Dalsa 1M75-SA, 1M28-SA User Manual

1M28-SA

1M75-SA

One Megapixel CMOS Stop Action Camera Family

Camera User’s Manual

03-32-00525 rev 03

Printed 06/12/03 4:43 PM

2 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

© 2003 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No
responsibility is assumed by DAL S A for its use. DALSA reserves the right to make change s to this
information without notice. Reprod uction of this manual in whole or in part, by a ny means, is prohibited
without prior permission having been obtained from DALSA.

About DALSA

DALSA is an international high performance se miconductor and ele ctronics company th at designs,
develops, manufactures, and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing
wafer foundry services. DALSA’s core competencies are in specialized integrated circuit and electronics
technology, and highly engineered semiconductor wafer processing. Products include image sensor
components; elec tronic digital cameras; and semiconductor wafer foundry services for use in MEMS,
power semiconductors, image sensors and mixed signa l CMOS chips.

DALSA is a public company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “DSA”. Based in
Waterloo, On. Canada, the company has operations in Bromont, PQ; Colorado Springs, CO; Tucson, AZ;
Eindhoven, NL; Munich, Germany and Tokyo, Japan.

All DALSA products are manufactured using the latest state-of-the-art equipment to ensure prod uct
reliability. All electro nic modules and came ras are subjected to a 24 hour burn-in t e st.

For further informatio n not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s extensive line of
image sensing products, ple ase call:

DALSA Sales Offices

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46770
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467746
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171-0014
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[phone]

(phone)
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Breslauer Str. 34
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(Munich)
Germany
Tel: +49 - 8142 –

46770
Fax: +49 - 8142 –

467746
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo

171-0014
Japan
[phone]

(phone)
[phone]

(fax)
www.dalsa.com
[e-mail]

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 3

Contents

Contents

ContentsContents

Introduction to the 1M28 and 1M75 __________________________________________ 5

1.1 Camera Highlights.......................................................................................................................................................5

1.2 Image Sensor...............................................................................................................................................................6

1.3 Pixel Response.............................................................................................................................................................9

1.4 Gain Response .............................................................................................................................................................12

1.5 Spectral Responsivity....................................................................................................................................................15

1.6 Region of Interest (ROI)...............................................................................................................................................15

1.7 Camera Performance Specifications.............................................................................................................................16

Camera Hardware Interface________________________________________________ 19

2.1 Configuration...............................................................................................................................................................19

2.2 Installation Overview...................................................................................................................................................19

2.3 Input/Output................................................................................................................................................................20

2.4 Default Settings............................................................................................................................................................20

2.5 Connectors....................................................................................................................................................................20

2.6 Power Supplies ............................................................................................................................................................22

2.7 Control Inputs, Camera Link........................................................................................................................................22

2.8 Data Bus, Camera Link................................................................................................................................................22

2.9 Timing..........................................................................................................................................................................23

2.10 Dummy Test Row .......................................................................................................................................................27

2.11 LED Status..................................................................................................................................................................27

Software Interface: Controlling the Camera _____________________________________ 29

3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................29

3.2 PFRemote Configuration Tool......................................................................................................................................30

3.3 Modifying Camera Registers ........................................................................................................................................32

3.4 Register Descriptions....................................................................................................................................................33

3.5 PFLIB API Commands..................................................................................................................................................40

Optical and Mechanical Considerations________________________________________ 41

4.1 Mechanical Interface ....................................................................................................................................................41

4.2 Optical Interface...........................................................................................................................................................42

4.3 Compliance...................................................................................................................................................................42

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1

Introduction to the 1M28

Introduction to the 1M28

Introduction to the 1M28Introduction to the 1M28
and 1M75

and 1M75

and 1M75and 1M75

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

• “Stop Action” (SA) imaging.

•Exposure control.

• 1-Megapixel (1024 x 1024) resolution.

• Up to 75 frames per second (fps).

• CMOS image sensor.

• LINLOG™ output response.

• Windowing capability for increased frame rates.

• CE compliant, shock an d vibration tested.

• Single 5V power supply input.

• Robust and compact.

Programmability

• Programmable features include: gain, offset, line rates, trigger mode, test pattern
output, and camera diagnostics.

• DLLs for integrating camera control functions into your system. The DLLs require a
framegrabber that has a virtual COM port, or a COM port input.

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Description

The 1M28 and 1M75 Cameras are based on a specially develope d high-performance
CMOS image sensor, wh ich enables high spee d, global shutter technology for snap-shot
imaging, and award winni ng LINLOG technology for over 120dB of intrascene dynamic
range. The camera was developed for industrial visi on applications targeting the best
today’s CMOS image sensor technology can offer. Special effort was put into the
development of a versatile, user-friendly, and robust camera.

Applications

The 1M28 and 1M75 are aimed at demanding applications i n industrial image processing
and measurement and are ideal for applications with large illumination differences. Some
applications include:

• Electronics manufacturing

• Welding inspection

• Traffic management

1.2 Image Sensor

The 1M28 and 1M75 cameras use a h igh-performance megapi xel CMOS image sensor
capable of windowing and a dyn am ic range of 120dB.

Table 1: Sensor Characteristics

Pixel number 1024 x 1024
Pixel size
Full well capacity (Saturation) 200 000 electrons
Shutter Mode Global, non-rolling
Min. Region of Interest (ROI) 4 rows x 1 column
Fill Factor 35% (diode area only)
Quantum Sensitivity
Inpixel programmable gain ~4x

Response Linear, LINLOG
Dynamic Range 48dB linear (8bit); 120dB LINLOG
Quantum Efficiency 25% (including fill factor)
Exposure Time 1 µs—0.5s in steps of 35ns
Sensitivity 10 µJ/m2/LSB @630 nm, 8 bit
Spectral Range 400 - 800nm
Number of outputs 1 or 4
Dimensions 55 mm (B) x 55 mm (H) x 50 mm (L)
Weight 200g

10.6 x 10.6 µm

2µV/electron (8µV/electron with gain)

TM,

, or logarithmic

TM

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 7

Table 2: Cosmetic Specifications for the 1M28 and 1M75

Blemish Specification Value

A Number of first and last columns excluded 4
B Number of first and last rows excluded 4
C Blemish pixel deviation from average output under

illumination

D Blemish pixel deviation from average dark level, measured

at dark
E Maximum number of bright single pixel blemish e s at dark 300
F Maximum n umber of bright single pixel bl emishes under

illumination
G Maximum number of dark single pixel blemishes und e r

illumination
H Maximum number of bright clusters at dark 10
I Maximum number of bright clusters under illumination 2
J Maximum number of dark clusters under illumination 10
K Maximum size of bright clusters at dark 2
L Maximum size of bright clusters under illumination 2
M Maximum size of dark clusters under illumination 6

over 30DN and under
20DN

over 30DN

225

40

Notes:

1. Blemishes are measured over an entire frame of data and counted within the fram e
boundaries defined by A and B above.

2. Single pixel ble mishes are defined as a pixel with an output as defined in C and D. A
bright single pixel defect occurs when the pixel exceeds the average output as defined
in C and a dark single pixel defect occurs when the pixel is below the average output
as defined in C.

3. Clusters are a group of adjacen t blemishes.

4. Illumination an alysis done at half saturatio n: the average pixel output of all pixels
within the frame i s 128DN.

5. All tests conducted with gain off and skimming off with QTH lamp (color temp.
3200K) with Wide Band Hot Mi rror (750n m cutoff).

6. Exposure time set to 10ms.

7. Camera operating in linear mode.

8. Camera operating under 25°C ambient temperature.

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Sensor Cosmetics: Blemishes Types

The 1M28 and 1M75 one megapi xel CMOS sensor has two differe nt blemish types,
referred to as hot pixels (bright blemishes) and dark blemishes.

Hot Pixels

Hot pixels are pixels that generate excessi ve amounts of dark current relative to other
pixels. Some hot pixels will generate dark current at 10 to 20 times the rate of a normal
pixel. Hot pixels are isolated single pixel defects. They follow the general rule of thumb
for dark current where the dark current doubles every 7-8°C. They are more easily
recognizable when the camera is in dark conditions.

Figure 1: Typical Output at Dark, 1ms Exposure Time

Figure 1 depicts the n umber of pixels that generate larger amounts of dark c urrent than
your average pixel—the average pixel level output is 7DN.

Figure 2: Typical Output at Dark, 10ms Exposure Time

Figure 2 depicts the n umber of pixels that generate larger amounts of dark c urrent than
your average pixel—the average pixel level output is 8DN.

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Figure 3: Typical Output at Half Saturation, 1ms Exposure Time

Figure 3 depicts the histogram of pixel output values when the average pixel level output
is 128DN.

Figure 4: Typical Output at Half Saturation, 10ms Exposure Time

Figure 4 depicts the histogram of pixel output values when the average pixel level output
is 128DN.

Dark Blemishes

Dark blemishes are areas of t h e sensor where the pixel(s) are not as responsive as the
average pixel. Dark blemishes can be isolat ed single pixel defects, but can also be foun d in
clusters. Figure 3 and F igure 4 show the distribution of dark blemishes.

1.3 Pixel Response

Three principal modes of pixel response are possible: Linear response, LINLOG response
for high dynamic imaging, and logarithmic response for high dynamic imaging.

Linear response

In the linear response mode, the camera works similar to a classical CCD camera,
integrating the photo-generated charges in each pixel during the exposure time. In this
mode the output signal is a linear function of the number of photons accumulated in each
pixel during the integration time. If the number of photons accumulated in one pixel
exceeds the pixel capacity, the pixel saturates, and the output signal is truncated to the
maximum level.

This mode is advantageous if linearity of the response is needed over the whole dynamic
range, and for applications w i th intra scene dynamics up to 40dB-60dB amplitude.

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LINLOGTM response

In the LINLOG mode the pixel response can be influenced to prevent pixel saturation. At
low intensities, each pixel has a linear response. Once a threshold of charge collected is
reached, the pixel changes its response to a log ari thmic compression. This pre vents the
saturation of the pixel response and permits an e xtremely high in tra scene dynamic above
120dB. The threshold when
the pixel passes from a li near
to a logarithmic response is
programmable by software.
Special care has been
invested to keep this
transition contin uous and
smooth. The LINLOG
response is compatible w ith
the global shutter technique
(all pixels are exposed at the
same time) which prevents
motion artefacts known from
classical logarithmic sensors.
The LINLOG technology
further overcomes image lag,
or ghost images related to the
slow response speed of pure
logarithmic sensors. The
LINLOG response is best
suited for application with
uncontrolled illumination conditions or high intrascene contrasts where a high pixel
response is needed. We l d i ng and traffic management are two application examples best
suited for the LINLOG re spon se.

Response

20
18

16
14

12
10

LINLOG
response

8

6
4

2

Logarithmic
response

0

0 5 10 15 20 25

LINLOG

TM

Transition

TM

Intensity

LINLOG values are set using the PFRemote configuration tool. See section 3.2 PFRemote
Configuration Tool for details.

LINLOG Parameter Adjustment Procedure

There is no direct formula for the interactions of LL1, LL2, and COMP. To determine
optimal settings, use the flowchart on the next page.

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Figure 5: LINLOG Parameter Adjustment Procedure

START

Take a picture

Analyze the

overexposed areas

LL1 = 0000h
LL2 = 0000h
TIME = 0

Rough settings LL1

Phase 1

Initial value LL1 = 62.5

Take a picture

Find the center of gravity

decrease

LL1

of the histogram of the

overexposed areas

increase

LL1

Phase 2

Phase 3

decrease

COMP

too low

Gray scale 160 < < Gray scale 200

overexposed areas acceptable ?

Center of
gravity of

histogram

Rough setting for COMP

Initial value = 5

Take a picture

Is the contrast in the

Yes

increase

COMP

too high

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Rough settings for LL2

Initial value LL2 = 37.5

Phase 3

LL2 < LL1

Take a picture

Phase 4

Phase 5

decrease

LL2

too high

Is the contrast in the

overexposed areas acceptable ?

Yes

Black adjust

Fine adjustment of

LL1
LL2

COMP

Black adjust

Adjustment of

characteristics using LUT,

optimized for the

application's gray scale

output: 8 Bit

increase

LL2

too low

1.4 Gain Response

The cameras feature two gain options: Camera Gain and Skimming Gain.

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 13

Camera Gain (Highgain)

A preprogrammed off-chip amplification of either 1x or 4x gain b e fore AD conversion can
be applied. This gain allows one to get more information out of sparsely illuminated
scenes, or increases the spread of gray levels when using strong logarithmic compression.

Skimming Gain

This gain can amplify small signal levels before readout, thereby increasing sensitivity
before readout noise adds to the signal. Due to the thermally generated leakage current,
this gain is only suitable for relatively short exposure times since it significantly increases
the FPN created by thermal current. The skimming gain can be combined with LINLOG
response, though the LINLOG transition parameters have to be chosen carefully to
prevent blackout of the sensor. The skimming gain should not be used with very short
frame periods, since it has a slightly increased time constant.

Both gains can be combined, though this increases FPN significantly and usually requires
you to recalibrate the black level.

Figure 6: Skimming and Camera Gain

Camera

Sensor

Signal

Skimming Gain
1x or 4x

Note: In skimming m o de increased responsivity re sults in a nonlinear output.
Note: Gain values are set using the PFRemote configuration tool. See section 3.2

PFRemote Configuration Tool for details.

Camera Gain
1x or 4x

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Figure 7: Camera Output Performance Skimming On vs. Skimming Off

Tint = 10ms λ =

250

200

150

100

Greyscale

50

0

0.00E+00 1.00E-05 2.00E-05 3.00E-05 4.00E-05

Intensity [W/cm2]

λ = 626nm

λ =λ =

No skimming

Skimming on

Figure 8: Highlight of Low Intensity Values

Tint = 10ms λλλλ = 626nm Zoom in

180
160
140
120
100

80

Greyscale

60
40
20

0

0.00E+00 1.00E-06 2.00E-06 3.00E-06 4.00E-06 5.00E-06

I [W/cm2]

No skimming
Skimming on

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 15

1.5 Spectral Responsivity

Figure 9: 1M28-SA and 1M75-SA Spectral Responsivity

The cameras are shipped without any filters. The quantum response is only l i mited by the
physics of silicon in manufacturing technologies. This permits applications in the near UV
as well as in the IR Band. For classical visible applications, consi d er the use of IR stop
filters to increase the sharpness of the images since commercial lenses often cannot
provide proper focalization over such a large spectrum.

Note: Although not shown, the cameras are responsive to light from 380 to 1100nm .

1.6 Region of Interest (ROI)

The CMOS sensor allows you access to subregions of the pixel matrix through the region

Note: To set the ROI,
refer to Chapter 3.
Software Interface:
Controlling the Camera.

of interest function. The benefit of limiting the region of interest is the resulting increase
in frame rate.

In Y direction the ROI can be placed arbitrarily, and can be as small as a single line. The
frame rate increases linearly with a reduction in lines read out.

In X direction t he ROI must incl ude at least 4 column s for the 1M28 camera and at least 8
columns for the 1M75. If this condition is respected, the speed increase in column
direction is also linear to the reduction in read out columns.

Theoretically, t he smallest ROI is 4 columns x 1 row for the 1M28, an d 8 columns x 1 row
for the 1M75.

Table 3: Max Frame Rate versus Resolution (Exposure Time = 10µs)

ROI Dimension (col x line) 1M28 1M75

512 x 512 105 Fps 286 Fps
256 x 256 411 Fps 1070 Fps
128 x 128 1587 Fps 3700 Fps
128 x 16 11111 Fps 22000 Fps

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ROI Dimension (col x line) 1M28 1M75

1024 x 1 20000 Fps 37000 Fps

1.7 Camera Performance Specifications

Table 4: 1M28 an 1M75 Performance Specifications

Physical Characteristics Units Notes

Power Dissipati o n, typ W 2
Time to power up, typ sec. 5
Data output format bits 8 and 10 Camera Link™ 2
Sensor Alignment x, y

z
0z

µm
mm
°

±300
±0.10
±0.5

Operating Ranges Units Min

(1M28

Max
(1M28)

Max

(1M75)
and
1M75)

Data Rate, Internal MCLK MHz 28.375 40

External MCLK MHz 20 (1M28)

10 (1M75)

Temperature °C 0 40 40 1

Frame Rate Units Min Max

Full resol u tion (1024 x 1024) fps 1 27 75
With windowing fps >100,000 >100,000

Electro-Optic

Units Gain Value Description Notes

28.375 20

Max

(1M28)

(1M75)

Specifications

Average
Broadband
Responsivity, typ

Dynamic Range
(rms), max

DN/(nJ/

2

)

cm

Ratio 1x 490:1 Skimming off, Gain

1x 0.7 Skimming off, Gain

off

~4x 2.8 Skimming on, Gain

off

4x 2.8 Skimming off, Gain

on

~16x 11.2 Skimming on, Gain

on

off

~4x 350:1 Skimming on, Gain

off

4x 350:1 Skimming off, Gain

on

Notes

Notes

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 17

Electro-Optic

Units Gain Value Description Notes

Specifications

~16x 196:1 Skimming on, Gain

on

RMS Noise, max DN 1x 0.5 Skimming off, Gain

off

~4x 0.7 Skimming on, Gain

off

4x 0.7 Skimming off, Gain

on

~16x 1.25 Skimming on, Gain

on

FPN (rms), max DN 1x 3.0 Skimming off, Gain

off

~4x 5.0 Skimming on, Gain

off

4x 8.5 Skimming off, Gain

on

~16x 11.0 Skimming on, Gain

on

PRNU (rms), max DN 1x 2.5 Skimming off, Gain

off

~4x 5.0 Skimming on, Gain

off

4x 15.0 Skimming off, Gain

on

~16x 15.0 Skimming on, Gain

on

DC Offset DN Programmable

Power Supply Current -

Units Typ Max

Vin @ 5V

mA 310 400

Regulatory Compliance Value

CE compliance EN 61000-6-3 : 2001

EN 61000-6-2 : 2001

Shock & Vibration Immunity IEC/EN 60068-2-6

IEC/EN 60068-2-27

Notes:

DN = Digital Numbers (0-255); also known as gray levels.
All measurements taken in 8-bit linear output mode.
All specifications are valid for the front plate temperature range of 0°C to 40°C, in still air.

1. Measured at front plate.

2. 10 bit output avai lable with the 1M28 only.

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2

Camera Hardware

Camera Hardware

Camera HardwareCamera Hardware
Interface

Interface

InterfaceInterface

2.1 Configuration

The different modes of operation and settings are programmed in the camera by an
asynchronous serial comm unications available through the Camera Link interface. The
serial interface operat es at 9600 baud. The default values are stored in an EEPROM, which
is automatically read at power up. The user can change the factory settings of the default
values in the EEPROM to configure the camera to the requirements of their own
application. You can also save the set of default values to a file over the asynchronous
serial communicati on s interface, or restore default settings saved in a fi l e to the EEPROM.

The configuration is most easily done with the PFRemote configuration tool shipped with
the camera. The PFRemote tool is explained in section 3.2 PFRemote Configuration Tool
on page 30.

2.2 Installation Overview

In order to set up your camera, you should take these steps:

1. Connect Camera Link™ cables from camera to framegrabber.

2. Connect power.
You must also set u p the other components of yo ur system, including light sources,

framegrabbers, camera mounts, heat sinks, host computers, opti c s, encoders, and so on.
See section 2.1 above for camera configuration i n formation.

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+

CameraLink™

D

2.3 Input/Output

5V and Ground

iagnostic LED

!

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your
camera. Incorrect voltages will damage the camera.

2.4 Default Settings

The camera power-ups for the first time with the following default settings.

Table 5: Default Settings

Specifications 1M28 1M75

EXSYNC Internal, free-running Internal, free-running
Data output 8-bits 8-bits
Output response Linear Linear
Gain 1x 1x
Resolution Full -resolution, 1024 x 1024 Full-reso lution, 1024 x 1024
Exposure time 10 ms 12 ms
Frame rate 20 fps 25 fps
Data rate 28MHz 2x40MHz

2.5 Connectors

Please refer to the Camera Link standard for detailed information on signal levels and
timings.

Table 6: Pinout of the MDR26 camera connector for the Camera Link interface

Camera Link Cable
Base Configuration
One Channel Link Chip + Camera Control + Serial Communication

Camera Connector Right Angle Framegrabber Channel Link Signal

1 1 inner shield
14 14 inner shield
225 X0-

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Camera Link Cable
Base Configuration
One Channel Link Chip + Camera Control + Serial Communication

Camera Connector Right Angle Framegrabber Channel Link Signal

15 12 X0+
324 X1­16 11 X1+
423 X2­17 10 X2+
522 Xclk­18 9 Xclk+
621 X3­19 8 X3+
720 SerTC+
20 7 SerTC­819 SerTFG­21 6 SerTFG+
9 18 CC1­22 5 CC1+
10 17 CC2+
23 4 CC2­11 16 CC3­24 3 CC4+
12 15 inner shield
25 2 inner shield

Table 7: DALSA Camera Control Configuration

Signal Configuration Pin

CC1 EXSYNC 9, 22
CC2 External Master Clock 10, 23
CC3 PRIN (Exposure Control) 11, 24
CC4 Not Used 12, 25

Table 8: Pinout of the Binder712

PIN I/O Name Meaning

1 PW VDD +5V power supply
2 PW GND ground
3 PW VDD2 Not used

3 1

2

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2.6 Power Supplies

The camera requires a single voltage input (+5V). The camera meets all performance
specifications using standard switching power supplies, although well-regulated linear
supplies provide optimum performance. See section 1.7 Camera Performance
Specifications for current requirements.

When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:

• Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your

!

camera. Incorrect voltages will damage the camera. Protect the camera with a fast-blow
fuse between power supply and camera.

2.7 Control Inputs, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link MDR26F connector. All
inputs are optional. The camera ships in free-running mode. Refer to section 3 for more

information on setting frame rates and exposure t i mes and camera modes.

EXSYNC (Triggers Frame Readout)

EXSYNC is an optional input signal that can be used to trigger the line readout rate. This
camera uses the rising edge of EXSYNC to trigger line readout.

IMPORTANT:

IMPORTANT:

IMPORTANT:IMPORTANT:
This camera uses the rising
edge of EXSYNC to trigger
line readout, unlike
previous DALSA cameras,
which used the falling edge.

rising

rising rising

Note: EXSYNC should not be clocked faster than the camera’s specified maximum frame
rate. When the constant frame rate register is enabled (default setting), the camera ignores
the EXSYNC pulse until it has completed reading the last frame out. If the constant frame
rate is disabled, the EXSYNC pulse will start integration even if the camera has not read
out all the pixels in the frame. Refer to se c tion 3.8 Register Descriptions for more
information.

External MCLK

External MCLK is an optional signal used to control the data rate.

PRIN

PRIN is an optional in put signal used for exposure c o n trol (PRIN).

2.8 Data Bus, Camera Link

These signals indicate when data is valid, allowing the data to be clocked from the camera
to your acquisitio n system. These signal s are part of the Camera Link con figuration. Refer
to the DALSA Camera Link Implementation Road Map, available at

http://vfm.dalsa.com, for the standard l o c ation of these signals:

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R

Clocking Signal Indicates

FVAL (high) Outputting valid frame
LVAL (high) Outputting valid line
DVAL (high) Valid data
STROBE (rising edge) Valid data

Digital Data

The 1M28 digitizes internally to 10 bits and outputs either all 10 bits or the most
significant 8 bits on the Camera Link connector. The 1M75 only output s the most
significant 8 bi ts.

2.9 Timing

The cameras feature many possibilities for flexible timing. In free running mode, the
camera delivers, independently of external signals, data according to the timing settings
in the internal registers. In triggered mode, the camera starts integration after an external
trigger pulse. During integration and readout all further trigger pulses are ignored. The
maximum rate at which the camera accepts external triggers is defined by the frame
timer. The minimum exposure time, for any operating mode, is 560 ns.

Frame Timer

The frame timer is used to fix the frame rate of the camera in free running mode or to set
the maximum rate at which the camera accepts external triggers. In order to obtain the
maximum frame rate, the frame timer must be set as close to the sum of the readout time,
exposure time, an d reset time as possible. This is especially important if the frame rate is
to be increased by windowing. Note: The reset time is small, at 1-2µ s.

Figure 10: External Trigger Mode, Constant Image Data Rate

Exsync

Integration

Frame Tim er

Readout

Figure 11: External Trigger Mode, Variable Image Data Rate

Integration

Readout

Ignored
Exsync

Reset

eset

Integration

Integration

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I

R

Figure 12: Free Running Mode, Constant Image Data Rate

Integration Readout IntegrationReset

Frame Timer

Figure 13: Free Running Mode, Variable Image Data Rate

Integration

Readout

ntegration

eadout

Global Shutter Timing

With a global shutter, the sensor starts wit h a global reset of all pixels. Then during the
integration time, photo-generated electrons are collected in the pixels. After the exposure
time, the colle c ted electrons are transferre d to a storage node, and sequential readout of
the sensor matrix begins. As a result, all pixels are exposed to light for the same amount
of time, resulting in crisp images that do not suffer from the time displacement artefacts
characteristic of rolling shutter CMOS cameras.

Figure 14: Global Shutter Timing

Reset Integration

Data

Global shutter
Reset

Frame Readout

Freerunning Mode

The freerunning mode is the factory set timing mode at power up and captures images
without the need for an external control signal. The sensor data is read out after the set
integration time. After the sensor is finished reading out, the sensor resets and the
sequence begins again. The date is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock.

The signals FRAME_VALID (FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask val id image
information. The number of clock pixels after exposure CPRE is defined by the calculation
of the frame time

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Figure 15: Freerunning Mode

PCLK

Frametimer

Integration

FVAL

LVAL

DATA

CPRE

Line Pause

First Line

Line Pause

Last Line

Line Pause

Note: To set integration mode and parameters, refer to Chapter 3. Software Interface:

Controlling the Camera.

Triggered Mode

In triggered mode, image aquistition begins with the risin g edge of an external tri gger
pulse. The image is read out after the preset exposure time. After readout, the sensor
resets and the camera waits for a new trigger pulse. The data is output on the rising edge
of the pixel clock.

The signals FRAME_VALID (FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask val id image
information. The number of clock pulses after exposure CPRE is defined by the
calculation of the frame time.

Figure 16: Triggered Mode

PCLK

EXSYNC

INTEGRATION

FVAL

LVAL

DATA

EXSYNC is ignored in mode constant image data rate

CPRE

Line Paus e

First Line

Line Paus e

Last Line

Line Paus e

Triggered Mode with External Exposure Control

In triggered mode with external exposure control, sensor control is reset with the rising
edge of an external trigger pulse. The exposure of the image is controlled by the external
signal PRIN. The sensor control is clocked in such a way that that the image exposure
becomes active one clock later. The image is read out after the exposu re time has elapsed.

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After readout, the sensor returns to the reset state and the camera waits for a new trigger
pulse.

The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock. The signals FRAME_VALID
(FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image information . The signal
INTEGRATION indicates the active integration phase of the sensor. The number of clock
pulses after exposure CPRE is defined by the calculation of the frame time.

Figure 17: Trigger Mode with External Exposure Control Timing Diagram

PCLK

EXSYNC

PRIN

INTEGRATION

FVAL

LVAL

DATA

EXSYNC is ignored in mode constant image data rate

CPRE

Line Pause

First Line

Line Pause

Last Line

Triggered Mode with External Edge Triggered
Exposure Control

In triggered mode with external edge exposure control, sensor control is reset with the
rising edge of an eternal trigger pulse, after which exposure of the image begins. The
integration en ds with the rising edg e of the external sig n al PRIN. The sign al s EXSYNC
and PRIN are clocked i n the sensor control in such a way that the internal exposure
control becomes active one clock later.

The image is read out afte r the exposure time has e l apsed. After readout, the se n sor
returns to the rese t state and the camera waits for a new trigger pulse.

Line Pause

The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock. The signals FRAME_VALID
(FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image information . The signal
INTEGRATION indicates the active integration phase of the sensor. The number of clock
pulses after exposure CPRE is defined by the calculation of the frame time.

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Figure 18: Triggered Mode with External Edge Triggered Exposure Control

PCLK

EXSYNC

PRIN

INTEGRATION

FVAL

LVAL

DATA

2.10 Dummy Test Row

For testing the readout chain a row of test pixels has been implement ed on the sensor
chip. The pixels in this row are fixed to a pattern of black and white pixels. This row can
be read out in place of row 1023, at the beginning of the frame. Note: The camera powers
up with the dummy test row turned off. For information on turning the dummy test row
on , refer to Table 14 on page 37.

2.11 LED Status

EXSYNC is ignored in mode constant image data rate

CPRE

Line Pause

First Line

Line Pause

Last Line

Line Pause

A status LED on the backside of the camera provides the following information about the
state of the camera:

• In normal operation mode, the LED shows a green light while valid data is read out.

• At slow frame rates the LED blinks with the FVAL signal.

• At high frame rates t he LED changes to an apparentl y continuous gree n light, with
intensity proportional to the ratio of readout time over frame time. In some
circumstances, (for example, a relativel y long frame time and a v ery small ROI
setting) the pulse of the LED might be too short to be visible in daylight conditions,
even if the camera is working properly.

• If the data read out from the sensor is not within the ADC conversion range (over or
under exposed), the LED ch anges to red while the saturated data is read out.

• The status LED changes t o red while the serial com munication is active .

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3

Software Interface:

Software Interface:

Software Interface:Software Interface:
Controlling the Camera

Controlling the Camera

Controlling the CameraControlling the Camera

3.1 Overview

Many camera features can be controlled through the serial interface. The cam era can also
be used without the serial interface afte r it has been set up correc tly.

To configure the camera through the serial interface, you must use the PFRemote
configuration tool. For details on using the PFRemote, refer to section 3.2 PFRemote
Configuration Tool on page 30.

You can also configure the camera through the PFLIB application programming interface.
For more information, refer to section 3.5 PFLI B API Commands on page 40.

Camera Serial Port Defaults

• 8 data bits

• 1 start bit

•1 stop bit

•No parity

•9.6Kbps

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3.2 PFRemote Configuration Tool

The pfremote.exe is a remote configuration tool for the 1M28 and 1M75 cameras. With t he
PFRemote, you can:

• Control basic camera functions, such as gain, frame rates, and exposure times

• Set exposure time

• Set a window of interest

• Set LinLog parameters

• Set camera skimming

• Read and alter camera registers

• Save factory settings to your local computer

Install PFRemote

A 1M28_1M75_PFRemote_Software.zip file is provided on the CD shipped with the
camera. Unzip the 1M28_1M75_PFRemote_Software.zip and copy the files contained in
the zip file to a directory on your computer. Alternately, the latest version of the software
is also available at http://vfm.dalsa.com/docs/docs.asp in the “Software” folder.

i

For further details
on using the
PFRemote and how
to configure the
camera, refer to the
help file.

To open the help

To open the help

To open the helpTo open the help
file:

file:

file:file:

1. On the Help
menu, click Help.
Alternately, you can
press F1.

Opening PFRemote

Before running PFRe mote, make sure that you have installed you r framegrabber and
framegrabber software.

To begin using the PFRemote:

1. If it is not already open, open y o ur framegrabber software with the configuration for
the 1M28 or 1M75 camera.

In the PFRemote folder:

1. Double-click PFRemote.exe.

In the PFRemote dialog box:

2. Right click on the COM port that the camera is connected to and select Open.

Figure 19: Opening a Camera with PFRemote

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If the camera is properly connected, the camera you are using is displayed:

Figure 20: Camera Name is displayed after a Successful Connection

If the camera is not connected properly, you will receive an error message. Consult
the troubleshooting section in the PFRemote Help for possible solutions.

Saving and Loading EEPROM Settings

IMPORTANT: If you are using PFRemote for the first time, you should dump the EEPROM in order

!

to save the current factory settings. This will enable you to recover the factory settings if they are
accidentally overwritten.

To save the factory settings:

1. Select Tools → Dump EEPROM.

2. Locate where you want to save the HEX file, enter a file name, and click Save.

To recover EEPROM settings:

1. Select Tools → EEPROM Recovery.

2. Locate the HEX file to upload and select Open.

3. After the camera has completed uploading the file, shut down and then restart your
camera.

Configuring the Camera with PFRemote

To configure the camera:

1. In PFRemote, open a connection with the camera. For details on opening a connection
with your camera, see Opening PFRemote on page 30.

2. Right click on the camera name and select Configure.

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The configuration di alog box opens:

3. Depending on what you want to configure, clic k the appropriate tab and beg in
camera configuration.

The PFRemote Help file explains each dialog box in detail. To access the help file, select
Help → Help, or click F1.

3.3 Modifying Camera Registers

The camera modes and functions are set and stored by in ternal camera registers. The
internal registers are initialized during power-up or by the software. During power-up,
the contents of the EEPROM are copied to the registers, after which, the camera is ready
to use.

The camera is factory-preset to operate in free-running mode with an 8-bit resolution and
a linear response. The corresponding values in each camera may be different from the
factory values due to the fine-tuning of each module.

To avoid problems with modified presets and to ensure the restoration of original

!

values, we recommend that you save the factory presets to an external storage media. To
save and restore the values, use the PFRemote.exe. Refer to Saving and Loading
EEPROM Settings on page 31 for further information on the PFRemote.

We also recommend that you do not alter the custom calibration settings available
through the calibration dialog box (Camera → Calibration). Consult DALSA support at

[e-mail] before altering calibration values.

The basic settings of the camera can be modified and stored (in the EEPROM) by the user.
The user can modify all parameters via the PFRemote software interface. After testing the
new parameters, they can be stored in the EEPROM. We recommend that you store your
parameters in the same way as the factory presets.

To modify camera registers:

1. In PFRemote, open a connection with the camera. For details on opening a connection
with your camera, see Opening PFRemote on page 30.

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2. Select Camera → Registers. The Register s dialog box opens:

3. In the left text boxes, enter the register values you wish to view.

4. Click Reread all.
The current register values are displayed in the right text boxes.

5. In the right text box, change the current value to the new value and click Change.

The register is now set to the new value. To verify the new settings, click Reread all. See
the following section for register descriptions.

3.4 Register Descriptions

Table 9: Sensor control registers, address 0 to 63

REG
Decimal

Value

0 0 R/W Data EEPROM
1 1 W LSB address EEPROM
2 2 W MSB address and OP-Code

3 3 C Command SEND_PROM, content of

4 4 C/R Command RELOAD of the registers

5 5 R/W Status registe r 4 internal states
6 6 R/W Mode register 0 , adjust camera

7 7 R/W Mode register 1 , adjust camera

8 8 W LSB DAC
99WMSB DAC

REG
Hexadecimal

Value

Read (R) /
Write (W)

or Command
(C)

Description

EEPROM

registers 0 – 2 are sent to the
EEPROM

/ Status register has 3 internal state s

modes

modes

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REG
Decimal

Value

REG
Hexadecimal

Value

Read (R) /
Write (W)

or Command

Description

(C)

10 A - Not used
11 B - Not used
12 C R/W Mode register 2 , adjust camera

modes

13 D R /W Mode register 3 , adjust camera

modes

14 E R/W Mode register 4 , adjust camera

modes
15 F R/W LSB Exposure Time
16 10 R/W MSB-1 Exposure Time
17 11 R/W MSB Exposure Time
18 12 R/W LSB LinLog Time
19 13 R/W MSB-1 LinLog Time
20 14 R/W MSB LinLog Time
21 15 R/W LSB Frame pause
22 16 R/W MSB-1 Frame pause
23 17 R/W MSB Frame pause
24 18 R/W LSB ROI-X0 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
25 19 R/W MSB ROI-X0 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
26 1A R/W LSB ROI-Y0 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
27 1B R/W MSB ROI-Y0 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
28 1C R/W LSB ROI-X1 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
29 1D R/W MSB ROI-X1 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
30 1E R/W LSB ROI-Y1 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
31 1F R/W MSB ROI-Y1 boundary condition for

Region Of Interest (ROI) Sensor

matrix
32 20 R/W Line pause
33 21 R/W Interlacing

34-46 22-2E Not Used

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REG
Decimal

Value

REG
Hexadecimal

Value

Read (R) /
Write (W)

or Command

Description

(C)

47 30 R/W Choice of a RAM bank for

read/write access
48 30 R/W Byte 0 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
49 31 R/W Byte 1 of a 16x8 RAM-Ban k
50 32 R/W Byte 2 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
51 33 R/W Byte 3 of a 16x8 RAM-Ban k
52 34 R/W Byte 4 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
53 35 R/W Byte 5 of a 16x8 RAM-Ban k
54 36 R/W Byte 6 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
55 37 R/W Byte 7 of a 16x8 RAM-Ban k
56 38 R/W Byte 8 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
57 39 R/W Byte 9 of a 16x8 RAM-Ban k
58 3A R/W Byte 10 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
59 3B R/W Byte 11 of a 16x8 R A M-Bank
60 3C R/W Byte 12 o f a 16x8 RAM-Bank
61 3C R /W Byte 13 of a 16x8 RAM-Bank
62 3E R/W Byte 14 of a 16x8 RAM -Bank
63 3F R/W Byte 15 of a 16x8 RAM -Bank

Register address 00H – 03H (EEPROM control)

The first 4 registers are used to communicate with the EEPROM of the camera. See
Appendix C on page 49 for more information on these registe r s.

!

Register address 04H and 05H (Status registers)

The bits of status reg isters 3 (address 04H) and 4 (address 05H) contain status information
of sensor control registers. St atus information of the sensor mo dule can be read from
status register 3. Short-term error messages gene rated during camera operation (such as
asynchronous communications transmission error) are saved in status registe r 4. These
error flags can be reset by writing a logical 1 to the corresponding error bit.

Table 10 and Table 11 show the assignment of the registers.

Table 10: Status Register 3 (Register address REGADDR = 4D = 04H)

Register address 4 - STATUS3_REG

Bit Description

0= 1 Ł AUTOLOAD, signals power-up or Reload of data (from EEPROM),

! No write operations to EEPROM allowed !
1 = 1 Ł PROM_BUSY, ! No write operations to EEPROM allowed !
2 always 0 Ł sensor module
3 =1 Ł ERROR_NO_EXSYNC, timeout digital mono flop
4=1 Ł ERROR_NO_EXPOSURE, timeout digital mono flop
5 =1 Ł ERROR_NO_MCLK, timeout digital mono flop

6Not used = 0

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Register address 4 - STATUS3_REG

Bit Description

7 Not used = 0

Table 11: Status register 4 (Register address REGADDR = 5D = 05H)

Register address 5 - STATUS4_REG

Bit Description

0 Error in the asynchro nous communications transf er
1 CANCEL was active, i.e. read from non defined register
2Not used = 0
3 Not used = 0
4Not used = 0
5 Not used = 0
6Not used = 0
7 Not used = 0

Register address 06H and 07H (Mode register 0 and 1)

Mode registers 0 and 1 cont rol the basic functions of t he camera. To ensure proper
operation, these registers are updated first during power-up. The functions of each
individual bit are shown in Tables 12, 13 and 14.

Table 12: Mode register 0 (Register address REGADDR = 6D = 06H)

Register address 6 - MODE0_REG

Bit Name Description Default

0 ENABLE0 Camera on, = 1 Ł Camera in operation 1
1 ENABLE1 Invert Pixel Clock, = 1 Ł phase shift of 180

degrees
2 ENABLE2 0
3 ENABLE3
4 EN_TOGGLE = 1 Ł Automatic voltage switching active 1
5 EN_LL2_LOG = 1 Ł LinLog2-response curve active 0
6 LOG = 1 Ł Log response curve on

7LINLOG = 1 Ł LinLog-response curve on

These bits are responsible for resolution, access

to the LUT’s and the LFSR interface test

= 0 Ł Log response curve off

= 0 Ł LinLog-response curve off

0

0

0

0

Table 13: Camera resolution and special functions

Enable3 Enable2 Function Comment

0 0 8 bit Digital gain x 1
0 1 8 bit

LUT 10-to-8

1 0 10 bit Digital gain x 1
1 1 10 bit LFSR Interface test with Linear Feedback Shift

Two user programmable LUT’s
LUT0 factory preset digital gain x 2
LUT1 factory preset digital gain x 4

Register (LFSR)

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To test the interface reliability, a 10 bit Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is
implemented. A LFSR is a sequential shift register with combinational feedback logic
around it that causes it to pseudo-randomly cycle through a sequence of binary values. It
is reset at every l ine start. Thus it is possi ble to compare the i ncoming signal with an
internally generated one to count the transmission errors.

Table 14: Mode Register 1 (Register address REGADDR = 7D = 07H)

Register address 7 - MODE1_REG

Bit Name Description Default

0 to 3 Reserved Do not change 0
4 EN_DUMMY = 1 Ł Dummy line on = 0 Ł Dummy l i ne off 0
5 SKIM_IM AGE0 = 1 Ł Skim voltage 0 on, = 0 Ł Skim voltage 0 off 0
6 SKIM_IMAGE1 = 1 Ł Ski m voltage 1 on, = 0 Ł Skim voltage 1 off 0
7 HIGH_GAIN = 1 Ł Gain by 4, = 0 Ł gain by 1 0

WARNING: Do not modify Mode Register 1 (bits 0 to 3). If corruption occurs, write in default values or contact

!

DALSA. Modifying these values may result in a malfunction or limited functioning of the camera.

You should use the LSFR test pattern for data path integrity. Alternately, you can turn on
the dummy line. With the help of the dummy line, the transfer of data from the camera to
the framegrabber card can be easily tested.

When bits 5 to 7 are switched on (or off), a possible bias re-tuning of the video amplifier is
required. Typically this involves adjustment to the camera’s offset level.

Register address 08H and 09H (Interface DAC)

The registers 08H and 09H are used for the DAC access and for adjust ments to the camera
in the various operatin g modes.

WARNING: Do not modify these values. An incorrect value can cause a malfunction of the camera!

Register address 0AH and 0BH

The registers 0AH and 0BH are NOT used.

Register address 0CH to 0EH (Mode register extended functions)

The registers 12 – 14 contain extended funct ions for camera adjustment.

Table 15: Mode register 2 (Register address REGADDR = 12D = 0CH)

Register address 12 - MODE2_REG

Bit Name Description Default

0SYNC_EXTERN = 1 Ł external synchronisation 0
1 CONST_FRAMERATE = 1 Ł constant frame rate (in free running

mode)
2FLIP_IMAGE = 1 Ł output picture upside-down 0
3 EN_MROI = 1 Ł Activate MROI Mode 0
4 EN_LINE_HOPPING = 1 Ł Switch on line hopping 0

1

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5 EN_ARBITRARY_LH = 1 Ł Switch on line hopping via LUT 0
6 EN_GLOBAL_RESET = 1 Ł switch on global reset of the sensors 1
7 EN_MCLK = 1 Ł activate external pixel clock 0

Table 16: Mode Register 3 (Register address REGADDR = 13D = 0DH)

Register address 13 - MODE3_REG

Bit Name Description Default

0 EN_EXPOSURE_PW External integration control (Pulse-

Width-Modulation) with EXPOSURE
signal

1 EN_EXPOSURE_FT External integration control by edge

triggering EXSYNC and EXPOSURE,
integration begins on positive edge of
EXSYNC signal, integration ends on
positive edge of EXPOSURE signal

2 EN_SYNC_EXPOSURE External triggering and integration

control by EXPOSURE signal,
integration begins on positive edge of
EXPOSURE signal and EXSYNC is on,
integration ends on negative edge of
EXPOSURE Signal

3 POLARITY_SYNC_EXPOSURE = 1 Ł SYNC_EXPOSURE acti ve HIGH

i.e. rising edge EXSYNC Signal =
EXSYNC and EXPOSURE on, falling
edge EXSYNC Signal = Exposure off

4 EN_SHUTTER

5 EN_PRELOAD = 1 Ł Enable line preload 1
6 EN_LINE_RESET = 1 Ł Enable line reset at the middle of

7 Not Used 0 0

= 1 Ł SHUTTER Si gnal active, for

CameraLink standard set 0 ŁŁŁŁ DVAL =
1

a line

0

0

0

0

0

Table 17: Mode Register 4 (Register address REGADDR = 14D = 0EH)

Register address 14 - MODE4_REG

Bit Name Description Default

0 SLAVE_ACTIVE = 1 Ł Enable asynchronous serial

communications interface to ADC module
1 to 7 Not used - 0

0

Registers 15-17 (exposure time)

The exposure time is stored in three (15 – 17) 8 bit registers (24 bits total ).
The exposure time is set in increments of the pixel clock. For the 1M28, each increment is

35 ns. For the 1M75, eac h increment is 50 ns. Th e final exposure time can be calculated by
changing the stored binary value to a decimal value and multiplying by the time of the
appropriate increment for your camera.

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Registers 18-20 (LinLog2)

The LinLog2 time constant is implemente d as a 24 bit register (regist ers 18-20), similar to
the exposure time. The LinLog2 time constant must always be smaller than the exposure
time.

Registers 21-23 (Frame Time)

The frame time is set by registers 21-23. This value is set in incre ments of the pixel cl oc k
(35ns for 1M28 and 50ns for 1M75). The frame time is used to keep the frame rate

constant, independent of the exposure time.
exposure time. Invalid values must be prevented via software.

NOTE: The frame rate sets the maximum

Register 24-31 (ROI = Region Of Interest)

The registers 24-31 are used to define the region of inte rest of the sensor. The coordinates
of the corners of the ROI are written and take effect at the beginning of the next frame.
Invalid values must be prevented via software. Values x
camera. For full resolution:

x

, y0 = 0, 0

0

, y1 = 1023, 1023

x

1

, or y0>y1, are ignored by the

0>x1

Register 32 (Line pause)

This register stores the line pause value. It is also defined in increments of the pixel clock.
Valid line pause values are between 5 and 255. Default is 8.

Register 33: Line Jump (and Pixel Jump)

This register contains the value for the interlace mode. The line counter is incremented by
this value. The lines in between are skipped.

Register 47: RAM Bank Selection

The RAM banks in the FPGA are selected with this register.

Registers 48-63: Data for 16 x 8 RAM Banks

RAM banks have been implemented for internal parameters not used constantly by state
machines.

Frame Rate Calculation

To determine the frame rate, it is easiest to calculate the frame time first. The frame rate is
the inverse of frame time.

The frame time depends on the parameters exposure time, ROI, and line pause.
For the frame time:

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Frame time > exposure time + read out time

> exposure time + t
> exposure time + t

with the boundary conditions :

([No. of lines]*([No. of pixels]+Line pause)+ Line pause)

U

((ROI_Y1-ROI_Y0)*((ROI_X1-ROI_X0)+Line pause) + Line pause)

U

tU = Time unit in ns (35ns for 1M28 and 12.5ns for 1M75))

Line pause = 5 … 255

ROI_Y1-ROI_Y0 = max. 1024 lines

ROI_X1-ROI_X0 = max. 1024 pixels

3.5 PFLIB API Commands

The PFLIB application programming interface e n ables an application programm er to
control the 1M28 or 1M75 camera’s features without di rect access to the CameraLi n k (or
other) interface. Access to the API, in order to work with most framegrabbers, is done by
a separate COMDLL, which is a low level communication interface to framegrabber’s
RS232 emulation .

The PFLIB API can be used with the following framegrabbers:

• All framegrabbers with a looped in COM port.

• Framegrabbers wit h a full RS232 emulation through the CameraLink or LVDS.
Note that all cameras released after January 1

communication RS232 settings: One start bit, 8 data bits, one stop bit, NO PARITY.
Cameras released prior to 2003 still use EVEN P AR ITY.
A 1M28_1M75_PFRemote_Software.zip file is provided on the floppy disk shipped with

the camera. It co ntains all of the files ne c essary to use the PFLIB API commands,
including documentation. Unzip the 1M28_1M75_PFRemote_Software.zip and copy the
files contained in the zip file to a directory on your computer. Alternately, the latest
version of the software i s al so available at http://vfm.dalsa.com/docs/docs.asp in the
“Software” folder.

st

, 2003 use the followi ng low level

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 41

4

Optical and Mechanical

Optical and Mechanical

Optical and MechanicalOptical and Mechanical
Considerations

Considerations

ConsiderationsConsiderations

4.1 Mechanical Interface

Figure 21: Camera Dimensions

55

1” 1/32 s t

ø6

30

46

ø6.10

55

51.0

38.1

10.45

0.75

ø3

38.1

32.25

31.7

13.95

ø12

54

3.45

34.65
54

9

DALSA 03-32-00525-03

M5 ø1/4”

All units in mm.

42 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

4.2 Optical Interface

The cameras come with a built in C-mount lens adapter with the appropriate back focal
distance (17.52 ±0.18mm).

4.3 Compliance

The IM28 and 1M75 have passed the following EMC tests:

• EN 61000-6-3: 2001

• EN 61000-6-2: 2001

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 43

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix AAppendix A

Asynchronous Communications

Asynchronous Communications

Asynchronous CommunicationsAsynchronous Communications
(Camera Link

(Camera Link) Interface

(Camera Link(Camera Link

The asynchronous communications serial communicator interface is part of Camera Link.
(Refer to the Camera Link Specification for more information). This interface is often used
in industrial image processing for controlling camera settings. The cameras from DALSA
have a Camera Link compatible interface. The following communication settings from the
asynchronous serial communications protocol have been chosen for the DALSA camera
series:

) Interface

) Interface) Interface

Baud rate 9600
Startbit 1
data bits 8
Parity None
Stopbit 1

In the idle stat e the leads RX and TX are characterised by a standard H-level. Data
transfer begins w ith a startbit, which h as an L-level. Next, the 8 data bits are transmitted
in the sequence from D0…D7. The parity bit follows the data. In order to separate
subsequent data, a stop bit of H-level is added. The total number of cycles necessary for
data transfer is 11. After the data transfer, signals return to the idle state.

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44 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 45

Appendix B

Appendix B

Appendix BAppendix B

Pseudo Random Number

Pseudo Random Number

Pseudo Random NumberPseudo Random Number
Generator

Generator

GeneratorGenerator

In order to test the i nterface between camera and framegrabber, a 10bi t LFSR (linear
feedback shift register) with a “many-to -one” feedback structure has been implemented
[SMITH00]. For a maximum sequence le ngth of 1023 states, an XOR feedback at tap 2 and
9 was implemented (VHDL implementation, see below). The state 0 does not exist in this
implementation. The sequence starts with the value 1 at the beginning of every line. The
first 256 are shown in Table 16. The result is a pattern of vertical stripes in th e captured
picture. (See Figure 22: Captured picture with active 10bit LFSR.)

Table 18: States 0 – 127 of the pseudo random number generator

Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. Hex BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY

0 001 1000000000 32 331 1000110011 64 0E0 0000011100 96 0EC 0011011100
1 002 0100000000 33 263 1100011001 65 1C0 0000001110 97 1D9 1001101110
2 004 0010000000 34 0C7 1110001100 66 380 0000000111 98 3B2 0100110111
3 009 1001000000 35 18F 1111000110 67 301 1000000011 99 365 1010011011
4 012 0100100000 36 31F 1111100011 68 203 1100000001 100 2CA 0101001101
5 024 0010010000 37 23E 0111110001 69 007 1110000000 101 195 1010100110
6 049 1001001000 38 07C 0011111000 70 00F 1111000000 102 32B 1101010011
7 092 0100100100 39 0F9 1001111100 71 01F 1111100000 103 257 1110101001
8 124 0010010010 40 1F2 0100111110 72 03F 1111110000 104 0AE 0111010100
9 249 1001001001 41 3E4 0010011111 73 07F 1111111000 105 15D 1011101010
10 093 1100100100 42 3C8 0001001111 74 0FF 1111111100 106 2BB 1101110101
11 126 0110010010 43 391 1000100111 75 1FF 1111111110 107 177 1110111010
12 24D 1011001001 44 323 1100010011 76 3FF 1111111111 108 2EF 1111011101
13 09A 0101100100 45 247 1110001001 77 3FE 0111111111 109 1DE 0111101110
14 134 0010110010 46 08E 0111000100 78 3FC 0011111111 110 3BD 1011110111
15 269 1001011001 47 11D 1011100010 79 3F8 0001111111 111 37A 0101111011
16 0D3 1100101100 48 23B 1101110001 80 3F1 1000111111 112 2F5 1010111101
17 1A6 0110010110 49 077 1110111000 81 3E3 1100011111 113 1EA 0101011110
18 34D 1011001011 50 0EF 1111011100 82 3C7 1110001111 114 3D4 0010101111
19 29A 0101100101 51 1DF 1111101110 83 38E 0111000111 115 3A8 0001010111
20 135 1010110010 52 3BF 1111110111 84 31C 0011100011 116 351 1000101011
21 26B 1101011001 53 37E 0111111011 85 238 0001110001 117 2A3 1100010101
22 0D7 1110101100 54 2FC 0011111101 86 071 1000111000 118 147 1110001010
23 1AF 1111010110 55 1F8 0001111110 87 0E2 0100011100 119 28F 1111000101

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46 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. Hex BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY

24 35F 1111101011 56 3F0 0000111111 88 1C4 0010001110 120 11E 0111100010
25 2BE 0111110101 57 3E1 1000011111 89 389 1001000111 121 23D 1011110001
26 17C 0011111010 58 3C3 1100001111 90 313 1100100011 122 07A 0101111000
27 2F9 1001111101 59 387 1110000111 91 227 1110010001 123 0F4 0010111100
28 1F3 1100111110 60 30E 0111000011 92 04E 0111001000 124 1E9 1001011110
29 3E6 0110011111 61 21C 0011100001 93 09D 1011100100 125 3D2 0100101111
30 3CC 0011001111 62 038 0001110000 94 13B 1101110010 126 3A5 1010010111
31 398 0001100111 63 070 0000111000 95 276 0110111001 127 34A 0101001011

Continuation Table 18: States 128 – 255 of the pseudo random number generator

Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY

128 295 1010100101 160 2F4 0010111101 192 2CF 1111001101 224 2A6 0110010101
129 12A 0101010010 161 1E8 0001011110 193 19E 0111100110 225 14C 0011001010
130 254 0010101001 162 3D0 0000101111 194 33D 1011110011 226 299 1001100101
131 0A8 0001010100 163 3A1 1000010111 195 27A 0101111001 227 133 1100110010
132 150 0000101010 164 343 1100001011 196 0F5 1010111100 228 266 0110011001
133 2A0 0000010101 165 287 1110000101 197 1EB 1101011110 229 0CC 0011001100
134 141 1000001010 166 10E 0111000010 198 3D6 0110101111 230 199 1001100110
135 282 0100000101 167 21D 1011100001 199 3AC 0011010111 231 332 0100110011
136 105 1010000010 168 03A 0101110000 200 358 0001101011 232 265 1010011001
137 20B 1101000001 169 074 0010111000 201 2B1 1000110101 233 0CA 0101001100
138 017 1110100000 170 0E9 1001011100 202 163 1100011010 234 194 0010100110
139 02F 1111010000 171 1D2 0100101110 203 2C6 0110001101 235 329 1001010011
140 05F 1111101000 172 3A4 0010010111 204 18C 0011000110 236 253 1100101001
141 0BF 1111110100 173 348 0001001011 205 319 1001100011 237 0A7 1110010100
142 17F 1111111010 174 291 1000100101 206 233 1100110001 238 14F 1111001010
143 2FF 1111111101 175 123 1100010010 207 067 1110011000 239 29F 1111100101
144 1FE 0111111110 176 246 0110001001 208 0CF 1111001100 240 13E 0111110010
145 3FD 1011111111 177 08C 0011000100 209 19F 1111100110 241 27D 1011111001
146 3FA 0101111111 178 119 1001100010 210 33F 1111110011 242 0FA 0101111100
147 3F5 1010111111 179 232 0100110001 211 27E 0111111001 243 1F4 0010111110
148 3EA 0101011111 180 065 1010011000 212 0FC 0011111100 244 3E9 1001011111
149 3D5 1010101111 181 0CB 1101001100 213 1F9 1001111110 245 3D3 1100101111
150 3AA 0101010111 182 196 0110100110 214 3F2 0100111111 246 3A7 1110010111
151 355 1010101011 183 32D 1011010011 215 3E5 1010011111 247 34E 0111001011
152 2AA 0101010101 184 25A 0101101001 216 3CA 0101001111 248 29C 0011100101
153 155 1010101010 185 0B5 1010110100 217 395 1010100111 249 138 0001110010
154 2AB 1101010101 186 16B 1101011010 218 32A 0101010011 250 270 0000111001
155 157 1110101010 187 2D6 0110101101 219 255 1010101001 251 0E1 1000011100
156 2AF 1111010101 188 1AC 0011010110 220 0AA 0101010100 252 1C2 0100001110
157 15E 0111101010 189 359 1001101011 221 154 0010101010 253 384 0010000111

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 47

Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY Nr. HEX BINARY

158 2BD 1011110101 190 2B3 1100110101 222 2A9 1001010101 254 308 0001000011
159 17A 0101111010 191 167 1110011010 223 153 1100101010 255 211 1000100001

Figure 22: Captured picture with active 10bit LFSR

References:

[SMITH00] Douglas J. Smith, “HDL Chip Design”, 7. Auflage 2000 Doone Publications,
Madison, AL, S. 179 - 186

ISBN 0-9651934-3-8

Example: VHDL Code

signal REG: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (9 downto 0);

signal DATAIN: STD_LOGIC;

SR10R: process (ICLK) -- 10 bit LFSR

begin

if (ICLK'event and ICLK='1') then

if (RESET = '1') then -- reset:shift register is loaded
with 1.

REG <= "0000000001";

else

REG <= REG(8 downto 0) & DATAIN;

end if;

end if;

end process SR10R;

DATAIN <= REG(2) xor REG(9);

LFSR_OUT <= REG;

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48 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 49

Appendix C

Appendix C

Appendix CAppendix C

Accessing the EEPROM

Accessing the EEPROM

Accessing the EEPROMAccessing the EEPROM

The first 4 registers are used to communicate with the configuration EEPROM of the
camera. Register address 0 contains the data, which is written to or read from the
EEPROM. Regist er 1 contains the LSB of the storage address. Register 2 contains the MSB
of the storage address as well as the accessing code (OP code) for the EEPROM. The
configuration EEPROM has a storage capacity of 2 kB. Therefore, the valid storage
addresses are 11 bits (A0 – A10) and range from 000H to 7FFH. After ent ering the data,
the address, and the OP code, the information is transferred to the EEPROM with the
command SEND_PROM (write register address 3). To read bytes from the EEPROM, th e
address and the OP code have to be transferred with the command SEND_PROM to the
EEPROM. The result c an than read from register address 0. An overview of the regist ers
that are used for the EEPR O M programming is shown in Table 19: .

In order to be able to write to the EEPROM, the write protection must be disabled. The
PROM_BUSY and the AUTOLOAD fl ag in the EEPROM register address 4 Bit 1 or Bit 0
must also be checked before writing to the EEPROM. Writing during the BUSY phase
leads to malfunctions of the camera. After writing, the write protection should be enabled
again. This happens automatically when the camera is switched off or loses power.

Table 19: Overview of registers used for the EEPROM programming

Register address 0 - DATA_EEPROM
Bit Name Description

0 -7 DATA_EEPROM Data bit 0 – 7

Register address 1 – ADDR_LSB_EEPROM
Bit Name Description

0 - 7 ADDR_LSB_EEPROM Address bit 0 – 7

Register address 2 – ADDR_MSB_EEPROM
Bit Name Description

0 ADDR_MSB_EEPROM Address bit 8
1 ADDR_MSB_EEPROM Address bit 9 / OP-Code bit 0
2 ADDR_LSB_EEPROM Address bit 10 / OP-Code bit 1
3 ADDR_LSB_EEPROM OP-Code bit 2
4 ADDR_LSB_EEPROM OP-Code bit 3
5 Not used ­6Not used ­7 Not used -

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50 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

Command Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

Read 1 0 A10 A9 A8
Write 0 1 A10 A9 A8
Write disable 0 0 0 0 X
Write enable 0 0 1 1 X

Abbreviations

0: Logical state 0

1: Logical state 1

X: arbitrary state

Example of EEPROM access

Table 20 summarizes the sequence of commands for data transmission to the EEPR O M of
the camera. Dependin g on the access function, some steps may not be necessary. To write
to the EEPROM, st eps 1-5 are necessary. To read from the EEPROM, skip step 1, but use
steps 2-7. Special cases are the EEPROM comm ands write enable/disable. In these cases
only the steps 3-5 have to be used. The transmission protocol of the RS232 interface is
defined in Appendix C.

Table 20: Access steps for the EEPROM

Step Action

1 Write data byte (D7-D0) in register address 00H, if required for function
2 Write LSB address byte (A7-A0) in register address 01H, if required for function
3 Write OP-Code und MSB address byte (xxx,OP1, OP2,A10-A8) in register address

02H

4 Read status reg ister address 04H, wait for state „not ( PROM_BUSY or

AUTOLOAD)“
5 Write in register address 03H Ł command SEND_PROM
6 Read status reg ister address 04H, wait for state „not ( PROM_BUSY or

AUTOLOAD)“
7 Read databyte (D7-D0) in registe r address 00H, when data are read out from the

EEPROM

The following example shows in detail the sequence of commands for the EEPROM
command write enable.

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 51

Table 21: Example accessing the EEPROM with the command „WRITE ENABLE“

Step BIN Code HEX

Comments

Code

1- ­2- ­3

xxx0 0xxx OP-Code = 00 (2-bits)

06
xxxx x11x Extended OP co de A10..A8 = 11x (3-bits)
0000 0110

4

00xx xxxx READ from address

04
xx00 0100 Add ress 04H

0000 0100

5

01xx xxxx Write to address
xx00 0011 Address 03H
0100 0011

43

6- ­7- -

x: arbitrary state

These steps are not required

Write OP-Code in register address 02H

Read status register from register address 04H

Command SEND_PROM, Data will be tra nsmitted to the EEPROM

These steps are not required

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1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual PRELIMINARY 53

Index

Index

IndexIndex

saving settings, 30, 31

AAAA

about DALSA, 2
amplification, 12
application programming

interface, 39

applications, 5

BBBB

backplate, 19
Binder 712, 20

CCCC

camera dimensions, 40
camera highlights, 4
Camera Link, 21, 42

connector, 19

pinout, 19
C-mount lens, 41
compliance, 41
configuration, 18

tool, 29
configuration defaults, 28
configuration tool, 28
configuring camera, 29
connectors, 19

Camera Link, 19

power, 20
controlling camera, 29
cosmetic specifications, 6

DDDD

dark blemishes, 8
data bus, 21
data rate, 15
defaults, 19, 28
description, 5
digital data, 22
dummy test row, 26
dynamic range, 15

EMC compliance, 41
EXRCLK, 21
EXSYNC, 21
External MCLK, 21

FFFF

features, 4
filters, 14
frame rate, 15

calculation, 38
increasing, 14

with ROI, 14
frame timer, 22
free running mode, 22
freerunning mode, 23

GGGG

gain, 12
global shutter, 23

HHHH

hot pixels, 7

IIII

increasing frame rate, 14
input/output, 19
inputs (user bus), 21
installation, 18
interface

serial, 28

software, 28

LLLL

LED, 26
linear response, 8
LINLOG, 9

MMMM

EEEE

EEPROM

configuration, 48
loading settings, 30, 31
programming, 48

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mode

freerunning, 23

triggered, 24

54 PRELIMINARY 1M28 and 1M75 User’s Manual

OOOO

optical interface, 41

PPPP

performance specifications, 15
PFLIB API, 28, 39
PFRemote

installing, 29
opening, 29
using, 30

pinout

Camera Link, 19

pixel

blemishes, 7, 8
hot, 7
response, 8
saturation, 9

specifications, 6
power supplies, 21
power up settings, 19
programmability, 4

RRRR

randomnumber generator, 44
recover factory settings, 30
region of interest (ROI), 14
registers, 31

descriptions, 32

modifying, 31

reading, 31

reserved, 32
response

gain, 11

linear, 8
LINLOG, 9
pixel, 8

RMS noise, 16

SSSS

sensor, 5

blemishes, 7
characteristics, 5
cosmetic specifications, 6
responsivity, 14

specifications, 5
serial interface, 28
skimming, 12
spectral responsivity, 14

TTTT

test row, 26
tests, 41
timing, 22

default, 23

frame, 22

global shutter, 23

triggered, 24
triggered mode, 24

VVVV

VDHL, 46

WWWW

Window of Interest (WOI), 14
windows, 14

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