

See the sec tion Camera Information Cat egory in Appendix A for GenICam features associated with this section and how to use them

Related Features: Power-up Configuration Selector, UserSet1 t hru UserSet16, User Set Selector, Power-on User Set, Current User Set

An inspec tion system may use multiple illumination, resolution, and responsivity configurations in order to c over the different t ypes of inspection it performs.

The c amera includes 16 user sets where camera setup information c an be saved to and restored from—either at power up, or dynamically during inspection.

The settings active during t he current operation can be saved using the user set selector and user set save features.

A previously saved user set ting (User Set 1 to 16) or the fac tory settings c an be restored using t he user set selector and user set load features.

Either the factory setting or one of t he user settings can be configured as t he default setting, by selecting t he set in the user set default selector. The set selected is the set that is loaded and becomes ac tive when the c amera is reset or powered up.

The relationship bet ween t he settings is illustrated in Figure 19. Relationship between the Camera Settings:

46  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Facrory Setting Active Setting

By GenIcam Command

1. Select a ‘User Set’

2. Initiate a ‘User Set Load’

User Setting

By GenIcam Command

1. Select a ‘User Set’

2. Initiate a ‘User Set Save’

By GenIcam Command

1. Select a ‘Factory Set’

2. Initiate a ‘User Set Load’

By GenIcam GenIcam Command

1. Select ‘Default Set’ as Factory (Saves Automatically)

By GenIcam Command

1. Select ‘Default Set’ as Uset Set # (Saves Automatically)

Power Up

Or Reset

Power Up

Or Reset

GenIcam Input

Figure 19. Relationship between the Camera Settings

Active Settings for Current Operation

Active settings are those settings used while the camera is running and include all unsaved changes made by GenICam input t o the settings.

These active settings are st ored in the camera’s volatile memory and will be lost and cannot be restored if the c amera resets, is powered down, or loses power during operation.

To save these settings so that t hey c an be restored next time you power up the camera, or to protec t against losing them in the case of power loss, you must save the current settings using the user set save parameter. Once saved, the current settings become t he selected user set.

User Setting

The user setting is the saved set of c amera configurations that you can c ustomize, resave, and restore. By default, t he user settings are shipped with the same settings as the factory set.

The c ommand user set save saves the c urrent settings to non-volatile memory as a user set. The camera automatically rest ores the user set c onfigured as t he default set when it powers up.

To restore a saved user set, set the user set selector to the set you want to rest ore and then select the user set load paramet er.

Factory Settings

The factory setting is the c amera set t ings that were shipped with the camera and which loaded during the c amera’s first power-up. T o load or restore the original factory set tings, at any time, select t he factory setting parameter and then select the user set load parameter.

Note: By default, the user settings are set to the factory settings.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  47

Default Setting

The default setting is the set loaded when the c amera is powered up. Either the factory or one of the user settings c an be used as the default setting by selecting the set to use in the user set default selector. The chosen set automatically becomes t he default setting and is the set loaded when the camera is reset or powered up.

48  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

A note on the CamExpert examples shown here: The examples shown for illustrative purposes and may not entirely reflect the features and parameters available from the camera model used in your application.

Appendix A: GenICam Commands

This appendix lists the available GenICam camera features. T he user may acc esses these features using the CamExpert interface or equivalent GUI.

Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are typically reserved for T eledyne DALSA Support or third party software usage, and not typically required by end user applications.

The following feature tables describe these paramet ers along with t heir view att ributes and in which version of the device t he feature was introduced. Additionally the Device Version column will indicat e which paramet er is a member of t he DALSA Features Naming Convention (using the tag DFNC), versus the GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention (SF NC tag not shown).

In the CamExpert Panes, parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application

The Device Version number represents the c amera firmware revision number.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  49

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Model Name

DeviceModelName

Displays the device model name. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Vendor Name

DeviceVendorName

Displays the device vendor name. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Part Number

deviceManufacturesPartNumber

Displays the device vendor part number. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Device Version

DeviceVersion

Displays the device version. Highlights if the firmw are is a beta or custom design. Updates when firmware upgraded. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Manufacturer Info

DeviceManufacturerInfo

This feature provides extended manufacturer information about the device. E.g. Whether product is standard or custom. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Camera Information Category

Camera information can be retrieved via a c ontrolling application. Parameters such as c amera model, firmware version, etc. are read to uniquely identify the connected camera. T hese features are typically read-only.

The Camera Information Category groups information specific to the individual c amera. In this category the number of features shown is identical whether the view is Beginner, Expert, or Guru.

Figure 20 Example CamExpert Camera Information Panel

Camera Information Feature Descriptions

50  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Serial Number

DeviceSerialNumber

Displays the device’s f actory set camera serial

number. Same as the camera label. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Device User ID

DeviceUserID

Feature to store user-programmable identifier of up to 31 characters. The default factory setting is the camera serial number. (RW)

1.00 Beginner

Pow er-up Configuration Selector

UserSetDefaultSelector

Selects the camera configuration set (Factory, UserSet 1 – 16) to load and make active on camera power-up or reset.

The camera configuration sets are stored in camera non-volatile memory. (RW)

1.00 Beginner

Load & Save Configuration

UserSetSelector

Selects the camera configuration set (Factory, UserSet 1 – 16) to load feature settings from or save current feature settings to.

The Factory set contains default camera feature settings. (RW)

1.00 Beginner

Pow er-on User Set

UserSetDefaultSelector

Allows the user to select between the factory set and 1 to 16 user sets to be loaded at power up

1.00 Beginner

Current User Set

UserSetSelector

Points to w hich user set (1-16) or factory set that is loaded or saved w hen the UserSetLoad or UserSetSave command is used.

1.00 Beginner

Load Configuration

UserSetLoad

Loads the camera configuration set specified by the User Set Selector feature, to the camera and makes it active. (W)

1.00 Beginner

Save Configuration

UserSetSave

Saves the current camera configuration to the user set specified by the User Set Selector feature. The user sets are located on the camera in non-volatile memory. (W)

1.00 Beginner

Pow er-on Status

deviceBISTStatus

Determine the status of the device using the ‘Built-In Self-Test’ (BIST). Possible return values are listed in Appendix B. (RO)

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Temperature

deviceTemperature

Displays the internal operating temperature of the camera. (RO)

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Refresh Temperature

refreshTemperature

Press to display the current internal operating temperature of the camera.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Input Voltage

deviceInputVoltage

Displays the input voltage to the camera at the power connector (RO)

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Refresh Voltage

refreshVoltage

Press to display the current input voltage of the camera at the power connector

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Restart Camera

DeviceReset

Used to restart the camera (Warm restart)

1.00 Beginner

Device Reset

DeviceReset

Press to reset or reboot the camera

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  51

Built-In Self-Test Codes (BIST)

In the Camera Information screen shot example above, the Power-On Status is showing the 23

status flags where ‘1’ is signaling an issue. When there are no issues, the Power-On st atus will indicat ed “Good”.

Details of the BIST c odes can be found in the Trouble Shooting Guide in Appendix B.

Camera Power-Up Configuration Selection Dialog

CamExpert provides a dialog box which c ombines t he menu option used t o select the c amera’s power-up state and the options for the user to save or load a camera state as a specific user set that is retained in the camera’s non-volatile memory.

Camera Power-up Configuration

The first drop list selects the camera configuration state to load on power-up (see feature UserSetDefaultSelector). The user chooses from the factory dat a set or from one of 16 available user-saved states.

User Set Configuration Management

The second drop list allows the user to c hange the camera configuration any time after a power-up (see feature UserSetSelector). To reset the camera to the factory configuration, select Factory Set and click Load. To save a current camera configuration, select User Set 1 to 16 and c lick Save. Select a saved user set and click Load to restore a saved configuration.

Camera Control Category

The c amera control c ategory, as shown by CamExpert, groups control parameters such as line rate, exposure time, scan direction, and gain.

52  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Device Scan Type Linescan

DeviceScanType

Used to set the camera scanning mode. Only standard line scan mode is available. (RO)

1.00 Beginner

SNFC

Sensor Color Type

sensorColorType

Identifies the sensor color type “Monochrome.” (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Camera Control Feature Descriptions

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  53

Figure 21: Camera Control Panel

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Acquisition Line Rate

AcquisitionLineRate

Specifies the camera internal line rate, in Hz when Trigger mode set to internal.

1.00 Beginner

Measured Line Rate

measuredLineRate

Specifies the line rate provided to the camera by either internal or external source (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Refresh Measured Line Rate

refreshMeasuredLineRate

Press to update measuredLineRate.

1.00 Beginner

TDI Mode

Planar Mode

Summed

Average

HDR Demo

sensorTDIModeSelection

TdiOff

TdiSum

TdiAvg

TdiHdr

Used to select the camera mode of operation

1.00 Beginner

TDI Stages1

sensorTDIStagesSelection

Lines1

Lines2

Lines3

Used to determine the number of row s to be summed or averaged. Not enabled w hen in planar or HDR modes. In planar mode the lines to output are configured using the component features in the Image Format category. HDR is fixed to the bottom two lines.

1.00 Beginner

Full Well Mode

sensorFullWellMode

Selects betw een low and high full well sensor row when TDI Stages is one. Low full well is four times more responsive.

1.00 Beginner

HDR Scale Factor

hdrScaleFactor

Multiply HDR image by this factor.

1.00 Beginner

Exposure Mode

ExposureMode

Sets the operation mode for the camera’s

exposure (or shutter). (RO)

1.00 Beginner

Timed

Sequential

Timed

Sequential

The sensor lines are exposed at the same time. The exposure duration time is set using the Exposure Time feature. If the lines have different exposure times then the longest starts immediately after the line trigger and the others are delayed so that they all finish at the same time.

Put the camera in a mode w here each line will be exposed separately but in a serial sequence

Exposure Time Selector

exposureTimeSelector

Select w hich sensor line the exposure time applies to

1.00 Beginner

Exposure Delay

exposureDelay

In Sequential exposure mode this feature defines the delay before each line is exposed. May be different for each row .

1.00 Beginner

Exposure Time

ExposureTime

Sets the exposure time (in microseconds).

1.00 Beginner

54  Cam era Performance and Featur es

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Direction Source

Internal

Line 2

Rotary Encoder

sensorScanDirectionSource

Internal

GPIO2

Encoder

This feature specifies how the scan direction is controlled.

Direction set with the sensorScanDirection feature

Direction controlled by Line 2 Forw ard: low, Reverse: high

Direction is determined from the shaft encoder. Only available w hen shaft encoder has been selected as the trigger source.

1.00 Beginner

Internal Scan Direction

sensorScanDirection

Forw ard Reverse

When ScanDirectionSource is set to Internal, determines the direction of the scan

1.00 Beginner

Gain Selector

System Gain

All Rows

Sensor Row 0

Sensor Row 1

Sensor Row 2

Sensor Row 3

GainSelector

System

All

Line0

Line1

Line2

Line3

Used to select which sensor line the gain is applied to

Overall camera gain applied to every sensor line equally

Gain applied to all sensor lines

Gain applied to all sensor row 0 only

Gain applied to all sensor row 1 only

Gain applied to all sensor row 2 only

Gain applied to all sensor row 3 only

1.00 Beginner

Gain

Sets the gain as per the gain selector setting

1.00 Beginner

Black Level

BlackLevel

Controls the black level as an absolute physical value. This represents a DC offset applied to the video signal, in DN (digital number) units. The value may be positive or negative.

1.00 Beginner

Line Spatial Correction

sensorLineSpatialCorrection

Sets the number of rows each line is delayed to establish spatial alignment.

Must stop acquisition to change.

1.00 Beginner

Image Distortion Correction Mode

imageDistortionCorrectionMode

Off Active

Used to enable parallax correction

1.00 Expert

Image Distortion Correction Algorithm

ParallaxCorrection

imageDistortionCorrection Algorithm

Read only. Indicates the type of correction algorithm used i.e. Parallax

1.00 Expert

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  55

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Image Distortion Correction Line Selector

Row 1

Row 3

imageDistortionCorrectionLineSelector

Used to select w hich line w ill be stretched to correct the image

1.00 Expert

Image Distortion Parallax Correction Pixel Stretch

imageDistortionParallaxCorrection PixelStretch

The stretch value in pixels at the ends of line one or three. Note the stretch value for line two is always half that of the stretch value regardless of which line is selected.

1.00 Expert

Save Image To Flash

saveLastImageToFlash

Captures the current line and saves it to the cameras Flash memory as a TIFF file that can be retrieved using the File Access Control Features

1.00 Guru

Digital I / O Control Category

The Digital I / O Control features are used to configure the c amera’s GPIO pins.

56  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Figure 22 Digital I/O Control Panel

Digital I/O Control Feature Descriptions

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Trigger Mode

TriggerMode

Internal

External

Determines the source of trigger to the camera, internal or external

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Trigger Source

TriggerSource

CLHS In

Rotary Encoder

GPIO1

Determines the source of external trigger

Source of trigger is from the frame grabber

Source of trigger is from the tw o shaft encoder inputs

Source of trigger is from Line 1 of the GPIO connector

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Trigger Input Line ActivationEdge

TriggerActivation

RisingEdge

FallingEdge

AnyEdge

Determines w hich edge of a input trigger will activate on. The tw o inputs are XOR’d together w hen Shaft Encoder is selected to provide a single signal.

The trigger is considered valid on the rising edge of the line source signal (after any processing by the line inverter module).

The trigger is considered valid on the falling edge of the line source signal.

The trigger is considered valid on any edge

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Rotary Encoder Direction

Counter Clockwise

Clockwise

rotaryEncoderDirection

CounterClockwise

Clockwise

Specifies the phase which defines the encoder forward direction

Inspection goes forw ard when the rotary encoder direction is counter clockwise (phase A is ahead of phase B)

Inspection goes forw ard when the rotary encoder direction is clockwise (phase B is ahead of phase A)

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Rotary Encoder Output Mode

rotaryEncoderOutputMode

Position

Motion

Specifies the conditions for the Rotary Encoder interface to generate a valid Encoder output signal.

Triggers are generated at all new position increments in the selected direction. If the encoder reverses no trigger events are generated until it has again passed the position w here the reversal started.

The triggers are generated for all motion increments in either direction.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Input Line Debouncing Period

lineDebouncingPeriod

Specifies the minimum delay before an input line voltage transition is recognizing as a signal transition.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  57

Rotary Encoder Multiplier

rotaryEncoderMultiplier

Specifies a multiplication factor for the rotary encoder output pulse generator.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Rotary Encoder Divisor

rotaryEncoderDivider

Specifies a division factor for the rotary encoder output pulse generator.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Rotary Encoder Rescaler Order

Multiplier Divider

Divider Multiplier

rotaryEncoderRescalerOrder

multiplierDivider

dividerMultiplier

Specifies the order that the multiplier and divider are applied.

The signal is multiplied before been divided.

The signal is divided before been multiplied

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Trigger Delay

TriggerDelay

Allows the trigger to the sensor to be delayed relative to camera input trigger

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Line Selector

Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6

LineSelector

GPIO 1 GPIO 2 GPIO 3 GPIO 4 GPIO 5 GPIO 6

Selects the physical line (or pin) of the external device connector to configure.

External trigger or rotary encoder A External direction or rotary encoder B Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Output Line Source

Off

outputLineSource

Off

Selects w hich internal signal to output on the selected line.

Current output line is set with outputLineSoftw areCmd

Current output line is configured w ith outputLinePulseDelay, outputLinePulseDuration, and LineInverter

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Output Line Pulse Delay

outputLinePulseDelay

Sets the delay (in µs) before the output line pulse signal. Applicable for the OutputLineSource feature.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

outputLinePulseDuration

Sets the width (duration) of the output line pulse in microseconds.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Line Inverter

Off

LineInverter

Off

Controls whether to invert the polarity of the selected input or output line signal.

1.00 DFNC Beginner

Output Line Softw are Command

Low

High

outputLineSoftw areCmd

Low

High

Set the GPIO out value when outputLineSource is off.

1.00 DFNC Expert

58  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Refresh Line Status

refreshLineStatus

Command CamExpert to update LineStatus

1.00 DFNC Expert

Line Status

Low

High

LineStatus

Low

High

Returns the current status of the line selected with LineSelector

(RO)

1.00 DFNC Expert

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Flat Field Correction Mode

flatfieldCorrectionMode

1.00

Off

FPN and PRNU correction disabled.

Beginner

FPN and PRNU correction enabled.

DFNC

Clear Coefficents

flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient

Reset all FPN to 0 and all PRNU coefficients to 1.

Calibration Algorithm

flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm

Selection betw een four different PRNU algorithms.

1.00 Beginner

Flat Field Category

The Flat Field c ontrols, as shown by CamExpert, group parameters used to control the FPN and PRNU calibration process.

Flat Field Control Feature Description

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  59

Figure 23: Flat Field Panel

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Peak

Calculation of PRNU coefficients to bring all pixels to the peak.

DFNC

Peak, Image Filtered

A low pass filter is applied to the average line values before calculating the coefficients. Use this algorithm if the calibration target is not uniformly white or if it is not possible to defocus the image. Because of the low pass filter, this algorithm is not able to correct pixel-to-pixel variations and so it is preferable to use the “Peak” algorithm.

Set Target

Calculation of PRNU coefficients to bring all pixels to the target value.

Set Target, Image Filtered

A low pass filter is applied to the average line values before calculating the coefficients. Use this algorithm if the calibration target is not uniformly white or if it is not possible to defocus the image. Because of the low pass filter this algorithm is not able to correct pixel-to-pixel variations and so it is preferable to use the “Target” algorithm.

Flat Field Calibration Target

flatfieldCalibrationTarget

Sets the target value for the “Calibrate PRNU” feature.

Flat Field ROI Offset X

flatfieldCalibrationROIOffsetX

Set the starting point of a region of interest where a flat field calibration w ill be performed

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Flat Field ROI Width

flatfieldCalibrationROIWidth

Sets the width of the region of interest where a flat field calibration w ill be performed

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Calibrate FPN

flatfieldCalibrationFPN

Initiates the FPN calibration process

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Calibrate PRNU

flatfieldCalibrationPRNU

Initiates the PRNU calibration process

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Flat Field Correction Current Active Set

flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet

Factory Set User set (1 thru 16)

Selects the User PRNU set to be saved or loaded.

Factory set can only be loaded. Only the PRNU values are saved

or loaded which is much faster than saving or loading the full Factory or User set.

1.00 Guru DFNC

60  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Save Calibration

flatfieldCalibrationSave

Saves the User PRNU set specified by flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet to the camera.

1.00 Guru DFNC

Load Calibration

flatfieldCalibrationLoad

Loads the User PRNU set specified by flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet to the camera and makes it active.

1.00 Guru DFNC

Output LUT Mode

lutMode

Allows the output LUT to be selected

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Off

The output LUT is disabled and linear data is output

Gamma Correction

The output LUT is populated using the gamma correction equation.

User Defined

LUT uploaded by the user is used.

Gamma Correction

gammaCorrection

The output LUT is populated using the following gamma correction equation:

𝐷𝑁

𝑜𝑢𝑡

= 255 × (

𝐷𝑁

𝑖𝑛

255

)

1 𝛾

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Image Filter Mode

imageFilterMode

Enable image filter.

Image Filter Type

imageFilterType

Read-only: Weighted Average

Image Filter Kernel Size

imageFilterKernelType

Kernel 1x3 or 1x5

Image Filter Contrast Ratio

imageFilterContrastRatio

0 to 1

Image Format Control Category

The c amera’s Image Format c ontrols, as shown by CamExpert, group parameters used t o c onfigure camera pixel format, image cropping, binning and test pattern generation features.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  61

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Pixel Format

Mono8

Mono12

PixelFormat

Mono8

Mono12

Output image pixel coding format of the sensor.

1.00 Beginner SFNC

Pixel Size

PixelSize

Number of bits per pixel (RO)

Pixel Color Filter

PixelColorFilter

Alw ays “None” for mono camera (RO)

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Line Select

ComponentSelect

Select line (0-3) to enable when in planar mode.

Line Enable

False

True

ComponentEnable

False

True

Enable/disables the selected line. Available only in planar mode.

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Sensor Width

WidthMax

Indicates the maximum number of pixels available in the long (line) axis the sensor.

Read only

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Horizontal Offset

OffsetX

Output image horizontal offset from the origin. This is always zero.

Read only

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Output Width

Width

Horizontal width of the out pixels. Equals the sum of AOI’s.

Read only

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Figure 24: Image Format Panel

Image Format Control Feature Description

62  Cam era Performanc e and Features

Height

Height of the image provided by the device (in object pixels) [1-4]

Read only.

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Binning Vertical

BinningVertical

Number of vertically adjacent pixels to sum together. This increases the intensity of the pixels and reduces the vertical resolution of the image [1, 2, 4]

1.00 Beginner SFNC

Binning Horizontal

BinningHorizontal

Number of horizontally adjacent pixels to sum together. This increases the intensity of the pixels and reduces the horizontal resolution of the image [1, 2, 4]

1.00 Beginner SFNC

Test Pattern

TestImageSelector

Selects the type of test image that is sent by the camera.

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Off Off

Selects sensor video to be output from sensor

Each Tap Fixed

Grey Horizontal Ramp

Each Tap Fixed

Grey Horizontal Ramp

Selects a grey scale value that is increased every 512 pixels.

Selects a grey scale ramp

Grey Vertical Ramp

Selects a grey scale ramp progressively for each row .

Grey Diagonal Ramp

Selects a combination of horizontal and vertical raps to form a diagonal grey scale.

User Pattern

User can define a test pattern by uploading to the camera a PRNU file using the FileAccess > Miscellaneous > User PRNU feature. The PRNU coefficient will be applied to a midscale (128DN) test image.

AOI Count

multipleROICount

Specified the number of AOI’s in an acquired

image, 1 to 4

1.00 Beginner SFNC

AOI Selector

multipleROISelector

Select 1 of up to 4 AOI’s w hen setting the AOI Offset & AOI Width

1.00 Beginner SFNC

AOI Offset

multipleROIOffsetX

Location of the start of a single Area of Interest to be output, must be a multiple of 32.

1.00 Beginner

AOI Width

multipleROIWidth

Width of the start of a single Area of Interest to be output.

Minimum is 96 per lane. e.g., if there is only one AOI spread across the 5 lanes then the minimum is 5 x 96 = 480.

Maximum of the sum of AOI w idth’s is the

sensor width. e.g., for a 16k sensor, if there are tw o AOI’s w ith the f irst 12k wide, then the second can be no wider than 4k.

1.00 Beginner

Input Pixel Size

pixelSizeInput

Size of the image input pixels, in bits per pixel. (RO)

1.00 DFNC Invisible

12 Bits/Pixel

Bpp12

Senor input data path is 12

Transport Layer Control Category

Note: All features shown in Guru visibility.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  63

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

XML Major Version

DeviceManifestXMLMajorVersion

Together with DeviceManifestXMLMinorVersion

specifies the GenICam™ f eature description XML

file version (RO)

1.00 Beginner DFNC

XML Minor Version

DeviceManifestXMLMinorVersion

Together with DeviceManifestXMLMajorVersion

specifies the GenICam™ f eature description XML

file version (RO)

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Refresh GenCP Status

refreshGenCPStatus

Press to update the GenCP Status

1.00 Beginner

Transport Layer Feature Descriptions

64  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Figure 25: Transport Layer Panel

Last GenCP Status

genCPStatus

If a feature read or w rite fails then Sapera only

returns that it fails – read this feature to get the

actual reason for the failure Returns the last error Reading this feature clears it

1.00 Beginner DFNC

CLHS Discovery

Discovery Disabled

Discovery Enabled

clhsDiscovery

Selects whether the camera needs to be commanded to send image data after power up

POGO (Power On & GO mode) – as soon as the camera detects a cable it enables its transmitters and starts sending image data

Camera waits for LL_Device_ID to be set before enabling its transmitters. User must then read XML and all features and then send an Acquisition Start before the camera will send image data.

1.00 Guru

DFNC

Next CLHS Device Configuration

One cable five lanes One cable one lane Two cable one lane

clhsNext DeviceConfig

When the camera is next pow ered up, the specified CLHS lane configuration will be set for the camera.

1.00 Guru

DFNC

Acquisition and Transfer Control Category

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  65

Display Name

Feature

Description

Device Version & View

Acquisition Mode

Continuous

AcquisitionMode

The device acquisition mode defines the number of frames to capture during an acquisition and the w ay it stops

Only continuous mode is currently available

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Acquisition Start

AcquisitionStart

Commands the camera to start sending image data. (WO)

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Acquisition Stop

AcquisitionStop

Commands the camera to stop sending image data at the end of the current line (WO)

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Acquisition Status

AcquisitionStatus

Indicates whether the camera has been commanded to stop or to send image data.

1.00 Beginner DFNC

Figure 26: Acquisition & Transfer Control Panel

Acquisition and Transfer Control Feature Descriptions

66  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Display Name

Feature

Description

View

File Selector

FileSelector

Selects the file to access. The files which are accessible are listed in the XML.

1.00 Beginner

Device Firmw are

Upload micro code, FPGA code &XML as a single file to the camera which will execute on the next camera reboot cycle.

DFNC

User Set

Use UserSetSelector to specify which user set to access.

Look-up Table

Use UserSetSelector to specify which LUT to access.

User PRNU

Use UserSetSelector to specify which user PRNU to access. User FPN

Use UserSetSelector to specify which user FPN to access.

File Access Control Category

The File Ac cess c ontrol in CamExpert allows the user t o quickly upload and download various data files to/from the c onnected the camera. The supported data files for the c amera include firmware updates and Flat Field c oefficients.

Note that the communic ation performance when reading and writing large files can be improved by stopping image acquisition during the t ransfer.

Figure 27: File Access Control Panel

File Access Control Feature Descriptions

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  67

Display Name

Feature

Description

View

Current PRNU

Accesses the PRNU coefficients that are currently being used by the camera (not necessarily saved).

CameraData

Download camera information and send for customer support.

File Operation Selector

FileOperationSelector

Selects the operation for the selected file in the device. This operation is executed w hen the File Operation Execute feature is called.

1.00 Guru

Open

Select the Open operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Select the Close operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Read

Select the Read operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

Write

Select the Write operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.

File Operation Execute

FileOperationExecute

Executes the operation selected by File Operation Selector on the selected file.

1.00 Guru

File Open Mode

FileOpenMode

Selects the access mode used to open a file on the device.

1.00 Guru

Read Write

Select READ only open mode Select WRITE only open mode

File Access Buffer

FileAccessBuffer

Defines the intermediate access buffer that allows the exchange of data between the device file storage and the application.

1.00 Guru

File Access Offset

FileAccessOffset

Controls the mapping offset between the device file storage and the file access buffer.

1.00 Guru

File Access Length

FileAccessLength

Controls the mapping length betw een the device file storage and the file access buffer.

1.00 Guru

File Operation Status

FileOperationStatus

Displays the file operation execution status. (RO).

1.00 Guru

Success

The last file operation has completed successfully.

Invalid Parameter

InvalidParameter

An invalid parameter was passed to the last feature called.

Write Protect

WriteProtect

Attempt to write to a read-only (factory) file.

File Not Open

FileNotOpen

The file has not been opened yet.

File Too Big

FileTooBig

The file is larger than expected.

File Invalid

FileInvalid

The last file operation has completed unsuccessfully because the selected file is not present in this camera.

File Operation Result

FileOperationResult

For Read or Write operations, the number of successfully read/written bytes is returned. (RO)

1.00 Guru

File Size

FileSize

Represents the size of the selected file in bytes.

1.00 Guru

68  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

File Access via the CamExpert Tool

1. Click on the “Setting…” button t o show the file Access Control dialog box.

Figure 28: File Access Control Tool

2. From the Type drop menu, selec t the file type that will be uploaded to the camera or

downloaded from the camera.

3. From the File Selector drop menu, select the file to be uploaded or downloaded.

4. To upload a file, click the Browse button to open a t ypical Windows Explorer window. a. Select the specific file from the system drive or from a network loc ation. b. Clic k the Upload button to execute the file transfer to the camera.

5. Alternatively, c lick the Download button and then specify the location where t he file should

be stored.

6. Note that firmware changes require t hat the c amera be powered down and then back up.

Additionally, CamExpert should be shut down and restarted following a reset.

7. Caution: Do not interrupt the file transfer by powering down the camera or closing

CamExpert.

CLHS File Transfer Protocol

If you are not using CamExpert t o perform file transfers, pseudo-code for the CLHS File Transfer Protocol is as follows.

Upload File

1. Select t he file by setting the FileSelector feature

2. Set the FileOpenMode to Read

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  69

3. Set the FileOperationSelector to Open

4. Open the file by setting FileOperationExecute to 1. This is a read-write feature - poll it every

100 ms until it returns 0 to indicate it has completed

5. Read FileOperationStatus to c onfirm that the file opened c orrectly

A return value of 0 is success. Error codes are listed in the XML.

6. Read FileSize to get the number of bytes in the file

7. From FileAccessBuffer.Length you will know that maximum number of bytes that can be

read through FileAccessBuffer is 988.

8. For Offset = 0 While ((Offset < FileSize) and (Status = 0)) Do a. Set FileAccessOffset to Offset b. Set FileAccessLength to min(FileSize - Offset, FileAccessBuffer.Length), the number

of bytes t o read

c. Set the FileOperationSelector t o Read d. Read the file by set t ing FileOperationExecute to 1 and poll until 0 and complete e. Read FileOperationStatus to confirm the read worked f. Read FileOperationResult t o confirm the number of bytes read g. Read the bytes from FileAccessBuffer h. Write bytes read t o host file.

9. Next Offset = Offset + number of bytes read

10. Set the FileOperationSelector to Close

11. Close the file by setting FileOperationExecute to 1 and poll until 0 and c omplete

12. Read FileOperationStatus to c onfirm the c lose worked

Download File

1. Select t he file by setting the FileSelector feature

2. Set the FileOpenMode to Write

3. Set the FileOperationSelector to Open

4. Open the file by setting FileOperationExecute to 1. This is a read-write feature - poll it every

100 ms until it returns 0 to indicate it has completed

5. Read FileOperationStatus to c onfirm that the file opened c orrectly. A return value of 0 is

success. Error codes are listed in the XML.

6. Read FileSize to get the maximum number of bytes allowed in the file

7. Abort and jump to Close if this is less the file size on the host

8. From FileAccessBuffer.Length you will know that maximum number of bytes that can be

written through FileAccessBuffer is 988.

9. For Offset = 0 While ((Offset < Host File Size) and (Status = 0)) Do a. Set FileAccessOffset to Offset b. Set FileAccessLength to min(Host File Size - Offset, FileAccessBuffer.Length), the

number of bytes t o write

c. Read next FileAccessLength bytes from host file. d. Write the bytes to FileAccessBuffer e. Set the FileOperationSelector to Write f. Write to the file by setting FileOperationExecute to 1 and poll until 0 and complete g. Read FileOperationStatus to confirm the write worked h. Read FileOperationResult t o c onfirm the number of bytes written

10. Next Offset = Offset + number of bytes written

11. Set the FileOperationSelector to Close

12. Close the file by setting FileOperationExecute to 1 and poll until 0 and c omplete

13. Read FileOperationStatus to c onfirm the c lose worked

70  Camera Performance and Features

Download a List of Camera Parameters

For diagnostic purposes you may want to download a list of all the parameters and values assoc iated with the c amera.

1. Go to File Access Control

2. Click on Settings

3. In the “Type” drop down box select “Miscellaneous.”

4. In the “File selector” drop down box select “CameraData.”

5. Hit “Download”

6. Save the text file and send the file to Teledyne DALSA customer support.

Appendix B: Trouble Shooting Guide

Diagnostic Tools:

Camera Data File

The c amera data file includes the operational c onfiguration and status of the camera.

This text file c an be downloaded from the camera and forwarded to Teledyne DALSA Technical Customer support team to aid in diagnosis of any reported issues. See Saving & Restoring Camera Setup Configurations of the user manual for det ails on downloading t he Camera Data file.

Voltage & Temperature Measurement

The c amera can measure t he input supply voltage at the power connector and t he internal temperature. Both of t hese features are accessed using the Camera CamExpertGUI > Camera Information tab. Press the associated refresh button for a real-time measurement.

Test Patterns – What Can They Indicate?

The c amera can generate fixed test patterns that may be used to determine the integrity of t he CLHS communications beyond the Loc k status. The t est patterns give t he user the ability to detect bit errors using an appropriate host application. This error detection would be difficult, if not impossible, using normal image data.

Note: gray images are displayed so t hat any bit error will immediately be apparent as c olored pixels in the image.

There are five test patterns that can be selected via the Cameras CamExpertGUI > Image Format tab. T hey have the following format when using 8-bit data:

 Each Tap Fixed

o Starting at 64 increases in by 4 steps every 512 pixels ending in 188.

 Grey Horizontal Ramp

o 2 horizontal ramps starting at 0 increases in by 1 every 32 pixels.

 Grey Vertical Ramp  Grey Diagonal Ramp

o Add horizontal and vertical ramps.

 User Pattern

o When selec ted, the camera will first output all pixels values to be half full sc ale. The

user can then generate a c ustom test pat tern by uploading PRNU c oefficients that appropriately manipulate t he half sc ale data to achieve the desired pattern. See sec tion Setting Custom Flat Field Coefficients for details.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  71

Bit Number

Name

Hex Position

Binary Translation

I2C

0x00000001

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001

FPGA_NO_INIT

0x00000002

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010

FPGA_NO_DONE

0x00000004

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100

SENSOR SPI

0x00000008

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000

ECHO_BACK

0x00000010

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000

FLASH_TIMEOUT

0x00000020

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000

FLASH_ERROR

0x00000040

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000

NO_FPGA_CODE

0x00000080

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000

NO_COMMON_SETTINGS

0x00000100

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000

NO_FACTORY_SETTINGS

0x00000200

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000

OVER_TEMPERATURE

0x00000400

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000

SENSOR PATTERN

0x00000800

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000

NO_USER_FPN

0x00001000

0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000

NO_USER_PRNU

0x00002000

0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000

CLHS_TXRDY_RETRY

0x00004000

0000 0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000

(Reserved)

0x00008000

0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000

NO_USER_SETTINGS

0x00010000

0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000

NO_ADC_COEFFICIENTS

0x00020000

0000 0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000

NO_SCRIPT

0x00040000

0000 0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000

(Reserved)

0x00080000

0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000

(Reserved)

0x00100000

0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

(Reserved)

0x00200000

0000 0000 0010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

NO_FACT_PRNU

0x00400000

0000 0000 0100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

NO_FATFS

0x00800000

0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

LED State

Description

Off

Camera not pow er up or waiting for the software to start

Constant Red

The camera BIST status is not good. See BIST status for diagnosis.

Blinking Red

The camera has stopped output and has shut down some components due to an over temperature condition.

Blinking Orange

Pow ering Up. The microprocessor is loading code.

Blinking Green

Hardware is good, but the CLHS connection has not been established or has been broken.

Constant Green

The CLHS Link has been established and data transfer may begin

Built-In Self-Test Codes

The Built-In Self- test (BIST) c odes are located in the Camera Information pane under Power-on Status. None of t hese should occur in a properly functioning camera except OVER_TEMPERATURE. OVER_TEMPERATURE occurs if there ambient temperature is too high, there is insufficient air circulation or heat sinking.

Status LED

A single red / green LED is located on the back of t he camera to indicate status.

72  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Resolving Camera Issues

Communications:

No Camera Features when Starting CamExpert

If the c amera’s CamExpert GUI is opened and no features are listed, t hen the camera may be experiencing lane lock issues.

While using the frame grabber CamExpert GUI you should be able to see a row of status indicators below the image area that indicates the status of the CLHS c ommunications. These indicators include seven lane lock status and a line valid (LVAL) status.

If the status for one or more lane locks is red, then there is likely an issue with the CLHS connectors at the c amera and / or frame grabber. Ensure that the connectors are fully engaged and that the jack sc rews are t ightened. Ensure that you are also using the recommended c ables.

No LVAL

If the LVAL status is red and all lane locks are green, then there may be an issue with t he camera receiving the encoder pulses.

1. From the Camera CamExpert > Digital I / O Control tab, select Internal Trigger Mode and

set the CamExpert > Camera Control tab Ac quisition Line Rate to the maximum that will be used.

2. The trigger signal from the frame grabber will not be used and the LVAL status should now

be green. T his will c onfirm the integrit y of the image data portion of the CLHS c abling and connectors.

3. From the Camera CamExpert > Digital I / O Control t ab, select External T rigger Mode.

4. From the Frame Grabber CamExpert > Advanc ed tab, select the Line Sync Source to be

Internal Line Trigger and the Internal Line Trigger frequency to the maximum that will be used.

5. The trigger source is now being generated by the frame grabber and the LVAL status should

be green. T his will c onfirm the integrity of the General Purpose I / O port ion of the CLHS cabling and c onnectors.

6. From the Frame Grabber CamExpert > Advanc ed tab, select the Line Sync Source to be

External Line Trigger and select the Line Trigger Method to Method 2 under the same tab.

7. From the Frame Grabber CamExpert > External T rigger tab, select External Trigger t o be

enabled. If LVAL status turns red, check the following:

a. Is the transport system moving such that encoder pulses are being generated? b. Has the encoder signal been connected to the c orrect pins of the I/O c onnector of the

frame grabber? See the XTIUM-CLHS frame grabber user manual for details.

c. Do the enc oder signal levels conform to the requirements outlined in the XT IUM-

CLHS frame grabber user manual?

Image Quality Issues

Vertical Lines Appear in Image after Calibration

The purpose of flat field c alibration is to c ompensate for the lens edge roll-off and imperfections in the illumination profiles by creating a uniform response. When performing a flat field c alibration, the c amera must be imaging a flat whit e target that is illuminated by the ac tual lighting used in the application. Though t he camera compensates for illumination imperfection, it will also compensate

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  73

for imperfections such as dust, scratches, paper grain, etc . in the white reference. Once the white reference is removed and the c amera images the material t o be inspected, any white reference imperfections will appear as vertical stripes in the image. If the whit e reference had imperfec t ions that caused dark features, there will be a bright vertical line during normal imaging. Similarly, bright features will c ause dark lines. It c an be very difficult t o achieve a perfec tly uniform, defec t free white reference. T he following two approaches c an help in minimizing the effec ts of white reference defects:

1. Move the white reference c loser to or further away from the object plane such that it is out

of focus. This can be effective if t he illumination profile changes minimally when relocating the white reference.

2. If the white reference must be located at the object plane, then move the white reference in

the sc an direction or sideways when flat field c alibration is being performed. T he camera averages several thousand lines when capturing calibration reference images so any small imperfections are averaged out.

3. Use the c ameras flat field c alibrat ion filter feature, as detailed in the user manual Flat Field

Calibration Filter section. This algorithm implements a low pass moving average that covers several adjacent pixels. T his filter can help minimize the effects of minor imperfec tions in the white reference. Note: this filter is NOT USED in normal imaging.

Over Time, Pixels Developing Low Response

When flat field c alibration is performed using a white reference, as per t he guidelines in the user manual, all pixels should achieve t he same response. However, over time dust in the lens extension tube may migrate to the sensor surface and reduce t he response of some pixels.

If the dust particles are small, they may have only a minor effect on responsivity, but still create vertical dark lines that interfere with defect detection and that need to be c orrected.

Because repeating the flat field c alibration with a white reference may not be pract ical while the camera installed in the system, the c amera has a feature where the flat field c oefficients can be downloaded to t he host PC and adjusted using a suitable application, such as Microsoft Excel. (See sec tion Set ting Custom Flat Field Coefficients for details.)

If the locat ion of the pixel returning a low response c an be identified from the image, then t he correction coefficient of that pixel c an be adjusted, saved as a new file, and then uploaded to the camera; thereby correcting the image without performing a flat field calibration.

See the user manual for details on downloading and uploading c amera files using CamExpert.

Note that dust accumulation on t he lens will not c ause vertical lines. However, a heavy acc umulation of dust on the lens will eventually degrade the camera’s responsivity and focus qualit y.

Continuously Smeared, Compressed or Stretched Images

When ac curate synchronization is not ac hieved, the image appears smeared in the scan direction.

If the EXSY NC pulses are c oming too fast, then the image will appear smeared and stretched in the mac hine direct ion. If the pulses are too slow, then the image will appear smeared and compressed.

Check the resolution of the encoder used to generate the EXSY NC pulses, along with the size of the rollers, pulleys, gearing, etc . to ensure that one pulse is generated for one pixel size of t ravel of the object.

74  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

It is also important that the direction of image travel ac ross the sensor is matc hed to the camera’s scan direction, as set by the user. See ‘Scan Direction’ in t he user manual for more informat ion.

If the scan direction is incorrect, then the image will have a significant smear and image artifacts in the sc an direction. Changing t he scan direction t o the opposite direction should resolve this problem.

Refer to ‘Camera Orientation’ in the user manual to determine the correct direction orientation for

the c amera.

Note that the lens has a reversing effect on motion. That is, if an object passes the lens-outfitted camera from left to right, the image on t he sensor will pass from right to left. The diagrams in the user manual take the lens effect into account.

It is not always possible to establish the exact EXSYNC resolution or lens magnification to ensure acc urate synchronization. To alleviate this problem, the camera has a spatial c orrection feature

that can make fine adjustment t o restore the alignment. (See section ‘Compensating for Encoder Errors’ for details.)

Randomly Compressed Images

It is possible that when the scan speed nears the maximum allowed, based on t he exposure time used, t he image will be randomly compressed and possibly smeared for short periods in the scan direction.

This is indicative of t he inspection systems transport mec hanism dynamics c ausing momentary over-speed conditions. The camera can tolerate very short durations of over-speed, but if it lasts too long, then the camera can only maintain its maximum line rate , and some EXSYNC pulses will be ignored, resulting in the occasional c ompressed image.

The loss EXSYNC due to over- speed may also cause horizontal image artifacts.

Over-speeding may be due to inertia and / or backlash in the mechanical drive mechanism, causing variations around t he target speed.

The greater the speed variation, the lower t he target speed needs to be to avoid over-speed conditions. If the speed variation can be reduced by eliminating the backlash in the transport mec hanism and / or optimizing t he motor controller c haracteristics, then a higher target speed will be achievable.

Distorted Image when Slowing Down Changing Direction

The c amera must align the rows in a fashion that accurately follows the object motion.

When the scan direction c hanges, then t he process must reverse to match the reversed image motion across the sensor.

Only when all rows being ac c umulated have received t he same image will the output be correct. Prior to this some lines have been exposed to one direction and other lines exposed to the opposite direction in t he acc umulated output.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  75

Power Supply Issues

For safe and reliable operation, the camera input supply must be +12 V to +24 V DC with a ±5% tolerance.

The power supply to the camera should be suitably c urrent limited, as per the applied input voltage of between +12 V to +24 V.

Assume a worst c ase power c onsumption of +24 W and a 150% current rating for the breaker or fuse.

Note that the camera will not st art t o draw c urrent until the input supply is above approximately

10.5 V and 200 msec has elapsed. If t he power supply stabilizes in less than 200 msec, then inrush current will not exc eed normal operating current.

It is important to c onsider how much voltage loss occurs in the power supply cabling to t he camera, particularly if t he power c able is long and the supply is operating at +12 V where the current draw is highest.

Reading the input supply voltage as measured by the camera will give an indicat ion of the supply drop being experienced.

The c amera tolerates “hot” unplugging and plugging.

The c amera has been designed t o protect against accidental application of an incorrect input supply, up to reasonable limits.

With the following input power issues, the status LED will be OFF:

 The c amera will protec t against t he application of voltages above approximately +28 V. If

the overvoltage protection threshold is exceeded, then power is turned off to the camera’s

internal c ircuitry. The power supply must be recycled to recover camera operation. The input protec tion circuitry is rated up t o an absolute maximum of +30 V. Beyond this voltage, t he camera may be damaged.

 The c amera will also protect against the accidental application of a reverse input supply up

to a maximum of - 30 V. Beyond this voltage, the camera may be damaged.

Causes for Overheating & Power Shut Down

For reliable operation, the camera’s face plate temperature should be kept below +65 °C and the internal temperature kept below +70 °C.

Many applic ations, such as in clean rooms, cannot tolerate the use of forced air c ooling (fans) and therefore must rely on convection.

The c amera’s body has been designed with integrated heat fins to assist with c onvection c ooling.

The fins are sufficient to keep t he camera at an ac ceptable temperature if convection flow is unimpeded.

The c amera also benefits from conducting heat away from the body via the fac e plate into the lens extension tubes and camera mount. It is therefore important not to restrict convection airflow around the c amera body, especially the fins and the lens assembly and camera mount. Lowering the ambient temperature will equally lower the camera’s t emperature.

76  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

If the c amera’s internal temperature exceeds +80 °C, then the camera will partially shut down to protec t itself against damage.

Commands can still be sent t o the c amera to read t he temperature, but the image sensor will not be operational and LVAL in response to line triggers will not be generated.

Additionally, the camera’s power will reduce to approximat ely 70% of normal operation. If t he camera’s temperature c ontinues to rise, at +90 °C the c amera will further reduce it power to approximat ely 30% of normal operation and any communication with the camera will not be possible.

The only means to recover from a thermal shutdown is to turn the c amera’s power off. Once the

camera has c ooled down, the camera data c an be restored by reapplying power to t he camera.

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  77

Declaration of Conformity

78  Cam era Performance and Fe atures

Revision

Description

Date

In itial release.

26 February 2019

Document Revision History

Cam era Performance and Fe atures  79

Dalsa Linea ML ML-FM-08K30H-00-R, Linea ML ML-HM-16K30H-00-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual