Crossbow Technology MPR2400, MPR400, MPR500, MPR510, MPR420 User Manual

MPR/ MIB User’s Manual

Rev. A, August 2004

Document 7430 -0021-06

© 2002-2004 Crossbow Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Crossbow is a registered trademark. DMU is a trademark of Crossbow Technology, Inc. Other
product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Table of Contents

1 Introduction......................................................................................................................3

2 MPR2400 (MICAz) ..........................................................................................................4

2.1 Product Summary .................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz......................................4

2.3 FCC Certification for the MICAz............................................................................8

3 MPR400/MPR410/MPR420 (MICA2)............................................................................9

3.1 Product Summary .................................................................................................. 9

3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420 ..................................................9

4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT).................................................................14

4.1 Product Summary ................................................................................................ 14

4.2 On-board Thermistor ........................................................................................... 14

4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT................... 15

5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA)............................................................................................19

5.1 Schematic ........................................................................................................... 19

Power...............................................................................................................................20

6 20

6.1 Battery Power ...................................................................................................... 20

6.2 External Power.................................................................................................... 21

6.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor .......................................................................... 22

6.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor .......................................................................... 22

6.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor .................................................................. 23

7 Radios ..............................................................................................................................24

7.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT ..................................................................................... 24

7.2 MICAz............................................................................................................... 26

8 Antennas..........................................................................................................................29

8.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations ............................................................................. 29

8.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICAz and Whip Antennas................................... 29

9 Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip .........................................................................31

10 Atmega128 Fuses............................................................................................................32

11 Sensor Boards & Expansion Connectors .....................................................................33

11.1 Sensor Board Compatibility ................................................................................. 33

11.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector ............................................................ 33

11.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector ....................................................................... 35

12 MIB300 / MIB500 Interface Boards .............................................................................36

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 1

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

12.1 Programming the Mote ........................................................................................ 36

12.2 RS-232 Interface................................................................................................. 36

13 MIB510 Serial Interface Boards ...................................................................................37

13.1 Product Summary ................................................................................................ 37

13.2 ISP ..................................................................................................................... 37

13.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510 ................................................................. 37

13.4 Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT .................................................... 38

14 MIB600CA......................................................................................................................42

14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 42

14.2 Setup / Installation............................................................................................... 42

Host Software...................................................................................................... 44

14.3 44

14.4 MIB600 Use........................................................................................................ 44

JTAG.................................................................................................................. 45

14.5 45

15 Appendix A: 10/100 Base-T Cabling Standards ..........................................................47

16 Warranty and Support Information.............................................................................48

16.1 Customer Service ................................................................................................ 48

16.2 Contact Directory ................................................................................................ 48

16.3 Return Procedure................................................................................................. 48

16.4 Warranty............................................................................................................. 49

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 2

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

1 INTRODUCTION

This User’s Manual describes the hardware features of the Mote Processor Radio (MPR)
platforms and Mote Interface Boards (MIB) for network base stations and programming
interfaces. It is intended for understanding and leveraging Crossbow’s Smart Dust hardware
design in real-world sensor network, smart RFID, and ubiquitous computing applications. Table
Table 1-1 below lists the models in this Manual. Table 1-2 below summarizes the main features
of each Mote.

Table 1-1. This User’s Manual covers these MPR and MIB models.

MPR

MIB 600 510 500 300

2400

(MICAz)

Table 1-2. Mote Product Summary.

Mote Hardware Platform MICAz MICA2 MICA2DOT MICA

Models (as of August 2004) MPR2400 MPR400/410/420 MPR500/510/520 MPR300/310
Chip ATMega128L ATMega103L

Type 7.37 MHz, 8 bit 4 MHz, 8 bit 4 MHz, 8 bit

MCU

SRAM (kB) 4

Sensor Board Interface

Chip CC2420 CC1000 TR1000

RF Transceiver (Radio)

Memory

Default power source

Program
Memory

(kB)

Type 51 pin 18 pin 51 pin
10-Bit ADC 7, 0 V to 3 V input 6, 0 V to 3 V

UART 2 1 2
Other

interfaces

Radio
Frequency

(MHz)
Max. Data

Rate
(kbits/sec)

Antenna
Connector

Chip AT45DB014B
Connection

Type
Size (kB) 512
Type AA, 2× Coin (CR23 54) AA, 2×
Typical

capacity
(mA-hr)

3.3 V
booster

400/410/420

(MICA2)

2400 315/433/915 433/915

250 38.4 40

500/510/520

(MICA2DOT)

DIO, I2C DIO DIO, I2C

MMCX PCB solder hole

2000 560 2000

N/A

300/310

(MICA)

128

input

SPI Flash Data Logger

7, 0 V to 3 V

input

ü

This Manual is not a software guide to programming the motes in TinyOS/nesC, nor is it a guide
to pre-built software packages that run on top of the Motes. The following two resources are
available regarding software:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 3

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

q TinyOS Getting Started Guide by Crossbow Technology, Inc . available on the TinyOS

Wireless Sensor Networks

Support Tools CDROM or the Crossbow web site at www.xbow.com under Support>User’s
Manuals.

q The TinyOS web site at http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/tos

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 4

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

2 MPR2400 (MICA Z)

2.1 Product Summary

The MICAz is the latest generation of Motes from Crossbow Technology. The MPR2400 (2400
MHz to 2483.5 MHz band) uses the Chipcon CC2420, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant, ZigBee ready
radio frequency transceiver integrated with an Atmega128L micro-controller. The same MICA2,
51 pin I/O connector, and serial flash memory is used ; all MICA2 application software and
sensor boards are compatible with the MPR2400.

Figure 2-1. Photo of the MPR2400—MICAz with standard antenna. For the dimensions of the
board and locations of the mounting holes, see Figure 2-2.

2.2 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR2400 / MICAz

Antenna

Antenna

MMCX connector

MMCX connector

Logger

Logger

Flash

Flash

ATMega128L

ATMega128L

µcontroller

µcontroller

Analog I/O

Analog I/O

Digital I/O

Digital I/O

CC2420 DSSS

CC2420 DSSS

Radio

Radio

51-Pin Expansion Connector

51-Pin Expansion Connector

Feature Chapter

Batteries 6

Radio 7

Antenna 8

Data Flash Logger 9

Atmega128 10

Expansion Connector 11

LEDs

LEDs

Figure 2-1. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in

greater detail.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 5

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

2.2.1 51-pin Expansion Connector

Wireless Sensor Networks

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 6

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

2.2.2 CC2420 Radio

Wireless Sensor Networks

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 7

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

2.2.3 Battery, ADC1

Wireless Sensor Networks

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 8

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

2.3 FCC Certification for the MICAz

The MICAz Mote is classified by the FCC as both a Class A and a Class B digital device. As
such this section describes how to operate the equipment so that it does not cause unintended RF
interference.

2.3.1 Class A & B Digital Device Compliance

This equipment has been tested by the FCC and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, a nd can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may
cause harmful interfe rence to radio communications. There is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a commercial environment. Howe ver, operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interference, which can be determined by turning the equipment
off and on. If this is the case the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by
one or more of the following measures:

q Reorient or locate the receiving antenna.
q Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
q Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

q Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

If these measures do not correct for RF interference, t he user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense.

IWARNING: Any modifications to the unit, unless expressly approved by Crossbow
Technology, Inc. could void the user’s authority to operate the MICAz Mote (also referred to as
“equipment” in this Section).

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 9

On/Off Switch

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

3 MPR400/MPR410/MP R420 (MICA2)

3.1 Product Summary

The MICA2 Motes come in three models according to their RF frequency band: the MPR400
(915 MHz), MPR410 (433 MHz), and MPR420 (315 MHz). The Motes use the Chipcon
CC1000, FSK modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful Atmega128L micro-controller and
a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4 x0 and MPR5x0 radios are compatible
and can communicate with each other. (The x = 0, 1, or 2 depending on the model / frequency
band.)

Atmel® ATMega128

External power
connector

MMCX connector

(female)

51-pin Hirose connector

(male)

Figure 3-1. Left: Photo of a MICA2 (MPR4x0) without an antenna. Right: Top and plan views
showing the dimensions and hole locations of the MICA2 PCB without the battery pack.

3.2 Block Diagram and Schematics: MPR400/410/420

Antenna

Antenna

MMCX connector

MMCX connector

Logger

Logger

Flash

Flash

ATMega128L

ATMega128L

µcontroller

µcontroller

Analog I/O

Analog I/O

Digital I/O

Digital I/O

51-Pin Expansion Connector

51-Pin Expansion Connector

Feature Chapter

Battery / Ext. Power 6

Radio 7

Antenna 8

Data Flash Logger 9

Atmega128 10

Expansion Connector 11

CC1000 FSK

CC1000 FSK

Power

Power
Connector

Connector

Figure 3-2. Block diagram of the MICA2 and listing of Chapters that discuss the components in

greater detail.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 10

LEDs

LEDs

VSNSR

.1uF

J5

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

3.2.1 Battery, Power, and ADC1

BT1
BATTERY_2AA

V-

V+

1

2

R1

0 OHM

R4

0 OHM

J4

1
2

CONN

1
2

BOARD OPTIONS

R1
R2
R4
R8
RT1

D1

BAT54C

INSTALL
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED
NOT INSTALLED

BAT_MON

TP3

R2

0 OHM

SW2

1
3

SPDT
R5
1K

VSNSR

THERM_PWR

R8

10K

Wireless Sensor Networks

R6

ADC7

10K

R7

18.2K

U2

1

3

2

LM4041-1.2

VCC

R3

2

0 OHM

ADC1

C2
.1uF

RT1

10.0K

C1

ADC[0..7]

3.2.2 CC1000

RADIO CONTROL

PCLK
PDATA
PALE

RADIO DATA

SPI_SCK
SPI_MOSI
SPI_MISO
CHP_OUT
ADC0 (RSSI)

SPI_SCK

SPI_MISO

PALE

PDATA

DCLK

AVCC

C6

C5

0.033uF

AVCC

R12
10K

U3

23

DIO

24

DCLK

DCLK

25

PCLK

PDATA

PALE

L4

R14

82.5K

R9

1M

R11

1M

PCLK

26

PDATA

27

PALE

10

L1

11

L2

13

R_BIAS

CC1000

C18

4.7pF

VCC

R10

1M

C7

.001uF

.001uF

220PF

L2

VCC

21

159

15

AVCC

AVCC

AVCC

AVCC

Y4

14.7456MHZ

C19
13pF

Title

Size Document Number Rev

B

Date: Sheet of

3

RF_IN

VCC

4

RF_OUT

12

CHP_OUT

28

RSSI

18

XOSC1

17

XOSC2

21

21

C20
13pF

MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ

6310-0306-01 A

C12

C9
220PF

CHP_OUT

C16

.001uF

VCC

AVCC

ADC0

AVCC

C11
.001uF

C14

L5

C17

2 6Friday, March 21, 2003

C10

0.033uF

C13

L3

R13

27.4K

L1

BEAD-0805

C15

VCCC8

MMCX

1

2

J3

1

1

2

2

HDR 2 X 1 X .1

3

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 11

BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE

ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

3.2.3 51-pin Expansion Connector: Location J21

Wireless Sensor Networks

PW[0..7]

BAT_MON

LED3
LED2
LED1

RD

WR

ALE

USART1_CLK

USART1_RXD

USART1_TXD

PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO

SPI_SCK

I2C_CLK

I2C_DATA

PWM0

PWM1A

AC+

AC-

VSNSR

PW7

INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0

J21

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16

HIROSE PLUG

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

DF9-51P-1V(54)

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

UART_RXD0

UART_TXD0
PW0

PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0

THRU1
THRU2
THRU3

VCC

THERM_PWR

RSTN
PWM1B

ADC[0..7]

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0

3.2.4 51-pin Expansion Pads: Location J22

PW[0..7]

INT[0..3]

BAT_MON

LED3
LED2
LED1

RD

WR

ALE

USART1_CLK

PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO

SPI_SCK

USART1_RXD

USART1_TXD

I2C_CLK

I2C_DATA

PWM0

PWM1A

M18

MTG128

M20

MTG128

AC+

AC-

VSNSR

PW7

1

1

1

1

INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0

J22

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

DF9B-51S-1V

27

UART_RXD0

UART_TXD0

28
29

PW0
PW1

30

PW2

31
32

PW3
PW4

33
34

PW5
PW6

35

ADC7

36

ADC6

37

ADC5

38

ADC4

39

ADC3

40
41

ADC2

ADC1

HIROSE SOCKET

42

ADC0

43
44

THRU1

45

THRU2

46

THRU3

47
48
49
50
51

ADC[0..7]

THERM_PWR

RSTN
PWM1B

VCC

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.

Title

MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ

Size Document Number Rev

6310-0306-01 A

B

Date: Sheet of

NAME

PIN

GND

1

VSNSR

2

INT3

3

INT2

4

INT1

5

INT0

6

BAT_MON

7

LED3

8

LED2

9

LED1

10

RD

11

WR

12

ALE

13

PW7

14

USART1_CLK

15

PROG_MOSI

16

PROG_MISO

17

SPI_SCK

18

USART1_RXD

19

USART1_TXD

20

I2C_CLK

21

I2C_DATA

22

PWM0

23

PWM1A

24

AC+

25

AC-

26

NAME DESCRIPTION

PIN

UART_RXD0

27

UART_TXD0

28

PW0

29

PW1

30

PW2

31

PW3

32

PW4

33

PW5

34

PW6

35

ADC7

36

ADC6

37

ADC5

38

ADC4

39

ADC3

40

ADC2

41

ADC1

42

ADC0

43

THERM_PWR

44

THRU1

45

THRU2

46

THRU3

47

RSTN

48

PWM1B

49

VCC

50

GND

51

4 6Friday, March 21, 2003

DESCRIPTION

GROUND
SENSOR SUPPLY
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO

LED3
LED2
LED1
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
POWER CONTROL 7
USART1 CLOCK
SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI
SERIAL PROGRAM MISO
SPI SERIAL CLOCK
USART1 RX DATA
USART1 TX DATA
I2C BUS CLOCK
I2C BUS DATA
GPIO/PWM0
GPIO/PWM1A
GPIO/AC+
GPIO/AC-

UART_0 RECEIVE
UART_0 TRANSMIT
POWER CONTROL 0
POWER CONTROL 1
POWER CONTROL 2
POWER CONTROL 3
POWER CONTROL 4
POWER CONTROL 5
POWER CONTROL 6

ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO
ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS
ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK
ADC INPUT 3
ADC INPUT 2
ADC INPUT 1
ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR
TEMP SENSOR ENABLE
THRU CONNECT 1
THRU CONNECT 2
THRU CONNECT3
RESET (NEG)
GPIO/PWM1B
DIGITAL SUPPLY
GROUND

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 12

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

3.2.5 ATMega128L

Wireless Sensor Networks

SPI_MISO

SPI_MOSI

0 OHM

R18

BAT_MON

CHP_OUT

THERM_PWR

PW[0..7]

SPI_SCK

PWM0
PWM1A
PWM1B

R20

10K

LED3
LED2
LED1

FLASH_CS
SERIAL_ID

PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
PW7

R21

10K

VCC

51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44

35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

C21

.1uF
C23

.1uF

U7

PA0/AD0
PA1/AD1
PA2/AD2
PA3/AD3
PA4/AD4
PA5/AD5
PA6/AD6
PA7/AD7

PC0/A8
PC1/A9
PC2/A10
PC3/A11
PC4/A12
PC5/A13
PC6/A14
PC7/A15

PB0/SS
PB1/SCK
PB2/MOSI
PB3/MISO
PB4/OC0
PB5/OC1A
PB6/OC1B
PB7/OC1C

PEN

ATMEGA128L

VSNSR

64

62120

AREF

AVCC

XTAL1

24

23

R15

470

C22

.1uF

PD0/I2C_CLK

PD1/I2C_DATA

RST

PD2/RXD1

PD3/TXD1

PD4/IC1

PD5/XCK1

PD6/T1
PD7/T2

PE0/RXD0

PE1/TXD0

PE2/XCK0
PE3/OC3A
PE4/OC3B

PE5/OC3C

PE6/T3

PE7/IC3

PF0/ADC0
PF1/ADC1
PF2/ADC2
PF3/ADC3

PF4/TCK
PF5/TMS
PF6/TDO

PF7/TDI

PG0/WR

PG1/RD

PG2/ALE

XTAL2

PG3/TOSC2

PG4/TOSC1

18

19

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54

33
34
43

R16

10K

INT0
INT1
INT2
INT3

ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3

ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7

VCC

RSTN

I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
PALE
USART1_CLK
PCLK
PDATA

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
AC+
AC-

WR
RD
ALE

INT[0..3]

ADC[0..7]

4
3 2

C36
13pF

Y3

X2
GND GND

32.768KHZ

1

X1

C35
13pF

1

Y2

X1

7.3728MHZ

2

X2

34

X2X1

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.

Title

MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ

Size Document Number Rev

6310-0306-01 A

B

Date: Sheet of

5 6Friday, March 21, 2003

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 13

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

3.2.6 Flash Memory, Serial ID, LEDs, USART

VCC

C24

+

10uF

10V

C25
.01uF

C26
.01uF

C27
.01uF

C28
.01uF

C29
.01uF

Wireless Sensor Networks

C30
.01uF

VCC

RADIO CONTROL

PCLK
PDATA
PALE

RADIO DATA

SPI_SCK
SPI_MOSI
SPI_MISO
CHP_OUT
ADC0
(RSSI)

C31
1000pF

USART1_TXD
USART1_CLK

FLASH_CS

C32
1000pF

VCC

SERIAL_ID

FLASH INTERFACE

FLASH_SI
FLASH_SO
FLASH_CLK
SERIAL_ID

UART INTERFACE

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0

CONTROL INTERFACE

I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA

C33
1000pF

U5

1

SI

SO

2

SCK

3

RST

4 5

CS WP

AT45DB041

U6

2

DQ

DS2401P

VCC

D2

RED

D4

YELLOW

R19

1M

R23

4.7K

12

D3

GREEN

12

R22

1M

R25

470

R26

12

470

R27

470

6 6Friday, March 21, 2003

C34
1000pF

8

USART1_RXD

SENSOR INTERFACE

PW[0..7]
ADC[1..6]

VCC MONITOR

ADC7

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.

Title

MICA2 MPR410CB-433MHZ

Size Document Number Rev

6310-0306-01 A

B

Date: Sheet of

USART1_RXD

UART_TXD0

FLASH_CS

LED1

LED2

LED3

VCC

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 14

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

4 MPR500/MPR510/MPR520 (MICA2DOT)

4.1 Product Summary

The MICA2DOT is a Mote designed for applicat ions where physical size is important. Like the
MICA2, these are available in three models according to the frequency of the RF transceiver: the
MPR500 (915 MHz), MPR510 (433 MHz), and MPR520 (315 MHz) . The Motes use the
Chipcon CC1000 FSK-modulated radio. All models utilize a powerful ATMega128L micro­controller and a frequency tunable radio with extended range. The MPR4 x0 and MPR5x0 radios
are compatible and can communicate with each other as long as the “x” is the same number.

Atmel® ATMega128

(a) Top-side

Chipcon® CC1000

(b) Bottom-side

Figure 4-1. Photos of the MICA2DOT shown next to a US quarter: a) Top-side and b) Bottom-

side. Typically the MICA2DOT has a 3 V coin-cell battery holder attached to the bottom-side,
but it has been removed to show the details.

4.2 On-board Thermistor

The MICA2DOT Mote has an on-board thermistor (Panasonic ERT-J1VR103J) which is a
surface mount component. It is on the ATMega128 side of the board at the location labeled
“RT1.” Its output is at ADC1 and is enabled by setting PW6 (PC6/A14) to “LO” and PW7
(PC7/A15) to “HI.”

The Mote’s ADC output can be converted to degrees kelvin in the 273.15 K to 323.15 K (0°C to
50 °C) range using the Steinhart-Hart equation, which is a widely used third-order
approximation.

)(

KT

=

1

3

)(lnln

++

RcRba

thrthr

where:

ADCR

×

R

=

thr

( )

1

ADCFSADC

−

_

and a, b and c are called the Steinhart-Hart parameters with the following values:

a = 0.00130705

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 15

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

b = 0.000214381
c = 0.000000093
R1 = 10 k?
ADC_FS = 1023
ADC = output value from the Mote’s ADC measurement.

4.3 Block Diagram and Schematics for the MPR500/510/520 MICA2DOT

19 peripheral pins

AntennaAntenna

Logger Flash

ATMega128L

µcontroller
Analog I/O

Digital I/O

Freq.

Tunable

Radio

25 mm

Feature Chapter

Battery / Ext. Power 6

Radio 7

Antenna 8

Data Flash Logger 9

Atmega128 10

Expansion Connector 11

Figure 4-1. Block diagram of the MICA2DOT and listing of Chapters that discuss the
components in greater detail.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 16

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

4.3.1 MICA2DOT CC1000 Radio Side

Wireless Sensor Networks

L3

C10

SPI_SCK

SPI_MISO

AVCC

AVCC

L8

C3

0.033uF

PCLK

PDATA

PALE

R18

82.5K

L2

BEAD-0805

R13
10K

DCLK

C4
.001uF

VCCA

23
24
25
26
27

10
11
13

4.7pF

U3
CC1000

DIO
DCLK
PCLK
PDATA
PALE

L1
L2
R_BIAS

AVCC

PALE

DCLK

R17

27.4K

L4

AVCC

C13

PDATA

1 3Wednesday, March 26, 2003

R35
10K

POT_PWR

ADC0

INT3

R10

1M

R12

1M

VCCA

21

159

15

AVCC

AVCC

AVCC

AVCC

CHP_OUT

Y1

14.7456MHZ

C20
13pF

VCCA

C6
220PF

Title

MICA DOT2 RADIO SIDE

Size Document Number Rev

6310-0300-01 A

B

Date: Sheet of

RF_IN

VCC

RF_OUT

XOSC1
XOSC2

X2X1

RSSI

21

C9
.001uF

3
4
12

28
18

17

C21
13pF

C12

.001uFC17

TP18

L9

C18C16

VCCA

R11

1M

TP17

C19

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 17

DC_BOOST_SHDN

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

4.3.2 MIC2DOT ATMega128L, ADC Interfaces, Battery

VCCA

52

VCC

GND

64

VCC

GND

62120

AREF

AVCC

XTAL1

24

23

R21

R22

470

10K

PD0/INT0

RST

PD1/INT1

PD2/RXD1

PD3/TXD1

PD4/IC1

PD5/XCK1

PE0/RXD0

PE1/TXD0

PE2/XCK0
PE3/OC3A
PE4/OC3B

PE5/OC3C

PE7/IC3

PF0/ADC0
PF1/ADC1
PF2/ADC2
PF3/ADC3

PF4/TCK
PF5/TMS

PF6/TDO

PF7/TDI

PG0/WR

PG1/RD

XTAL2

PG2/ALE

PG3/TOSC2

PG4/TOSC1

ATMEGA128LMLF

18

19

1

C23

.1uF

PD6/T1
PD7/T2

PE6/T3

Y5

X1

32.768KHZ

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54

33
34
43

NCX2

SPI_MOSI

SPI_MISO

FLASH_CLK

I2C1_CLK

I2C1_DATA

FLASH_SO

FLASH_SI

PW[0..7]

SPI_SCK

PWM0
PWM1A
PWM1B

R27

10K

LED3
LED2
LED1

R28
10K

PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
PW7

VCCA

C22

.1uF

VCCA

U6

51

PA0/AD0

50

PA1/AD1

49

PA2/AD2

48

PA3/AD3

47

PA4/AD4

46

PA5/AD5

45

PA6/AD6

44

PA7/AD7

35

PC0/A8

36

PC1/A9

37

PC2/A10

38

PC3/A11

39

PC4/A12

40

PC5/A13

41

PC6/A14

42

PC7/A15

10

PB0/SS

11

PB1/SCK

12

PB2/MOSI

13

PB3/MISO

14

PB4/OC0

15

PB5/OC1A

16

PB6/OC1B

17

PB7/OC1C
PEN

225363

Y4

1
3 4

X1
X2 X2

4.000MHZ

X1

GNDGND

21

GND

6
52

Wireless Sensor Networks

RSTN

INT0
INT1
INT2

SPI_MOSI

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0

SERIAL_ID

ADC0
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3

ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7

32

WR
RD
ALE

INT3
PALE

PCLK
PDATA

AC+
AC-

GPS_ENA
POT_PWR
ADC[0..7]

TP2

TP1

TP13

TP14

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 18

TP4

TP15

TP6

TP5TP3

PWM1B
ADC2
ADC3

ADC4
ADC5
ADC6
ADC7

VCCA

TP19

ADC[0..7]

TP20

TP21

TP8

GPS_ENA

INT1
INT0

TP9

TP10TP7

PW0
PW1

TP11

TP12

UART_RXD0

UART_TXD0

VCCA

1 2

BT1
BATTERY

SPI_SCK
RSTN

PW[0..7]

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

4.3.3 Data Flash Logger/Serial ID, On-board Thermistor, LED

VCCA

R36

10K

PW7
PW6

D5

SD103AW

ADC1

RT1

10.0K

VCCA

C24
10uF

+

10V

C25
.01uF

C26
.01uF

FLASH_SO

UART_TXD0

SERIAL_ID

LED1

SERIAL_ID

RSTN

D2

RED

FLASH_SI
FLASH_CLK

R25
100K

R26

1M

R30

4.7K

12

VCCA

VCCA

R29

1M

VCCA

R31

470

VCCA

U7

67

1

SI

2
3
4 5

SO

SCK

VCCGND

RST
CS WP

AT45DB041

8

FLASH_SO

VCCA

C31
1000pF

C32
1000pF

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 19

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

5 MPR300/MPR310 (MICA)

X NOTE: The MICA Mote has been discontinued by Crossbow since December 2003.

The MICA Mote was the second generation Mote module used in many ground breaking
research and development efforts. The MPR300/310 includes a powerful Atmel ATMega128L. It
used an amplitude shift keying radio —the TR1000—by RF Monolithics, Inc.

5.1 Schematic

Schematics for the MPR300/410 Mote can be found at:

http://today.cs.berkeley.edu/tos/hardware/hardware.html

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 20

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

6 POWER

6.1 Battery Power

All motes are designed for battery power. The MICA2 and MICAz form factor s are designed to
match up with two AA batteries; however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can
be used provided that the output is between 2.7 VDC to 3.6 VDC.

The MPR500 (915 MHz band), MPR510 (433 MHz band), and MPR520 (315 MHz band, Japan
specific) MICA2DOT form factor is designed to match up with a single coin cell battery;
however any battery combination (AAA, C, D, etc., cells) can be used provided that the output is
between 2.7–3.6VDC.

Table 6-1. Batteries for the Mote Platforms.

Mote Hardware

Platform

MICAz AA (2) 2000, Alkaline 3.6 to 2.7
MICA2 AA (2) 2000, Alkaline 3.6 to 2.7

MICA2DOT Coin 560, Li-ion 3.6 to 2. 7

Standard Battery (#

required)

Typical Battery Capacity

(mA-hr)

Practical Operating Voltage

Range (V)

Care should be used in selecting the battery and its capacity to match the energy needs of the
motes and their required operating span. Also make sure that the temperature range and
associated capacity degradation are looked at prior to deployment. Table 6-2 below provides
some useful guidance on current consumption of various system components.

Table 6-2. Current Requirements for the Motes in Various Operation.

Operating Current (mA) MICAz MICA2 MICA2DOT

ATMega128L, full operation 12 (7.37 MHz) 12 (7.37 MHz) 6 (4M Hz)

ATMega128L, sleep 0.010 0.010 0.010

Radio, receive 19.7 7 7

Radio, transmit (1 mW power) 17 10 10

Radio, sleep 0.001 0.001 0.001

Serial flash memory, write 15

Serial flash memory, read 4

Serial flash memory, sleep 0.002

Table 6-3 section below provides some useful guidance on how to predict battery life. The
spreadsheet can be found at http://www.xbow.com under the Support section.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 21

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

urrent (full operation)

urrent sleep

urrent in receive

urrent transmit

urrent sleep

rite

ead

eep

(full operation)

urrent sleep

Processor

Radio

Logger Memory

Sensor Board

hr) used

hr)

250

1000

3000

Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 6-3. Estimate of battery life operation for a Mote.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Currents

Processor

C

C

Radio

C

C

C

Logger Memory

W

R

Sl

Sensor Board

Current

C

Computed mA -hr used each hour

Total current (mA -

Example Duty

8 mA
8

µA

8 mA

12 mA

2

µA

15 mA

4 mA
2

µA

5 mA
5

µA

0.0879

0.0920

0.0020

0.0550

0.2369

Cycle

1

99

0.75

0.25
99

0
0

100

1

99

Computed battery life vs. battery size

Battery Capacity (mA-

1.45

5.78

17.35

Battery Life

(months)

X NOTE: In most Mote applications, the processor and radio run for a brief period of time, followed by a

sleep cycle. During sleep, current consumption is in the micro-amps as opposed to milli-amps. This
results in very low-current draw the majority of the time, and short duration spikes while processing,
receiving, and transmitting data. This method extends battery life; however, due to the current surges, it
reduces specified battery capacity. Battery capacity is typically specified by the manufacturer for a
constant nominal current drawn.

6.2 External Power

The MICA2 and MICAz can be externally powered through either:

1. The 51-pin connector will supply power and ground to the unit. Refer to connector
description.

2. The 2-pin Molex connector. Molex part number 53261-0290, Digi-Key part number
WM1753-ND. (See Figure 6-4 below.)

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 22

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Figure 6-4. Photo of using the Molex connector to attach the AA battery pack. Photo courtesy of

Nick Sitar, UC Berkeley, 2004.

6.3 MICAz Battery Voltage Monitor

The MICAz has an accurate internal voltage reference that can be used to measure battery
voltage (V

). Since the eight-channel ADC on the ATMega128L uses the battery voltage as a

batt

full scale reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In
order to track the battery voltage , the precision voltage reference (band gap reference) is
monitored to determine the ADC full-scale (ADC_FS) voltage span which corresponds to V

batt

.

To compute the battery voltage:

1. Program the application code to measure ADC channel 30 – the Internal Bandgap
Voltage reference.

2. Compute battery voltage, V

refbatt

, from ADC reading (ADC_Count) by:

batt

CountADCFSADCVV

__×=

where:

V

= Battery voltage

batt

ADC_FS = 1024
V

= Internal voltage reference = 1.223 volts

ref

ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Internal Voltage reference

The TinyOS component VoltageM.nc can be wired into an application to provide this
measurement capability. The reserved keyword TOS_ADC_VOLTAGE_PORT is mapped to ADC
Channel 30 in the MICAz.

6.4 MICA2 Battery Voltage Monitor

The MICA2 units have an accurate voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage
(V

). Since the eight-channel, ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full scale

batt

reference, the ADC full scale voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to
calibrate the battery voltage a precision external voltage reference is required. The MICA2 uses
an LM4041 (Mfg: National Semiconductor) 1.223 V reference (V

) attached to ADC channel 7.

ref

X NOTE: ADC channel 7 is also used for JTAG debugging on the Atmega128 processor. MICA2s and

MICA2DOTs ship with the JTAG fuse enabled. When this fuse is enabled the input impedance of channel
7 is lowered which affects the voltage reference measurement. The fuse must be disabled if ADC channel
7 is used. See below for information on setting ATMega128L fuses.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 23

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

To compute the battery voltage:

1. Set the BAT_MON processor pin (PA5/AD5) to HI.

2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 7.

Wireless Sensor Networks

3. Compute battery voltage, V

refbatt

, from Channel 7’s data by:

batt

CountADCFSADCVV

__×=

where:

V

= Battery voltage

batt

ADC_FS = 1024
V

= External voltage reference = 1.223 V

ref

ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 7

6.5 MICA2DOT Battery Voltage Monitor

Unlike the MICAz and the MICA2, the MICA2DOT uses a Schottky reference diode (S103AW)
as a voltage reference that can be used to measure battery voltage (V

). Since the eight-channel,

batt

ATMega128L ADC uses the battery voltage as a full-scale reference, the ADC full scale
(ADC_FS) voltage value changes as the battery voltage changes. In order to calibrate the battery
voltage an external voltage reference (V

) is required.

ref

To compute the battery voltage:

1. Set processor pins PW7 (PC7/A15) to LO and PW6 (PC6/A14) to HI.

2. Program the application code to measure ADC Channel 1 (ADC1).

3. Compute battery voltage, V

refbatt

, from channel 1’s data by:

batt

CountADCFSADCVV

__×=

where:

V

= Battery voltage

batt

ADC_FS = 1024
V

= External voltage reference = 0.6 volts

ref

ADC_Count = Data from the ADC measurement of Channel 1

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 24

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

7 RADIOS

7.1 MICA2 and MICA2DOT

7.1.1 Radio Considerations

The radio on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT is capable of multiple channel operation, within the
intended band of operation. The MPR420/MPR520 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the
315 MHz band, the MPR410/MPR510 can span up to 4 channels of operation in the 433 MHz
band (433.05–434.79 MH z). The MPR400 /MPR500 can operate in two frequency regions: 868–
870 MHz (up to 4 channels) and 902–928 MHz (up to 54 channels). The actual number of
possible channels is higher for all the MICA2/MICA2DOT motes. However, it is recommended
that the adjacent channel spacing should be at least 500 kHz to avoid adjacent channel
interference thereby reducing the number of available channels. A tutorial on how to change
frequency is available at http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/mica2radio/CC1000.html.

7.1.2 Radio Transmission Power

The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT can be adjusted for a range of output power levels. The
register in the radio that controls the RF power level is designated PA_POW at address 0x0B,
and the values and their corresponding RF outputs are provided on Table 7-1 below. It shows the
closest programmable value for output powers in steps of 1 dBm. For power down mode the
Chipcon datasheet says, “the PA_POW should be set to 00h [0x00] for minimum leakage
current.”

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 25

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 7-1. Chipcon® CC1000 Ouput Power (PA_POW) Settings and Typical Current

Consumption. From Smart RF® CC1000 Preliminary Da tasheet (rev. 2.1), 2002-04-19, p. 29 of

48.

Current

Pout (dBm)

-20 0x01 5.3 0x02 8.6

-19 0x01 6.9 0x02 8.8

-18 0x02 7.1 0x03 9.0

-17 0x02 7.1 0x03 9.0

-16 0x02 7.1 0x04 9.1

-15 0x03 7.4 0x05 9.3

-14 0x03 7.4 0x05 9.3

-13 0x03 7.4 0x06 9.5

-12 0x04 7.6 0x07 9.7

-11 0x04 7.6 0x08 9.9

-10 0x05 7.9 0x09 10.1

-9 0x05 7.9 0x0b 10.4

-8 0x06 8.2 0x0c 10.6

-7 0x07 8.4 0x0d 10.8

-6 0x08 8.7 0x0f 11.1

-5 0x09 8.9 0x40 13.8

-4 0x0a 9.4 0x50 14.5

-3 0x0b 9.6 0x50 14.5

-2 0x0c 9.7 0x60 15.1

-1 0x0e 10.2 0x70 15.8
0 0x0f 10.4 0x80 16.8
1 0x40 11.8 0x90 17.2
2 0x50 12.8 0xb0 18.5
3 0x50 12.8 0xc0 19.2
4 0x60 13.8 0xf0 21.3
5 0x70 14.8 0xff 25.4
6 0x80 15.8
7 0x90 16.8
8 0xc0 20.0
9 0xe0 22.1

10 0xff 26.7

PA_POW (hex)

433/315 MHz

Consumption,

typ.

(mA)

PA_POW

(hex)

915 MHz

Current

Consumption,

typ.

(mA)

X NOTE:

In order to comply with "Biyjacku" (Japanese standard), the Radio Transmit power for the MICA2 must
have a PA_POW set to lowest value, 0x01.

The radio on the MICA2/MICA2DOT also provides a measurement of the received signal
strength, referred to as RSSI. This output is measured on ADC channel 0 and is available to the
software. Some versions of TinyOS provide this measurement automatically, and others must be
enabled by the user. The conversion from ADC counts to RSSI in dBm is given by:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 26

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

×=

battRSSI

Wireless Sensor Networks

1024_CountsADCVV

for 433 and 315 MHz Motes

VdBmRSSI

RSSI

VdBmRSSI

RSSI

2.493.51)( −×−=

for 915 MHz Motes

5.450.50)( −×−=

Figure 7-2. Graph showing V

versus the received signal strength indicator (dBm). From the

RSSI

ChipCon’s SmartRF® CC1000 PRELIMINARY Datasheet (rev. 2.1), p. 30. 2002.

Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment
expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna
placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with
FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. An omni directional antenna such as a
quarter wavelength whip should be sufficient to meet most user requirements.

M WARNING: The radio on the MICA2 has an extremely sensitive receiver, which can be interfered with
by an adj acent local oscillator from another MICA2. A distance of at least 2 feet should be maintained
between MICA2 units to avoid local oscillator interference.

7.2 MICAz

7.2.1 Radio RF Channel Selection

The MICAz’s CC2420 radio can be tuned from 2.048 GHz to 3.072 GHz which includes the
global ISM band at 2.4 GHz. IEEE 802.15.4 channels are numbered from 11 (2.405 GHz) to 26
(2.480 GHz) each separated by 5 MHz. The channel can be selected at run-time with the TOS
CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.TunePreset(uint8_t chnl). By default
channel 11 (2480 MHz) is selected.

7.2.2 Radio Transmission Power

RF transmission power is programmable from 0 dBm (1 mW) to –25dBm. Lower transmission
power can be advantageous by reducing interference and dropping radio power consumption
from 17.5 mA at full power to 8.5 mA at lowest power. RF transmit power is controlled using

the TOS CC2420Radio library call CC2420Control.SetRFPower(uint8_t power) where

power is an 8-bit code selected from the following:

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 27

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Power Register (code) MICAz TX RF Power (dBm)

31 0
27 -1
23 -3
19 -5
15 -7
11 -10

7 -15
3 -25

The RF received signal strength indication (RSSI) is read directly from the CC2420 Radio. In
TinyOS the RSSI is automatically returned in the TOSMsg->strength field with every radio
packet received. Typical RSSI values for a given RF input level are shown in Figure 7-1 below.

Figure 7-2. Typical RSSI value versus input RF level in dBm.

7.2.3 Known MICAz and TinyOS Compatibility Issues

1. #define PLA TFORM_MICAZ
In general this #define should be added to various applications/libraries wherever
the text PLATFORM_MICA2 is found.

2. ATMega128L Timer2 Use

Timer2 is used for high resolution (32uSec) timing in the CC2420Radio stack. The

module HPLTimer2.nc located under the tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/ directory
provides the Timer2 resources to AsyncTimerJiffy component for this service.
Applications that use Timer2 will have to be modified to avoid conflicts with its use
for the MICAz platform radio stack.

3. INT2 GPIO Line
MICA I/O signal INT2 (Port E, pin 6 on ATMega128 or 51-pin Hirose connector pin

4) is used internally to the MICAz for the CC2420 Radio Receiver FIFO Ready
interrupt. Use of INT2 for any other purpose must be done with care. Specifically, the
Port configuration (input, active low) must be restored following use in other
software modules.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 28

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

X NOTE: Programmers should be cautioned that the MICAz receiver radio stack
(CC2420RadioM.nc) will be disabled if the INT2 pin is reprogrammed/re-tasked by another TOS
component.

4. MTS300/310 (a.k.a., micasb) Temperature Sensor

• INT2 control line is used on the MTS300/310 (micasb) for enabling the

thermistor. During temperature measurement, interrupts from the MICAz radio
receiver are inhibited. MICAz radio received packets are buffered in the CC2420
RX FIFO. If the MTS300/310’s thermistor is enabled for too long the receiver
buffer may overflow. During temperature measurements dropout in data reading.
This is due to receipt of a radio packet which will strobe the INT2 and thus affect
the thermistor voltage. Following temperature measurement, the MTS300/310
driver must restore the INT2 port to configuration used for handling interrupts
from the CC2420 radio. Symptom of not restoring the INT2 port correctly is all
that radio reception stops.

• A Temporary Fix the Temperature Sensor Issue:

o INT2 Control

A modified PhotoTempM.nc module is provided in tinyos-

1.x/tos/platform/micaz/. This module restores INT2 port following each
measurement.

o Temperature data drop out

Software can be added to exclude/reject a temperature reading differentials
that exceed what is physically possible from one sample to the next.

o Hardware can be modified to buffer/overdrive CC2420 Radio’s packet

received flag during temperature measurements. The following two changes
are suggested.

a. MTS300/310 Sensor Board Module: Remove capacitor C1 (located near

RT1 thermistor)

b. MICAz Module: Change resistor at location R31 to 10 kΩ.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 29

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

8 ANTENNAS

8.1 Radio/Antenna Considerations

Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment
expected. Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna
placement within the environment. In addition, care must be taken to ensure compliance with
FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators. Because of its small physical size, the usual
antenna chosen is a length of insulated wire one -quarter wavelength long for the frequency of
interest. This type of antenna is often called a monopole antenna, and its gain is ground plane
dependent.

Antenna lengths for the different radio frequencies are provided in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1. Antenna lengths for quarter wavelength whip antennas. The part number’s for the
connectorized antennas are listed.

Name Model

MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR400 (916 MHz) 3.2 8060-0011-01
MICA2/MICA2DOT

MICA2/MICA2DOT MPR420 (315 MHz ) 9.4 8060-0011-03

MICAZ MPR2400 (2400 MHz)

MPR410 (433 MHz) 6.8

Whip Antenna Length

(inches)

1.2 8060-0011-04

Crossbow Part

No.

8060-0011-02

8.2 Connectors for the MICA2 and MICA z and Whip Antennas

The MICA2 and MICAz have an MMCX connector for attaching an external antenna. These
mating connectors can be purchased from Digi-Key. There are two manufacturers—Johnson
Components and Hirose Electric Ltd. The mating connectors come in straight and right angle.
They also support two different standard varieties of Coaxial cable —RG178 /U and RG 316/U.
There are also other vendors who sell MMCX to SMA conversion cables.

Table 8-2. Johnson Components’ MMCX mating connectors*

Type Coax Digi-Key PN Johnson PN

Straight Plug RG178/U J589-ND 135-3402-001
Straight Plug RG316/U J590-ND 135-3403-001
Right Angle RG178/U J593-ND 135-3402-101
Right Angle RG316/U J594-ND 135-3403-101
Right Angle RG 316 DS J595-ND 135-3404-101

*

These connectors require the following hand crimp and die set (Digi-Key part # / Johnson part #):

a) Hand crimp (J572-ND / 140-0000-952), b) Die (JD604-ND / 140-0000-953).

Table 8-3. Hirose MMCX connectors.

Type Coax Digi-Key PN Hirose PN

Straight Plug RG178/U H3224-ND MMCX-J-178B/U

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 30

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Right Angle RG178/U H3221-ND MMCX-LP-178B/U
Right Angle RG316/U H3222-ND MMCX-LP-316/U

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 31

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

9 FLASH DATA LOGGER AND SERIAL ID CHIP

All Motes feature a 4-Mbit serial flash (Atmel AT45DB041) for storing data, measurements, and
other user-defined information. It is connected to one of the USART on the ATMega128L. This
chip is supported in TinyOS which uses this chip as micro file system. The serial flash device
supports over 100,000 measurement readings. This chip is also used for over-the-air
reprogramming services available in TinyOS.

Also on the MICA2 is a 64-bit serial ID chip.

X NOTE: This device consumes 15 mA of current when writing data.

VCC

USART1_TXD

USART1_TXD

USART_CLK

USART_CLK

FLASH_CS

FLASH_CS

VCC

1

1

SI

SO

SI

SO

2

2

SCK

SCK

3

3

RST

RST

4

4

CS

CS

WP

WP

Atmega AT45DB041

Atmega AT45DB041

USART1_RXD

USART1_RXD

8

8

5

5

x

x

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 32

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

10 ATMEGA128 FUSES

The ATMega128L processor on the Motes has many programmable fuses to control various
parameters. Refer to Atmel’s technical information for the ATMega128L for a complete
discussion of the fuses (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/2467s.pdf). There
are two fuses that TinyOS users should be aware of as setting these fuses incorrectly will cause
the unit to not operate correctly.

10.1.1 Atmega103 compatibility mode fuse

This fuse put the ATMega128 in the ATMega103 compatible mode. This fuse was set for the
older generation MICA units. It must be disabled for MICA2 and MICA2DOTs.

10.1.2 JTAG fuse

This fuse enables users to use the Atmel JTAG pod for in-circuit code debugging. Units are
shipped with JTAG enabled. As discussed in the previous section on battery voltage monitoring,
if JTAG is enabled, it will cause inaccurate measurements on ADC channel 7.

10.1.3 Using UISP to set fuses

The UISP utility used to download code to the MICAz, MICA2, or MICA2DOT on a
programming board can also be used to set and unset fuses of the Atmel® ATMega128.

Table 10-1. UISP Commands for Setting the ATMega128’s Fuses.

Action Command

Disable JTAG fuse uisp -dprog=<programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9
Enable JTAG fuse uisp -dprog= <programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0x19
Enable native 128 mode

<programmer> is the device you are using to interface to the Mote from a computer. The current options
are dapa (for an MIB500), mib510 for a MIB510; and EPRB for a MIB600.

uisp -dprog= <programmer> --wr_fuse_e=ff

Users can also edit the file called profile in the cygwin/etc/ directory and enter an alias. One
example is this alias to disable the JTAG fuse:

alias fuse_dis="uisp -dprog= <programmer> --wr_fuse_h=0xD9"

Therefore, when fuse_dis and is entered into a Cygwin command line, the script will be
executed.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 33

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

11 SENSOR BOARDS & EXPANSION CONNECTORS

Crossbow supplies a variety of sensor and data acquisition boards for the Motes. This Chapter
describes the connectors and the functions of the pins for the MICAz, MICA2, MICA, and
MICA2DOT.

Information for customized sensor board design is available on the Crossbow web site.

11.1 Sensor Board Compatibility

Table 11-1. Sensor board compatibility.

Mote Platform Mote Interface Connector Hardware Compatibility with: Section

MICA2
MICAz
MICA2DOT

11.2 MICAz and MICA2 Expansion Connector

Connection to the MICAz and MICA2 Motes is by a 51-pin connector (see Figure 11-1 below).

Use 51 pin connector MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards 11.2
Use 51 pin connector MICAz, MICA2 sensor boards 11.2
Use circular, 19 pin connector MICA2DOT sensor boards 11.3

Figure 11-1. Hirose DF-51P-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no. H2175-ND—on left is used on the
MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes boards. The Hirose DF9-51S-1V(54)—Digi-Key part no.
H2163-ND—on right is the corresponding connector used on the MIB Interface Boards and
Stargate Gateways.

The expansion connector provides a user interface for sensor boards and base stations. The
connector includes interfaces for power and ground, power control of peripheral sensors, ADC
inputs for reading sensor outputs, UART interface s, and I2C interface, general-purpose digital
IO, and others.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 34

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

11.2.1 MICAz and MICA2 Sensor Interface.

Table 11-2. MICAz Sensor Interface .

Pin Name Description Pin Name Description

1 GND Ground
2 VSNR Sensor Supply
3 INT3 GPIO 29 PWO GPIO/PWM
4 INT2 GPIO 30 PW1 GPIO/PWM
5 INT1 GPIO 31 PW2 GPIO/PWM
6 INT0 GPIO 32 PW3 GPIO/PWM
7……

CC_CCA Radio Signal 33 PW4 GPIO/PWM

8…

LED3 Green LED 34 PW5 GPIO/PWM

9…

LED2 Yellow LED 35 PW6 GPIO/PWM

10…

LED1 Red LED
11 RD GPIO
12 WR GPIO
13 ALE GPIO
14 PW7 GPIO 40 ADC3 GPIO/ADC CH3
15 USART1_CLK USART1 Clock 41 ADC2 GPIO/ADC CH2

16……

PROG_MOSI Serial Program MOSI 42 ADC1 GPIO/ADC CH1
17……

PROG_MISO Serial Program MISO 43 ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0
18……

SPI_CLK SPI Serial Clock 44 THERM_PWR Temp Sensor Enable
19 USART1_RXD USART1 Receive 45 THRU1 Thru Connect 1
20 USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit 46 THRU2 Thru Connect 2
21 I2C_CLK I2C Bus Clock 47 THRU3 Thru Connect 3
22 I2C_DATA I2C Bus Data
23 PWM0 GPIO/PWM0 49 PWM1B GPIO/PWM1B
24 PWMIA GPIO/PWM1A 50 VCC Digital Supply
25 AC+ GPIO/AC+ 51 GND Ground
26 AC- GPIO/AC-

(…OK to use but has shared functionality . ……Do not use)

27…
28…

36…
37…
38…
39…

48……

Wireless Sensor Networks

UART_RXDO UART_0 Receive
UART_TXDO UART_0 Transmit

ADC7 ADC CH7, JTAG TDI
ADC6 ADC CH6, JTAG TDO
ADC5 ADC CH5, JTAG
ADC4 ADC CH4, JTAG

RSTN Reset (Neg.)

Table 11-3. MICA2 Sensor Interface.

Pin Name Description Pin Name Description

1 GND Ground
2 VSNR Voltage (battery
3 INT3 GPIO 29 PWO GPIO/PWM
4 INT2 GPIO 30 PW1 GPIO/PWM
5 INT1 GPIO 31 PW2 GPIO/PWM
6 INT0 GPIO 32 PW3 GPIO/PWM
7…

BAT_MON Battery Voltage Monitor 33 PW4 GPIO/PWM

8…

LED3 Green LED 34 PW5 GPIO/PWM

9…

LED2 Yellow LED 35 PW6 GPIO/PWM

10…

LED1 Red LED
11 RD GPIO
12 WR GPIO
13 ALE GPIO
14 PW7 GPIO 40 ADC3 GPIO/ADC CH3
15 USART_CLK USART Clock 41 ADC2 GPIO/ADC CH2

16……

PROG_MOSI Programmer Pin 42 ADC1 GPIO/ADC CH1
17……

PROG_MISO Programmer Pin 43 ADC0 GPIO/ADC CH0
18……

SPI_CLK Radio Clock 44 THERM_PWR GPIO
19 USART1_RXD USART1 Receive 45 THRU1 Thru User Connect
20 USART1_TXD USART1 Transmit 46 THRU2 Thru User Connect
21 I2C_CLK I2C Bus Clock 47 THRU3 Thru User Connect
22 I2C_DATA I2C Bus Data
23 PWMIO GPIO 49 PWM1B GPIO
24 PWMIA GPIO 50 VCC Voltage (battery)
25 AC+ GPIO 51 GND Ground
26 AC- GPIO

(…OK to use but has shared functionality . ……Do not use)

27…
28…

36…
37…
38…
39…

48……

UART_RXDO UART Receive
UART_TXDO UART Transmit

ADC7 GPIO/ADC CH7, JTAG
ADC6 GPIO/ADC CH6, JTAG
ADC5 GPIO/ACD CH5, JTAG
ADC4 GPIO/ADC CH4, JTAG

RSTN Micro Processor Reset

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 35

y

x

Loc. 1

Loc. 19

Loc. 2

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

11.3 MICA2DOT Expansion Connector

The interface to the MPR500 is through a series of 19 pins Elpacko spaced around the
circumference of the MPR5 x0 Mote. (They represent a subset of the pins available on the
MPR5x0.) They include a set of power control pins, ADC channels, power, ground, some
general purpose digital IO, and the serial programming port. For applications with more digital
IO, the ADC pins can be reconfigured as digital input/output but not both.

M WARNING : The TP12 (SPI_CK) pin is controlled by the Radio. In the majority of applications it

should not be used. It is also used for programming the processor.

Loc.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

x y Pin Name Description

-0.290 0.315

-0.370 0.230

-0.420 0.120

-0.430 0.000

-0.420 -0.120

-0.335 -0.275

-0.225 -0.375

-0.120 -0.420

0.000 -0.430

0.120 -0.420

0.225 -0.375

0.335 -0.275

0.420 -0.120

0.420 0.120

0.370 0.230

0.290 0.315

0.100 0.420

0.000 0.430

-0.100 0.420

TP1 GND Ground
TP2 ADC7 ADC Channel 7
TP3 ADC6 ADC Channel 6
TP4 ADC5 ADC Channel 5
TP5 ADC4 ADC Channel 4
TP6 VCC Voltage (battery)
TP7 PW1 GPIO/PWM
TP8 PW0 GPIO/PWM
TP9 UART_TXD UART Transmit
TP10 UART_RXD UART Receive
TP11 RESETN
TP12 SPI_CLK Radio Clock
TP13 ADC3 ADC Channel 3
TP14 ADC2 ADC Channel 2
TP15 PWM1B GPIO
TP18 GND Ground
TP19 INT0 GPIO
TP20 INT1 GPIO
TP21 THERM_PWR GPIO

µProcessor Reset

Figure 0-1. MICA2DOT pin locations and sensor interface description. The locations of the pins
are taken relative to the geometric center of the board. The board has a diameter of 0.988
inches. Note the “TP” under the “Pin” column means “test point.”

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 36

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

12 MIB300 / MIB500 INTERFACE BOARDS

X NOTE: The MIB300 and MIB500 have been discontinued by Crossbow. The MIB500 has been

replaced by the MIB510.

M WARNING : When programming a MICA2 with the MIB500, turn off the battery switch. For a

MICA2DOT, rem ove the battery before inserting into the MIB500. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not
have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power.

12.1 Programming the Mote

The MIB300/MIB500 interface boards are multi-purpose interface boards used in conjunction
with the MICA Family of products. They supply power to the devices through an external power
adapter option, and provide interfaces for an RS232 serial port and reprogramming port (using
the parallel printer interface). The MIB300 can only be used with an external 3 VDC supply, or it
can take advantage of the battery power supplied from the mote.

The MIB500 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supplies a regulated 3
VDC to the MICA The MIB500 is delivered with a wall power supply. It also has monitor LEDs
that mirror the LEDs on the MICA.

There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage
is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists—the Green LED adjacent the
parallel port is lit —D6. If the voltage goes below 2.95V, the Green LED D6 will turn off,
programming is disabled.

The MIB500 also has an interface connector for reprogramming the MICA2DOT. Programming
the mote is accomplished by connecting the MIB300/MIB500 to the parallel port of the
computer, and executing the required programming software—UISP—supplied with the TinyOS
install.

X NOTE: There have been numerous reported difficulties with programming motes through the

MIB500CA. These include program failure, flas h verification errors, and dead Motes. The root cause of
these problems is almost always one of two issues: 1) low programming voltage or 2) UISP problems on
the Host PC. A detailed application note is posted at http://www.xbow.com under Support. Please review
this application note, if you have trouble programming. Programming the Motes improperly or with a bad
UISP install can result in permanent damage to the Mote CPU.

12.2 RS-232 Interface

The RS -232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector
to interface to an external computer. It uses transmit and receive lines only.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 37

.

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

13 MIB510 SERIAL INTERFACE BOARDS

X NOTE : The MIB510 will only work with ATMega128 processors used on the MICA2 and MICA2DOT.

It will work for older Mica units that have the ATMega128 processor but not earlier processors such as the
ATMega103.

13.1 Product Summary

The MIB510 interface board is a multi-purpose interface board used with the MICAz, MICA2,
MICA, and MICA2DOT family of products. The board is supplied with all MOTE-KITs. It
supplies power to the devices through an external power adapter option, and provides an
interface for a RS -232 Mote serial port and reprogramming port.

X NOTE: Enable/Disable

Mote TX switch (“SW2”)
This should normally be
in the “OFF” position.

Reset Switch (SW1)

AC Wall-Power

Connector

RS-232 Serial Port

(DB9 female)

ISP LED (red)

Power OK LED

(green)

MICAx-series

connector

MICA2DOT connector on

bottom side

Fig 6.1 Photo of top view of an MIB510CA .

Mote JTAG connector

13.2 ISP

The MIB510 has an on-board in -system processor (ISP)—an Atmega16L located at U14—to
program the Motes. Code is downloaded to the ISP through the RS -232 serial port. Next the ISP
programs the code into the mote. The ISP and Mote share the same serial port. The ISP runs at a
fixed baud rate of 115.2 kbaud. The ISP continually monitors incoming serial packets for a
special multi-byte pattern. Once this pattern is detected it disables the Mote’s serial RX and TX,
then takes control of the serial port.

M WARNING : Some USB to DB9 serial port adapters cannot run at 115 kbaud.
The ISP processor is connected to two LEDs, a green LED labeled “SP PWR” (at D3 ) and a red

LED labeled “ISP” (at D5). SP PWR is used to indicate the power state of the MIB510 (see
below). If the ISP LED is on, the MIB510 has control of the serial port. It will also blink once
when the RESET (SW1) button is pushed and released.

13.3 Mote Programming Using the MIB510

Programming the Motes requires having TinyOS installed in your host PC. Instructions for
installing TinyOS can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started Guide or on-line at

http://www.tinyos.net/download.html. The commands for downloading build (compiled) code

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 38

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

depend on the Mote platform you are programming. Instructions can also be found in the Getting
Started Guide.

M WARNING: Under Cygwin the ISP may not get control of the serial port if the Mote is continually

sending packets over the serial TX line at a high rate. If this happens , the UISP will hang. This can be
fixed by:

1. Type Ctrl C in the Cygwin window and try again.

2. Turn SW2 to the “ON” position. This turns on a circuit to disable the Mote’s TX line. Be sure to set
SW2 to ‘OFF’ after programming the mote if you are using the Mote as a base station (e.g., a
MICAz or MICA2 Mote progr ammed with Surge_Reliable as node “0” or with TOSBase).

13.4 Interfaces to MICAz, MICA2, and MICA2DOT

The MIB510 has connectors for both the MICA2 and MICA2DOT. See the picture below. For
the MICA2 there is another connector on the bottom side of the MIB510 for sensor boards.
MICA2DOTs with battery connectors can be mounted, also, to the bottom side of the board.

13.4.1 Reset

The “RST MOTE” push button switch resets both the ISP and Mote processors. RST resets the
ISP; after the ISP powers-up it resets the Mote’s processor.

13.4.2 JTAG

The MIB510 has a connector, J3 (“MOTE JTAG”) which connects to an Atmel JTAG pod for
in -circuit debugging. This connector will supply power to the JTAG pod; no external power
supply is required for the pod.

M WARNING : The MIB510 also has JTAG and ISP connectors for the ISP processor. These are for

factory use only.

13.4.3 Power

The MIB510 has an on-board regulator that will accept 5 to 7 VDC, and supply a regulated 3
VDC to the MICAz, MICA2, and MICA Motes. The MIB510 is delivered with a wall power
supply.

M WARNING : Applying more than 7 VDC will damage the on-board linear regulator.

There is a built-in low voltage monitor that disables reprogramming if the power supply voltage
is dangerously low. When the proper programming voltage exists the “ISP PWR” LED is on. If
the voltage goes below 2.9 V, the green “ISP PWR” LED will blink and disable the Mote from
any code downloads. If the voltage is too low to power the ISP then the “ISP PWR” LED will be
off.

M WARNING: When programming a MICA2 with the MIB510, turn off the battery switch. For a

MICA2DOT, remove the battery before inserting into the MIB510. The MICA2s and MICA2DOTs do not
have switching diodes to switch between external and battery power.

13.4.4 RS-232 Interface

The RS -232 interface is a standard single channel bi-directional interface with a DB9 connector
to interface to an external computer. It uses the transmit and receive lines only.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 39

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

13.4.5 Schematics

INT[0..3]

BAT_MON

LED3
LED2
LED1

RD

WR

ALE

USART1_CLK

PROG_MOSI

PROG_MISO

SPI_SCK

USART1_RXD

USART1_TXD

I2C_CLK

I2C_DATA

PWM0

PWM1A

AC+

AC-

VSNSR

PW7

INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0

J2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16

HIROSE PLUG

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

DF9-51P-1V(54)

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

UART_RXD0

UART_TXD0

PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5

PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2

ADC1
ADC0

THRU1

THRU2

THRU3

VCC

THERM_PWR

RSTN
PWM1B

Wireless Sensor Networks

PW[0..7]

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0

ADC[0..7]

M1

1

1

MTG128

M2

1

1

MTG128

PW[0..7]

INT[0..3]

BAT_MON

LED3
LED2
LED1

RD

WR

ALE

USART1_CLK

PROG_MOSI

PROG_MISO

SPI_SCK

USART1_RXD

USART1_TXD

I2C_CLK

I2C_DATA

PWM0

PWM1A

AC+

VSNSR

AC-

PW7

INT2
INT1
INT0

J1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

HIROSE SOCKET

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

DF9B-51S-1V

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

UART_RXD0

UART_TXD0

PW0INT3
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5

PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2

ADC1
ADC0

THRU1

THRU2

THRU3

VCC

THERM_PWR

RSTN
PWM1B

ADC[0..7]

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 40

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

PIN NAME

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

GND
VSNSR
INT3
INT2
INT1
INT0
BAT_MON
LED3
LED2
LED1
RD
WR
ALE
PW7
USART1_CLK
PROG_MOSI
PROG_MISO
SPI_SCK
USART1_RXD
USART1_TXD
I2C_CLK
I2C_DATA
PWM0
PWM1A
AC+
AC-

NAME

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
PW0
PW1
PW2
PW3
PW4
PW5
PW6
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
THERM_PWR
THRU1
THRU2
THRU3
RSTN
PWM1B
VCC
GND

DESCRIPTION

GROUND
SENSOR SUPPLY
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
BATTERY VOLTAGE MONITOR ENABLE
LED3
LED2
LED1
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
POWER CONTROL 7
USART1 CLOCK
SERIAL PROGRAM MOSI
SERIAL PROGRAM MISO
SPI SERIAL CLOCK
USART1 RX DATA
USART1 TX DATA
I2C BUS CLOCK
I2C BUS DATA
GPIO/PWM0
GPIO/PWM1A
GPIO/AC+
GPIO/AC-

DESCRIPTIONPIN

UART_0 RECEIVE
UART_0 TRANSMIT
POWER CONTROL 0
POWER CONTROL 1
POWER CONTROL 2
POWER CONTROL 3
POWER CONTROL 4
POWER CONTROL 5
POWER CONTROL 6
ADC INPUT 7 - BATTERY MONITOR/JTAG TDI
ADC INPUT 6 / JTAG TDO
ADC INPUT 5 / JTAG TMS
ADC INPUT 4 / JTAG TCK
ADC INPUT 3
ADC INPUT 2
ADC INPUT 1
ADC INPUT 0 / RSSI MONITOR
TEMP SENSOR ENABLE
THRU CONNECT 1
THRU CONNECT 2
THRU CONNECT3
RESET (NEG)
GPIO/PWM1B
DIGITAL SUPPLY
GROUND

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 41

M6

C1

J6

M3

01AMIB500CA MICA PROG BOARD

Rev

of

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

13.4.6 RS-232, MICA2DOT, and Ext. Power Interface.

J4

13
25

DB9-F-RA

TCK
TDO
TMS

TDI

5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1

ADC4
ADC6
ADC5

ADC7

TP5

TP6

J3

1 2

HDR2X5

3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10

J7

PIN

OUTER

PJ-014D

RS232_RX
RS232_TX

VCC

1
3
2

RSTN

DB25-M-RA

TP7

12
24
11
23
10
22
9
21
8
20
7
19
6
18
5
17
4
16
3
15
2
14
1

.1uF

50V

MTG128

M5

MTG128

U1

3

VIN

1

ADJ

LMS8117-3.3

LPT1_MISO

LPT1_RST

LPT1_MOSI
LPT1_SCK

1

1

1

1

VOUT

GND

D1

B2100

M4

MTG128

MTG128

2
4

J5

DOT2

1

1

1

1

VCC

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

+C210uF

35V

VCC

1
2

ADC7
ADC6

3

ADC5

4

ADC4

5

ADC3

6
7

ADC2

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

TP9

TP8

ADC[0..7]

UART_RXD0
UART_TXD0
THERM_PWR
PWM1B
RSTN

INT0
INT1
SPI_SCK
PW0
PW1

Wireless Sensor Networks

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY. INC.

Title

Size Document Number

6310-0304-

B

Date:

Sheet

2 3Wednesday, March 26, 2003

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 42

Ext 5V

/ POE

Power

MIB600 &

Mote Reset

External 5V

DC Power

J12: M

ote

JTAG

port

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

14 MIB600CA

14.1 Introduction

The MIB600CA provides Ethernet (10/100 Base-T) connectivity to MICA2 family Motes for
communication and in-system programming. Its two standard configurations are a) an Ethernet
Gateway for a Mote network and b) a Mote network programming and out -band diagnostic
channel.

The MIB600CA device contains, on a 4.5” × 2.25” platform a

q MICA2 mote 54-pin connector (J1),
q Mote target JTAG port (J12),
q TCP/IP serial server,
q In -system programmer compatible with UISP STK500,
q On-board power regulation and monitor, and a
q Power Over Ethernet (POE) power supply

Select

Figure 14-1. Photo of top side of an MIB600CA.

14.1.1 Mote Network – Ethernet Gateway

A MICAz or MICA2 Mote running TOSBase or GenericBase is permanently installed on the
MIB600. This forms a Mote RF to Ethernet bridge.

14.1.2 Mote Network Programming and Out-Band Diagnostic Channel

The MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 for UISP programming from LAN
connected host computers. Out band (non-RF) diagnostics can be forwarded from the Mote via
its UART port over the LAN to host monitor/control computers.

14.2 Setup / Installation

This section describes MIB600 installation and configuration for use in a TinyOS v1.1
environment.

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Wireless Sensor Networks

14.2.1 Physical

For other than temporary installations, the MIB600 should be installed in a ground isolated
enclosure.

14.2.2 MICA Mote Connection

MICAz and MICA2 Motes connect to the MIB600 directly via the standard mote 51-pin
HIROSE connector at J1. Two mounting holes are provided for securing the MICA2 Mote when
installed at J1. It is recommended that these mounting points be used for longer term installations
to ensure a reliable mechanical and electrical connection to the MIB600.

14.2.3 Power

Two power supply sources are available with the MIB600

q External 5VDC from AC wall-power adaptor
q Power Over Ethernet

External 5VDC Power Supply

q Connect the external 5VDC power supply to an AC 110-240V power source.
q Place the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position
q Connect the DC plug to J7 of the MIB600

X NOTE : Turn-on the MIB by placing the SW2 in the 5V position. Turn-off by placing the SW2 in the POE

position.

Power Over Ethernet / IEEE802.3af (POE).

M WARNING! The Mote “ground” is at POE potential (-48 V). Do not connect MIB600 to facility/building

ground when using POE.

An IEEE 802.3af compliant power supply is provided for POE equipped facilities. Ethernet
appliance power (-48 V) is supplied at pins 4/5 and 7/8 of the 10/100 Base-T RJ45 plug. Refer to
Appendix A for Base-T wiring information.

The MIB600 POE circuit contains IEEE 802.13f compliant power sequencing and classification
circuitry. Reversed and over-voltage protection is provided.

X NOTE : The MIB600 only supports POE over the “spare wires” 4/5 and 7/ 8. It does not support POE

shared on the Base-T signaling lines.

q Connect the MIB600 to a POE-equipped LAN port.
q Turn-On the MIB600 by placing the MIB600 SW2 in the POE position
q Turn-Off by placing SW2 in 5V position (with External 5VDC supply

disconnected)

14.2.4 MIB600–LAN Connection

The MIB600 Serial Server connects directly to a 10 Base-T LAN as any other network device.
Straight cables are used to connect to a hub or switch. If your connection is an MIB600 to PC
you must use a crossed cable. Refer to Appendix A for LAN wiring information.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 44

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 14-2. Pin Outs for a LAN Connection

Pin No. Strand Color Name

1 white and orange TX+
2 orange TX ­3 white and green RX+
4 blue 0V POE
5 White and blue 0V POE
6 green RX­7 Brown and white -48V POE
8 Brown -48V POE

14.3 Host Software

14.3.1 UISP

UISP version 20030820tinyos or newer is required. This version is included in the TinyOS 1.1.0
September 2003 release package. Verify your system is using a compatible UISP version by
entering uisp -–version in a Cygwin window (see the example below in Figure 14-3).

Figure 14-3. Screen shot of the output after typing in uisp --version.

14.4 MIB600 Use

14.4.1 Controls and Indicators

Power. MIB600 power (and power to attached mote) is controlled by the switch labeled
“SW2.”

M WARNING! Always turn-off the MIB600’s power before installing/removing a mote.

Table 14-5. SW2 Switch Settings.

Position

5V External 5V DC power supply selected

POE Power Over Ethernet supply selected

Function

When valid power is detected, the green LED at D5 is ON.

LAN Activity Indicators (RJ45). Green indicates a network connection is present. Yellow

indicates Active ISP serial port traffic is present.
RESET. Pressing the RESET pushbutton (SW1) causes the MIB600 and any

installed/attached MOTE to reset. Note the Serial Server is NOT reset.

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MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Serial Server RESET. Pressing the S1 switch on the server sub-module (U15) manually
resets the Ethernet serial server.

XNOTE The MIB600 and attached Mote are not reset. The serial server can also be reset via Telnet at

Port 9999.

ISP LED. During in -system programming of a Mote the ISP LED (D3) is ON.
Mote LEDs. Three LEDs (red, green, yellow) correspond to the attached Mote’s

indicators.

14.4.2 Mote UART (Serial Port)

The Mote’s serial port can be accessed via Telnet using Port# 10002.
Factory default serial rate on the Serial Server is 57.6 kbaud for compatibility with the standard

TinyOS v1.1 release of TOSBase & GenericBase.
If other baud rates or communication parameters are used in your Mote application, the serial

server configuration must be changed.

14.4.3 In-System Programming

The MIB600 ISP micro-controller is attached to Port#10002. UISP assumes this port assignment
by default. Programming using MIB600 requires assigning an IP address to the device first
followed by commands via Cygwin. Instructions can be found in Crossbow’s Getting Started
Guide.

14.5 JTAG

JTAG connection to the attached MICAz/MICA2 Mote is via J12. Note PIN1 orientation (square
pad) is indicated by the J12 legend. Power for the JTAG pod is provided by the MIB600 at J12
pin 4. Please use the tables in this section as references when using the JTAG connection. Table
14-6 has information about the controls, indicators, and connector summary; Table 14-7 has
information on the JT12 Mote JTAG pins.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 46

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 14-6. Controls, Indicators, and Connector Summary.

ID NAME DESCRIPTION

CONTROLS

SW1
SW2
5V Selects External 5VDC power source at J7

POE Selects Power Over Ethernet provided at RJ45/J10

J1 MOTE I/O 51 Standard 51 Position MICAx-series Mote interface
J7

J9 JTAG-ISP JTAG connection to MIB600 ISP Controller. For Factory Test only
J10 RJ45 / LAN Ethernet 10Base-T connection (w/ IEEE 802.3af option)

J11 MOTE Umbilical

J12 JTAG-MOTE
COM1 Factory use only. Do not use

D2 MOTE-YELLOW Corresponds to attached Mote’s Yellow LED
D4 MOTE-RED Corresponds to attached Mote’s Red LED
D7 MOTE-GREEN Corresponds to attached Mote’s Green LED

D3 ISP Active Indicates MIB600 in PROGRAMMING mode – RED
D5 Power OK Indicated MIB600 input power is OK

RESET MIB600 Manual RESET pushbutton. Resets MIB600 ISP controller and attached MOTE.
POWER

SELECT

Serial Server
Reset

External 5VDC
Input

Reset Serial Server. Located on Server sub module U15

CONNECTORS

Connects to external 5VDC +/-20% power supply

Umbilical connection to Mote Adapter PCB. Used for connection to MICA2 and
MICA2DOT motes.

JTAG connection to attached MICA2/MICA2DOT Mote. Provides JTAG connectivity
between external JTAG pod and Mote.

INDICATORS

Table 14-7. J12 Mote JTAG

PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

1 TCK/ADC4 MICA2(DOT) JTAG Clock
2 GND Ground
3 TDO MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data Out
4 VCC 3.3V Power
5 TMS MICA2 (DOT) JTAG Sync
6 RSTN MICA2 (DOT) Reset
7 VCC 3.3V Power to JTAG Pod
8 N/C Not connected
9 TDI MICA2(DOT) JTAG Data In

10 GND Ground

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 47

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

15 APPENDIX A: 10/100 BASE-T CABLING

Wireless Sensor Networks

Category 5(e) (UTP) color coding table

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 48

MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

16 WARRANTY AND SUPPORT INFORMATION

16.1 Customer Service

As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services, which
include:

q Single-point return service
q Web-based support service
q Same day troubleshooting assistance
q Worldwide Crossbow representation
q Onsite and factory training available
q Preventative maintenance and repair programs
q Installation assistance available

16.2 Contact Directory

q United States: Phone: [phone] (8 AM to 5 PM PST)
q Fax: [phone] (24 hours)

q Email: [e-mail]
q FAQ Site: www.xbow.com > Support>Technical Support (FAQ Site)
q Non-U.S.: Refer to website www.xbow.com and/or the FAQ site above.

16.3 Return Procedure

16.3.1 Return Policy

Customer may return unwanted product within thirty (30) days of De livery Date. Customer shall
pay a twenty percent (20%) restocking charge on any unwanted products returned to Crossbow.
No returns will be accepted after the thirty (30) day period has expired. Where special
equipment or services are involved, Customer shall be responsible for all related work in
progress; however, Crossbow shall take responsible steps to mitigate damages immediately upon
receipt of a written cancellation notice from Customer. An RMA number must be obtained from
Crossbow for any return of p roduct. Crossbow may terminate any order if any representations
made by Customer to Crossbow are false or misleading.

16.3.2 Authorization

Before returning any equipment, please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material
Authorization number (RMA).

Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA:

q Name
q Address
q Telephone, Fax, Email
q Equipment Model Number
q Equipment Serial Number
q Installation Date
q Failure Date
q Fault Description

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MPR/MIB User’s Manual

Wireless Sensor Networks

16.3.3 Identification and Protection

If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair, please attach a tag TO THE
EQUIPMENT, as well as the shipping container(s), identifying the owner. Also indicate the
service or repair required, the problems encountered, and other information considered valuable
to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number.

Place the equipment in the original shipping container(s), making sure there is adequate packing
around all sides of the equipment. If the original shipping containers were discarded, use heavy
boxes with adequate padding and protection.

16.3.4 Sealing the Container

Seal the shipping container(s) with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight
of the equipment and the container.

16.3.5 Marking

Please write the words, “FRAGILE, DELICATE INSTRUMENT” in several places on the
outside of the shipping container(s). In all correspondence, please refer to the equipment by the
model number, the serial number, and the RMA number.

16.3.6 Return Shipping Address

Use the following address for all returned products:

Crossbow Technology, Inc.
41 Daggett Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
Attn: RMA Number (XXXXXX)

16.4 Warranty

The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment.

Doc. # 7430-0021-06 Rev. A Page 50

Crossbow Technology, Inc.
41 Daggett Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]