PROFESSIONAL
STUDlO
AMPLIFIERS
Studio
O
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8by
8000.
Reference'*
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respeclive
Crown
Sfudio
are
registered
owrwrs.
Referenc
Some
models
Ir~ternatit:,nal,
Refere?-9c:c awplifiers
and
Gronnd~d
&!.idge7"
trademarks
fnc.,
may
P.O.
are
are
trf
Crcwn
be
exported under
Box
t
COO,
produced
tradcrnarks
Elkhart.
by
and
BntsrnationaY,
lndizn~i
Crawn
Amcnm:'@
Irx.
dio
Referenee
the
name
46575-?OQO
fnterrsaticsnal,
&IrcswsT
Blher
trademarks
Asrr@rou@
U.S.A.
Inc,
xr'radernark
10C?
ODEP
are
Telephone:
Notice:
IQ
S,ysl'cm.e"
the
properv
219-244-
Skrdio
and
of
their
@Krawn"
--,,,
The
information
the
equipment.
maintenance.
Technical
if
Suppart
furnished
Nor
does
you
need
Group,
Sbippin-ag:
in
this
it
cover
special
Stlidio
manual
every
assistance
Mai/:
P.0.
Pit.
2
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Phone:
Refgrence
, , ,
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does
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Include
possible
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BQX
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Service
all
8itua"ii~n
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Elkhart
W,
Mishawaka
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294-8361
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of
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which
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294-8206
Manual
de"iaifs
465?5-1000
may
of
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sf
design,
ariss
manuas,
production,
during
please
EN
4651
installation,
7
or
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R~K
*-....-
variations
operation
the
Crown
6
of
sr
TO
PREVEMT
NQT
REMOVE
COMERS.
.
PARTS INSIDE,
NQ
TO
QUALIFIED
PERSOMNEL*
POWER
RmR
CORD
ENPUT
GAIN
ELECTRlC
TOP
SMOCK
OR
BQnDM
80
USER SERVICWBLE
REFER
SERVOCtNC
SERVICE
DISCONNECT
BEFORE
MODULE
SWITCH,
f
0
REDUCE
SHOCK,
EQUIPMENT
REMOVING
TO
ACCESS
THE
RISK
DO
NOT
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PA8
LES
RlEM
UTlLES A L"INT~RIEUR,
D~BRANCHER
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MODULE
OF
ELECTRIC
EXPOSE
OR
THlS
MOISTURE!
LE
CHOG
N'ENLEVU
CQUVERTURES,
DES
PART
lES
u
BORNE
DWUVRIR
EN
ARRI~RE.
U
Rev.
Q
12-98
Initial Printing
This
page
intentionally
left
blank
Rev
-
8
.
.-
1
Bntroductisn
1.
1
The
1.2
Scope
1.3
Warranty
2
Specifications
2 . "Berformance
2.2
Pswei
23
Cantrofs
2.
4
f
ndicators
2.5
l~putsautput
2.6
Output
22
Protcctisn
2.8
Construction
3
Va1tags
4
Circuit
Conversion
Theory
4.1
Overview
4.2
Features
4.3
Frant
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4. 4
Voltage
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.5
Grounded
4.5.
Wigh
4.5.2
4.6
Output
4.7
Ganliol
4.7.1
4.
7.2
4.7.3
4.7. 4 Fan
4.8
Power
4.8.
1
423.2
4.8. 3 Over
4.9
Display
4.9.1
4"9+2
433
Studio
...................................................................................................
Stndis
Referents
................................................................................................
............................
................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
..........................................................................................
Signal
..........................................................................................
........................................................................................
.................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
.............................................................................................
End
Operation
Balanced
Variable
Error
Amp
Amplification
Voltage
bast
Voltage
Bridge
Side
Law
Side
Device
Circuitry
DC$LF
fault
Turn
AC
Soft
Protect
Circuit
On
Corjtrol
Supply
kine
Start
Voltage
Circuitry
............................................................................................
1QC
ODEP
Signal
........................................................................................
Indicafis~s
Reference
........................................................................
...................................................................................... 2.
Service
.~.~~~~~...~.~..A~~~~~....,.........
Manu3l
@crown
3-1
1-1
1-1
1-1
-2-1
1
2-1
2-2
2.2
......................................................................................
.....................................................................................
......................................................................................
..........................................................................
Gnin
Stage
Gain
Stage
(BGS)
(VGS)
.....................................................
........................................................
..................................................................................
.........................................................................
Transfators
Topology
(HS)
(LS)
Emulation
................................................................................
....................................................................
Amplifiers
.........................................................................
............................................................................
(LVAS)
...............................................................
Prccalectian
..................................................
(OBEP)
....................................
............................................................................
...............................................................................
Belay
...........................................................................
................................................................................
....................................................................................
Fiiter
............................................................................
...................................................................................
Protection
............................................................
..............................................................................
........................................................................
2-3
2-3
2.3
2.3
3-1
4-4
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4.2
4-2
4.3
4-3
4-4
-4-4
4.4
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-6
4-7
"4-7
4-7
4.7
4.7
5
Electrical Checkout
51
General
52
Standard
53
DC
Offset
5.4
Output
55
OBEP
5.6
AC
Pawer
5.7
High
5-8
Common
5.9
Voltage
533
Level
5.
1
1
Current
512
Slew
.
5
f
3
Crosstalk
5.
1-4
Output
5.1
5
Reactive Loads
5.
16
ODEP
5%
17
Mute
5.
18
Law
5.
19
Signal
5.20
Intermadulation
5.21
LED
5.22
Display
5.23
Turn-On
5.24
Turn-OM
525
Past
6
Schematics
7
Parts
7.
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Fi%jure
Figt,i
Figure
....................................................................................................
Information
1
General
Standard
Ordering
Shipment
Terms
Illustrated
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.
4
7.5
re
7%
7.
7
...........................................................................................................
and
Adjustment
Informatiow
Initiat
...........................................................................
Conditions
..........................................................................................
Bias
Adjustmen$
Voltage
tine
Gain
Controls
Rate
Adjustment
Draw
.................................................................................
Gutsue
Mode
................................................................................
Wejects'sn
......................................................................................
.................................................................................
bimi
"r
....
...............................................................................
and
*a
OK
Square
..........*<."...........................................................................
Power
...................................................................................
................................................................................
Limiting
and
Frequency
to
Functions
Set-Up
Transients
Transiep-rts
Testing
.................................................................................
Turn-On
Noise
Delay
Protection
Ratia
Diskoflion
.................................................................................
................................................................................
...........................................................................
..........................................................................
.....................................................................................
Procedures
................................................................
....................................................................
.................................................................
,,,
.......................................
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
..................................................................
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-2
Wave
....................................................
5-2
5-3
5-9
5-3
5-4
..................................................................
...............................................................
.......................................................................
...............................................................
5-4
5-4
545
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
6-1
............................................................................................
lnfarmation
and
Parts
....................
...........................................................................
Special
Parts
...............................................................
...................................................................................
.....,.
........................................................
.................................................................................................
Parts
Front
Panel
Top
Main
Bottom
Back
Output
Main
Pans[
Assembly
Capacitor
PIP
Cage
List
.......................
Exploded
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Exploded
Assembly
Assembly
View
Exploded
Exploded
Exploded
Exploded
Exploded
..
.,
,.,,
...................
View
View
View
View
View
................................
.........................
,..
......................................
View
................................
.......
.,
........................
.......................................
...................................
...................................
7-1
7-1
7-1
7-1
7-1
7-7
7-1
7-2
7-4
7-6
7-8
3-1
61
7-12?
7-15
.......
"
R@K
.
0
-..,
_____ylll~1~1111__
8
Module
information
8.1
General
8.2
Studia
8.3
Studio
8-4
Q.4397
85
Q43369-0
8.6
Q43183A3
8.7
Q43.450-8
8.8
843584-2
8.9
a4301
8.1
Q
64331
8.1
1
Q43388-0
8.
t
2
Q43389-8
8.13
a4331
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information
Reference
Reference
1-6
Main
Outp&r"lodeelie
Control
Control
8-3
Display
1-2
2-0
Stvd8"~
........................................................................................
Control
Main
Main
Butput Module
Display
Reference
Service
Manuai
P,
,,
...........................................................................
1
Module
If
Module
Module
Module
Module
Module
Modu8e
Module
Module
lnfsrmatisn
Infsrmatisn
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Module
.............................................................
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8-4
8-4
8-1
8-1
$3-2
8-8
8-11
8-14
8-17
8-20
8-23
8-28
8-33
8-36
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.................................................
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Figure
Figuss
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figuse
Figuw
Figure 8.7
figure
Figure 83
Figurs
-.."..
2.1
3.1
32
4
4.2
43
5.
5-2
53
5.
5.
56
5-4
7.
4.
7.3
7.
75
73
72
8.
8.2
823
8.4
825
8. 6 64381
8.8
8'16
.......-
Studio
Specific
Circuit
.
t
Simplified
Simplified
Simpfified
1
Differentiatar
Differentiated
10
4
inductive
5
5~nd~etive
Tartup@
OBEP
1
Front
2 Top
Bottom
4
Back
Output
Capacitor
PIP
1
a43371
Q43363-8
Q43383A3
Q843458-8
Q4J5Q4-2
a4336
843388-0
043389-8
Q43312-0
Studio
, , , ,
Wefsrence
Voltage
Breaker Selection
Studio
Ampiitier
Grounded
kHz
Square
Load
Load
Yest
Waveform
Limiting
Panel
Parts
Main
Assembly
Main
Panel
Assembly
Assembly
Asssmbly
Cage Assembly Parts
-6
Main
Output
Control
Control
Control
8-3
Bispray
1-2
Main
Main
Output
Display
Reference
Dimensions
Wiring
Refereilea
Front
Bridge
Circuit
........................................................................
Square
Wave
CoId
........................................................................
Warm
...................................................................
Wave
...................
......................................................................
Service
pw
P
Manusf
.........................................................
......
.............,...
Biock
Diagram
End
and
Voltage
...................
..............................
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......................................
...................................
Ampiifiication
,.....
..............................
..,,,,..*+.+'.........
................................................
Stages
.....................................................................
Waveform
.....................................................................
.............................................................................
Parts
................................................................
Assembly
Msdule
Module
Module
Parts
Parts
Par&
...................
Parts
Map
Module
Maduis
Madula
Module
Module
Mag
Map
Modube
Msduls
.......................
....................
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..................................
.........
........................
........................................
............................................................
.............................................................
..........................................................
Map
.....................................................
Map
....................................................
Map
.....................................................
Map
.....................................................
Map
.....................................................
....................
......
..............................
........................................................
Map
.....................................................
Map
..................................................
2-3
3-1
3-11
4-1
..
4-3
4-5
5-2
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
7-2
7-4
7-6
7-8
7-16
F.12
7-14
8-7
8-18
8-13
8-16
8-19
8-22
8-27
8-32
8-35
8-38
R~K
0
P
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Ths
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The
Studio
Crown
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reproducing
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Scape
massr_eaI
Reference
with
some
Manual
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Service
include
Thssry?
Information,
Referenee
Reference
with
a
20-bit
intermodulation
control
contains
the
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amplifiers
They oRsr
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the
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af
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for
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appilcable
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the
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View
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CAUTIOH:
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1.3
Warranty
Each
Reference
fated
to
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this
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by
most
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Factory
are
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Group
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the
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Year
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the
be
referred
Sewice
warranty
receiving
Technical
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should
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details,
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to
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Crown/Amcrg;bn
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b~
re-
(in-
the
171
Elkhaa,
Phone:
Tall
FM:
Web:
Plant 2 S.W,
8
W.
Mishawaka
IN
USA
(21
9) 294-8200
Free:
(8QO)
M2-6939
(21
9)
294-8301
.er~wnaudis~com
Bd,
4651
'7
Introduction
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left
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4
-2
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8
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a
specified.
Studio
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on
ted
rising
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Studio
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bandwidth
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bandwidth
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280
Hz,
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245
Hz
70
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20
ME
65
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t
kHz
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768
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2,228
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1,580
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5
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1,565
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555
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355
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2.3
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into
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controls
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0.775
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.-
1
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41
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set
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dB.
volt
sen%itiviby,
at
"84
volt
1
kHz
power.)
from 5 Mz
kHz.
from
5
Hz
kHz,
cchannsbs
into
4
into
8
chag.gne!s
into
4
into
8
or
volt
sensitivity,
to
27.5
fa
28.6
driven.
ohms,
ohms.
driven:
ohms,
ohms.
ocnt-
26
kHz
kHz
dB
Stereo
Bridge-Mono
mode
1,190
800
2,375
1,595
watts
watts
watts
watts
wid)~
both
per
channel
per
chaunef
mode:
inis
8
into
1
~haanneIs
ohms.
6
ohms.
into
iota
driven:
4
ohms.
8
ohms,
Enable:
amplifier
Level:
nel
Stsreomono:
to
A
with
select
A
front
on
front
3
1
dstents,
either
and
panel
A
panel
push
button
off,
rotary
potentiometer
used
$0
CB~~FOI
three-pasitiaw back
Stereo,
Bridge-Mano
used
to
far
each
the
output
panel
switch
or
Parallel-Msns
turn
ehan-
level.
the
used
Par~jIef-Mono
2,350
1,588
St~d8"o Refefcnce
S!W@Q
565
360
Bridge-Mono
3, f 45
720
Par8$/@/-Mono
7,135
"715
Full
Bawdwidth
E@r@o
1,075
768
BrBdge-M~f?~
2,150
"3,535
watts
watts
mode
waus
pea
watts
per
waEs
wakk
into
watts
waE%
Butput
Pewer:
made
watts
watts
per
watts
watts
mode:
into
2
ohms,
into 4 ohms.
H:
wifh
both
cchanne/s
channel
channel
m~d~r
into
8
ohms,
16
ohms
mode:
into
2
ohms.
into
4
ohms,
(20
Hr
wjtfi
both
-lh~aanne/s
per
chanaal
chaalnel
into
8
ohms+
into
f
6
ohms.
into
into
lo
into
ir3Po
drjven:
4
ohms.
8
ohms.
28
kHz)
drivepa:
4
ohms.
8
ohms.
SsnsitivlQ:
partment
ek?annefs:
or
26
dB
voltage
Mater
OnfBff:
pane!
used
Meter
Display
frsnt
panel
panel
meters.
af
the
output
Ground
isslate the
Reset:
the
2,4
Enable:
unit's
Signal::
to
Lift:
A
two-p~~ltion
AC
mains
lndicatars
This
How-voltage
Each
show
audio
A
three-position
used
ta
select
6,795
ai
1.4
gain,
A
tws-position
to
turn
the
Mode:
used
to
set
Display modes
signal
in
A
two-position
irrput
phone
circuit
indicator
power
channel
output.
switch
inside
the
input
sensitivity
volts
for
standard
front
panel
A
twa-position
the
display
dB
or output
back
jack
and
back
panel
switch
meters
switch
mudc
include
levels
panel
AC
{chassis)
switch
behind
dynamic
switch
b~eaker*
shows
the
on/M
supply
has a signal inclicatar
the
P,l,I,p
'I
kHz
on
behind
tor
in
dB.
grounds.
used
status
that
corn-
for
both
pg;aw~r,
the
front
or
off,
ths
front
range
used
fa
roset
of
flashes
the
to
the
$&2dio
Ref-K
St~f-sa
495
340
Brid~e-Mgbf?~
1,020
698
Load
Impedsn~e:
4
ts
8
ohms
Mona made,
Required
240
VA6
AC
(k
idle.
mode
watts
watts
watts
watts into
Safe
in
stereo
and
Mains:
10%)<
2
to
56
Both
wifk
bath
per
channel
per
chaanel
mode:
into 8
16
with
all
mode,
4.
ohms
or
60
units
chhanng!~
into 4 ohms.
into
ohms.
ohms.
types
of
loads,
8
ts
16
ohms
in
ParalteI-Mon~
Hz;
106,
120,
draw
90
watts
db^ven:
8 ohms.
Raked
in
200,
or
far
Bridge-
MO~G,
220
or
less
at
i@C:
Each
channel
the
output
by
0.85%
tion
formance,
Ilght
0DEP:Each
the channel's
LEDs
available.
serve,
waveform
or
indicators
In
stays
an.
channel
are
brigfatly
In
its
indicator
has
an
differs
more.
The
LED$
to provide
Paralfel-Mono
has
an
resewe
the
tit
rare
wisi
energy
to
show
event
dim
18C
indicator
from
act
proof
of
mode
ODEPindieator that
status,
that
that
a
in
proportion
%hat
the
input
as
sensitive
di~f~rtian-free
the
channel
Normally,
reserva
channel
to
flashes
wavsform
if
distsr-
per-
2
/0@
shows
the
energy
has
BDEPlim-
no
is
re-
Dynamic
segment
of
(From
namic
%he
As
levels
2.5
input
back
tors
lnput
Pdornina!ly
I~put
for
Output
ing
plugs,
Qutput
2,s
Ranga/Lsuel
meter that
the
output
the
factory, the
range.)
ratio
sf
peak
output
level
are
relative to
llnputlOutput
Csnneetor:
panel
and
on
the factory-installed
impsdanee:
5
K
San%itiuiQ:
standard
Canaeetam:
posts
far
spads
Impsdaase::
micr~henries,
sigrrai
As
to
meters
Two
two
Nominally
ohms,
Settings
1
kHz
Two
each
lugs
Less
Meter:
displays
in
dB
sr
amplifier
dynamic
average
they
standard
balanced
balanced
unbaianced.
include
pswea: or
sets
of
cha~3rrel
si
bare
wire),
than
Each
Channel
either
the
the
output
is
set
range
meters,
power
of
show
how
1
kHz
powerq
'!,is-inch
three-pin
P..B,?-FX,
10
K
ohms,
0,775
26
dB
voleage
color-coded
(for
connecting
10
miBliahms
has
dynamic
love!
to
display
they
tach
high
the
jacks
XLR
balanced
volts
sr
gain.
5-way
in
sarisa
a
five-
range
in
dB,
dy-
show
channel,
~~~lput
an
the
connec-
1
A
volts
bind-
barlana
with
Input:
Input
amplifier
Turn
gerous
2,8
Steel
panel
a
specially
from
CoeiJng:
input
On:
The
turn-on
Constrvctlon
chassis
with
front
to
Convection
overload
to
four
transier~ts,
with
super-glass
designed
side
prstectisn
limit
current.
second
durable
Imron
flaw-through
panels.
cooling
computerized, on-demand
Dimen$ions:
width
(40'6
CM)
(7
em)
Fig.
2.1
Standard
fElA
RS-316-B),
depth
prstrusion
belaw),
behind
in
19
9
inch
mounting
front
is
furnished
~C~TM-Q~
b8ack
finish,
deilay
finish,
aluminum
lexa~,
prevents
ventilation
with
assistance
proportional
inch
(48.3
(17.8
surface
sf
mounting
em)
cm)
height,
cooling
and
surface
at
averiay?
system
from
fan.
rack
mount
16
2.75
the
dam
front
and
the
inch
inch
(sea
DC
Output
8@ssZ;
(Shorted
2.6
Output
Starsa:
Brldgs-Mona:
controis
Parallai-Mono:
"icontmls
2,7
Protection
ODEP:
which
cuit
limits
conditions
Trensformer:
temporary
Signal
Unbalanced,
Balanced,
are active;
Unbalanced,
are
active;
ff
unreasonable
could
stress
the
output
exist.
Transformer
shut-down
transformer primary-
RF
Burnout:
tect
the
Controlled
unit
agairlst
input)
32
twa-channel.
singla-channel.
channel 2 should
single-channel.
channel
the
output circuitry?
current
2
is
operating
level
until
bypassed.
overheating
due
ta
a
ttmerrnal
slew-rate
RF
burnouts,
voltage
millivslts.
Channel
be
turned
Channel
conditions
the
QDEPcir-
safe
operating
will
result
~wifch
amplifiers
f
down.
$~~g;;ur
in
a
1
in
the
pro-
Apprsxlmata
(15.2
shipping
(25.5
shipping
cm)
WaiigM:
behind
weight.
kg)
net;
weight.
Center
the
front
69
pounds,
of
gravity
mounting
60
pounds,
unds,
3
ounces
56
pounds,
"1
is
about
surface.
11
ounces
2
ounces
0ouncss
6
(332
(31
"6
inches
kg)
kg)
Specifications
2-3
Studio
Reference
Service
ManuaI
This
page
inten&ianally
/aft
blank
Studio
Reference
Service
Manual
The
Studis
VAC?
tion,
transformer
form the
and
3.2
to
order
number
CAUPfO#:
on
gxperisne~d
valtage
1.
Remove
plifier
2,
With
module
Reference
I20
VAG,
This
is
fallowing
ta
convert
the
listed
B~eausa
contlguratiian,
tha
(held
on
the
front
{front
Ampfifiers
200
VAC,
made
for
the
passible
high
pracedure
the
operating
approprate
in
Figure
thare
t~ehnician
tap
cover
by
8
screws).
panel
toward
center)
and
can
220
VAC
or
by
the
energy
power
and
refer
voltage.
circuit
breaker
3.2.
1%
a
risk
of
slsctr!~
ahould
aggmpfk
of
the
Studio
you,
the
tab
connectors
VOCrAGE
be
wired
240
VAC
use
of
supplies.
%s
Figures
YOU
using
sheek,
ts
altgr
Referenee
locate
tka
JUMPER
age
for
100
opera-
a
multitap
Per-
3.3
may
have
the part
sniy
the
line
am-
controt
(upper
Convers
-
right
3,
and
4.
charrges
5.
nections.
6,
side
operating
7,
necessary+
8.
read
side
9,
1
-".-
hand
corner
Cut
and
remsve
wires,
Refer
to
Figure
for
the
lnstaBI
wire
Note
the
of
the
module
line
Refer
"I
Figure
On
the
rear
the
correct
of
the
rear
ReassembHe
of
the
desired
ties
to
frequency.
32
05
$he
valtage.
panel,
the
unit.
WPt
module).
wire
3,1
and
operating
dress
and
change,
and
change
unit,
change
This
just
above
6
ties
make
the
is
to
access
voltage.
wires
switch
if
necessary,
the
?$"re
on
the
the
the
the
appropriate
above
on
the
Circuit
line
cord
lower
serial
jumpers
the
ief2
hand
for
Breaker
tag
right
hand
tag.
con-
the
if
to
Figure
Ct
RCUfT
30
3.1
BREAKER
AMP,
C
Specific
7756-7
Vo1tage
Wifing
SELECTiON
1
20
AMP.
Cl
01
93-8
@
crawma
--.,."---
. , .
, " '
Studio
-."...--,
Reference
Service
Manuaf
R@K
.
0
This
page
intentionally
left
blank
Voltage
Conversion
3-2
Studio
Reference
Service
Manual
INVERTING
BRIDGE
BWUNCE
LOW
OUTPUT
PNP
STAGE
Circuit
SIDE
Theory
4-1
Bcrcrurn.
Studio
innovations, including gf@tuflded
teehnofogies.
essentially air conditianer technology.
lo
across
significantly better emling than
nology
transistors are
plastic case
thermal
ings.
sure
used
ers utilize n~gativa;. feedback
vide
back
damping.
in
feedback,
distortion output tapol~gy~
erence
Fsatt~res
high
varjable
fiffes;
ervodtage and internal fault protection,
fier can operate
as
a)lows seiectian
put.
are
user
presence
the
riel
put
For
or
Referenee amplifiers utilize numerous
Cooling
top, and front to
a
wid@
heatsink.
used
by
of
style.
margin
Ail
devices
maximum
is
negative feedback. Almost
stabifity$
imps
reliability, Another electronic
but
far
maximum
t~chniques
side.
Air
This
many other manufacturers, Output
the
metal can
This
alIo\~s
for
the given voltage
used
are tested
Crown
uses
stability
Studio Reference ampiifiers
@XC$S$
af
20,000
along
in
the bass frequency range.
with
our compensation and
make
amplifier superior*
specific
power
speed,
Soft
start
well
as
in
Level
cnr-llr~ls are mounted
of
the rotary type, Front
know the status
(SP!),
to
the
Studio Reference
toroidal Esansfsrmsr; Computer controlad,
whisper quiet
circuit
Za control inrush curroot;
in either
Dual
sf
and
Bridgge;! or Parallel Mans mode,
(stereo)
made,
input voltage
of
amplifier
distortion
front panel is a five-segmet display Tor each chanÂwhich
displays
level
in
dB,
addiriauai
ta
the appficable WaFerence Manual,
either
dynamic
details s~fer to the specification section,
Sfudjo Weference
, , ,
bridge
make
ftsws a shafi
type
of air flow pro.\rides
the
"wind
type,
for
a significantly higher
and
--,-..-.-
and
use
Air
flows
$unnel'"tech-
rather
and
current rat-
grad~d to en-
technique
atl
power amplifi-
80
control
multiple
and
gain
nested
greatly
impag>k/ed
have
Grown Studio
include:
fan;
Built
in
AC
This
A
sensitivity
required
on
panel
enable,
(90C),
for
rated &rut-
the front panel and
indicators let
QDEP9
Alsa
included
range
tn
dB
of
damping
Crown
ODEP
what
is
bottom
distance
than
fh~
and pro-
feed-
This
ut"l3-l~~
Ref-
A
power
Fuji
ov-
ampli-
switch
the
signal
on
ar
aut-
two waveforms
condition which,
Signal
Service
Lift
input
amp stage. The
ancsd input
Switch.
is
fed
Manual
-.".-
-
k
to interrupt around
The
non-inverting
to
the
non-hverting
inver"ring
is
fed
to
..,.
"
the
inverting
".,-
-
amp stags. A potentiometer
mod@
rejection adjnmstment
is
at
unity
gain, (From an
this
stage
actually provides
anced signal is
$put
gain
placsd
sf
is
itch,
and
s
an inverting stage
mp
stage. Because
B
(factor
sd
$y
nee,
The Sensitivity Switch sets the
(R5f
audio
on
its
the
BGS,
determined
lev@/
sf
2Q),
csntrosling the
put impedance to this stage
that
the
overall
amplifier gain
or
0.775V
tpuX
the
from
Errof
ar
Amp
the
capacitor
output
op
is
re~istor
tpuWof
revent averdriving the Error
mp
amplifies the difference
ut
signals,
will
produce
in
turn,
results
ths
Error
(ES)
drives the Voltage Translators,
lw~=os
via
the
(hot)
si&
of
the balanced
input
of
the;
(negative)
is
2).
side
input
of
provided
far
Electricaiiys the
of the
the
esmmon
perspe~tive, however,
+6dB
gain
if
a
fully
iraput.)
Tho
BGS
is
the signal goes to
by
the
position
is
detc~mined
with
gain
by
the
the
input
after this
greater amplifier sensi-
ratio
of f~edback
and
varies
the
gain such
is
26
dB,
or
is
adjusted
d.4V
input
to
attain rated
VGS
is
fed
to
the non-
op-amp
$C
t
00)
led
(W
1Q3),
the
amplifier
back
any
stage through
and
input
via
the
The
ratlo
at
26
difference
resistor
negative
of
a near open loop gain
in
high
peak auWpu&.
Amp,
called the Error
R~K
0
Ground
firs@
op-
bal-
firswsp-
BGS
bai-
a
nsn-
the
of the
level
being
stage
in-
feed-
dB,
Bi-
Amp.
be-
in
the
4.3
Front
End
Operation
The
front end
Gain Stage
is
comprised
(BGS),
the Error Amp. Figure
of the front
4-3,f
lnpk~t
1/4"
Cir~uit Theory
end and
Balanced
ts
the
amplifier
inputs
may
Gain
be isolated
4-2
of
three
Variable
42
shows
Gain
a
stages:
Stage
simplified
Balanced
{VGS),
diagram
voltage ampixfieation stages,
Stage
(80%)
is
balanced, The
from
shield
from
chassis ground
and
the
by
4.4
Voltage
The
Voltage
the Error
drive
Amp
vol"s~ge?s
translating the
kV@c
referenee,
fication
and
muse there
stage,
the
gain
Alnplifi~ation
Translator
into
for
signal
drive
is
a
after the translatar
stage
separates
balanced positive and negative
the Last bltage Amplifiers
from ground referenced
LVAS
provide the
the
High
Side
slight
lass
of
gain
the
output
(LVAS)~
n
rnak
voltage ampli-
output stages.
in
the
translator
is
a
factor
of
15V
Be-
25.2,
of
to
ence.
Their
outputs
drive
their
respechive
tVA,
muting
as
dictated
as
dietated
transistors,
by
th@
by
thg
The
BDEP
fault
circuit,
QQEP
transistors
circuitry
or
shunt
steal
the
drive
audio
Circuit
Theory
4-3
Figure
bridgs output topology.
of
stages per channel: one
High Side of
NPN
trolling
stages
distortion
efficiency.
4,5.%
Thhe
conventional
the input drive vsitage becomes more po%itive, the
HS
10ad,
tion
PNP
going,
and
The
device.
two parts
class
resistorx
Isw
predriver and driver
tion
devices
1QOmW
to
put
The
positive half, except that
difference
in
cutoM
because
WS
Vbe
under static conditions,
halves
With a full base-emitter on voltage
predrivers
in approximately
the positive half,
tor in the negative
4.3
is a simplified
three deep DarDington (composite) emitter-follsw~r
the
bridge (driving the
and
one
PMP
an
the ground reference for %Re rails).
are biased
in
High
Side
High
Side (HS)
NPN
conducts
Eventually
and
+Vcc
is
biased
"Be
HS
the
HS
output
of
Sgsgethar, the predriver
sf
AB,
They
bypassing
about
and
the
device provides
negative half
value
180mW,
limit driver
are biased class
blr~tpat
load. Together with predriver
is
sa
that
level
under static
PNP
bias
is
rsgulated
multipiier which maintair-rs approximately
of
the
and
ta operate
the signal zero-crossing region and
[NS)
af the bridge operates much like
bipolar push-pull output configuration,
and
the
is
acrsss the
off.
When
PNP
canducts to deliver -Vcc to the load
NPN
stage
the
+LVA
the three-deep Darlington and are
provide output drive
the
base
they
switch on
sf
that the
PNP
PNP
devices require greater drive current.
WS
output
drivers, tha balance of
.3V
and
half,
exampfe
It
consists of
NPN
and
of
four
one
the
Isad),
the
Low
Side
of the bridge (con-
class
AB+B
delivers positive voltage
NPN
devices reach
load,
At
this time the
the
drive
signal is negative
is
off.
drjvm the base
and
of
$8.~
driver farm
through
output devicas,
An
RLC
network between
provide
an
the
output
by
phase
current
B,
averall cFass
HS
bias
(no
Q18,
are
Just
to
is
almsst
the
devices are
resistor is
devices
signal)
the
The
positive
in
parallel
$a
below
eonduct
Bias
at
shift
safs Bevels. Output
s%sculotf.
high
and
driver? the out-
AB+B
identical
slightly
run
closer
conditions,
Seavs,
and
with
drop
voltage
drop across
about
Q
J
bn$
~~nd~clior~
.5V
the
acrsss
bias
The
{and
grounded
quadrants
PNP
an
the
and
apse
The
output
far ultra
full
low
high
to
the
conduc-
HS
pradriver
the
first
biased
the
bias
Bevels
be-
the
As
csmpensa-
At about
current
output,
to
the
PNP
One
greater
to
the
This
QlS
is
3,2V
Vee
negative
this
3.2V
across
rasuits
resistors in
bias resis-
thus bias)
A
diode suing pr~vents
within the
Flyback
loads
from
minating circuit blocks
ing
the
4,5,2
The
supply
the
a
secondary
tha
ground,
other,
and
total difference
with
back
ence
ranged
AB+B
When
is
fed to an
inverted signal is delivered direeIIy to
positive
negative drive forces the
off),
Darlington drops.
ground, -Vcc
the pswer supply
tatai
forced
until,
and
a
positive pslarily'
%he
power
rail
is
a
(k72VDC
therefore,
sf
+"I
Cosrversely, during a negative swing
where
output
canduct.
ground
groidnd
SVCC
potential with
high
conduction output devices
diodes
to
dangerous reverse voltage levels. An output
amplifier
L@w
tow Side
bridge
high
but
This
-Vcc
respect
from
for
in
in
the
the
(NPN)
As
the
vsltage from
higher
at
the
+VGC
44v*
HS
a
positive
potential
patentraf.
=z
OV
shunt
bask-EMF
the
power supply to protect output devices
WF
through its output connectors,
Side
(L8)
(LS)
operates
rectifier
of
vsltage power supply
~Vcc remain canstant with respect
allows
from
the
io
ts
the HS
the
rails
a
three-deep Darlington
same
amplifisr output swings positive,
sp-amp
and
PNP
is
pulled toward ground reference.
above
positive
eq~aIs the total
supply
me?asur@d
the
amplifier output can reach a positiva
PNP
devices conduct,
This
would
and
a
negative pofariWy. Using
is not ground referenced, nor
the main transformer,
the pswer
same
potential, regardless
ground.
output
(AVCC),
manner as
stage
negative
devices
With
is
not ground referenced (and the
aVcc
ground potential.
amplifier output peak,
In
the
produces
voltage forcing
result
and
-Vcc
At
tl-$6
negative
-Vcc
equals
excessive
on
quite
bridge
The LS
$0
control
Both
where
(PNP)
LS
coaduct, VCB
LS
dsviics emitters tied
to
-Vcc
power
Reference
a
totat
from
ground
in
swinging
the tstal power supply
charge
pulses
output
differently.
floats
supply
rectifier
uses
LS
thc
PMP
is
supply potential with
hS
+Vcc
amplifier sutpvt
from
lines
in
othsr
with respect
to deliver
and
of
their voltages
inverted feed-
the
ground refer*
quadrants are ar-
and
WS,
it
is
inverted,
the
bases
LS
predrrivers.
devices on
constant)
This
1,
for
af14488
with
af
the
the
op-amp
NPN
swinging
further from
the
build
whew
reactive
from
enter-
The
power
wards,
to
each
+Vcc
fiitsr
as
are
biased
the
audio
This
of
the
The
(NPN
af
the
PNP
Since
+VGC
continues
-Vcc
-.
example,
from rail ts
ns
signal),
peak
HS
output
would
devices
tsward
peak,
same
ex-
up
off,
ter-
is
ta
a
to
is
OV
to
Circuit
Theory
4-4
Rev
-..,-
0
E
!
t
k
I
rn
Sfudio
,,.
,
Reference
Service
Manual
@CraUme
k72VDC
statically)
is
capable
of
produsing
288V
rent (negative
An
iocrease
measurable
by
amplifi~r
in
positive
normal
output)
output
means)
and
signal
and
+Vcc
the
are
into
time
sensed,
a
load
delay
will
from
@crown*
4.7
C@~tr@l
The
Reference amplifiers
to
guard
off
transients,
dew
comparator
tors
the
regulates
4.7,1
DCBF
The
amplifier output sigf-ral
pass filter
dew
comparator
eireuitry
against dangerous
At
the
~102,
thermal conditions,
the
fan
Pr@t@@
(R184,
--
-..-.-.
have
heart
?kg
speed
C
(UJQ21,
accordingly,
1
19,
R186
DC
sf
via
is
if
Studio
Refer~nce
-"-
fault protect circuitry
voltages
this
~ir~~ifry
fan
control girc~ij:
the
passed
*and
DC
and
OBEP
eireuit,
through
C107)
ts
campsnent exÂceeds a predetermined level, the output of the
parator (pins
pin
23
going
transistors
opening
4,7,2
Fsuft
The
fau&
disa$le the
put
fault.
output
tive
The
Q329
are
(pin
supply
The
a126,
and
semicsnductars,
sections, draw excessive currents,
[ow
and
conducting excessive
13)
and
high
Qf
BNP drive
sentation
wnt
occurs,
through the
4.1.3
TBFR
During
which
causes %he
to
be
!OW
13
high,
lay
K2,
and
tors.
Aft~r
charged
13
to
go
1
and
2)
goes
to a high
and
the
relay
Circuit
circuitry
high
A
fau/$
state
disables
K2.
is
designed
energy
is
defined
supply
in
side
of
Q130,
is
forcegs$
mutes
side
27
and
of
output
&ridge
to the
fault detection consists
ff
both
NPN
high,
This
the
audio
sf
bridge
U101.
This
feedback
devics
the window cegmparatsr
opto isslatsr
8n
Bs%ay
power
up,
the
capacitor
U101.
nan-inverting
and
the output
the
high
energy
the
audio
approximately
and
pin
10
low
and
the
(pin
taik
is
mutsd
is
pulled
amplifier
law.
The
result
which
turns
on
the
high
energy
to
mute
in
the event of
as
any time
both
the
and
cajirrents,
disables
PNP
in
negative
output devices
tha
output
the
high
path,
fault
detection
consists
circuit compares the
signal,
current.
input
13)
are
by
4
seconds,
high,
to
giving
If
excessive
U
1
Q2
is
C'I
18
is charging,
{pin
-4
$0
be
high,
disabled by
the muting transis-
C1
thus
causing
:,cams
out of
the
supply
audio
which
and
sf
triggered
09
With
"I
standby-
turn
on/
the
win-
moni-
and
a
low
the
win-
cam-
is
U302
muting
by
and
an
out-
the
posi-
Q128,
af
U'T82
energy
of
NPN
a
repre-
cur-
of U 182
pin
the
re-
Qis
fully
pin
Service
nal.
ManuaE
p..-.p
As
the outpeat transistorlheatsink
Peratu~e, the
+joVBC
both
QDEP
nal to change,
-12.5VDC,
up
at
+
1
2,5VDC0
input
of
the
high
$+24V),
more
positive,
the
ing
U4,
AG
Ph@
$he
QP-amP
U7
A,
madule.,
from the
tars
detector.
is
turned
ing
type
waveform
the
fan
fan.
Therefare, the
'The
u!@
and
fief
is
fan
an
opts-triac,
supply for
Gating
Q3,
and
C12
+15V
the
tine
Every
sa?
waveform.
is
contrkal
f%f?
Enabje
holds the
in
standby<
the amplifier
At
the
heart
of
power
energy,
and
plies,
the
ings in
4,8,1
824
such
pawere
may
shift
transformer,
secondary
there
is
"f?er@
transfarmer
the
event
AC
tin@
and
025
that they
This
develop
in
the
AC
---
increases
ODEP
f3ear
vsltages
The
3rd
op-amp
and
this output
accordin~j~~ The output of
Signadis
Uj@+
the
and
supply,
voltage
lime the
and
used
signat
is
in
the
one
is
also
wtlich
Filter
are
null
done
a
mechanical
waveform
voltage
~~~Cv
it
will
fan
contra& signal starts
after
complete
Phis
voltage
U
1
B,
as
the
fan
which
fhe
fan,
fed
into
This
gating signal
Fan
Enable
RE3
farm
begins
wave
line
discharges
The
higher
to
turn
off
itself
fan cantrod curr~nt
%nai
cQm@s
Gating
"I^'herefsfe
standby*
power
low voltaga winding
Si~flaf
supply
There
windings,
a
thermal
will
disable the
kvei
will
If 1s
Cause
the
ODEP
is fed
a
drop
fan
limiting,
into
The initial output
will
in
farm
turn
an
control
became
the
signal
signal
low,
drives
nsn-inverting
is
from
RC
timing circuit that,
Is
charge,
and
is
a
waveform crosses
C12,
This
causes
p~$i$ive
%he
~pto-triac,
is
aF
a value
portion
ks
has
from
the
display
high
when
the
fan
will
not
is
a
muiti-tap torraidaH
are
two ungrounded, high
one
for
each channel,
for
eu%
off
switch
secondary
of the transformer overheating.
ir-t
the
AC
out
any
because
primary,
DC
the tarriodiat
buzz
applied
They
compo9-ren"in
if
them
to
the
R@K
in
tem-
drop fmm
in
one of
csntroi
out
the inverting
U1
Q4,
a
p~~duct
the
U1A
Oil
aven
turn
a
duty
the
turn
the
transformer
is
transfarmer
sig-
around
ends
sf
U1
B
becomes
thus
turn-
I3
drives
a
triac
input
display
rnoni-
crossing
OV,
a
ramp-
of
.&he
when
sn
the
cycle,
!"nod-
amp&
when
24V
sup-
built into
wind-
are
wired
the
AC
any
DC
of
of
Q4
Q
, , ,-
is
in
4,7,4
Fsn
The
F8n
bias
valfages.
voltages
Circuit
Theov
Centre!
ContrdSi~na$is
Both
are
eambined
4-6
t.aken
channel
to
from
1
and
create
the
channel
the
positive
fan
c~rrtrsl
ODE$
2
ODEP
sig-
inrush current that
rmer, a SO%$
Start
is
possible
Circuit
has
with
been
the
in-
and
power
4,8.3
Over
Ul
El
serves
of
over line
vslfags
high
energy
plies
the
as
the
window
of
U1
D,
applied
tisn
and
to
remain
Resistors
ping
neWsrk
ground,
supply
R4
Hevel
will
is
applied
exceeds
switches
placing
biases
4.9
4.9.1
U3A
R15
has
-7V
a1
the
and
biased
pacitor
the
off
Display
ilOC
and
and
a
window
U3A
and
error
switches
on
C27
human
is
applied
Voltage
as
a
voltage
sxceeds
power
regulated
reference
&he
output:
across
allows
Q1
ensrgired
W3,
W4,
from
As
the
line
increase,
to
%he
states,
a
logic
Q
1
and
Circuitry
U3B
serve
R'W
7s
level
and
U38
the
10~
amp
appears,
the
and
the
makes
eye
to
diractty
Proteetion
window
cantro!, In the
10%
over
supplies
+
I
SV
(pin
033
and
to
remain
R5
and
the
unregulated
voltage
The
Pin
1
1
(non-inverting
window
This
allows
high
on
the
de-energizes
as a
voltage comparator
the
r@sistor
of
+7V
have
LEO
El,
the
state
of
tOC
LED,
sure
the
see
it.
to
the
comparator
the
rated
are
to
pin
"I
level.
With
13)
has
a
014,
This
on,
which
R6
serve
incraas~s,
voltage
level
Dl
3
base
iievsD
of
and
0%
K2.
dropping
and
pin
a
logic
high
when
ths
7V
window
U3A
and
El,
iliuminates.
LED
is
transformer.
for
the
event that
line
voltage,
disabled,
of
U
1
B
and
pin
10
in
logic
law
prevents
thus
allows
a$
a
resistor
+24V
supply
the
unregulated
sn
the
input).
When
pin
-10,
the
0
14
to
canduet,
01%
This,
with
newark.
4
has a window
which
Signal
is
overcame
U3B.
Q1
lit
long enough
purpose
the
line
the
W7
%up-
serves
csntrof
which
csndue-
K2
drop-
to
wiper
of
the
circuit
iu
turn,
R13,
Pin
of
turns
off
fro.cam
is
then
The
ca-
for
4,9.3
Signal
incorporated
is
ef signal
SB
U
1 A and
nal.
E3,
at
(Signal
U1
which
the
autpkdt of
indication.
B
takes
Dynamic
With
the
switch
fied
audio
sequence
fied
but
unfiltered,
of
%he
audio
serve
as
Range
vide
puts
This
ing
amp,
the
the
pull
ranga
'7'
Output
With
signal
paratsr
non-inverting inputs,
$rated
display
plifier"
LEDs.
a resistor
"l
athe
same
i~lputs
U1
C.
nan-inverting
inverting
of
each
of
tha
Leved
the
switch,
is
still
drivers.
reference
balance between
Indlcatlan
on
the
Presence
D3
serve
this
illuminates
the
Range
51
signal
is
of
window
waveform,
the
current
R29,
dropping
LED
drivers,
reclifisd
via
the
This
filtered
inputs
inputs
LED
signal,
$1,
placed
A
small
far
display
to
module are three
Bndicnfiow)
rectify the
rectified signal
any
timg
amplifier
in
the
placed
comparators.
therefore
channel,
Dynamic
on
the
it
contains
U3C,
U3D,
sources
R3t
R33,
W35,
network
signal
is
placed
filtering
Function
sigr~al
is
receiving
receiving
th~
comparator
in
the
Level
on
the
inverting
DC
level
This DC
comparatofs.
the
two
amplifier
and
there
position,
invsrtin~
This
USA,
for
the
R37
for
an
of
of
an
the
peak
equals
positian,
inputs
is
piaced
level
serves
W78
channels
output
drives
is
signal
inputs
signal
ah@
peak
U5B
five
and
the
inverting
the
non-invert-
C3
and
RMS
value,
RMS
value, and
value,
the
the
af
ow
as a cali-
calibrates
sf
modes
sig-
the
LED,
pre~ent
this
recti-
of
is
recti-
value
and
U5B
Dynamic
R39
pro-
in-
the
op-
With
the
aut-
dynamic
peak
the
corn-
all
of
the
the
the
am-
a
4,9,2
U1
B
the
OBEP
tions
BY
ts
signal
60EP
on
the
pin
14
conduct
drops
display
LED
of
Uf
and
ts
E15,
D
the
module
Under
is
a
negative
El5
point
is
the
normas
to
illuw~inate.
wkiiere
OBfP
curr@nt
operating
vsitags.
As
limiting
source
condi-
This
allows
the
ODEP
far
takes
Circuit
Theory
4-7
@crmwmx
-""...."-
St~~dia
-,.-
Reference
Servjce
" ""
Manuaf
-...--
This
page
intentianally
left
blank
Circuit
Theory
4-8
R@K
----...,
0
-...I.....YIIIIIIIIIIllllYllllllYl
...-
-
,,, ,, ,
Studio
Reference
Service
, , ,,
Manual
-.,-
mcrmwn*
5,2
Standard
Level
controls
StereoBMano
Sensitivity
It
is
assumed,
amplifier
wise
specified,
5,3
QC
Offset
Spgc;
8 WBC,
lnltial
Ce~dttOax~gr
Preeadurs:
tors
(rear
set.
If
spec
tian,
Sligh8fy
to
U"iQiU204
5.4
Output
Spec:
300
ilnitiall
Gandstiaa$::
peratare
P~oeedurs:
ule
across R02,
voltages
if
necessary.
5.5
ODEP
Spat:
Bias
InltiaiP
@oiaridition%:
room
temperature
adjustrnerr"rh8ufd
r~rintsts%
possible,
sure
when referencing
07
ambient
initial
fully
switch
switch
in
are
per
k2
Msasure
panel).
is
not
out
0165:
Bias
ta
320
less
than
Measwe
adjust
on
the
output
Repeat
Voltage
Per
Chart,
turn
an
measure
room
Checkou
Cowdltigns
clockwise.
in
Stereo.
in
26
dB
fixed
each
step,
that
these
initial
rnV
Controls
There
met,
of
of
Adjustment
rnVDC,
Contrais
ContnaSs
the
per
DC
voltage
is
ns
adjustment
there
spec
measurEment
tolerance,
per
40°C
DC
voltages
R26
if
module
for
second
Adjustment
~6,4V
DC.
per
20
to
30°C
nsrmaliy
from
ambient
healsink
temperature.
temperature;
$.a/lawing
gain
pasition.
Ehe
conditions
conditions
standard,
is
an
standard,
B-eecessary,
across
at
the
afectricai
or?
the
R21,
mputs
sutput
channel.
standard,
(68
to
86°F)"
be
performed
(esfd)
Use
this
chart,
of
the
unless
other-
shorted
canncc-
for
output
off-
rnaifunc-
is
usually
healsink
output
Measure
adjerst
due
tern-
mod-
DC
R23
heatsink
Note:
This
wilhin
cornditions,
if
not,
msa-
infarmation
at
2
If
t8,9
28.0
21.7
22.2
23.3
25.0
25,6
26.7
2723
28,9
30.0
31.1
32.2
-ODEP
to
+OOEP
sary,
Measure
5,6
Spbc::
initial
Proe8Bure:
sary,
adjust
Measure
obtain
~rocgiite:
adjust
oblasn
BC
Power
70
Wazrs
Csnditions:
pin
V
pin
v+OL)EP
Procedure:
AC
line
wattage
check.
far
high
5.7
High
Spec:
Unit
goes
^f
8%
lnltial
Gondltionsl:
Proeedgre:
age
with a variac
this
is
132VAC
standby.
Adjust
sary.
5.8
Common
Spac:
>70
initial
Cendilions:
Prosgdure:
sine
wav@
wieh
inverting
getkaer.
than
Adjust
4,9mVRMS
-10.31
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at
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the
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Inject
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and
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the
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RE12
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the
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measure
is
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line
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go
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1
at
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for
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R232
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Checkout
5-1
5.9
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Spee
2666
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Spec
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26
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i
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iting
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the
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Checkout
5-2
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Figure
5.3
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kHz
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the
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load
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ail
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each
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channel
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channel
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far
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28
I
I
I
Electrical
Checkout
5-3
Checkou
Procedures
5,16
ODEP
Spss:
QDEP
fimiting.
No
ascillatisn
LED
dims
Either
Limiting
Mode.
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wave
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few
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form
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output
2,
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channel
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fan
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28
VA6,
to
Figure
channels
Switch
load
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and
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instail
channels
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out
as
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per
so
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with
the
output
After
5'9.
and
ailgaw
the
amplifier
channel
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the
load
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the
amplifier
limiting
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it
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ohms
same
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few
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Remove
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Remove
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each
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.--
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observe
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inject
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the
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Turn
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out
8
Low
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peak
square
wave
into
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in
standbys
5
seconds.
and
Turn
signal;
NO
load.
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the
should
the
of
standby"
of
standby
Controls
inject
the
amplifier
pswer
the
3
to
Note
3
clamp
supplies.
at
Frequency
gwutas
for
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wave,
each
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channel
it
will
lay
to cycle
driven
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ts
5
second
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staradard,
a
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kHz
sine
output
5
the
off
with
the
second
thal
exact
signal
the
signal,
Turn
deiay
both
same
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low
frequency,
per
standard,
a
0.5
HZ
a
2
Hz
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one
channel
cycles
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of
standby
turn
on
delay,
wave
into
with
an
assillpa-
front
panel
switch.
not
allow
the
amplifier
before
it
comes
channels
may
time.
12
voft
peak-to-
ppgak-to-peak
ak: a
time,
into
standby*
every
both
it
to
back
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5-4
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35
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120
11
117
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dB
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measurE
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and monitor
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per
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on
condition,
output noise
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standard.
turn
sff
the
amplifier
at
the
time
of
turn
08.
5,21
hEB
switch
ODEP
5.22
Sp@g;
is
engaged,
limit,
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oilurninate
initial
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Switch
in
the
Prosedurs:
ject
a
1
kHz
fier-
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and
Ch
2
-10
Note:
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sembled
Next,
below.
in
verify
Funstions
Set-Up
displays
at
output
With
sins
the
complete
order
thaheah
voltages
ConlroBs
Bu%put
the
display set
wave
level
se
R78
sn
dB
LEDs
to
access the
Leve!
front
indicator
balance
per
pea
positioa.
into
both
that
the
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display
pulse
panel
each
other;
chart
below,
standard.
to
read
output
channels
-18
dB
LEDs
board
at
the
same
needs
display
illuminates
OadicaWors
Meter
Bevel
of
the
ampli-
puke
until
the
fraquency*
to
be
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board.
per the
Mode
in-
an
Ch
1
chart
Eiiestrical
Checkout
5-5
This
page
intantiarmally
ieft
blank
Electrical
Checkout
5-6