Cromemco Z-l Monitor User Manual
Z
-1
MONITOR
Crolllellleo
Specialist.
2432
Ch.rleston
in
computer
Rd.,
Moun"'n
peripherals
View, CA
94043
• (415) 964-1400
CROMEMCO
Z-l
MONITOR
The
Z-l
Monitor
the
CROMEMCO
It
includes
make a
of
binary
CROMEMCO
Transfer
the
contents
encountered
monitor
binary
memory,
paper
keyboard
and
Copyright
makes
Zpu™
executive
or
an
output
tapes,
BYTESAVER.
of
control
with
of
the
during
the
a
up
ZPU
contents
lK
it
possible
from
execution,
a
terminal
commands
ASCII dump
byte
and
to
registers
a
to
of
program
program
five
of
1976
data
all
by
Version
to
to
examine
of
memory, move
to
2708
in
breakpoints
specified.
control
22
CROMEMCO
control
keyboard.
and
any
port,
and
2704
memory
set
When
is
transferred
ZPU
registers
computers
change
and
read
proms
can
be
and
a
which
memory,
compare
and
write
using
commanded
with
breakpoint
are
the
back
stored
use
blocks
the
from
initial
is
to
the
and
displayed.
before
The
Z-l
For
example,
a
RAM
board
it
finds
its
stack
bytes
The
accept
and
longer
for
of
monitor
last
their
These
execution
Monitor
the
at
a
the
highest
and
temporary
this
command
characters
expressions
page
is
words
brevity.
also
register
of
was
monitor
special
should
for
For
the
program
designed
does
place
page
storage
flexible
of
any
typed
their
example,
values
to
of
RAM
be
reserved
in
length,
in.
mnemonic
not
in
This
can
is
be
require
memory
active
area
its
any
be
resumed.
flexible
in
there.
for
command
but
it
allows
value
of
the
examined
as
well
the
user
for
its
the
machine
(The
system
format.
only
the
use
or
shorter
following
and
to
own
top
use.)
looks
of
changed.
as
powerful.
address
use.
and
4AH
It
will
at
the
either
expressions
Rather,
places
or
74
first
-2-
OR
DI8PLAYR
D8PR
causes
the
terminal.
Many
will
through
means
will
The
format
the
of
move
of
move
contents
the
the
B003.
the
to
is
of
all
22
commands
contents
Another
swath~operator.
BOOOaswath
free-form
apply
MOV
of
way
MOV
with
to
2408 240A
locations
to
2408 83
of
user-registers
a
range
BODO
2408
accomplish
Thus:
BOOO
3
bytes
respect
starting
to
of
spaces.
to
memory.
through
the
same
at
be
displayed
For
240A
thing
2408.
example:
to
BOOO
is
by
on
All
have
the
command word
numeric
the
same
operands
effect.
and
such
MOV
MV
at
as
2408 S 3
MOV
240883
Note
least
1
13
and
240883
BOOO
that
one
space
'BOOO
BODO
BOOO
at
least
separates
I
•
one
space
a
pair
follows
of
USE
Set
OF
the
THE
MONITOR
power-on
jump
switch
on
-~-
the
ZPU
card
to
E (1110
binary).
Whenever
pass
If
the
to
ZPU
CARRIAGE
the
serial
being
When
that
The
used.
used
of
monitor
followed
commands
the
the
monitor.
is
RETURN
interface
with
the
terminal,
will
by
a
from
computer
installed
from
a
serial
respond
CROMEMCO
prompt
the
keyboard.
is
in
2
to
card
interface
simply
':'.
reset
the
3
to
The
control
CROMEMCO
times.
the
baud
depress
MONl.O
monitor
This
rate
card
CARRIAGE
C.l976
will
Z_lTM
will
with
is
then
of
baud
then
immediately
computer,
set
the
the
terminal
rate
RETURN
ready
depress
UART
fixed
twice.
to
accept
on
to
When
last
is
entering
four
read
Therefore,
the
last
however.
yields
digits
as
if
four
An
'FFFF'
an
a
wrong
digits
extra
instead.
address
typed
digit
are
'F'
as
the
operand
in
are
retained.
12345
2345.
is
entered,
correct.
inadvertently
There
typed
of
a command,
For
example:
continue
is
a
when
typing
hazard
tlFFF'
only
with
is
the
until
this,
desired
-4-
When
last
If
a
the
I?'
a two
two
monitor
is
digit
digits
printed
Any command may
monitor
depressing
SHIFT-K.
Two
commands,
temporary
of
active
When
is
cautions
the
computer
requesting
ESCAPE.
For
should
be
careful
storage
RAM
number,
typed
detects
followed
be
aborted
most
other
area
installed
is
are
further
For
be
not
reset,
such
retained.
an
error
by
from
teletypes
terminals
noted.
to
which
in
the
as
a
condition,
the
prompt
the
input,
ESCAPE
when
overwrite
resides
machine.
the
monitor
data
byte
keyboard
or
during
it
is
using
the
in
the
is
is
the
I:'
for
either
is
the
CONTROL
the
MOV
system
upper
also
entered,
command
the
next
when
print-out,
same
as
SEMI-COLON.
or
the
stack
4AH
or
reset.
only
is
aborted,
command.
the
by
CONTROL-
PRGM
and
72
bytes
If
a
the
user
these
by
the
The
program
breakpoints
hand.
user
monitor
Status
Available
Buffer
(The
program
flags
Flag
Empty
is
executing
normal
code
assumes
are
transmitted
is
flag
will
that
on
is
at
remain
procedure
whenever
data
bit
6
on
bit
of
7
the
in
is
a
transfer
over
input
of
time
the
for
with
user
the
breakpoint
occurs
input
port
port
input
port
breakpoints
program
monitor
is
on
O.
O.
The
o.
until
to
restore
executed.)
I/O
port
The
Data
Transmitter
set,
removed
1.
then
COMMANDS
1.
DSPM
(Start)
(Stop)
-5-
(CARRIAGE
RETURN)
2.
Display
Start
the
swath-operator
DSPM
DSPR
Display
the
following
where
memory
and
(Start)
(CR)
registers
the
(OM
ending
S
(Swath
Example:
format:
OOPC
OAOF
AAFF
placement
OOSP
OBOC
BBCC
is
with
may
(DR).
of
the
Stop.
be
width)
The
ODOE
DDEE
a
I-byte
short
used
:DSPM
0100:
OHOL
HHLL
As
instead.
(CR).
22
register,
form)
with
registers
100
AB
all
S 3
34 7F
orOT
starting
2-operand
are
OOlX
such
with
displayed
location
commands,
DalY
as
A
is
with
indi-
3.
cated
counter,
A'
interrupts
otherwise.
GO
Resumes
gram
GO
Begins
by
by
"AA". The T
(CR)
counter,
(Addr)
execution
"OA",
PC,
by
were
execution
pc.
(CR)
of
a
"DOPC",
register,
enabled
at
at
2-byte
the
Addr.
register,
and
when
location
of
by
the
a
primed
the
monitor
contained
such
way,
as
the
register,
contains
was
entered,
in
program
such
I
the
if
user
as
and
0
pro-
4.
GO/
(bpI)
(Bp2)
•••
-6-
(CR)
5.
Resumes
BpI,
GO
Bp2,
(Addr)/(Bpl)
Begins
All
breakpoints
from
MOV
Move
a
(Start)
(MV)
ending
verifies
result
errors
this
print-out
execution
....
execution
breakpoint.
(Stop)
the
contents
with
in
after
that
a
Stop
source
print-out
certain
(Up
(Bp2)
at
are
to
can
at
the
location
to
5
breakpoints
..•
(CR)
Addr
with
cleared
(Destination)
of
memory
Destination.
and
destination
of
discrepancies
types
be
terminated
the
upon
of
overlapping
of
PC
may
indicated
re-entry
(CR)
beginning
After
are
which
by
depressing
with
be
of
the
the
moves.
set.)
with
move,
breakpoints
breakpoints
the
monitor
Start
the
same.
are
This
not
However,
ESCAPE.
set
set.
and
monitor
will
really
6.
The
a
constant.
lao.
100,
Care
which
OUT
Output
MOV
and
and
should
resides
(Data
command
100,
then
be
Byte)
(OT)
Data
can
For
example,
use
the
move 100
MOV
taken
in
the
(Port)
Byte
be
8B8M
100
not
upper
to
used
to
command
through
laC
to
4AH
Port.
to
fill
enter
to
10C
101
overwrite
or
74
One
a
block
zeros
enter
to
101:
the
bytes
use
between
a
system
of
of
this
of
at
active
memory
locations
location
stack
command
with
RAM.
is
to
is
and
select
first
turns
banks
entered
off
all
on
CROMEMCO
on
power-up
other
-7-
memory
memory
or
banks.
boards.
reset,
it
When
selects
the
bank
monitor
0
7.
Either
serves
output
For
PRGM
a
software
to
a
byte
example,
(Source)
change
with
Bank
the
(Source-end)
output
the
bank
bit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
following
OUT
10
or
selection.
n
high.
40
a
monitor
Output
01
02
04
08
10
20
40
80
command
selects
(Destination)
output
To
select
byte
to
bank
port
bank
4
40
n
hex
8.
Program
beginning
If
the
decimal)
boundary,
of
400H
READ
Read
in
(Start)
(RD)
memory
(PM)
at
length
or
the
end
input
beginning
from
Source
Destination.
of
the
if
the
destination
monitor
in
000,
(Stop)
from
source
will
400,
(CR)
paper
at
through
800,
Start.
is
reject
or
tape
Source-end
not
a
does
not
the
COO.)
reader
multiple
begin
command.
or
console
into
of
at
proms
400H
(1024
a 400H
(Multiples
and
store
9.
SUBM
(Addr)
-9-
(SPACE)
10.
Substitute
outputs
If
no
change
enter
it
last
the
gets
2
delimiter,
sequential
depress
8UBR
Where
(Register)
Register
memory (8M).
a
DOT,
is
new
a
delimiter,
digits
the
memory
ESCAPE.
(Interrupts-enabled
T
E',
Substitute
,
F
H',
or
register
'.',
desired,
value.
entered
monitor
location
(SPACE)
may
LT.
as
such
be
state),
(SR).
Displays
a
prompt
type
The
as
the
outputs
PC,
another
monitor
as
a
value.
with
SP,
A,
X
(IX),
This
the
for
accepts
SPACE
the
contents
a
DOT
F,
works
contents
the
'.'.
or
After
prompt.
B,
C,
Y
(IY),
like
of
substituted
Otherwise,
hex
digits
DOT,
retaining
it
receives
of
the
To
0,
E,
A',
the
Substitute
Addr
value.
next
terminate,
H,
L,
B',
C',
and
until
the
a
I,
T
1
,
0
-
11.
12.
memory command
for
the
value
last
the
of
VRFY
Verify
contains
tion.
pancy
WRIT
write
4
digits
substitution
the
ID
of
(Start)
(VY)
the
The
found.
(Start)
(WT)
that
address
the
with
of
before
the
(Stop)
same
(Stop)
contents
two
a
2-byte
the
value
next
register.
(Destination)
the
block
values
and
(CR)
exceptions.
register,
delimiter,
for
one
of
as
the
contents
of
memory
register,
(CR)
memory
block
are
locations
(1)
the
monitor
and
(2)
between
beginning
printed
When
it
SUbstituting,
retains
after
awaits
Start
for
accepting
entry
and
at
Destina-
each
between
the
Stop
discre-
Start
and
for
Stop
on
punching
the
binary
console
or
or
ASCII
-9-
paper
paper
tape
tapes
punch.
of
the
This
contents
is
useful
of
memory,
the
when
a
series
about
zeros
and
console.
punching
60
(see
beginning
end
of
the
punch
in
LINE FEED,
for
of
nulls
hex
bytes
the
with
WRIT
order
RUB-OUT
looking
a
paper
MOV
the
command
to
tape,
as
a
leader.
preceding
command)
nulls.
avoid
at
the
at
the
it
the
and
{Depress
before
punching
beginning
ASCII
is
often
This
desired
writing
turning
an
contents
desirable
can
be
memory
out
CARRIAGE
on
the
extra
of
CARRIAGE
the
tape.
of
memory
done
by
block
the
whole
RETURN
paper-tape
to
punch
filling
with
thing
at
RETURN,
on
the
Loading...