Cybex international MG 500 Owner’s and Service Manual
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym
Strength Systems
Owner’s and Service Manual
Strength Systems
Part Number 58600 D
www.cybexinternational.com
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym
Strength Systems
Owner’s and Service Manual
Strength Systems
Part Number 58600 D
Cybex® and the Cybex logo are registered trademarks of Cybex International, Inc.
DISCLAIMER: Cybex International, Inc., makes no representations or warranties regarding the contents of this manual. We reserve the right t o
revise this document at any time or to make changes to the product described within it without notice or obligation to notify a ny person of such
revisions or changes.
© Copyright 2008, Cybex International, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
10 Trotter Drive Medway, MA 02053 • 508-533-4300 • FAX 508-533-5183
www.cybexinternational.com • techhelp@cybexintl.com • techpubs@cybexintl.com • 58600 D • October 2008
i Table of Contents
1 Safety
Safety......................... 1-1
Warning/Caution Decals .......... 1-3
Regular Maintenance Activities ..... 1-9
Using Proper Form .............. 1-9
2 Technical Specifications
General Specifications............ 2-1
Machine Specifications ........... 2-4
3 General Exercise Guidelines
Training Suggestions ............. 3-1
Glossary ....................... 3-2
Exercise Charts
4 Exercises
Hip Abduction .................. 4-2
Hip Adduction .................. 4-2
Hip Flexion..................... 4-3
Hip Extension................... 4-3
Leg Extension .................. 4-4
Seated Leg Curl................. 4-5
Standing Calf Raise .............. 4-6
Seated Row .................... 4-6
Front Lat Pulldown............... 4-7
Seated Rear Deltoid Row ......... 4-8
Standing Shrugs ................ 4-8
Decline Bench Press ............. 4-9
Bench Press.................... 4-9
Incline Bench Press .............. 4-10
Military Press ................... 4-10
Chest Press .................... 4-11
Chest Fly ...................... 4-11
Tricep Pressdown ............... 4-12
Overhead Tricep Extension ........ 4-12
Standing Arm Curl ............... 4-13
Hammer Curl ................... 4-13
Wrist Curl ...................... 4-14
Abdominal Crunch ............... 4-14
Seated Leg Press................ 4-15
Uni-Lateral Seated Row........... 4-16
Seated Calf Raise ............... 4-16
Table of Contents
5 Customer Service
Ordering Parts .................. 5-1
Cybex Limited Warranty .......... 5-2
Delivery Inspection............... 5-5
Installation ..................... 5-5
Returning Goods ................ 5-6
6 Assembly
Tools Required .................. 6-2
Unpacking Main Frame Assembly. . . 6-2
Installing Weight Stacks........... 6-7
Fly Station Diagram .............. 6-11
Fly Station Assembly ............. 6-12
Leg Press Diagram .............. 6-35
Leg Press Assembly ............. 6-36
Pressing Station Diagram ......... 6-57
Pressing Station Assembly ........ 6-58
Leg Extension/Leg Curl Diagram . . . 6-79
Leg Extension/Leg Curl Assembly. . . 6-80
Cables Adjustments.............. 6-101
Fly Station ..................... 6-101
Leg Press Station................ 6-102
Leg Extension/Leg Curl Station. . . . . 6-103
Pressing Station................. 6-103
Weight Stack Cable Check ........ 6-105
Weight Stack Cable Adjustment .... 6-106
Final Assembly.................. 6-107
7 Maintenance
Daily Procedures ................ 7-1
Weekly Procedures .............. 7-3
Yearly Procedures ............... 7-5
“As Required” Procedures......... 7-5
Cable Adjustments............... 7-5
Fly Station ..................... 7-6
Leg Press Station................ 7-7
Leg Extension/Leg Curl Station. . . . . 7-8
Pressing Station................. 7-8
Weight Stack Cable Tension Check. . 7-10
Alternative Weight Stack Cable Tension
Check......................... 7-10
Weight Stack Cable Adjustment .... 7-11
8 Service
Parts Lists and Diagrams ......... 8-1
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Safety
Page 1-1
1 - Safety
Safety
Read the Owner’s Manual carefully before assembling, servicing or using the MG 500.
! WARNING: Serious injury could occur if these safety precautions are not
observed:
• DO NOT use the MG 500 if it is not located on a solid level surface.
• Read all cautions/warnings and obtain proper instruction on use of the machine prior to
using. Use appropriate positioning, speed and controlled movements.
• Obtain a medical exam prior to beginning an exercise program.
• If at any time during exercise you feel faint, dizzy or experience pain, stop and consult
your physician.
• Keep head, limbs, fingers and hair clear of all moving parts.
• DO NOT wear loose or dangling clothing while using the MG 500. Keep away from all
moving parts.
• Inspect the MG 500 prior to use. DO NOT use if damaged or inoperable.
• DO NOT attempt to fix a broken or jammed machine. Notify floor staff.
• Use the machine only for the intended use. Obtain instruction and DO NOT modify the
machine.
• Be certain that the weight pin is completely inserted. Use only the pin provided by the
manufacturer. If unsure, seek assistance.
• NEVER use dumbbells or other means to incrementally increase the weight resistance.
• NEVER pin the weights in an elevated position. DO NOT use the machine if found in this
condition. Seek assistance from floor staff.
• Children must not be allowed near this machine. Teenagers must be supervised.
• DO NOT use if guards are missing or damaged.
• DO NOT remove any labeling from the MG 500. Replace any damaged labels.
Safety
Page 1-2
Facility Safety Precautions
• Make sure that the MG 500 is set up and always operated on a level surface.
• Read the Owner’s Manual carefully before assembling, servicing or using the MG 500.
• Make sure that all users are properly trained on how to use the MG 500.
• Make sure there is enough room for safe access and operation of the MG 500. When the MG 500
is in use, there must be a minimum of at least three feet on all sides for safe access, operation
and passage.
• Perform regular maintenance checks on the MG 500. Pay close attention to cables and their
connections. Also pay close attention to all areas most susceptible to wear.
• Immediately replace worn or damaged components. If unable to immediately replace worn or
damaged components then remove from service until the repair is made.
• Use only Cybex supplied components to maintain/repair the MG 500.
• Keep a repair log of all maintenance activities.
NOTE: It is the sole responsibility of the user/owner or facility operator to ensure that regular
maintenance is performed.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Warning/Caution Decals
Warning decals indicate a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, could result
in death or serious injury.
Caution decals indicate a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, could result
in minor or moderate injury.
The warning and caution decals are shown below and on the following pages. The diagrams
following the decals show where each decal is located.
See Leg Press Station diagram, letter A.
See Fly Station
and Leg Press
Station diagrams,
letter C.
See Pressing
Station diagram,
letter D.
See Fly Station
diagram, letter B.
Safety
Page 1-3
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Safety
Page 1-4
See Pressing
Station diagram,
letter F.
See Pressing
Station diagram,
letter G.
See Fly Station
diagram, letter E.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
B. Caution Decal .................... 8500-026
C. Caution Decal .................... 8500-025
E. Warning Decal ................... 8620-343
F. Warning Decal ................... 4800-381
DESCRIPTION PART NO.
F
C
B
Fly Station
E
Safety
Page 1-5
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Leg Press Station
F
A
DESCRIPTION PART NO.
A. Caution Decal .................... 4000Y316
C. Caution Decal ................... 8500-025
F. Warning Decal ................... 4800-381
C
Safety
Page 1-6
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
D. Warning Decal ................... 8500-311
F. Warning Decal ................... 4800-381
G. Caution Decal.................... 8500-028
DESCRIPTION PART NO.
D
F
G
Pressing Station
Safety
Page 1-7
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
F. Warning Decal ................... 4800-381
B. Caution Decal .................... 8500-026
C. Caution Decal .................... 8500-025
DESCRIPTION PART NO.
F
B
Leg Extension/Leg Curl Station
C
C
C
C
Safety
Page 1-8
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Regular Maintenance Activities
Preventative maintenance activities must be performed to maintain normal operation of your
MG 500. Keeping a log sheet of all maintenance actions will assist you in staying current with
all preventative maintenance activities. The preventative maintenance actions are described in
detail in Chapter 7. Briefly, they include:
Daily
1. Clean upholstery.
Weekly
1. Inspect all nuts and bolts for looseness. Tighten as required.
2. Inspect all cables for damage or wear (see Chapter 7). Immediately discontinue use if a
cable is worn or damaged.
3. Check for worn handles, worn snap links, and worn warning labeling. Replace all worn
parts immediately.
4. Inspect weight stacks for proper alignment and operation. Correct all improper alignment
and operation issues immediately.
5. Lubricate guide rods using automotive engine oil only.
Yearly
1. Replace all cables at least annually.
As Required
1. Inspect grips and replace as necessary.
Using Proper Form
Before working out, read and understand the training suggestions listed in Chapter 3. See
Chapter 4 for proper form during exercise.
Safety
Page 1-9
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Safety
Page 1-10
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Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Technical
Specifications
Page 2-1
2 - Technical Specifications
General Specifications
Frame Finish
• Shall be made of mechanical quality 11 gauge and 16 gauge steel purchased in mill run
quantities to assure the best consistency.
• Prior to applying finish, each part shall be put through a multi-stage wash to remove all
oils and to chemically prepare the surface for maximum adhesion. After the wash, the
frames shall be dried and coated with an Electrostatically applied powdercoat finish that
shall be applied in powder form and then baked until cured.
• The finish shall be textured and very hard, assuring a scratch and chip resistant finish.
Weight Selection
• Weights are to be selected by using a high quality selector pin that completely penetrates
the weight plate and locks in place to eliminate any chance of disengaging the pin during
use. The pin shall be attached to the weight stack with a plastic lanyard in order that the
pin stays with the appropriate machine. All weights shall be selected while the user is in
position on/in the machine to allow adjustment of the resistance from the exercise
position.
Weight Stacks Configuration
• All weight stacks shall have (4” x 12” x 1”), 12 1/2 pound weights.
Weight Plates
• Shall be made of solid cold-rolled steel with wrinkle black powder coat finish.
• Guide rod holes shall be machined to a tolerance of .006 inches.
Weight Plate Bushings
• Self-aligning low-friction bushings shall surround the guide rods for smooth gliding
motion.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Technical
Specifications
Page 2-2
Pulleys
• Shall use Dupont Corp. fiberglass-reinforced nylon 70G33 material, tensile strength rated
at 22,500 PSI with 6203ZZ double sealed bearings dynamic load rated at 1600 lbs.
• Pulleys shall be 4.50 inches in diameter with a cable groove with a depth of .250 inches.
Weight Transport
• Shall be lubricated, 7 x 19, 1/8” galvanized steel, nylon coated aircraft cable with breaking
strength rated at 2000 pounds.
• All cable ends shall be finished off with a swaged fitting with a breaking strength
exceeding that of the cable itself.
Weight Stack Guide Rods
• Shall be solid ground and polished cold-drawn steel with minimum yield strength of
100,000 PSI with a hard chrome plated piston steel finish with an overall minimum
accuracy of .010.
Weight Stack Suspension
• Shall have heavy-duty neoprene bumpers with an 80-durometer rating under the weight
stacks to reduce shock and vibration stresses to the frame and facility.
Handgrips
• Shall be closed-end PVC closed cell foam vinyl sleeve.
Frame Construction
• Primarily 1 1/2 x 2” tubing with 11 gauge wall thickness, but different tubing sizes and
wall thickness shall be used as required through engineering stress analysis.
• Shielding shall be 16 gauge wall thickness sheet metal.
• Fully welded frames for maximum structural integrity and minimum maintenance.
• All machining and welding must be done utilizing jigs and fixtures to insure highest
quality and interchangability of parts.
Radial Bearings
• 87503 double shielded bearing with 17 mm stainless steel shafts, dynamic load rating
1660 lbs.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Technical
Specifications
Page 2-3
Hardware
• All 3/8” socket head cap screws shall be of grade 8 (or equivalent). All bolts shall be either
chromed or zinc plated for additional corrosion resistance.
Weight Stack Guards
• All weight stacks shall be guarded on the backside to prevent bystanders from
inadvertent contact with the weight stack during use.
Cushion/Upholstery
• A superior grade of Boltaflex from Omnova shall be used on all pad covers and wear
covers.
• The color shall be sulfide stain resistant.
• All edges shall be stitched to eliminate any folds in the material that would limit durability.
• Cushions come with replaceable slipcovers on all high use areas, reducing maintenance
expense by not having to replace the entire cushion.
• Cushion foam consists of a combination of high and medium density closed-cell Omalon
polyurethane, for durability and comfort.
Adjustments
• Recessed high contrast Lexan decal for all seat and pad adjustments for maximum
readability.
Instructional Placard
• Shall provide step-by-step instructions and a picture to illustrate use, visible from the
exercise position.
• Placard shall indicate proper positioning, and clearly describe the correct use of
machines.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Technical
Specifications
Page 2-4
MG 500 - Product No. 8600
8602
Machine Weight
(includes weight stacks)
1733 lbs.
788 kg
Three Weight Stacks
230 lbs. each
105 kg
Size
inches - 128 L x 74 W x 83 H
cm - 325 L x 188 W x 211 H
128
74
Machine Specifications
Leg Press Configuration (8602)
Leg Extension Configuration (8600)
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-1
3 - General Exercise Guidelines
Training Suggestions
Before you workout
Prior to starting a training program, get a complete physical exam to make sure your physician
agrees that you are ready. Always warm-up your muscles before a workout. A 5 - 10 minute
cardio warm-up followed by slow stretching (no bouncing) is recommended. Continue with a
lighter set (50% of normal of intended exercises. Proper breathing is very important. Exhale
during muscle exertion, and inhale while returning to the start position. Start your program
conservatively. Choose weights you can easily lift in the first weeks. Always
perform the full range of motion unless you have an injury, then consult a
professional trainer. Your Cybex dealer can help you find one. Know the terms? A “repetition”
(rep) is defined as one complete movement through an exercise, returning to the start position.
A “set” is a continuous series of reps usually between 6 - 15.
During your workout
The number of reps. you perform in a set depends on your goal. To build muscle and strength,
do fewer reps (6 - 8) with heavier weight. To firm your muscles and build endurance, do more
reps. (12 - 15) with lighter weight. Never “cheat” by shortening the range of motion, bouncing
the weight, or shifting your posture. This may allow you to lift more weight, but it is dangerous
and less effective. Catch your breath between sets, then continue. When “circuit training”
move briskly to the next exercise; when doing multiple sets on one exercise, rest 45 - 90
seconds before the next set. Work up to three sets per exercise. When you can perform the
desired reps and sets for any exercise, increase the weight by a half or full plate.
Designing your workout
Circuit training is a good way to start. This involves doing one set per exercise, then moving to
the next exercise, pausing only briefly between them (to keep your heart and breath rate up)
until completing a balanced “circuit” of 8 - 10 exercises for your entire body. Then repeat the
circuit. After several weeks, you can move into multiple sets (3 in a row) per exercise if you
choose. For both of these, exercise the complete body every other day, up to three times a
week Note: A full day’s rest, plus proper nutrition and hydration are required for
optimum muscle-building or toning. Alternatively, work out half your body one day (e.g., the
upper body) and the other half the following day (e.g. the lower body). To reduce muscle
soreness, end each series of sets for a given muscle with a set of increased reps and lighter
weights. At the end of your workout, cool down in a similar way to your warm-up.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-2
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Abduction - movement away from the mid-line of the body.
Acceleration - the rate at which an object’s velocity changes with time; that is the change of
velocity divided by the time interval.
Accuracy - freedom from error. Degree of conformity of a measure to a standard or a true
value.
Action Line - the direction of pull created by the fibers or tendons of the muscle at the point of
application.
Active Insufficiency - a two joint muscle loses the ability to cross-bridge (generate force) due
to full shortening over its greatest anatomical length and tension created in an opposing muscle
(antagonist).
Active Range of Motion - the degree of motion that occurs between two adjacent segments
through voluntary contraction of the agonist.
Active Stabilization - provided by an internal force. Static stabilization is provided through an
isometric contraction where dynamic stabilization is a series of motions. Dynamic stabilizers
maintain the relative positions of the segments, preventing undesirable or unnecessary motions
due to external forces as well as artifacts of internal forces. May also refer to the
concentric/eccentric contractions of a muscle acting in a force couple to produce motion while
maintaining a relatively fixed axis of rotation.
Adipose tissue - fat tissue.
Adduction - movement towards the mid-line of the body.
Agonist - (prime mover) the muscle most involved in producing a movement.
Aerobic - utilizing oxygen.
Aerobic Endurance - the ability to persist in physical activities that rely heavily upon oxygen
for energy production.
Anabolic - pertaining to the synthesis of complex substances from simpler substances, especially
to the synthesis of body proteins from amino acids.
Anaerobic - without oxygen.
Anaerobic Endurance - the ability to persist in physical activities of short duration that require
high rates of energy expenditure. These high rates of energy expenditure cannot be met solely
by aerobic metabolism.
Glossary
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-3
Anthropometrics - measurements and relationships of length and girth of body parts.
Antagonist - the muscle in opposition to the agonist.
Anatomical Position - standing erect, with feet and palms facing forward.
Anatomical Pulley - a bone or skeletal prominence that alters the direction of the pull of a
muscle to increase the muscle’s mechanical advantage.
Anatomy - geography, naming by orientation and/or apparent capability (non-functional).
Anchor Points - the points at which a load enters and exits the body and/or limb.
Anterior - anatomical term meaning towards the front. Same as ventral.
Assistant Mover - a muscle that is less effective at performing a specified motion, but does
have a small degree of mechanical ability to help the prime mover. There are many borderline
cases.
Atrophy - reduction in size of cells and tissues.
Axis of Rotation - imaginary line or point which an object rotates.
Bilateral - refers to both sides.
Biolocomotion - a perspective/description of the human body and its mechanics based upon
locomotion. All animals with legs (regardless of numbers) move with the same mechanics.
Gravity is the common denominator.
Biomechanics - analysis of the load placed on a joint by both the muscle and resistance.
Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Physics = Engineering.
Body Composition - the component parts of the body - mainly fat and fat-free weight.
Calorie - a unit of work or energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of 1 g of water to 1 degree C.
Cam - a mechanical device used to vary leverage.
Carbohydrate - a chemical compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in
specified arrangements. Carbohydrates are major components of food such as bread, potatoes
and rice.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-4
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Cardiovascular - pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.
Cartilage - there are several types. Hyaline cartilage is a relatively thin covering on the ends of
many bones. It forms a smooth, resilient, low friction surface for the movement of one bone
on another. Wedges of cartilage (fibrocartilage) called menisci, disks and labrums are to
increase stability, provide shock absorption, and to facilitate motion in some joints.
Center of Gravity - the center of a body’s mass. In the human body, it is the point which all
parts are in balance with one another. The COG may be within the body, altered by the position
of the body even to the point of being outside the body (pike position), or altered by the
addiction of load to specific body areas.
Circumduction - a circular movement permitted at ball and socket, condylar and saddle joints.
Consists of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction in sequence.
Circuit Training - a conditioning program consisting of a number of exercises performed at
“stations”. Usually, a given exercise is performed at a station within a specified time; then the
athlete moves to the next station, with its own particular exercise and specified time, then to the
next station, and so on.
Closed Chain Kinetic Exercise - a series of rigid links interconnected by a series of
pincentered joints. These are constructed so that motion at one joint will produce motion at all
the joints in the system. Produces greater mechanical efficiency at the risk of increased joint
loading. Leg press, bench press.
Close-Packed Position - all synovial joints have a position where joint surfaces are maximally
congruent and the ligaments and capsule are maximally taut.
Collagen - a fibrous protein that serves as the major component of ligaments and tendons.
Compression - two forces acting along the same line towards each other that constitute a
compressive load or compressive stress.
Concentric action - contraction of a muscle resulting in shortening of the muscle.
Connective Tissue - comprised of mostly the proteins collagen and elastin with water;
includes tendons, ligaments, bursae, cartilage, disks, menisci, fascia and bone.
Cross-bridge - the connection and intertwining of the actin and myosin filaments in a myofibril
relative to a muscular contraction.
Curvilinear Motion - the frequently occurring combination of rotatory and translatory motions.
Distraction - two forces acting along the same line and in opposite directions, they constitute
a distractive, tensile load or tensile stress.
Diathrodial Joint - ball and socket joint.
Distal - furthest from the attached end of the limb; away from the body.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-5
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Dorsal - pertaining to the back; opposite of ventral, palmar or plantar.
Dorsiflexioni - movement of the foot up in the sagitial plane; movement toward the leg.
Eccentric - muscle action in which tension is developed in the muscle while it is lengthening.
Negative work is performed.
Eccentric Action - a muscle contraction incapable of overcoming the resistance imposed;
the overall muscle length increases.
Endurance- the ability to persist in performing some physical activity.
Energy - the capacity to perform work.
Energy (kinetic) - energy associated with motion.
Energy (potential) - energy by virtue of position.
Energy System - one of three metabolic systems involving a series of chemical reactions
resulting in the formation of waste products and the manufacture of ATP.
Eversion - movement of the sole of the foot outward; opposite of inversion.
Extension - movement at a joint, bringing two parts into or towards a straight line, increasing
the angle of the joint. Returning to anatomical position from a position of flexion in the sagitial
plane.
External Force - a push or pull on the body that arises from a source outside the body.
External Rotation - movement of the anterior surface of a segment away from the mid-line;
also termed lateral rotation.
Fast-twitch Fibers - skeletal muscle fibers most active in short-duration, intensive exercise,
e.g., in sprints and jumps.
Fatigue - the inability to maintain a given level of physical performance.
Flexibility - the range of movement of a specific joint or group of joints, influenced by the
associated bones and bony structures, muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Flexion - movement about a joint in which bones on either side of the joint are brought closer
together, decreasing the angle of the joint. Joint movement away from anatomical position,
occurring within the sagitial plane.
Foot-pound - the work required to move one pound of resistance one foot in distance.
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-6
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
Force - an interaction between two objects, in the form of a push or pull, that may or may not
produce motion, Force = mass x acceleration.
Force Angle - (FA) the angle between the action line and the lever, on the side of the joint axis.
Force Couple - concentric/eccentric contractions of opposing muscles acting to produce
motion while maintaining a relatively fixed axis of rotation.
Frontal Plane - (coronal) imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior
halves; lies at a right angle to the sagittal plane.
Fulcrum - the support on which a lever rotates in moving or lifting.
Hyperextension - continuation of the movement of extension past the neutral position.
Hypertrophy - increased cell size leading to increased tissue size.
Impulse - the change in momentum.
Inertia - the tendency of a body to remain at rest or continue in motion unless disturbed by
an external force.
Inferior - a lower position upon or within the body.
Insertion - the more distal attachment site of a muscle. The movable part or attachment of a
muscle as opposed to origin.
Intermittent Work - work sessions interrupted by rest sessions.
Internal Forces - act on the body and arise from sources within the human body.
Inversion - moving the sole of the foot inward. Opposite of eversion.
Isokinetic - action in which the rate of movement is constantly maintained through a specific
range of motion even though maximal force is exerted.
Isokinetic Contraction - a muscular contraction through a range of motion at a constant
velocity.
Isometric - a contraction in which movement is produced but no movement occurs.
Isometric (static) Contraction - a muscular contraction in which there is no change in the
angle of the involved joint(s) and little or no change in the length of the contracting muscle.
Isotonic - a contraction in which movement is produced.
Medial Rotation - movement around an axis and toward the mid-line of the body. Also
termed internal rotation.
Medial - aspect nearest the mid-line of the body; pertaining to the center. Opposite of lateral.
Metabolism - the sum total of the chemical changes or reactions occurring in the body.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-7
Moment Arm - (MA) the shortest distance between the action line and the joint axis.
Momentum - determined by mass x velocity. Will remain constant unless the object is acted
upon by another force.
Muscle Contraction - shortening of a muscle and/or development of tension in a muscle.
Muscular Endurance - the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated
contractions against a light load for an extended period of time.
Neutral - a point between the two extremes of a joint’s range of motion.
Obesity - excess body fat.
Open Kinematic Chain - the ends of the limbs are free to move without causing motion at
another joint. Open chain motions are not predictable because the joints amy function either
independently or in unison. Less mechanically efficient, therefore more stress is placed upon
muscular tissue.
Origin - attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.
Overload - to exercise a muscle or muscle group against resistance greater than that which is
normally encountered. The resistance (load) can be maximal or near-maximal.
Passive Insufficiency - a two-joint muscle loses the ability to cross-bridge (generate force)
due to full lengthening over its greatest anatomical length due to force created in an opposing
muscle.
Passive Stabilization - due to noncontractile components. Internal stabilization is created by
connective tissue (muscular support is not provided anatomically or physiologically) and external
stabilization is provided by a bench or brace.
Plane of Motion - a two-dimensional flat surface running through an object. Motion occurs in
the plane or parallel to the plane.
Plantar - anatomical term referring to the sole or bottom.
Plantarflexion - movement of the foot down in the sagittal plane; movement away from the
leg.
Posterior - anatomical term meaning toward the back. Opposite of anterior.
Potential Energy - energy by virtue of position.
Power - the product of force and velocity. Work divided by time.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-8
Prime Mover - (agonist) a muscle that is mechanically optimal to produce a specific motion
at a joint. There can be more than one prime mover for a particular motion and a specific
muscle can be a prime mover for more than one motion at a joint.
Progressive Resistance - overloading a muscle or muscle group consistently throughout the
duration of a weight-resistance program.
Pronation - a triplanar motion at the subtalar joint consisting of abduction, depression and
eversion, resulting in lowering of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Position of the forearm with
the palm facing down.
Protein - a basic foodstuff containing amino acids.
Proximal - towards the attached end of the limb or origin.
Range of Motion - the amount of motion available to a joint within the anatomical limits of the
joint structure. Can be classified as Passive (movement produced via a force outside the limb),
Active (movement produced by muscles within the limb) or Resisted (movement challenged
under additional load). The amount of resistance will affect the range of motion with direct
proportion.
Reciprocal Inhibition - contraction of agonist causes relaxation of antagonist.
Reliability - the extent to which an experiment, test or measuring procedure yields the same
results on repeated trials. Also known as reproducibility or repeatability.
Repetition Maximum (RM) - the maximum load that a muscle or muscle group can lift in a
given number of repetitions before fatiguing. For example, an eight-RM load is the maximum
load that can be lifted eight times.
Repositioners - muscles that lift the extremity and move it to a new location allowing the
prime movers to again accept load or propel.
Response - a sudden temporary adjustment in physiological function brought on by a single
exposure to exercise, e.g., the rise in heart rate associated with an exercise bout.
Rotary Motion - (radial or angular) the movement of an object around a fixed axis in a curved
path.
S.A.I.D. Principle - Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand. A muscle will gain strength in
the specific ranges of motion and speeds in which it is trained.
Sagittal Plane - Imaginary line that divides the body, or any of its parts, into right and left
sections.
Scoliosis - a lateral curvature of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic area.
Secondary Joint - hinge joints that have a singular function (elbow/knee). Muscles are
situated on either side of these joints in virtual, if not real, pairings.
Set - in an interval training program, a group of work and relief intervals. In weight lifting, the
number of repetitions performed consecutively without resting.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-9
Shear - two parallel forces applied in opposite directions that are not in line with each other
constitute a shearing load or stress. The site of muscular attachment is the axis around which
the forces of shear develop. This becomes the “force axis” as opposed to the anatomical axis.
Shunt Muscle - directs the greater part of its contractile force along the bone it is moving
(creating greater force towards compression/stabilization). The brachioradialis is a shunt
during an arm curl.
Skeletal Muscle - muscle controlling skeletal movement that is normally under voluntary
control.
Skewing - the result of a vector shift through a limb or system.
Sliding Filament Theory - a muscle shortens or lengthens because the thick and thin
myofibrils slide past one another without the filaments changing length.
Slow-twitch Fibers - skeletal muscle fibers characterized by relatively slow contraction times
and great capacity for the aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate.
Sprain - the permanent deformation of the structure due to excessive or prolonged
stress/strain.
Spurt Muscle - directs the greater part of its force across the bone it is moving rather than
along it (creating greater effort towards motion). The biceps is a spurt during an arm curl.
Stabilizer - a muscle that steadies or supports a joint in order that another active muscle may
have a firm base upon which to pull.
Static contraction - a muscular contraction that does not involve changes in the angle of the
joint(s) involved.
Steady state - that state of physiological stability wherein the energy demands of the body
can be met relatively easily for a prolonged period of time.
Strain - the deformation of the structure as the result of stress.
Strength - the ability to exert muscular force briefly.
Stress - the force created within a structure when placed under load.
Submaximal exercise - usually exercise at less than maximal intensity, but may also refer to
exercise of less than maximal duration.
Superior - a higher position upon or within the body.
Cybex MG 500 Multi-Gym Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-10
Synergist - occurs during the action of two muscles, both of which have a common joint
action and each of which has a second action that is antagonistic or opposing to the other.
True synergy is simply the stabilization of one muscle to prevent any action in one of the joints
traversed by a multi-joint muscle.
Synovial Fluid - transparent, viscous lubricating fluid found in joint cavities, bursae and tendon
sheaths.
Tendons - cords of dense fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone.
Tertiary Joint - a complex joint structure (wrist/ankle-subtalor), designed for finely controlled
movements.
Torque - the ability of a force to produce movement around an axis.
Training - a program of exercise designed to improve the skills and increase the energy
capacities of an athlete for a particular event.
Translatory Motion - (linear) the movement of an object in a straight line.
Unilateral - refers to only one side.
Validity - the extent to which a measurement or information is relevant or meaningful;
appropriate to the end in view and supported by objective truth.
Vector - an arrow which represents a force’s point of application, action line or direction
indicating pull or magnitude of force being exerted.
Vector Shift - the alteration of a load as it is transferred between the anchor points through a
segment’s kinematic chain.
Velocity - the rate at which an objects position changes with time; that is the total change in
position divided by the total change in time: V-d/t.
Weight - the weight of an object is the gravitational force exerted on it by the earth. W=mg,
where g = gravitational acceleration.
Work - W = Fd. The amount of work performed is equivalent to the force applied to an object
times the distance the object is moved.
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